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PRACTICE TEST 65
PHONETIC
1. A. hotel B. post C. local D. prominent
2. A. ocean B. cushion C. illusion D. patient
3. A. blush B. push C. flush D. crush
4. A. spear B. wear C. bear D. pear
STRESS
5. A. disastrous B. humorous C. unanimous D. ambiguous
6. A. immune B. pneumonia C. insistent D. animate
7. A. redundant B. descendant C. relevant D. consultant
8. A. momentary B. commentary C. rudimentary D. monetary
ERROR CORRECTION
1. Excavations in several mounds and villages on the east bank of the Euphrates River have revealed the city of
Nebuchadnezzar, an ancient community that had been laying, under later reconstructions of the city of Babylon.
2. Gettysburg has been preserve as a national historic monument because it was the site of a major Civil War
battle in which many lives were lost.
3. A space is the last frontier for man to conquer.
4 The native people in the Americas were referred to as Indians because, according to the believe at the time,
Christopher Columbus had reached the East Indies.
5. The coal is the world’s most abundant fossil fuel.
6. The woman at that desk over there will giving you all the information you need to fill out the form.
7. In purchasing a winter coat, it is very important for trying it on with heavy clothing underneath.
8. Scientific students should study how to use a computer as well as their own subject.
9. Walter Hunt, although was not credited for many of his inventions, is known for the invention of safety-pin.
11. All Vietnamese special schools are funded by money from government and/or charity organizations
12. In fact, it was one of the first places in the USA to offer education for blind children.
13. Establishing in 1984 for students who wanted to study art and music subjects, LaGuardia was the first
public school of its kind.
14. The school has an excellent reputation both in the United States as well as internationally.
15. in grades 8 and 9 of junior high, students can sit at the Specialized High Schools Examinations.
16. The International Development Research Center in Ha Noi is creating new varieties of orchids and grow
them in water.
17. Customers dial the service provider who connects them to the Internet.
18. This gives customers access to a huge number of information worldwide.
19. In 1997, Ho Chi Minh City accounted for 7.5 per cent of Vietnam’s population and vet its citizens bought
a quarter the country’s TV sets and half the country’s VCRs.
20.When you arrive at the emergency room, a clerk will ask whether or not you have a health insurance.
IV. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 'Tm going out now."
"________you happen to pass a chemist's, would you get me some aspirins?"
A. Had B. Did C. Would D. Should
2. Don't tell anyone about this, ________?
A. do you B. won't you C. will you D. should you
3. The patient's heart-rate and breathing must be carefully________ during the operation.
A. counted B. monitored C. observed D. supervised
4. I didn't learn very much ________rny time at that college.
A. during B. throughout C. on - D. all .
5. Guy was________the conspiracy because of his friendship with the conspirators.
A. caught in B. taken in C. drawn into D. pulled by
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6 This court deals only with________crime.
A. petty B-. trivial C. small D. insignificant
7. It was decided that ________the following Thursday.
A. we met B. we would meet C. our meeting D. we still meet
3; ________we understand his reasons, we cannot condone his behaviour.
A. Even if B. Only if C. What if D. As if
9. The two trains came________ten metres of collision.
A. just B. near C. within D. almost
10. When both parents went to prison, social workers took the children________care.
A. with B. for C. into D. to
11. George decided to ________from his position as company chairman.
A. step down B. step aside C. step back D. step out
12. The police car drove into the car park and________ sharply.
A. pulled in B. pulled up C. pulled aside D. pulled about
13. The general was relieved of his command after committing one of the worst ________ in the history of
warfare.
A. faults B. defeats C. disasters D. blunders
14 ________attempts were made to reach those buried beneath the rubble of the collapsed building.
A. Strong B. Strenuous C. Energetic D. Exhausting
15. She got the job________of considerable competition.
A. in the face B. in the teeth C. regardless D. irrespective
16. You may not have liked her, but -be quite so rude?
A. should you B. did you dare to C. did you need to D. would you have to
17. In the_______ climate, it is difficult to anticipate what the political reaction will be.
A. current B. topical C. contemporary D. actual
18. John's observation was a bit wide of the_______
A- target B. mark C. point D. goal
19. Sally's remark that she was feeling worn out_______thoughts of a holiday.
A. stimulated B. provoked C. prompted D. engendered
20. Doctors are often_______to accidents in rural areas.
A. called up B. driven out C. called out D. rung up
Fill in the gap with the words provided
advice date days demand feather hands headway heart heels joke reason tooth top way will
1. The teacher didn't have to persuade his pupils to tidy the classroom up after lessons, they did it of their own
free ...............................
2. We ought to tell the director to stop giving our secret formulas away in public. If he keeps playing into the
other manufacturers' .............................. we'll never be able to make any big profits.
3. Arthur has fallen head over .............................. in love with Muriel. He does nothing but speak about her all
day round.
4. The Italian composer has been in great .............................. ever since he won the prestigious award in New
York.
5. Dental problems like caries most often affect children who tend to have a sweet .............................. and
consume large quantities of confectionery.
