SAMPLE TEST 14 - KEY

I. LISTENING : ( 3ms)
SECTION 1: The apartment manager is talking to his tenant. Listen to the conversation and choose the
best answer A, B, or C.
1. Mr. Burton asks the manager to tell the man in apartment 4B to:
A. turn off the music after 10:00 PM
B. turn down the volume to his stereo
C. use headphones when listening to music
2. Why is the manager hesitant about carrying out this request?
A. He says the matter is the owner's responsibility, not his.
B. He is not on talking terms with his son who lives there.
C. He is afraid of what the man might say or do.
3. What is Mr. Burton's second complaint?
A. There is an awful smell coming from the farm next door.
B. The property owners next door are illegally disposing of waste.
C. The neighbors are burning leaves which are drifting his way.
4. How does the manager respond to this second request?
A. He cannot do anything because the people are within their rights as landowners.
B. He has discussed this with the landowners, but his request has fallen on deaf ears.
C. He has livestock as well, so he can sympathize with the neighbor's situation.
5. What is the source of Mr. Burton's third complaint?
A. The military is flying high-altitude jets overhead causing supersonic booms.
B. A coal company has resumed its mining operations using explosive devices.
C. The armed forces are carrying out artillery training exercises nearby.

SECTION 2: Listen to the traffic report and choose the best answer A, B, or C.
1. What is causing the delays near Interstate 215?
A. road construction B. a small accident C. inclement weather condition

2. Where do these delays clear up?

A. around 7200 South B. right after 3300 South C. near 9600 South

3. What caused the accident on Northbound I-15?

A. slick ice B. a stalled vehicle C. limited visibility

4. What weather conditions are predicted during the night and morning hours?
A. heavy fog B. periodic sleet C. strong winds
5.
What situation has resulted because of the extremely cold temperatures snow in the mountains?
A. A group of animals has come down into the valley.
B. Sudden avalanches are expected around Riverside Park.
C. Road closures are making travelling difficult in that area.

SECTION 3: Listen to the weather forecast and choose the best answer A, B, or C.
1. What was Friday's weather like?
A. fair and humid B. warm and dry C. hot and partly cloudy

2.What were the high temperatures for Friday in the state?

A. 85 to 90 degrees B. 91 to 95 degrees C. 96 to 99 degrees

3. What is Saturday evening's weather forecast for the state?

A. light rain over the entire state
B. heavy showers over the northern part
C. some rain in parts of the state

4. About what time should skies clear on Sunday?

A. around 10:00 AM B. around 3:00 PM C. around 6:00 PM

5. What event will occur on Sunday evening?

A. The earth's shadow will cover the moon.
B. Colorful lights will appear in the sky.
C. Shooting stars will be visible.

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR:

