BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY

Bio- means Life

Diversity- means variety 
Biodiversity- encompasses an kinds of life forms. It plays a major role in our natural
dynamics.
THREE (3) TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
 Genetic Diversity- It refers to the variations among the genetic resources of the
organisms.
 Species Diversity-It refers to the variety of different types of species found in a
particular area.
 Ecological/Ecosystem Diversity- Ecosystem diversity is defined as a form of
diversity between ecosystems within a geographical location
SOME THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY!
 Habitat Distraction
 Pollution
 Global Climate Change
 Water Pollution 
 Importance of Biodiversity
BIODIVERSITY
- Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including
humans. 
- Biodiversity is important in order to maintain stable ecosystems.
 HEALTH SOCIETY 
- Is the expansion of health into every aspect of everyday life and politics and as
an essential component of the market and household expenditure is captured
with the term “health society”?
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH SOCIETY?
- Good health is central to human happiness and well-being that contributes
significantly to prosperity and wealth and even economic progress, as healthy
populations are more productive, save more, and live longer.
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS?
 Physical inactive
 Mental issues
 Falling and injuries
 Eating unhealthy foods
 Chronic diseases
HOW CAN WE SOLVE THE COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS?
 Disease surveillance
 Promote healthier lifestyle
 Cleaner environment
 Regular exercise
 Balanced diet
 Access to healthcare
WHAT FACTORS AFFECT SOCIAL HEALTH?
 Income and social protection
 Education
 Unemployment and job insecurity
 Working life condition
 Food security
 Housing, and the environment
HOW CAN WE SOLVE THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIAL HEALTH?
 Access to jobs
 Affordable housing
 Reducing income inequality
 Fostering community cohesion
 Safe and clean water and foods
 Clean environment
 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM: SCIENCE, HEALTH AND POLITICS

GMO OR GENETIC MODIFIED ORGANISM

- A genetically modified organism is one whose genetic material has been altered
using genetic engineering. The GMO concern started in The 1990s with the
creation of the national committee on biosafety of the Philippines
WHERE WAS THE FIRST GMO CREATED?
- The People's Republic of China was the first country to commercialize transgenic
plants, introducing a virus-resistant tobacco in 1992.
GMO IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
WHO DISCOVERED GMO FOOD?
- 1973: Biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen develop genetic
engineering by inserting DNA from one bacteria into another
ROLES OF GMO IN THE FOOD AND AGRI INDUSTRIES:
1. Pest resistance - genetically modified plants to resist certain pest.
2. Virus resistance - genetically modified plants to resist certain viruses.
3. Cosmetic preservation- genetically modified plants to resist natural discoloration.
4. Increase growth rate- genetically modified organism than has higher yield in
growth than normal rate.
SOME BENEFITS OF GMO
 Higher efficiency in farming
 Increase in harvest
 Control in fertility
 Increased in food processing
GMO IN THE MEDICAL FIELD
- genetic engineering is playing a significant role from diagnosis to treatment of
human- dreaded diseases it helps in the production of drugs, gene therapy, and
laboratory researchers.
- The gene for insulin was inserted to bacterial DNA that was able to produce
almost exactly the same human insulin in 1996, modified human insulin was
approved.
SOME GMO IN MEDICINE INCLUDE
 vaccines
 antivenins
 bacteria derived toxins
 hormones such as insulin, growth hormone
 enzymes such as pancreatins
THE ADVANTAGES OF GMO
 More income
 Tastier food
 Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources
(such as water and fertilizer)
 Less use of pesticides
 Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life
 Faster growing plants and animals
 Food with more desirable traits, such as potatoes that produce less of a cancer-
causing substance when fried
 Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other medicines
DISADVANTAGES OF GMO
 It can be dangerous to other insects that are important to our ecosystem.
 Allergic reactions
 Release toxin to soil
 Reduce nutritional value
WHAT IS THE GOVERNMENT'S POSITION ON GMOS?
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ensure that GMOs
are safe for human, plant, and animal health. These agencies also monitor the
impact of GMOs on the environment.
THE PURPOSE OF GMO
 To develop crops with drought, pest and disease resistant traits.
 To improve nutritional content. For example “Golden Rice” (not yet on the
market) contains higher vitamin a content to reduced blindness in impoverished
communities.
 For medical purposes.
3 TYPES OF GENE MODIFICATION
1. Traditional Crop modification
- Is a new variety are developed either by selecting plants with desirable
characteristics or by combining qualities from two closely related plants through
selective breeding.