6.The villa has been searched from .............................. to bottom, but there has been no sign of forged money
being produced in the place.
7. Had he not had that sudden change of .............................. about going to Aspen, we would certainly be
enjoying skiing in the spa now.
8. This inn looks rather shabby, but I'm sure it saw better .............................. once.
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9. We have already tried all the possible methods to solve that puzzle, but we aren't making
any ...............................Could you drop a hint, please?
10. Doesn't this jacket look a bit out of ..............................? Why not put on something more fashionable?
11. Adam tried to be amusing and told a story which was supposed to make us laugh.
To his disappointment, none of us could take the ...............................
12. You can easily carry that bigger box, it's as light as a ...............................
13.I wish we had followed the lorry driver's .............................. to go through Reading, then we wouldn't have
strayed from the main route.
14. How long have you been sitting in the reading-room? Isn't it about time you were making
your.............................. home?
15. The price he has put for his car is beyond all ...............................It's silly to think anyone will ever pay a
thousand pounds for such a dilapidated vehicle.
V. Complete the passage
Holidays in South Carolina
Roaring across the bay in a motorised rubber boat, we were told by the captain to (0).....our eyes open. With the
engine (1)....., it wasn’t long before half a dozen dolphins came swimming around us. Eventually, two came up
(2).....beside the boat and popped their heads out of the water to give us a wide grin.
Dolphin watching is just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South Carolina, in the USA.
The state has long been popular with golfers and, with dozens of (3).....in the area, it is (4).....a golfer’s
paradise. But even the keenest golfer needs other diversions and we soon found the resorts had plenty to (5)......
In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the (6)....., is one of the most interesting cities in America and is
where the first shots in the Civil War were (7)......Taking a guided horse and carriage tour through the quiet
back streets you get a real (8).....of the city’s past. Strict regulations (9).... .. to buildings so that original
(10).....are preserved.
South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18 km long and (11) .. like a foot. It has a fantastic
sandy beach (12).....the length of the island and this is perfect for all manner of water sports. (13)......if you feel
like doing nothing, (14).....a chair and umbrella, head for an open (15) ... .. and just sit back and watch the
pelicans diving for fish.
0 A stand B keep C hold D fix
1 A turned out B turned away C turned off D turned over
2 A direct B right C precise D exact
3 A courses B pitches C grounds D courts
4 A fully B truly C honestly D purely
5 A show B provide C offer D supply
6 A beach B coast C sea D shore
7 A thrown B aimed C pulled D fired
3 A significance B meaning C sense D comprehension
9 A apply B happen C agree D occur
10 A points B characters C aspects D features
11 A formed B shaped C made D moulded
12 A lying B running C going D following
13 A Alternately B Conversely C Contrastingly D Alternatively
14 A charge B lend C hire D loan
15 A space B room C gap D place
Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution (1)......................is as complicated as it is serious. It is
complicated (2).........................much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example,
(3) ......................from automobile causes a large percentage of air pollution. But automobile
(4).....................transportation for millions of people. Factories (5) ......................much of material that pollutes
air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people.
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Thus, to end (6) ..................... greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many
things that (7) ......... ........them. Most of people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be
(8) .....................reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount
of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that
(9).................. businesses and (10).....................to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.
1. A. work B. problem C. accident D.event
2.A. because B. so C. that D. while
3. A. exhaust B. fire C. gas D. liquid
4. A. carries B. takes C. affords D. provides
5. A', offer B. bring C. discharge D.cause
6. A. to B. or C. so D. that
7. A. benefit B.harm C. motivate D. encourage
8 A. little B. gradually C. so D. only
9. A. require B. forbid C. prevent D. request
10. A. commercials B. surroundings C. individuals D. traffic
VI. Read the passage carefully and complete it with ONE suitable word
The Sahara Marathon
1 One of the (0)..... amazing marathon races in the world is the Marathon of the Sands. It takes place
every April in the Sahara Desert in the south of Morocco, a part of the world (1).....temperatures can reach forty
degrees centigrade. The standard length of a marathon is 42.5 kilometres but (2)..... one is 230 kilometres long
and takes seven days to complete. It began in 1986 and now attracts about two hundred runners, the majority of
(3)..... ages range from seventeen to forty-seven. About half of (4)..... come from France and the rest from all
over the world. From Britain it costs £1,750 to enter, (5)..... includes return air fares. The race is rapidly (6).....
more and more popular (7)......or perhaps because of, the harsh conditions that runners must endure. They have
to carry food and (8)..... else they need (9) .... . seven days in a rucksack weighing no more than twelve
kilograms. In (10)..... to this, they are given a litre and a half of water every ten kilometres. Incredibly, nearly