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I was absolutely...........when our appointment was cancelled for the third time.
A. annoyed B. irritated C. livid D. cross
2. The whole country is up in................about the new tax the government has put on books.
A. rage B. fists C. anger D. arms
3. No way you will beat him. You don’t.................a chance. He’s a hundred times better than you are.
A. hold B. run C. posseses D. stand
4. You drop it down the stairs? You’ve lucky it is still in one ...........................
A. piece B. whole C. entirely D. unit
5. He must have been hungry. Did you see the way he ..............his dinner down?
A. wolfed B. swallowed C. demolished D. polished
6. Sunglasses protect you from the ........................ of the sun.
A.ray B. gloom C. glare D. blaze
7. At the time, Mexico was in the ..................of its worst economic recession on record.
A. grip B. tug C. hug D. grab
8. Having ................. my vote, I left the polling station.
A. bid B. passed C. placed D. cast
9. He was amazed to see his long-...............brother after so many years.
A. running B. lasting C. winded D. lost
10. The only thing that ...............the race was Kaba’s accident.
A. dismantled B. marred C. scrapped D. frayed
11. His retirement came as a bolt__________________
A. from the red B. from the blue C. from the black D. from the white
12. Children learn to use computer programs_________
A. leaps and bounds B. odds and ends C. sick and tired D. trial and error
13. __________you will have to make a decision.
A. Sooner or later B. All along C. At the beginning D. Eventually
14. First check that the accident victim doesn’t have an __________airway.
A. restricted B. obstructed C. cramped D. impeded
15. She ________the book into her bag and hurried off.
A. toted B. thrust C. shoved D. heaved
16. He was charged with causing a ___________ after the game.
A. disturbance B. disruption C. derangement D. derailment
17. Education should be a universal right and not a __________
A. deliverance B. enlightenment C. privilege D. liberties
18. It would be _________ to raise taxes further.
A. inevitable B. inexpedient C. insatiable D. inedible
19. The point at which the solid and the liquid are in _________ is called the freezing point.
A. collusion B. collision C. incubation D. equilibrium
20. She has scrawled me a note in her familiar ___________ handwriting.
A. scratchy B. scruffy C. rusty D. sloppy
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer among four options (A, B, C or D).
21. He's really shy _______ girl.
A. by B. at C. for D. with
22. Business has been thriving for the past few years. Long _________ it continue to do so.
A. could B. does C. may D. might
23. I _________. He should have ________ than to lend them money.
A. am not sorry once and for all / thought more
B. am not sorry once / been better
C. for one thing am not sorry / known more
D. for one am not sorry / known better
24. Which of the following does not need ‘the’?
A. He’s sailing up the Nile for his holidays. B. My favourite Sea is the Mediterranean.
C. Have you ever been to the Bahamas? D. I’d love to visit the Norway.
25. The scientists _________ the festival of Ramanda, but they were too busy with their research in the
laboratory.
A. would have liked to commemorate B. would have loved to have observed
C. would prefer to have obeyed D. would sooner have celebrated
26. How annoying! You _______again!
A. have made the self-same mistake yet as yours
B. may yet make the same mistake
C. have made the same mistake yet
D. have yet to make the same mistake
27. The party was already _________ by the time we arrived. Everyone is singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. over the moon D. under the cloud
28. Traveling alone to a jungle is adventurous, ________.
A. if not impossible B. if it not impossible
C. when not impossible D. when it not impossible
29. 1870, ________, John D. Rockefeller and others created the Standard Oil Company.
A. in spite of oil prices fluctuated B. despite fluctuating oil prices
C. but the oil prices fluctuated D. oil prices were fluctuating
30. Somebody ran in front of the car as I was driving. Fortunately I__________ just in time.
A. could stop B. could have stopped
C. managed to stop D. must be able to stop
31. According to estimates, there _________ no energy shortage after these large dams _________.
A. will be – have been constructed B. is – will be constructed
C. should be – have been constructed D. was – would be constructed
32. They go to the seaside ________ they should be disturbed by the noises of the city.
A. in order that B. so that C. for D. lest
33. _________ so incredible is that these insects successfully migrate to places they have never seen.
A. That makes the monarch butterflies’ migration
B. The migration of the monarch butterflies is
C. What makes the monarch butterflies’ migration
D. The migration of the monarch butterflies, which is
34. The curriculum at the public school is as good _________ of any private school.
A. or better than B. as or better than that
C. expensive than D. lesser expensive than
35. “I thought you’d get here much earlier.” “I know. We _________ it without our flight _________ almost two
hour late.”
A. could made – taking off B. would have made – took it off
C. must have made – taking off D. could have made – taking off
36. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!”
A. He said with joy that they have won the match.
 B. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
C. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the match.
D. He said that they have won the match.
37. Ms Clark expects _________ about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed.
A. consulting B. being consulted C. to consult D. to be consulted
38. Is it essential that we_________ there?
A. are B. were C. be D. have been
39. The lake, _________, was finally thawing.
A. frozen over all winter B. freezing over all winter
C. freeze over all winter D. be frozen over all winter
40. ................................................that I don’t have time to look after myself.
A. So busy am I B. Such busy am I
C. So busy I am D. Such busy I am

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

41. Close your eyes and try to ________ up a picture of a place where you feel at peace.
A. store B. eat C. stick D. conjure
42. “You don’t expect me to read this without my glasses on!” I can’t make _________ the small print.”
A. for B. into C. up D. out
43. I was sitting in a train looking out of the window when my mind suddenly _________ back to that amazing
trip we made to India.
A. put B. flashed C. stirred D. associated
44. Twenty years ago you could find these records everywhere, but nowadays they are very hard to come
_________
A. out B. by C. about D. over
45. The sky was heavy with black clouds. We hurried, hoping the rain would _________ until we got the tents
up.
A. put off B. hold off C. keep up D. go over
46. I might be desperate to pass the exam, but you don’t honestly think I would stoop_________ cheating, do
you?
A. into B. on C. to D. out
47. I wish he would stop bragging _________ how much money he earns.
A. about B. away C. out D. off
48. During the World Cup final, millions of people arould the world will be glued _________ their television.
A. on B. to C. in D. With
49. When she got excited she had a tendency to lapse _________ Italian.
A. into B. about C. in D. With
50. We installed an electric fence around the house in the hope that it would keep the bear_________
A. in bay B. to bay C. at bay D. with bay