2. Genetic Engineering
- Is a method that among other things, enable scientists to copy a gene with a
desired trait in one organism and put it into another. It has been used since 1970
and build on the scientific made in the study of DNA.
3. Genome Editing
- Is a new method that given scientist more precise and targeted ways to develop
new crop varieties?
PRODUCTION OF GMO
 Identification of the gene interest
 Isolation of the gene of gene interest
 Amplifying the gene to produce many copies
 Associating the gene with an appropriate promoter and poly A sequence and
insertion into plasmid.
 Multiplying the plasmid in bacteria and recovering the cloned construct for
injection.
 Transference of the construct into the recipient tissue, usually fertilized eggs.
 In heritance of gene through further generations
 Expression of gene in recipient genome
 Integration of gene into recipient genome
GENETIC ENGINEERING VC TRADITIONAL BREEDER
 Traditional or conventional breeding relies primarily on selection, using natural
processes of sexual reproduction.
 Genetic engineering utilizes a process of insertion of genetic material, via a gene
gun or other direct gene introduction methods, or by a specially designed
bacterial truck, which does not occur in nature.
 THE NANO WORLD
WHY NANO?
- The word “Nano” refers to a unit meaning one billion or ten raised to negative
nine (10^9).
- For example, a nanometer is one billion of a meter. Hence, “Nano” expresses a
very tiny amount or size
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOSCIENCE
- This refers to the study of exceptionally small things that can be used across all
the other fields of science, such as biology, chemistry, physics, material science
and engineering (NNI, 2017)
NANOTECHNOLOGY
- This deals with science, technology, and engineering accompanied at the
nanoscale, which is about 1 to nanometer.
NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS
• One of the examples of nanotechnology product that was used during the pre-
modern era was medieval stained glass window (Courtesy: NanoBionet)
• Materials in Nano-size show uncommon physical and chemical properties
caused by several factors including the increase in its particular surface area
( Bogoevski & Burevski, 2008: Sergeev, 2001). Based on the latest researches,
nanotechnology helps enhance the quality of following
1. BIOMATERIALS
- These Nano biomaterials are being used in healthcare, such as imaging tools as
bioengineering to detect diseases, monitoring, prevention, treatment of several
diseases, for instance: cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, inflammatory
conditions, and some infectious diseases
2. CERAMICS
- An example of these is Nano ceramic paint coating. This is being used as a car
paint coating to provide strong protection and shield that keeps the paint of the
car to look shiny and brand new.
3. METALS
- A good example of these are tennis and badminton rackets. It increases the
strength of the metal 200 times by rolling up the sheets of carbon atoms.
Scientist have been working on another super strong version of carbon atoms
called carbon nanotubes, which consist of sheets of carbon atoms rolled into tiny
cylinders.
 The arrangement of the structure of materials at the nanoscale can change its
strength. For instance, a pencil contains a graphite, which is made of carbon atoms that
are arrange in sheets. This can easily slide around when writing because graphite
sheets can easily rub off onto paper. Another example, in diamonds, carbon atoms are
tightly packed together, making it hard that they can cut steel.
4. POLYMERS
- These have been used to enhance and strengthen computer chips, especially its
design.
COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF NANMATERIALS
1. SUNSCREENS
- These sunscreens provide protection from harmful UV rays of solar radiation.
This have been possible through the use of nano-sive zinc oxide that reflects and
absorbs UV rays and made it ultraviolent resistant
2. SELF- CLEANING WINDOWS
- These self-cleaning windows break down the dirt and stain repellent fibers that
can be washed away by rain. This has been possible through the use of
nanomaterial of unique chemical properties
 GENE THERAPY
GENE THERAPY
- Carry the information that determines our traits, which are features or
characteristics we inherit from our parents like eye, color, height and texture of
our hair. They also determine things like whether babies will be male or female,
the amount of oxygen blood can carry, and the likelihood of getting some
disease.
- Found deep inside our cells play a role in our health
- Genes that doesn't work properly can cause disease.
- Is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease?
- The particular intention of gene therapy is to treat diseases or make changes so
the body can fight diseases.
HOW DOES THE GENE THERAPY WORK?
- Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside your body's cells in an effort to
treat or stop disease. Genes contain your DNA — the code that controls much of
your body's form and function, from making you grow taller to regulating your
body systems.
Dr. WILLIAM FRENCH ANDERSON
- is known as the father of gene therapy.
