SYNOPSIS

The construction of reinforced concrete frame structures is common practice even in

seismically active countries. Because of urbanization and difficulty in availability of land,

height of buildings going up steadily. Therefore a reinforced concrete frame structure

finds a wide application in modern construction industry. Land availability for providing

facilities for residential and commercial activities has become a major problem. The

engineering solution to this crisis has been addressed through the construction of multi-

storey buildings. There is definite savings in the cost, since the foundation is common to

all the floors and the cost being distributed between all the floors. Hence multi-storey

buildings are economical compared to individual buildings.

RC Frames are the most widely used structural system for multi-storey buildings.

Building frames contains a number of bays and have several storeys. Frames allow great

flexibility in space allocation to meet functional requirements. Multi-storey frame can be

of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), steel or a combination of these two. RCC being

durable, popular and being more economical than steel, is widely used in the construction

of multi-storey frames up to 30 storeys.

In this project seismic analysis has been done using static method of analysis for

a reinforced concrete frame building model using IS 1893 (Part-1) – 2002 code. A 5

storey (G + 4) building model is considered for the study. Seismic analysis has been done

for zone II, III and IV. Seismic force such as base shear, lateral forces and storey shear

are calculated and compared with software results. Bending Moments due to gravity load

and seismic load are compared. Software ETABS is used in the analysis of the frame

building model.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take a moment to thank everyone who have contributed and

supported in the successful completion of this project and whose constant guidance and

encouragement crown my efforts to success.

Firstly I would like to thank god for keeping me intact for the entire course and

also giving me the ability to exploit my knowledge and display it in the form of the well

thought of utility.

I would like to take this opportunity to give our sincere and heart full thanks to

the principal Dr. V. P. HUGGI for providing us with all the facilities in the college and

lending us constant support and encouragement during our studies.

I would like to thank our head of the department Prof. Mrs. S. S. ANGADI for

providing us all the facilities and fostering congenial academic environment in the

department.

I take great pleasure to express my gratitude and heart full thanks to my project

guide Prof. U. N. KARADI for his valuable guidance, intense motivation and constant

supervision at all places of study. Special thanks to my parents, friends and well wishers

for supporting me throughout and helped me directly or indirectly.

Lastly, it would be incomplete if i forgot to thank all the non teaching staff and

faculty members for providing everything needed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii

List of Notations v

List of Tables vi

List of Figures viii

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1

1.2 Objectives of the Study 2

1.3 Methodology 2

Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General 3

2.2 Literature 4

Chapter 3

METHODS OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS

4.1 General 5

4.2 Basic assumptions 5

4.3 Earthquake loading 6

4.4 Equivalent lateral force method 8

4.5 Response spectrum method 10

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Chapter 4

LOAD EFFECTS ON MASONRY WALL AND FRAME

4.1 Strength of masonry unit 14

4.2 Load effects on seismic behavior-frame elements 14

Chapter 5

SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA

5.1 General 18

5.2 Seismic zones of India 18

Chapter 6

ANALYSIS OF RC FRAME

6.1 Problem statement 20

6.2 Dead load calculation 21

6.3 Live load calculation 21

6.4 Static analysis for zone II 23

6.5 Static analysis for zone III 25

6.6 Static analysis for zone IV 27

6.7 Software results 34

Chapter 7

CONCLUSION

7.1 Discussion 52

7.2 Conclusion 52

7.3 Future Work 53

REFERENCES 54

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 LIST OF NOTATIONS

Ah = Design horizontal seismic coefficient

Ak = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value for mode k of vibration

d = Base dimension of building

Froof = Design lateral force at the roof

Fi = Design lateral force at the floor i

g = Acceleration due to gravity

H = Height of building

hi = Height of floor i measured from the base

I = Importance factor

Mk = Modal mass of mode k

Pk = Modal participation factor of mode k

Qi = Design lateral force at floor i

R = Response reduction factor

Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient

Ta = Fundamental time period

VB = Design base shear

Vi = Storey shear at the storey i in mode k

W = Seismic weight of building

Wi = Seismic weight of floor i

Z = Zone factor

Φik = Mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode k

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Title Page No

6.1 Seismic weight at roof and floor 22

6.2 Lateral load distribution for zone II 24

6.3 Lateral load distribution for zone III 26

6.4 Lateral load distribution for zone IV 28

6.5 Lateral force and storey shear in X direction for Zone II 34

6.6 Lateral force and storey shear in Y direction for Zone II 34

6.7 Comparison of lateral forces in X and Y direction for Zone II 35

6.8 Comparison of storey shear in X and Y direction for Zone II 35

6.9 Lateral force and storey shear in X direction for Zone III 36

6.10 Lateral force and storey shear in Y direction for Zone III 36

6.11 Comparison of lateral forces in X and Y direction for Zone III 37

6.12 Comparison of storey shear in X and Y direction for Zone III 37

6.13 Lateral force and storey shear in X direction for Zone IV 38

6.14 Lateral force and storey shear in Y direction for Zone IV 38

6.15 Comparison of lateral forces in X and Y direction for Zone IV 39

6.16 Comparison of storey shear in X and Y direction for Zone IV 39

6.17 Lateral force in X and Y direction by Manual Result 40

6.18 Lateral force in X and Y direction by Software Result 40

6.19 Storey shear in X and Y direction by Manual Result 41

6.20 Storey shear in X and Y direction by Software Result 41

6.21 Comparison of Bending Moments in X Direction for Zone II 44

6.22 Comparison of Bending Moments in Y Direction for Zone II 44

6.23 Comparison of Bending Moments in X Direction for Zone III 45

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6.24 Comparison of Bending Moments in Y Direction for Zone III 45

6.25 Comparison of Bending Moments in X Direction for Zone IV 46

6.26 Comparison of Bending Moments in Y Direction for Zone IV 46

6.27 Comparison of Bending Moments in X Direction 47

6.28 Comparison of Bending Moments in Y Direction 47

6.29 Comparison of Base Shear in X and Y direction for Zone II 50

6.30 Comparison of Base Shear in X and Y direction for Zone III 50

6.31 Comparison of Base Shear in X and Y direction for Zone III 50

6.32 Comparison of Base Shear in X and Y direction 51

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Title Page No

4.1 Gravity load effects on seismic behavior of components 15

4.2 Generalized load deformation relations 16

4.3 Idealized flexural mechanisms in multistorey frames 17

5.1 Seismic zone map of India 19

6.1 Building Plan 20

6.2 Etabs Plan Model 29

6.3 Elevation in X direction 30

6.4 Elevation in Y direction 31

6.5 Etabs undeformed Diagram of RC Frame 32

6.6 Etabs deformed Diagram of RC Frame 33

6.7 I shear diagram in X direction 42

6.8 I shear diagram in Y direction 43

6.9 BMD due to gravity loading in X direction 48

6.10 BMD due to gravity and seismic loading in X direction 48

6.11 BMD due to gravity loading in Y direction 49

6.12 BMD due to gravity and seismic loading in Y direction 49

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