CE 08: Hydraulics

Joben C. Guevarra jcguevarra1.rtu@gmail.com

Consultation: By Appointment

COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course emphasizes the continuity equation, energy equation, and momentum equation. Familiarization of the
properties of common liquids in the study of hydraulics. Application of fundamental principles to solve problems
involving liquid pressure and corresponding forces resulting from this pressure. Applications of appropriate
equations in performing calculations involving flow velocity, flow rate and forces exerted by moving liquids in
closed conduits and open channels. Familiarization and applications of flow measuring devices such as orifice,
weirs, pitot tube.

Credit: 6 units (5 units Lecture, 1 unit Laboratory)

Prerequisite: MECH02 – Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
CE04 - Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the student is expected to:
1. Discuss the different liquid properties that are involved in the determination of pressure, forces, and flow;
2. Discuss the Continuity Equation with reference to the conservation of mass, Energy Equation with reference
to the Euler equation, and Momentum Equation with reference to the 2nd Law of Newton on motion;
3. Perform calculations related to (2.a) fluid pressure and forces with the liquid is at rest, (2.b) flow velocity, flow
rate, pressure, and forces when liquid is flowing in pipes and open channels, (2.c) flow velocity and flow rates
in conjunction with different flow measuring devices.

CLASS POLICIES AND REQUIREMENTS

1. Attendance will be checked. A student who is absent for more than 8 lecture and laboratory classes will be given a
grade of INC provided that all requirements for the class are submitted.

2. Students will be evaluated based on their performance in 3 Long Exam (LE), and Computational Laboratory (CL).

3. Complaints regarding exam results will be entertained for a period of one week after the graded exam has been
returned.

4. Grading System:
LE – 75%
CL - 25%
Total - 100%

5. Grading Scale
Final Average Equivalent Grade Final Grade Equivalent Grade
97-100 1.00 83 – below 85 2.25
94 - below 97 1.25 80 – below 83 2.50
91 – below 94 1.50 78 – below 80 2.75
88 – below 91 1.75 75 – below 78 3.00
85 – below 88 2.00 below 75 5.00

6. A student who misses an exam due to valid reasons (e.g. illness, etc.) shall be given the opportunity to take one
make-up examination.

7. Students are required to TURN OFF their cellphones and other communication devices during examination hours.

8. Intellectual dishonesty will be penalized with a grade of 5.0 and a possible expulsion from the university.
Intellectual dishonesty includes:
 • copying a classmate’s exam answers or homework
• allowing a classmate to copy one’s exam answers or homework
• possessing and/or using cheat devices during an examination

REFERENCES
1. C.T. Crowe, J. A. Roberson and D.F. Elger, “Engineering
Fluid Mechanics” 9th Edition “, Copyright 2005 by John
Wiley & Sons, Inc
2. J.F. Cruise, M.M. Sheriff, V.J Singh, “Elementary
Hydraulics” International Student Edition, Copyright 2007,
Thopmson, Canada
3. A. Chadwick and J. Morfett, “Hydraulics in Civil and
Environmental Engineering”, Copyright 1993 by F&FN
Spon
4. R.E. Featherstone and C. Nalluri, “Civil Engineering
Hydraulics” 3rd Edition “, Copyright 1995 by Blackwell
Science Ltd

COURSE OUTLINE

1) Common liquid properties

2) Hydrostatic pressure and forces
3) Fluid’s flow equations:
4) Volume flow rate
5) Mass flow rate
6) Weight Flow rate
7) Continuity equation
8) Energy Equation
9) Momentum equation
10) Flow in closed Conduits
11) Resistance formula: Hagen-Poiseuille equation, Darcy-Weisbach formula, Colebrook –White
12) Minor losses in pipes
13) Losses due to friction
14) Pipe connecting two reservoirs
15) Reservoir problems
16) Pipe in series
17) Parallel pipes
18) Pipe Networks
19) Water Hammer
20) Open channel
21) Uniform flow
22) Flow resistance formula
23) Efficient section
24) Specific Energy
25) Rapidly Varied Flow (Hydraulic Jump)
26) Gradually Varied Flow
27) Flow measurements
28) Orifice
29) Venturi meter
30) Weirs