TWO TYPES OF GENE THERAPY
SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
- transfer of a section of DNA to any cell of the body that doesn’t produce sperm or
eggs. Effect of gene therapy will not be passed onto the patient’s children.
GERMLINE GENE THERAPY
- transfer of a section of DNA to cell that produce eggs or sperm. Effects of gene
therapy will be passed onto the subsequent generation.
TWO TYPES OF SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
IN VIVO GENE THERAPY
- the gene is being transferred to a patient cell while still in the patient. However, a
gene cannot be introduced directly into patient cell. Instead a carrier called a
vector (virus) is genetically engineered to transport the gene
GERMLINE GENE THERAPY
- The gene is being transferred into the cells in laboratory and then injected back
into the patient via IV directly into a specific tissue.
 When Technology and Humanity Cross
Technology
 Came from the Greek words “Techne” which means art and “Logos” which
means word.
 Discourse on arts (Buchanan, 2010)
 First appeared in the seventeenth century.
 Concepts like machines and tools were also attached to the word “technology”
The application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is
sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
 Television sets, Mobile Phones, Computers, and Humanity
Television
- ultimate medium for advertisement placements (The manila time, 2014)
Kantar media
- one of the most trusted television audience measurement providers, in the
Philippines, 92 percent of urban homes and 70 percent of rural homes own at
least one television set.
- reported that in the Philippines, the current count of households with television
sets already reached 15.135 million (Noda, 2012)
Product of different experiments by various people:
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
- A German student, in the 1800s, was successful in his attempt to send images
through the wires with the aid of a rotating metal disk. This invention called
“Electric telescope, that had 18 lines of resolution.
Alan Arcibald Campbell-Swinton & Boris Rosing
- In 1907, two inventors who were English and Russian scientists created a new
system of television by using the “Cathode ray tube” in addition to the mechanical
scanner system.
Two types of Television:
Mechanical Television
- is a television system that relies on a mechanical scanning device, such as a
rotating disk with holes in it or a rotating mirror drum, to scan the scene and
generate the video signal, and a similar mechanical device at the receiver to
display the picture.
Electronic Television
- a system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on
screens, chiefly used to broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and
education.
Mobile Phones
- A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that allows users to make and
receive calls. While the earliest generation of mobile phones could only make
and receive calls, today’s mobile phones do a lot more, accommodating web
browsers, games, cameras, video players, and navigational systems.
- Also known as “cell phones” or cellular phones, today’s mobile phones are more
commonly called “smartphones” because of all the extra voice and data services
they offer.
2012 – global research agency Synovate conducted a survey and declared 67 percent
product ownership in the country.
Ipsos Media Atlas Philippines Nationwide Urban (2011-2012)
- showed that one in every three Filipinos really loves to use their mobile phones.
In other words, 30 percent of the Philippine urban population said that mobile
phones are necessities in life ( Roa, 2012).
On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper
- a senior engineer at Motorola, made the world’s first mobile phone call. The
mobile phone used by Cooper weighed 1.1 kilograms and measured 228 x 127 x
44.4 mm. This kind of device was capable of a 30 minute talk time, and it took 10
hours to charge.
1983 – Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone to the public, known as the
“Motorola DynaTAC 8000x (Goodwin, 2016
Computers and Laptops
- A laptop or notebook computer is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with
a screen and alphanumeric keyboard.
In 2010 – 3.6 trillion estimated total output of all manufacturing establishments. To be
more specific, 5.4 percent of the total value output came from computers and peripheral
equipment and accessories ( PSA, 2013).
Charles Babbage
- nineteenth-century English mathematics professor, who designed the Analytical
Engine which was used as the basic framework of computers even until the
present time.
April 1981 – release of the first true portable computer and it was called the “Osborne
1” (Orfano, 2011)
Some facts about Filipinos and their use of gadgets and the Internet (Rappler,
n.d.):
 Mobile phone subscription is at 119 million
 Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop
daily.
 Currently, the Philippines has one of the highest digital populations in the world.
 There are now 47 million active Facebook accounts in the Philippines.
 The Philippines is the fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia.
Roles played by These Technological Advancements
Television Sets, Mobile Phones, Computer/Laptop
- These technological advancements have different functions and roles played in
the lives of people, although some may be a little similar. These roles have
become so essential that people, more specifically Filipinos, developed a strong
inclination toward technology and its products.
Ethical Dilemma Faced by These Technological Advancements
Dilemma 1 - Parents argue that these devices make their children lazy and unhealthy.