(11).....the runners finish the course. (12) .... . man, Ibrahim El Joual, has taken part in every race since 1986.
Runners do suffer terrible physical hardships. Sometimes they lose toenails and skin peels (13)..... their feet.
However, doctors are always on hand to deal (14)..... minor injuries and to make sure that runners do not push
(15).....too far.
2 My first holiday in France suddenly made me realize how a child must feel trying to make himself
understood without an (1)...................... command of language. When I went shopping I used to rehearse my
various set phrases for each market stall and choosing (2).................that were not busy, 1 would edge near,
trying to (3)...................... someone’s eye. The words never came out as I intended, but nods, smiles, pointing
and a (4).................isolated words (with no refinements such as verbs correctly conjugated) served the
(5)..................well, and I felt wonderfully triumphant.
The stallholders were friendly and unfailingly helpful (6)...................seeing that I got what I wanted and
(7)................... I understood the financial part of the transaction. They also offered me
(8)...................encouragement to learn new words and phrases and I even began to talk about the weather, the
sea and the sand. And (9).............one of them began to correct my grammar, but I was too young and sensitive
and was (10)..........;......... into confusion. I reverted to feeling.anxious and afraid of trying in case I was wrong.
VII. Give the correct form of the word
1. We have already distributed a couple of these samples, but most of our products are still being kept
in ..............................(STORE) .
2. The inventor's design has turned out to be a great ..............................(COMMERCE)success.
3. ’Did she say fifty pounds?' 'No, I thought she said twenty pounds.' 'Now then, I guess there must have been
some............................(UNDERSTAND).'
4. 'Do you often spend so much money on gambling?'
'Oh no, I only gamble.............................. (OCCASION).'
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5. Helen is a bit jealous of her sister's greater ..............................(ATTRACT) with the boys. Anyway, she tends
to say too many nasty jokes about Mary's boyfriends.
6. Shall I believe this ..............................(CONVINCE) story of yours? Mark, stop acting like a child and tell
me the whole truth, please.
7. At least four people were killed in the ..............................(DREAD) accident on the motorway this morning.
8. The Bulgarian sportsman was immediately ..............................(QUALIFY) after the traces of steroids were
discovered in his blood samples.
9. Will it be necessary for you to make any ..............................(CORRECT) in this version of your dissertation?
10. The brave policemen from the anti-terrorist squad were honoured by the secretary of state for their effective
action of ..............................(ARM) a group of dangerous hijackers.
11. 'Who is in ..............................(AUTHOR) of the fire department?' 'I think Mr Dodson supervises it.'
12. Let's pay our debt of ..............................(GRATEFUL) to Sara for looking after our children by asking her
to spend this Easter with us.
13. Everybody has been astonished by the goalkeeper's unexpected ........................... (DRAW) from the
Olympic team. It’s interesting who is going to take his place now.
14. Very soon their noisy parties became ..............................(TOLERATE) to the neighbours who asked the
police to intervene
15. The village residents remained ..............................(SPEAK) with terror when the earth shook.
Mozart’s Chamber Music Tuesdays 7.30 pm - 9.30 pm Mozart’s chamber worlds represent the summit of
(16)..... attainment. Students will be introduced to several of his finest (17)......with particular (18) on examining
a variety of instrumental forms: string quartet, trio, sonata, quintet, etc. No (19)..... musical expertise is
required, although student (20)..... during discussion of the works will be encouraged.
Music and Literature Wednesdays 10 am - 12 noon Music and literature generate great emotion, but they appear
to work in different ways. This course examines the (21).....between these art forms and their (22).....of similar
themes. Course materials will come from a wide range ofboth musical and (23)..... genres, including sound,
opera and oratoria, poetry, the novel and drama.
(16) CLASSIC (17) COMPOSE (18) EMPHASISE (19) PRACTICE
(20) PUT (21) CONNECT (22) TREAT (23) LITERATE
Media attention has (24).....the appeal of home exchange over the past few years and many thousands of people
make (25)..... to exchange their homes in order to provide a holiday either in the UK or (26)......
Awareness of such schemes has grown (27)...... particularly in North America, which has increased the choice
of exchange homes available. This can be a neat holiday (28)..... for those who prefer more freedom and
(29).....when on holiday. However, it is only really suitable for those who have few anxieties about their own
homes being occupied in their (30)......
Aside from the obvious cost advantage, there is the (31).....of self-catering and the opportunity to see beyond
the normal tourist experience.
(24) WIDE (25) ARRANGE (26) SEA (27) DRAMA
(28) SOLVE (29) DEPEND (30) ABSENT (31) FLEXIBLE
1. Her resignation was an unfortunate............................................................OCCUR
2. My brother lives in an attractive..........................part of Paris RESIDE
3. He was charged with being an............................to murder. ACCESS
4. Heavy rain and excessive use have..................the soil. POOR
5. The alpine.......................is very dramatic. LAND
6. Leisure habits won’t change much in the.................future. SEE
7. It is very rude to interrupt someone in........................................................SENTENCE
