FUZZY LOGIC

Module No. 4
Fuzzy Logic – 7 Hours
■ Classical Logic and Fuzzy logic,
■ Fuzzy Rule based systems,
■ Fuzzy Decision making,
■ Fuzzy Classification
Fuzzy Rule based systems
■ Fuzzy Logic is implemented using Fuzzy Rules, which are if-
then statements that express the relationship between input
variables and output variables in a fuzzy way.
■ The output of a Fuzzy Logic system is a fuzzy set, which is a set
of membership degrees for each possible output value.
Rule Based Systems
Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System

• This system can work with any type of inputs whether it is imprecise, distorted
or noisy input information.
• The construction of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and understandable.
• Fuzzy logic comes with mathematical concepts of set theory and the reasoning
of that is quite simple.
• It provides a very efficient solution to complex problems in all fields of life as it
resembles human reasoning and decision-making.
• The algorithms can be described with little data, so little memory is required.
Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic
Systems
• Many researchers proposed different ways to solve a given problem through
fuzzy logic which leads to ambiguity. There is no systematic approach to solve
a given problem through fuzzy logic.
• Proof of its characteristics is difficult or impossible in most cases because every
time we do not get a mathematical description of our approach.
• As fuzzy logic works on precise as well as imprecise data so most of the time
accuracy is compromised.
Application
• It is used in the aerospace field for altitude control of spacecraft and satellites.
• It has been used in the automotive system for speed control, traffic control.
• It is used for decision-making support systems and personal evaluation in the
large company business.
• It has application in the chemical industry for controlling the pH, drying,
chemical distillation process.
• Fuzzy logic is used in Natural language processing and various intensive
applications in Artificial Intelligence.
• Fuzzy logic is extensively used in modern control systems such as expert
systems.
• Fuzzy Logic is used with Neural Networks as it mimics how a person would
make decisions, only much faster. It is done by Aggregation of data and
changing it into more meaningful data by forming partial truths as Fuzzy sets.
Steps of Decision Making

• Determining the Set of Alternatives − In this step, the alternatives from which
the decision has to be taken must be determined.

• Evaluating Alternative − Here, the alternatives must be evaluated so that the

decision can be taken about one of the alternatives.

• Comparison between Alternatives − In this step, a comparison between the

evaluated alternatives is done.
Fuzzy Decision making

■ Individual Decision making

■ Multi-person Decision making
■ Multi-objective Decision making
■ Multi-attribute Decision making
■ Fuzzy Bayesian Decision making
 Individual Decision making
■ In this type of decision making, only a single person is responsible for taking decisions. The
decision making model in this kind can be characterized as

■ The goals and constraints stated above are expressed in terms of fuzzy sets
Exercise
■ Left Graph represent Salary – where my interest is 35,000 to 55,000
■ Right Graph represent Distance – where my interest is 5 to 30
Multi-person Decision making
■ Decision making in this case includes several persons so that the expert
knowledge from various persons is utilized to make decisions.
Multi-person Decision making
Multi-person Decision making

Step 1:
Construct Reference Table
Multi-person Decision making

Step 2: Start finding the values to fix in Reference table

Diagonal should be ZERO

Multi-person Decision making
■ Given
Multi-objective Decision making

■ Multi-objective decision making occurs when there are several objectives to be

realized. There are following two issues in this type of decision making −
• To acquire proper information related to the satisfaction of the objectives by
various alternatives.
• To weigh the relative importance of each objective.
Multi-attribute Decision making
■ Multi-attribute decision making takes place when the evaluation of alternatives
can be carried out based on several attributes of the object. The attributes can
be numerical data, linguistic data and qualitative data.
■ Mathematically, the multi-attribute evaluation is carried out on the basis of
linear equation as follows