Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences

Dr. Mohit Saxena

mohit.saxena@pnguot.ac.pg

AM126
Analytical Geometry
[Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics]

Lecture 2 Addition and Subtraction of Vectors

In the last lecture I looked at multiplying a vector by a constant. Here I will look ataddition
and subtraction and use of brackets
Addition of Vectors in Component Form
Two add two or more vectors we simply add the components.
Example: 𝒂 ̅ = 5î + 2ĵ + k̂ and 𝒃 ̅ = î + 3ĵ + 6k̂ then find out
i. 𝒂 ̅+𝒃̅ ̅
iv. 5𝒂
ii. 𝒂 ̅−𝒃̅ v. 𝟒𝒂 ̅ + ̅̅̅̅
𝟓𝒃
iii. 2𝒂̅−𝟑𝒃 ̅ ̅ −2 𝒃
vi. 𝒂 ̅
Solution
̅+𝒃
i. 𝒂 ̅ = (5î + 2ĵ + k̂) + ( î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) = (5 + 1) î + (2 + 3)ĵ + (1 + 6)k̂
= 6î + 5ĵ + 7k̂

̅
̅−𝒃
ii. 𝒂 = (5î + 2ĵ + k̂) − ( î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) = (5 − 1) î + (2 − 3)ĵ + (1 − 6)k̂
= 4î − ĵ − 5k̂

iii. 𝟐𝒂 ̅ = 𝟐(5î + 2ĵ + k̂) −3( î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) = (10−3) î + (4 − 9)ĵ + (2 − 18)k̂
̅ − 𝟑𝒃
= 7î − 5ĵ − 16k̂

iv. ̅ = 𝟓(5î + 2ĵ + k̂) = 25î + 10ĵ + 5k̂

𝟓𝒂
v.
vi. 𝟒𝒂 ̅ = 4(5î + 2ĵ + k̂) − 5( î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) = (20 − 5) î + (8 − 15)ĵ + (4 + 30)k̂
̅ + 𝟓𝒃
= 15î − 7ĵ + 34k̂

vii. 𝒂 ̅ = (5î + 2ĵ + k̂) −2( î + 3ĵ + 6k̂) = (5−2) î + (2 − 6)ĵ + (1 − 12)k̂
̅ − 𝟐𝒃
= 3î − 4ĵ − 11k̂

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Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences
Dr. Mohit Saxena
mohit.saxena@pnguot.ac.pg