8. The cost of....................to the show is quite reasonable. ADMIT
9. When Jenny made up for the play, she was...-........................RECOGNIZE
10. Tom was accused of stealing some....................documents CONFIDENCE
fortun correct possible satisfy intelligence adequate able appropriate patience polite
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My attempt to teach myself Spanish has been unsuccessful so far and I am wondering whether I am simply
(1).....................to learn foreign languages at my age. 1 am not (2)................and neither am I (3.)....................
so why have I found it almost (4)..................to learn more than just the basics of Spanish after nearly six
months of study? My vocabulary is (5)....................beyond very basic expressions and my grammar is
(6).....................to stay the least. It is not only that my Spanish is (7)................but I suspect I sound very
(8)................ too. Recently, I met a Cuban tourist in a cafe and (9)......................1 must have said something
(10)......................because she looked very offended and got up and sat at another table.
1. The band performed very ____________________ in the concert last night. (IMPRESS)
2. Teenagers always try to be ____________________ of their parents. (DEPEND)
3. The advantage of living in the countryside is that the air is ____________________. (POLLUTE)
4. Her boring essay is the ____________________ one that I have ever read. (LENGTH)
5. My opinion is that ghosts are ____________________. There are no ghosts in this world. (EXIST)
6. At the end of the concert, the audience gave the young pianist a(n) ____________________ ovation.
(STAND)
7. The university has ____________________ the use of dictionaries during language examinations.
(AUTHOR)
8. A dilemma is a situation where a difficult choice has to be made between two, sometimes unpleasant,
____________________ (ALTERNATE)
9. It is very difficult to find Mrs. Burton’s shop, for it was ____________________ from all others in the street.
(DISTINGUISH)
10. When we arrived at the hotel, we were amazed at the ____________________ hospitality of the fans.
(COMPARE)
1. ____________________ is what he takes up as a hobby. (CARPENTER)
2. I wish I had her ____________________ hair. (MANAGE)
3. The fire was ____________________, and the loss was high. (CONTROL)
4. She is always ____________________ and polite in front of the elders. (BEHAVE)
5. I don’t think the students are ____________________; they did their best. (BLAME)
6. I didn’t know about John’s ____________________. (DEPART)
7. I didn’t, in the ____________________, enjoy my holiday. (LITTLE)
8. There will be no extra-curricular activities in the ____________________ future. (SEE)
9. The idea that the sun ‘rises’ is a popular ____________________. (CONCEIVE)
10. After a six-month course, his English ____________________ is really something. (ACQUIRE)
1. I hate working in ____________________ offices. I always catch colds. (CONDITION)
2. I can’t come out tonight. I’ve got a(n) ____________________ arrangement to have dinner with my brother.
(STAND)
3. Sarah is a very ____________________ young man. She never acts impulsively. (HEAD)
4. I wouldn’t describe my family as ____________________ but as children we never had to go without.
(GOOD)
5. The athlete strode ____________________ towards the starting line, knowing that he could win the race.
(PURPOSE)
6. The educational system is very ____________________ as the number of university places is limited.
(COMPETE)
7. Training four times a day, seven days a week is ____________________ as it can damage your health.
(ADVICE)
VIII. Fill in correct prepositions in each gap
1. He decided to make a claim........................damages to his car.
A. for B. on C. about D. in
2. We lay in the sun until our bodies felt saturated...................the heat.
A. up B. with C. upon D. within
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3. Some very important issues was taking...........................all his attention.
A. up B. on C. out D. within
4. He.................by pointing out the dangers involved in rock climbing.
A. started on B. started off C. started up D. started out
5. She.....................till the early hours listening to pop music.
A. held me up B. caught me up C. kept me up D. took me up
6. Old Mr. Browivs condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will.............
A. pull through B. pull lip C. pull back D. pull out
7. I’m so tired that I can't take..................what you're saying.
A. up B. out C. in D. on
8. Lack of sleep over the last few months is finally.......................Jane.
A. catching up with B. getting on with C. coming over D. putting on
9. Marianne seemed to take..................at my comments on her work.
A. annoyance B. insult C. offence D. indignation
10.1 didn’t set.....................to start an argument, it just happened.
A. off B. out . C. about D. up
IX. Complete phrasal verbs
boil break brush cover cut dry ease freshen give know let look rule think walk
1. We were .............................. down by the actors who had promised to support our action, but didn't appear
at the charity event.
2. The twin brothers are so much alike. It's interesting how their parents can .............................. them apart.
3. ‘How many metres of this cloth do I need to..............................up into two skirts?'
Two metres should be enough, madam.’
4. It's been pouring heavily since early morning and it doesn't look like the rain is going to ..............................
off soon.
5. The drinking water supplies had .............................. up quickly and the castaways were forced to penetrate
the desert island thoroughly in search of fresh resources.
6. Alfred is said to be an enormously generous person. He often .............................. of his savings for help
towards the homeless.
7. The conflict in the production department.............................. down to the employees’ dissatisfaction with