Dilemma 2 - Moral Dilemma

Robotic and humanity

ROBOTS
A preliminary extract of the relevant definition is (IFR, 2012) :
Robot
- An actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of
autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform the intended task.
Service Robot
- Performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation
applications.
Personal service robot/service robot for personal use
- A service robot used for a noncommercial task, usually by lay persons.
Professional service robot
- A service robot used for a commercial task, usually operated by a properly
trained operator.
Isaac Asimov
- Formulated the laws for robotics back in the 1940s, when he was thinking of the
ethical consequences of robots.
Roles played by robotics
Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human
being to come to harm.
Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except where such
orders would conflict with the First Law.
Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.
 INFORMATION AGES
 Also called the DIGITAL AGE and NEW MEDIA AGE: associated with the
development of computers.
 1980s: RICHARD WURMAN called it "INFORMATION ANXIETY" because of
difficulty to collect and manage information during those times.
THEORY OF INFORMATION AGE in 1982
JAMES R. MESSENGER
- " information age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of computers
via telecommunications, with these information system operating on both a real
time and as needed are convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn will
create user dependence."
• 3000 BC - Sumerian writing system used pictographs to represent words.
• 2900 BC - beginning of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.
• 1300 BC - tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used.
• 500 BC - Papyrus roll was used
• 220 BC - Chinese small seal writing was developed
• 100 AD - Book (parchment codex)
HISTORY:
THE TABLE BELOW TRACES THE HISTORY AND EMERGENCE OF THE
INFORMATION AGE (UNITED STATES AMERICAN HISTORY, N. D.).
• 105 AD - Woodblock printing and paper was invented by the Chinese.
• 1455 - Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable metal type.
• 1755 - Samuel Johnson's dictionary standardized English spelling.
• 1802 - The Library of congress was established, Invention of the carbon are lamp
• 1824 - Research on persistence of vision published. • 1830's
- First viable design for a digital computer
- Augusta lady byron writes the world's first computer program.
• 1837 - Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain adn the United States.
• 1861 - motion picture was projected onto a screen.
• 1876 - Dewey Decimal system was introduced.
• 1877 - Eadweard Muybridge demonstrate high speed photography
• 1899 - First magnetic recording were released.
• 1902 - Motion picture special effects were used
• 1906 - Lee Deforest invented the electronic amplifying tube (triode)
• 1923 - Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn.
• 1926 - First practical sound movie
• 1939 - Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in the US.
• 1940 - Beginning of information science as a discipline.
1946 - ENIAC computer was developed
1948 - Birth of field of information theory proposed by Claude E. Shannon
1957 - Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni
1958 - First intergrated circuit
1960s - Library of congress development LC MARC (machine readable code)
1969 - UNIX operating system was developed, which could handle multitasking
1971 - Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip
1972 - Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA
1974 - MCA and Philips agreed a standard videodisc encoding format
1975 - Altair Microcomputer Kit was released; first personal computer for the public
1977 - RadioShack introduced the first complete personal computer
1984 - Apple Macintosh computer was introduced
MID 1980s - Artificial intelligence was separated from information science
1987 - HyperCard was developed by bill Atkinson recipe box metaphor
1991 - Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD-ROM was released
January 1997 RSA (encryption and network security software) internet security code
cracked for a 48 bit number
EVOLUTION OF MAN AMD INFORMATION
As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also evolved in many ways.
- During 1980's: Real angst set in.
- RICHARD WURMAN called it " INFORMATION ANXIETY ".
- 1990's : Information become the currency in the business world.
- Information was the preferred medium of exchange and the information
managers served as information officers.
- Different authors have diverse, contrasting ideas on the evolution of the
information Age.
According to ROBERT HARRIS in his Article “TRUTHS OF THE INFORMATION
AGE”
1. Information must compete.
2. Newer is equated with truer.
3. Selection is a view point.
4. The media sells what culture buys.
5. The early word gets the perm.
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain.
7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited.
8. Ideas are seen as controversial.
9. Undead information walks ever on.
10. Media presence creates the story.
11. The medium selects the message.
12. The whole truth is pursuit.
COMPUTERS
- Among the most important contributions of the advances in the
Information Age to society.
- A Computer is an electronic device that stores and process data
(information).
- It runs on the program that contains the exact, step by step directions to
solve problem.