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

51. He _____the meat with his bare hands.
A. tore at B. tore away C. tore down D. tore up
52. She spoke for a long time but her meaning didn’t really___________
A. come in B. come out C. come across D. come down
53. A number of doctors came_______________ of unethical behaviour.
A. in charge B. on the verge C. indicative D. under suspicion
54. It was a difficult task but we_____________________
A. ran it out B. brought it off C. turned it down D. laughed it off
55. She was tired and __________by the time she arrived home.
A. out of sorts B. at loggerheads
C. few and far between D. black and blue all over.
56. I have a little money in the bank to___________
A. make up for B. fall back on C. keep in with D. stand it for
57. The plaster had started to ______________from the wall.
A. come around B. come back C. come away D. come by
58. Time was __________ and we were nowhere near finished.
A. cracking on B. bringing down C. going down with D. letting down
59. She refused to ____________ a point of principle.
A. pull out of B. take out of C. back down on D. keep away from
60. I must ___________my Spanish before I go to Seville.
A. make up for B. break out of C. brush up on D. cut out for

Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
repeat spectacle awe grace number
just break regular Close ravel

THE SPIRAL AND THE HELIX

They are everywhere, (61)___________, curving shapes whose incredible (62)___________ contrasts so
sharply with the random world around them. We call them spirals and helices but that hardly does
(63)___________to their diversity or their significance. Over the centuries, mathematicians have identified many
different types, but the most intriguing are those that (64)_________occur in the natural world.
The need to (65)__________ the mysteries of the existence of spirals and helices has exercised some of
the best scientific brains in the world and opened the way to a number of (66)____________ in fields as widely
varied as genetics and meteorology.
The most (67)____________spirals on earth are also the most unwelcome hurricanes. Their
(68)_____________ power comes from the sun’s heat, but they owe their shape to the force caused by the rotation
of the earth. After (69)_______________years of study, however, Nature’s spirals and helices have yet to
(70)______________ all their secrets. For example, why, astronomers wonder, are so many galaxies spiral-
shaped?

There are TEN mistakes in this paragraph. Write them down & give the correction. Write your answers in the
space provided. (71 – 80)
Line 1 Skiing is one of the most popular sports in the world. According to
2 recent estimation, about one hundred million of people ski regularly or
3 occasionally.
4 Sliding across the snow on skis is also one of the most ancient methods
5 of transport known to the man. It has demonstrated that men were already
6 traveling across the snow by means of primitive skis before the invention of
7 the wheel. In the Asiatic region of Altai and in Scandinavia, for example,
8 the remains of skis have been found which dated back to 4,000 BC. Further
9 evidence is supplied by ancient cave paintings which depict people skiing,
10 and a Norway saga which tells the story of an invasion of its territory 8,000
11 years ago by a tribe of skiers who came from the north.
12 Nowadays, skiing, apart from a sport, has become a big industry and a
13 notable feature of leisure culture. Ski resorts and all the activities that they
14 generate is the main source of wealth in many mountain regions, which were
15 previously remote and accessible. And far from its once elitist image, skiing
16 is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader spectra of society.
17
III. READING
Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write your answers in the
space provided.
Although the earth was formed about 4,500 million years ago, human beings have inhabited it for less
than half a million years. Within this time, population has increased hugely and people have had a vast (1)......
upon the earth. They have long been able to (2)...... the forces of nature to use. Now, with modern technology,
they have the power to alter the balance of life on earth.
Reports back from the first astronauts helped dispel the dangerous (3)...... that the world had no boundaries
and had limitless resources. Moreover, ecologists have shown that all forms of life on earth are interconnected,
so it (4)...... that all human activity has an effect on the natural environment.
In recent years, people have been putting the environment under stress. As a result, certain (5)......
materials such as timber, water and minerals are beginning to (6)...... short. Pollution and the (7)...... of waste are
already critical issues, and the (8)...... of the environment is fast becoming the most pressing problem (9)...... us
all. The way we respond to the challenge will have a profound effect on the earth and its life support (10)...... .
1. A. imprint B. indication C. impression D. impact
2. A. put B. make C. place D. stand
3. A. judgment B. notion C. reflection D. concept
4. A. results B. follows C. complies D. develops
5. A. raw B. coarse C. crude D. rough
6. A. turn B. come C. go D. run
7. A. disposal B. displacement C. dismissal D. disposition
8. A. state B. situation C. case D. circumstance
9. A. encountering B. opposing C. meeting D. confronting
10. A. projects B. systems C. methods D. routines