their wages. There’s nothing more to it.
8. Firstly, you should .............................. through the possible consequences of your actions before taking any
rash decisions.
9. Sandra's been offered a job of an interpreter in Madrid. But, I guess she will have to .............................. up on
her Spanish before she is fully accepted.
10. 'What does die Vorstellung mean?' 'I don't know............................... it up in your German dictionary.'
11. I'm feeling awfully tired, so I'd better go and .............................. myself up with a good bath.
12. Further obstacles cannot be definitely .............................. out, but it's our obligation to carry on with the
investigation until it's complete.
13. There are rumours that the ministers have tried to .............................. up the news of the recent affair so as
not to lose face with the public.
14.'How old were you when the war .............................. out?' 'I was in my teens then.'
15 ’What's wrong with Mr Downey?' 'Oh, he's been down in the dumps since his wife .............................. out on
him last month.'
Fill in each gap with an appropriate phrasal verb
go for , turn up look after take after hold up go in for look into go off
try out run out of get over do away with call off go along with come up with
1. The trouble with Frank is that he never.....................on time for meetings.
2. Johnson, I’d like you to........................this complaint we received this morning.
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3. The bomb...........................with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
4. He was walking through the park when a strange dog suddenly ...............................him.
5. I won’t be a minute, Jan. I just want to.......................my new tape recorder.
6. You can’t have a sandwich, I’m afraid. We’ve................................bread.
7. Yes, I’ll.....................that.
8. Because of a heavy downpour, the proposed open-air conceit had to be..................................
9. Why don’t you....................................the “Miss United Kingdom” contest, Ulla? I’m sure you’d win it.
10. John, would you................................my handbag while I go to the toilet?
11. I wonder who first.......................................the idea of wearing seatbelts in cars?
12. What a lovely baby. He certainly....................................his father, doesn’t he? .
13. My father still hasn’t really....................................the death ‘of my mother.
14. Because of an accident on the line between Brighton and Victoria, my train was............................for several
hours.
15. I’ve been feeling so depressed lately that I feel tempted to................................... myself.
X. Trios
1........................................
• When the new coach took over, he realized there was still_for improvement. Firstly, they needed to beef up
the defence.
• This desk in our study takes up too much_I think we should give it away.
• With the timetable set and all the students ready to start the academic year, there was little_for manoeuvre
when two teachers were injured in a car crash.
2........................................
• There is free_to all the museums on our tour which might be good news for budget conscious visitors.
• His resignation was instantly interpreted as an_of failure. Despite frantic efforts to revive the company, it
recorded losses for the third time in a row.
• Because Liam was completely drunk he was refused_to the disco and had to go home.
3........................................
• Though the educational system puts a lot of pupils under enormous _, hardly anything is being done to
improve it.
• I’d like to_the importance of regular mental exercise that will make you feel challenged.
• The primary_should be placed on the first syllable, not the second.
4........................................
• It was widely believed in the Middle Ages that some people could turn into werewolves when the moon was_.
To feed her three babies, she was forced to work__time in a Chinese takeaway.
• The cost of the stay includes_board and unlimited use of our sports facilities. So feel free to pamper yourself.
5......................!.................
• Young talented football players can_enormously if they are given the chance to learn from the best.
• It’s not a picnic to live on unemployment__in Poland. Each day is a struggle.
• With the__of hindsight, it was obvious that the security measures hadn’t been adequate enough to stop the
attack.
IDIOMS
use your dictionary to explain the meaning of the following idioms
take the mickey out of sb: make light of sth
to be no laughing matter it’s no joke
loud and clear speak your mind
matter-of-fact take no for the answer
get a word in edgeway beside the point
doesn’t know the meanig of word word for word
the small/fine print a tall order
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a matter of opinion a question mark
XI. Writing
1. I think going to see the match is preferable to staying at home in the afternoon.
Rather than.................................................................................................................
2. Have they got anything against our sleeping in their tent? (mind)
....................................................................................................................................?
3. Several runners have withdrawn from the race because of health problems, (backed)
4. Who is going to dismantle this engine?
.........................................................................................................................pieces?
5. Despite numerous mistakes in the procedures, the trial is still being continued.
.......................................................................................................................progress.
6. Could I stay with you for the weekend? (PUT)