TYPES OF COMPUTER
1. PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
2. DESKTOP COMPUTER
3. LAPTOPS
4. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDAs)
5. SERVER
6. MAINFRAME
7. WEARABLE COMPUTER
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (Internet)
CLAUDE E. SHANNON
- An American Mathematician who was considered as the “Father of
Information Theory”.
- He worked at Bell Laboratories at the age of 32.
- He published a paper proposing that information can be quantitatively
encoded as a sequence of ones and zeroes.
The INTERNET is the worldwide system of interconnected networks that facilitate data
transmission among innumerable computers. It developed during the 1970’s by the
Department of Defense.
SERGEY BRIN and LARRY PAGE
Directors of Stanford research project.
GOOGLE is now the world most popular search engine, accepting more than 200
million queries daily.
NEW FORMS OF COMMUNICATION WERE ALSO INTRODUCED
Electronic, mail or email, as a suitable way to send a message to fellow workers,
business partners or friends.
Application of Computers in Science and Research
One of the significant applications of computers for science and research is evident in
the field of bio information.
BIOINFORMATION
- is the application of information technology to store, organize, and analyze vast
amount of biological data which is available in the form of sequences and
structures of proteins - the building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids - the
information carrier ( Madan, n.d.).
The human brain cannot store all the genetic sequences of organisms and this huge
amount of data can only be stored, analyze, and be used efficiently with the use of
computers.
SWISS-PROT
- known as protein sequences were maintained at individual laboratories, the
development of a consolidated formal database, initiated in 1986. It now has
about 70,000 protein sequences from more than 5,000 model organisms, a small
fraction of all organisms
Computers and software tools are widely used for generating this database and to
identify the function of proteins, model the structure of proteins, determine the coding
(useful) regions of nucleic acid sequences, find suitable drug compounds form a large
pool, and optimize the drug development process by predicting possible targets.
SOME OF THE SOFTWARE TOOLS WHICH ARE HANDY IN THE ANALYSIS
INCLUDE;
- Blast - used for comparing sequences.
- Annotator - an interactive genome analysis tool, and
- Gene Finder - tool used to identify coding regions and spice sites (Madan,n.d.).
 For a population of about five (5) million human beings with two individuals
differing in three million bases, the genomic sequence difference database would have
about 15,000,000 billion entries.
Moreover, from a pharmaceutical industry’s point of view, bio information is the key
rational drug discovery. It reduces the numbers of trials in the screening of drug
compounds and in identifying potential drug targets for a particular disease using high-
power computing workstations and software like Insight.
In plant biotechnology, bio-informatics is found to be useful in the areas of identifying
disease resistance genes and designing plants with high nutrition value (Madan,n.d.).
HOW to CHECK the REABILITY of WEB SOURCES;
The internet contains a vast collection of highly valuable information but it may also
contain unreliable, biased information that mislead people. (Lee College Library,n.d.).
1. Who published the site?
How to find out?
Look at the domain name of the website that will tell you who is hosting the site.
Search the domain name at the http://www.whois.sc/.
Do not ignore the suffix on the domain name (the three-letter part that comes after the
“,”).
Here are some examples;
.edu = education .mil=military .org=nonprofit
.com = commercial .gov=government

. What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author write it and why did the
publisher post it?
2. Who is the intended audience?
3. What is the quality of information provided the web?
EXAMPLE OF USEFUL AND RELIABLE WEB SOURCES
1. AFA
2. American Memory - the library of Congress historical digital collection
3. Bartleby.com Great Books Online
4. Chronicling America
5. Cyber Bullying
6. Drug information websites
 7. Global Gateway
8. Google Books
9. Googlescholar.com
10. History sites with primary documents
11. Illinois Digital Archives
12. Internet Archive
WHY DOES THE FUTURE DOESN’T NEED US?
- This article is written by Bill Joy in the April 2000 issue of wired magazine
- William Nelson Joy was born on November 8, 1954. He is an American computer
engineer and a venture capitalist.
- He argues that “the most powerful technology is the 21st technologies (genetic
engineering, nanotechnology, and robotics) are threatening to make human lives
endangered species because of competition from intelligent robots, which are
made possible by technological advancements in artificial intelligence.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
- (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based
technology to alter the DNA makeup of an organism.
- It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including
the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved
or novel organisms.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
- (also known as nanotech) is the use or matter on an atomic, molecular, and
supramolecular scale for industrial purpose.
- Bill Joy argues that the developing technologies provide much danger to
humanity that it presented before.
- Bill Joy stated that the future does not need us because of the advancement of
robotics, engineering and nanotech.