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write your answers in the space
provided.
Attention Deficiency Disorder (ADD) is a neurobiological problem that affects 3-5 % of all children.
(11)________include inattentiveness and having difficulty getting organized, as well as easily becoming
(12)________. Sometimes, ADD is accompanied by hyperactivity. In these cases, the sufferer exhibits
(13)________ physical activity.
Psychostimulant drugs can be (14)________to ADD sufferers to assist them with the completion of the
desired thought processes, although they might cause (15)________. Current theory states that medication is the
only (16)_____________
action that has a sound scientific basic. This action should only be taken after an accurate diagnosis is made.
Children with ADD do not (17)________have trouble learning; their problem is that they involuntarily
(18)________their attention elsewhere. It is not only children that are (19)_______by this condition. Failure to
treat ADD can lead to lifelong emotional and behavioral problems. Early diagnosis and treatment, however, are
the key to successfully overcoming learning difficulties (20)_______with ADD.

11. A. Symptoms B. Sights C. Signs D. Signals

12. A. distracted B. dim C. divulged D. unattended
13. A. excessive B. rich C. exaggerated D. over
14. A. handed B. taken C. given D. drunk
15. A. disadvantages B. damage C. pain D. side-effects
16. A. cure B. health C. remedial D. medical
17. A. absolutely B. eternally C. necessarily D. always
18. A. switch B. carry C. move D. bring
19. A. worsened B. affected C. caused D. spoiled
20. A. combined B. associated C. made D. supplied
Read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each question. Write your answers
in the space provided.
Metaphysics and mathematics have crossed paths many times in history, and at various angles and
energies – often, but not exclusively, to their mutual benefit. In ancient civilizations, both arts were remote to
commoners, and were often practiced together in sacred temples.
But today their spheres have become separate, one dedicated to persuading human subjects, the other to
revealing truths. The Babylonians were among the first to learn the instrumental value of mathematics. They used
it to calculate the quantities of bricks required to construct edifices, and to predict the seasons and other
astronomical occurrences. But because they regarded the celestial bodies as divine, mathematics came to be
regarded also as an instrument of worship.
Likewise, the Egyptians employed geometrical methods to construct the pyramids and align them with
the sacred heavens. Reciprocally, the gods could use mathematics to communicate with believers, confounding
them to set their minds properly, or so thought Plato in interpreting the oracle’s demand that the Delians double
the volume of their altar, a task beyond Greek mathematicians. The Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus likely had
this sacred instrumentality in mind when he wrote that mathematics “reminds one of the invisible form of the
soul... [and]
awakens the mind and purifies the intellect.”
Even in the Middle Ages, numbers could represent mystical truths. The number 3 represented the Holy
Trinity, and the infinitude of the counting numbers signified the infinitudes of God. Even as late as the 20th
century, Christian mathematician Gregor Cantor believed that he could offer Christianity theology “the true theory
of the infinite.” This metaphor, however, could reach absurd levels when applied too literally, as when the number
π, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, was taken by Biblical literalists to be precisely 3, in
affirmation of the Holy Trinity. Ignorant of mathematical analysis, they took their evidence directly from the book
of Kings, which stated that a circular caAuldron in the temple of Solomon measured ten cubits across and thirty
cubits around.
Yet not even an infinite power can construct a circle ten cubits across that can be encircled with fewer
than 31.4 cubits, a fact proven centuries before the dawn of Christianity. This power of deduction to prove truths
beyond the whims of the gods has led some to posit that mathematics itself is a mystical power. The followers of