7. The service given by the bank has improved recently. (IMPROVEMENTS)

8. They are letting the well-known gang leader out of prison tomorrow. (RELEASED)

9. Is this the only way to reach the city center?

Isn’t
10. I have never seen such a mess in my life!
Never
11. The weather is probably not going to change.
There
12. I’d made up my mind, but at the last minute I lost my confidence. (FEET)
I’d made
13. I couldn’t help smiling when he told me of his plan. (A STRAIGHT FACE)

14. He seemed to be worried about something. (IMPRESSION)

15. I’ve never seen anyone play so skillfully before. (MUCH)

16. When should we collect the books we ordered last week? (SUPPOSED)

17. His memory gradually failed as he grew old.

The older
18. The house has got everything except for a large garden. (LACKS)

19. I hardly think she will agree to give you a pay rise. (LIKELIHOOD)

20. I remained neutral during their disagreement because I like both of them. (SIDES)

21. A great many people will congratulate her if she wins. (SHOWERED)

22. I’m annoyed with you for not phoning me to say you’d be late. (MIGHT)

23. She thought she had paid the bill but she hadn’t.
She was
24. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
The house
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25. This affair doesn’t concern you.
This
26. Naturally, they will deduct points if you arrive late. PENALISED

27. The model’s clothes lay all over the floor. STREWN

28. Our new director wants you to call her “Madam”. ADDRESSED

29. I can’t say I enjoy it when people tear my writing to pieces in front of me. HAVING

30. We’ll have to make up our minds by the ed of the week, won’t we? BE

31. It’s just possible the hotel may need more staff in the summer. RULLED

32. Surely nobody likes it when people make fun of them in public. BEING

33. Never forget that the customer is always right. BỎNE

34. This school-leaver’s qualifications are not adequate for such a damanding job, are they? SUFFICENTLY

35. When she left home, she had to do everything on her own. FEND

36. Most of the students ignored what the teacher was saying.
Few.............................................................................................................
37. She discovered eight new comets in the course of her work.
Her work resulted..................................................
38. I find it surprising that she didn’t like her present.
I would..............................................................
39. This scheme is too risky for my liking.
The risks.............................................................
40. If you don’t believe in it, you’ll never be able to do it.
Believe..............................................................
41. The police arrived as the thieves were committing the crime RED-HANDED