CRITIQUE OF BILL JOY
- We shifted on paradigmatic system where technologies emerge with all aspects
and dimensions.
- Although technology can have negative effects on humanity, it is impossible to
eliminate the rapid development of technology as it is a part of human nature.
MAIN POINT OF BILL JOY ON HIS ARTICLE
- In the first part of Joy’s article, he introduces the fears he and others have for the
potential danger of the new twenty-first century technologies known as GNR
(genetic engineering, nanotech, robotics).
 - In the second part of his article Joy encourage the society to take responsibility
for their technology and encourage preventative measures be taken to decrease
chances for a potential disaster.
- In conclusion of his article, he expresses his faith that human will confront these
issues. He says that, “Each of us has our precious things, and we care for them,
we locate the essence of our humanity, it is because of our great capacity for
caring that I remain optimistic we will confront the dangerous issues”
THE GOOD LIFE
Aristotle ancient Greek philosopher known for his natural philosophy. logic and political
theory
More on Aristotle: one of the greatest thinkers in the history of western science and
philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology,
botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre.
First to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as
mathematics, biology, and ethics. founder of the Lyceum, the first scientific institute,
based in Athens, Greece. one of the strongest advocates of a liberal arts education,
which stresses the education of the whole person, including one's moral character,
rather than merely learning a set of skills.
Nicomachean Ethics 2:2 All human activities aim at some good. Every art and human
inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit , is thought to aim at some good; and for
this reason the good has been rightly declared as that at which all things aim.
What is meant by good life?
living in comfort and luxury with few problems or worries. characterized by happiness
from living and doing well content
What is eudemonia? came from the Greek word eu meaning “good” and daimon
meaning “spirit”. refers to the good life marked by happiness and excellence. flourishing
life filled with meaningful endeavors that empower the human person to be the best
version of himself/herself.
Aristotle’s view of good life the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. o believed
that good for humans is the maximum realization of what was unique to humans. o the
good for humans was to reason well. o The task of reason was to teach humans how to
act virtuously, and the exercise faculties in accordance with virtue.
Virtue/s behavior showing high moral standards. "paragons of virtue" synonyms:
goodness, virtuousness, righteousness, morality, ethicalness, uprightness,
upstandingness, integrity, dignity, rectitude, honesty, honorableness, honorability,
honor, incorruptibility, probity, propriety, decency, respectability, nobility, nobility of
soul/spirit, nobleness, worthiness, worth, good, trustworthiness, meritoriousness,
irreproachableness, blamelessness, purity, pureness, lack of corruption, merit;
principles, high principles, ethics "the simple virtue and integrity of peasant life"
Nicomachean Ethics 2:1 Virtue, then, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral,
intellectual virtue in the main owes its birth and growth in teaching ( for its reason it
requires experience and time). While moral virtue comes about as a result of habit
The Virtues: Intellectual virtue theoretical wisdom (thinking anf truth) practical wisdom
understanding. Experience and time are necessary requirements for the development of
intellectual virtue Moral virtue controlled by practical wisdom (ability to make right
judgment) owed its development to how one nurtured it as habit. can be learned.
Happiness to Aristotle "Happiness depends on ourselves.“ central purpose of human life
and a goal in itself. depends on the cultivation of virtue. a genuinely happy life required
the fulfillment of a broad range of conditions, including physical as well as mental well-
being.
Happiness as the Ultimate Purpose of Human Existence happiness is a final end
or goal that encompasses the totality of one's life. It is not something that can be gained
or lost in a few hours, like pleasurable sensations. It is more like the ultimate value of
your life as lived up to this moment, measuring how well you have lived up to your full
potential as a human being.
Science and Technology and Good Life S&T is also the movement towards good
life. S&T are one of the highest expressions of human faculties. S&T allow us to thrive
and flourish if we desire it. S&T may corrupt a person S&T with virtue can helpan
individual to be out of danger.
Why is it that everyone is in the pursuit of the good life?
“Life is good! It is only our thoughts, choices and actions towards the situations
we meet in life each moment of time that makes life look bad! The same bad situation in
life that makes one person think badly inspires another to do a noble thing! The same
good situation in life that makes one person feel so good to get into a bad situation
inspires another person to create another good situation because of the good situation.
It is all about thoughts, choices and actions! Life is good! Live it well!” ― Ernest
Agyemang Yeboah
One must find the truth about what the good is before one can even try to locate that
which is good.