Pythagoras, the mathematekoi, took this manner of thinking to the extreme. Their creed was “all is number,” and
they regarded the pursuit of mathematical proof to be the pursuit of the divine.
Mathematics acquired its own abstract plane beyond the physical world. To the mathematekoi, the order
of nature reflected the rules of mathematics, not divine caprice. The Pythagoreans were a conspicuously
disciplined sect, eschewing meat and animal skin clothing, and seeking purity in all things.
Yet even among the mathematekoi, as often happens when humans identify too closely with the divine,
unreasoning righteousness ascended. Every new proof was celebrated, with animal sacrifices, as a confirmation
of ideological purity. Yet seeming transgressions were punished with violence. When Hipposus dared to prove
that the length of the hypotenuse of a unitary isosceles right triangle cannot be expressed as the ratio of whole
numbers, his fellow cult members threw him from a ship and drowned him. His proof refuted their religious
precept that all of reality can be described with
whole numbers and their ratios.
As Hipposus’ hypotenuse revealed, either mathematical logic or religious ideology would have to yield,
and history has favoured mathematics. Hipposus has been vindicated. The power of mathematical deduction,
properly implemented, is absolute, unlike the more human philosophies. Truth is not revealed; it is deduced.
Nature is not controlled by the capricious and obscure will of the gods, but rather by reliable and knowable
mathematical laws. Although the explorers occasionally stumble in their quest for understanding, their errors are
due to human weaknesses, not to the weakness of logic. The inexorable march of reason toward the true
understanding of nature cannot be denied.
21. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Number and Religion in the Pythagorean Cult
B. The Religious Beliefs of Great Mathematicians
C. The Contribution of Geometry to Ancient Astronomy
D. The Historical Relationship between Mathematics and Metaphysics
22. The phrase “angles and energies” refers to _____.
 A. the motions of celestial bodies
B. the rigidity of mathematical laws
C. the manner in which disciplines have intersected
D. the various interests of historians
23. The statement “But today... revealing truths” suggests that, over time, religion and mathematics have
become more ____.
A. independent
B. mystical
C. disinterested
D. difficult to understand
24. The word “spheres” most nearly means _____.
A. social groups
B. perfect forms
C. domains of influence
D. worldly objects
25 .The word “Reciprocally” is intended to convey the fact that_____
A. mathematics was thought to be a tool for both humans and the gods
B. Plato was a mathematician as well as a moral philosopher
C. the Egyptians contributed a great deal to Greek mathematics
D. priests and mathematicians often posed problems to one another
26. Plato is mentioned in paragraph 3 because he _____.
A. solved a mathematical problem that had confused the oracle
B. presented the Delians with knowledge that helped them to interpret a prophecy
C. proclaimed that mathematical knowledge was independent of religious knowledge
D. suggested that the oracle’s demand was intended to mystify the Delians
27 .The statement in paragraph 5 (“Yet not even... dawn of Christianity”) asserts the fact that _____.
A. a proven mathematical fact cannot be contradicted
B. ancient construction methods were inadequate
C. many mathematical discoveries were made after the dawn of Christianity
D. geometry was studied in great depth in the Christian era
28. In paragraph 6, “plane” most nearly means ______.
A. method of conveyance
B. level of existence
C. lack of stability
D. angle of intersection
29 . In paragraph 7, the statement “righteousness ascended” means that _____.
A. historians acquired a biased point of view
B. the Pythagoreans became ideologically intolerant
C. many people rejected the cult of Pythagoras for religious reasons
D. the cult of Pythagoras became politically divided
30. The final paragraph suggests that the “precept” mentioned in paragraph 7 was _____.
A. factually incorrect
B. proven only well after it was first declared
C. the foundation of many later discoveries
D. obvious to many other Greek thinkers