42. We don’t seem to have much sugar left! RUNNING

43. He celebrated his birthday last Saturday. PLACE

44. They lost not only their money but their passports as well. ADDITION

45. Bad weather delayed the flight. DUE

XII. Reading
1. Gapped text
For questions 1-6, you must choose which of the paragraphs A-G on page 59 fit into the numbered gaps in the
following newspaper article. There is one extra paragraph, which does not fit in any of the gaps. Indicate your
answers on the separate answer sheet.
Plugging in the home
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Georgina McGuiness had taken a long career break from journalism and she felt out of touch with the changes
brought about by technology. She recounts here how she was able to transform the family home into an
efficient workplace.
The Christmas before last l turned 37 and realised that time was running out if I wanted to resurrect a career in
journalism - which I believed had been washed down the plug-hole ... the technological plug-hole.
A quick glance at my curriculum vitae showed that I was shamefully stuck in the 1980s, when a piece of
carbon wedged in between several sheets of paper in a typewriter was the state of the art. It seemed that only a
madman would let me loose on a computer in his newsroom. And why did most of the jobs advertised ask for
experience in desktop publishing - which I didn't have?
1
Clearly, there was a gaping hole in what was left of my career and I had to act quickly. Leaving home before
the children did would be fraught with obstacles, or so I thought until I entered a competition in a local
newspaper. Like a success story you read or hear about that only ever happens to other people, my family and
I won a computer package.
2
I had everything I would need for working from home - and I could still manage to take the children to school.
They were confident with computers from the start, already well versed in them from school. I was much
more hesitant, convinced that all my work would disappear without trace if I pressed the wrong button. I could
not have been more wrong.
3
I recently began freelancing for a magazine, contributing about two articles a month, and I have become smug
in the knowledge that I have the best of two worlds.
So how has the computer helped me? Since my schooldays I have always worked at a desk that can only be
described as a chaotic mess.
4
Spreadsheets help keep a record of income and expenses, and pre-formatted invoices and letterheads have
saved me a lot of time and effort. For a journalist, getting on-line with the Internet means I can research
stories, ask for further information on the bulletin board in the journalism or publishing forums and even
discuss the pros and cons of working from home with people from all over the world.
5
However, there is a growing band of people who have recently bought multi-media PCs, not just for the
educational, leisure and entertainment facilities. In my street alone there appears to be a new type of technical
cottage industry evolving from the sheer convenience of not having to join the commuter struggle into the city
each day. So what characterises home workers as we move into the next century?
6
Taking this into account, I seem to be well ahead of schedule. And who knows, one day I might be e-mailing a
column to a newspaper in Melbourne or, better still, publishing my own magazine from home. It seems the
sky, or should I say cyberspace, is the limit.
A Consequently, I was always losing scraps of paper containing vital bits of information. The computer has
transformed me into an organised worker, particularly when it comes to office administration.
B If all this sounds too good to be true, there is a dark side to computing from home. You can be in isolation
from physical human contact. There are the distractions of putting urgent jobs about the house first, and when
the children are home there are power struggles in our house over whose turn it is to use the computer.
C To get an idea of the speed and convenience with which someone based at home can send their work back
to the office, this article will be sent in a matter of minutes via a modem straight into the editor's computer.
D I thought I had a better chance of hosting a seminar in nuclear physics than attempting to lay out a page on a
computer. I was the family technophobe; even pocket calculators were a mystery to me and I still don't know
how to use the timer on the video
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E A report entitled PC Usage in UK Homes provides the following profile of the millennium computer user:
38 and well educated; 93% own a personal computer and 32% have a CD-ROM device; 38% have a laser
printer and 50% a modem.
F Though far from being adroit, 1 did manage to learn the basic skills I needed - it was all so logical, easy and
idiot-proof. And, like everything that you persevere with, you learn a little more each day.
G Supplied with a laptop computer to free my husband from his desk, and a personal computer for us all, we
dived in at the deep end into a strange new world and terms such as cyberspace, Internet and surfing became
commonplace in our vocabulary. We took to chatting like old pals via the Internet to strangers around the
world. The children forsook the television and I set up a mini-office in a corner of the kitchen with a
telephone-answering facility, a fax machine, a CD-ROM, and a modem linking me into the information
superhighway.
Island Biogeography Model
Since the 1960s, scientists have been studying the composition and stability of island communities.
Specifically, they have been interested in what it takes to maintain life in these isolated areas. As a result, they
developed the island biogeography model, a model that not only provides information on island populations,
but also provides insights into conservation.
The island biogeography model theorizes that the number of different species on an island will maintain
equilibrium, or a state of balance, amid the fluid, changes of immigration and extinction. In other words, the
number of species on an island remains constant. In an experiment in the US state of Florida, islands of
mangrove trees were found to house many different species of arthropods. Scientists documented the numbers
and types of species. They then sprayed insect poison over the islands, destroying all of the arthropods there.
They observed the islands over the next year, as species of arthropods from the area surrounding the mangrove
islands moved onto the island and repopulated it. Within a year, the number of species of arthropods was almost
identical to what it had been before spraying the poison. However, the scientists soon discovered that the
individual species were not identical to the ones that had been there before. So, while the number of species
was the same, the diversity of species was quite different. This study proves that although the species number
remains constant, the types of species do not.
The island biogeography model can also apply in places that are not technically islands. In fact, the islands used
in this research were man-made, isolated areas that had been created to meet an ever-increasing demand for
land and natural resources. These islands form when humans clear out vast amounts of vegetation for arable
land and living space. Their actions cut off small areas of land and forest from larger communities, such as
when loggers separate a small parcel of forest area from the larger forest. Hence, these isolated pockets become
“islands," or areas separated from their larger communities.
By reducing areas of land into islands, humans have a significant impact on wildlife. The island biogeography
model states that the larger the island, the higher the rate of extinction. EH A) This is due in part to a larger
number of species coming to the island to colonize it. As new species immigrate, there begins a competition for
resources on the island. 13 B) Since there is a fixed-amount of resources on any given island, some species will
not survive in the struggle. H C) On a smaller island, the rate of extinction would be lower, and so would the
corresponding immigration of new species. M D) The more isolated these small islands are, the fewer species
they are able to sustain, Certain species of birds and animals may only be found on these islands. If they lose
the competition for resources, they, will be gone forever, For example, the Bogor Botanical Garden in
Indonesia was created fifty years ago, leaving an isolated woodland area where lush forest had once been.
Twenty of the sixty-two original species of exotic birds have disappeared completely, and four species are
severely endangered.
The model scientists developed has provided beneficial information regarding the conservation of these
areas that are threatened by man’s need for resources.-While the" demand for land and natural resources
will continue, many feel that with planning and a concerted these precious island ecosystems can be
preserved to some degree. One solution suggests that a natural corridor be sustained between the isolated
communities. For example, scientists in the Netherlands are looking at the possibility of leaving paths of trees
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and shrubs between these islands. They feel it will aid in maintaining the diversity of species there, The island
biogeography model has inspired biologists to begin researching conservation methods. Such methods include
the establishment of nature reserves and programs to help plan the use of land in a way that would protect the
^natural habitat as much as possible.
It is a harsh reality that much of the life on these islands cannot be sustained. Some Species will
inevitably become extinct. The island biogeography model first started as a %ay to explain life in the
communities of these isolated ecosystems", but has developed into a catalyst that has sparked heavier
conservation efforts on behalf of these endangered habitats, The model has served as a tool that has opened the
eyes of many who hope to conserve as much tropical forest life as possible.
51. The word fluid in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) unpredictable (B) unstable (C) changing (D) graceful
52. The word they in paragraph 2 refers to
(A) species (B) arthropods (C) mangrove trees (D) scientists
53. Why does the author discuss the mangrove tree islands in Florida?
(A) To demonstrate the equilibrium hypothesis
(B) To contrast man-made and natural islands
(C) To explain the origin of the island biogeography model
(D) To confirm the research regarding immigration
54. According to paragraph 4, why is the extinction rate higher on larger islands?
(A) Larger islands house a larger number of predators.
(B) The rate of immigration is higher on larger islands.
(C) Newer species take over all the resources.
(D) They house a number of older species.
55. Which of the following is NOT true about the repopulation of islands?
(A) Nature tends to keep the islands in equilibrium.
(B) Immigration balances species extinction.
(C) The number of species usually remains constant.
(D) The diversity of the species stays the same.
56. The word sustain in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) cultivate (B) encounter (C) feed (D) support
57. The word they in paragraph 4 refers to
(A) species (B) resources (C) birds (D) island places
58. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4?
(A) Man’s destruction of nature must come to a halt to preserve island life.
(B) Endangered species will be saved when humans stop creating isolated islands.
(C) Species will maintain equilibrium if these islands are left untouched.
(0) Most island extinctions are caused by human's need for resources.
59. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect
answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) Life in isolated areas can be conserved despite the high demand for natural resources.
(B) With planning, substitutes for natural resources can be found and island life preserved.
(C) The number of islands can be reduced, so more species will survive the danger of extinction.
60. The word catalyst in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) means (B) process (C) awareness (D) legislation
61. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
However, while many of the island’s older inhabitants may lose out to newer species, the number of species on
the island will stay the same.
Where would the sentence best fit?
(A) First square (B) Second square , (C) Third square (D) Fourth square
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62: All of the following are correct about the island biogeography model EXCEPT;
(A) The model provided essential information regarding conservation.
(B) The equilibrium hypothesis was proved true on an island of arthropods.
(C) Scientists discovered ways to control the number of species becoming extinct.
(D) The research mainly studied islands created by man’s need for resources.
63. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the
summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some
answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage
or are minor ideas in the passage.
This passage describes the island biogeography model with its equilibrium hypothesis in the preservation
of endangered species in isolated areas.
Answer Choices
(A) The experiment in Florida confirmed that the number of arthropods stayed the same upon repopulation.
(B) The trial in the Netherlands should provide beneficial information for conservation efforts.
(C) The study revealed that the number of species on an island stays in balance while the composition of
species can vary greatly.
(D) The model led to efforts to conserve as many habitats as possible through natural corridors and planned
land use.
(E) Unless steps are taken, more and more species will become endangered and extinct.
(F) Scientists began with a study of the stability and makeup of island communities and made important
discoveries.’
(D) The danger of extinction can be lessened if humans work to conserve natural energy and resources.