Read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each question. Write your answers in
the space provided.
We are descendants of the ice age. Periods of glaciation have spanned the whole of human existence for
the past 2 million years. The rapid melting of the continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of
the most dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet. During this interglacial time, people were caught
up in a cataclysm of human accomplishment, including the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Over the past few thousand years, the Earth’s climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and humans have
prospered exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere.
Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning. It is even possible that
life itself significantly changed the climate. All living organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and
eventually store it in sedimentary rocks within the Earth’s crust. If too much carbon dioxide is lost, too much heat
escapes out into the atmosphere. This can cause the Earth to cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land.
In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been equalized by the input
of carbon dioxide from such events as volcanic eruptions. Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning
fossil fuels and destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon dioxide. This energizes the
greenhouse effect and causes the Earth to warm. If the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually
melt.
The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Should the ice caps melt, warm
tropical waters could circle the globe and make this a very warm, inhospitable planet.
Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of 6 inches, mainly because of
the melting of glacial ice. If present warming trends continue, the seas could rise as much as 6 feet by the next
century. This could flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population lives. Delicate
wetlands, where many marine species breed, also would be reclaimed by the sea. In addition, more frequent and
severe storms would batter coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas.
The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could cause massive amounts of ice to crash
into the ocean. This would further raise the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area
of sea ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. The cycle would then
be complete as this could cause global temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age.
31. According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the following EXCEPT_______________
A. polar ice caps. B. sedimentary rocks. C. rain forests. D. fossil fuel.
32. What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The relationship between the ocean and the sun
B. The amount of sunlight reflected into space
C. A rise in global temperatures
D. The conditions that could lead to an ice age
33. Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a consequence of a large rise in global sea level?
A. The destruction of wetlands B. The flooding of cities
C. A more diverse marine population D. Severe storms
34. According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon dioxide and the Earth’s climate?
A. Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm temperatures cause the ice melt.
B. The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result of too much carbon stored in the
Earth’s crust.
C. Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the ocean.
D. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of the climate.
35. The word beneficial in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to__________
A. calm B. inviting C. thoughtful D. favorable
36. The word massive can be replaced to
A. wide B. huge C. dense D. thick
37. It can be inferred from the passage that the development of agriculture_________
A. preceded the development of animal husbandry.
B. withstood vast changes in the Earth’s climate.
C. did not take place during an ice age.
D. was unaffected by the greenhouse effect.
38. The word “this” in the third paragraph refers to____________
A. man’s upsetting the equation B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide.
C. a volcanic eruption D. the melting of the polar ice caps
39. The word “inhospitable” is closest in meaning to____________
A. imperfect B. uninhabitable C. unlikable D. cruel
40. What is the main topic of the passage?
 A. The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt
B. The coming of another ice age
C. Man’s effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
D. The climate of the Earth over the years

Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word. Write your answers in the
space provided.
For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak and
understand their language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards the end of the
nineteenth century, (41)_______ data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed, systematic investigation did not
begin until the middle decades of the twentieth century, when the tape recorder (42) _______ into routine use.
This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen
repeatedly to obscure (43) _______, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have
(44) _______ when investigating child speech are quite different from (45) _______ encountered when working
with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive
development, such as their ability to (46) _______ attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently
advanced. (47) _______ is it easy to get children to (48) _______ systematic judgments about language – a task
that is virtually impossible below the age of three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make a tape recording of a
representative sample of a child’s speech knows how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are innately
programmed to (49) _______ off as soon as they notice a tape recorder (50) _______ switched on.

Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word. Write your answers in the
space provided.
Although the rise in the global temperature by 4 per cent predicted by many scientists may not sound like
much, it is the difference between (51)________ and the last Ice Age, when huge glaciers (52)________ Europe
and most of Britain. Nobody knows exactly what would happen in a warmer world, but we do know some things.
Heat a kettle and the water inside it expands. The temperature of the world has climbed more than half a degree
this century, and the oceans have risen by at (53)________ 10 cm.
But just as it takes several minutes for a kettle to begin (54)________, so it may have taken the oceans
thirty years to swell. This means that the global warming we are now (55)________ is a result only of the carbon
dioxide we have dumped into the atmosphere up to (56)________ 1960s. Since then, the use of fossil fuels has
increased rapidly. Scientists working for the United Nations and European governments have (57)________
warning that what the Dutch and the people of the East Anglia will need to do will be to build more extensive sea
defences. Many of the world’s greater cities are at (58)________, because they are located at sea level. Miami,
almost entirely built on a sandbank, could be swept away. But the effects of (59)________ sea levels will be much
worse for the developing countries. With a metre rise in sea levels, 200 million people could become homeless.
There are other fears too, according to a recent United Nations report. The plight of the hungry in the
northern Africa could (60)________, as rainfall in the Sahara and beyond is reduced by 20 per cent.
__________________________________________________________________________________________