English For Academic and Professional Purposes

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes
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11
English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

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COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet in Education for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley) Regional

Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
“No copy of this materials shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational purposes
and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and the
copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from the material for commercial purposes and profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director ESTELA L. CARIŇO, EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director RHODA T. RAZON, EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent MADELYN L. MACALLING, PhD, CESO VI
Assist. Schools Division Supt. EDNA P. ABUAN, PhD
DANTE J. MARCEL, PhD, CESO VI
Chief Educ. Supervisor, CLMD OCTAVIO V. CABASAG, PhD
Chief Education Supervisor, CID RODRIGO V. PASCUA, EdD
Development Team
Writers : Ruel Bayucan, Percila A. Corrales, Aileen Joy A. Mora, Edlyn M.
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Language Editor Loren C. Tabugay, Jonalyn D. Callueng, Marisa Furigay, Vina
Layout Artist
: Calixto O. Calixto, Highway Region NHS, SDO Isabela
Focal Persons
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Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02

Regional Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Differentiating Language Used in Academic
Texts from Various Disciplines
Background Information for Learners

Academic writing is clear, concise, focused, structured, and backed up by
evidence. Its purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding. It has a formal tone
and style, but it is not complex and does not require the use of long sentences
and complicated vocabulary. Each subject discipline has certain writing
conventions, vocabulary, and types of discourse. However, there are some
general characteristics of academic writing that are relevant across all disciplines.
As a student, you will be asked to write different kinds of academic texts

by your teachers. It is important that you know the basic text types or genres in
various disciplines. In writing, genre refers to any category of written text that has
a particular set of rules or conventions. Some examples of writing genres are
critical reports, essays, case studies, book or film reviews, reflective diaries, and
research proposals. The following are the three general disciplines that involves
academic writing: Sciences, Humanities, Business.
Sciences are generally divided into four main branches: natural, social,
formal, and applied sciences. The following table shows some specific disciplines
that fall under each main branch:
Natural Science Social Science Formal Science Applied Science

Physics Anthropology
Biology Social Science Mathematics Medicine
Chemistry Sociology Logic Engineering
Earth Science Psychology
PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Academic writing in the sciences is mainly done to inform the readers or to

persuade them (by supporting a claim). For whatever reason, the information you
will present must be based on verifiable data gathered through research or
experimentation. Writing in the sciences requires precision in the use of
terminology, simple and direct language, objectivity, and clarity. All
information must be well supported by evidence and reliable sources.
Learning Competency:
MELC: Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2
Directions and Instructions

Hello, learner! You are about to check your learning/s on the different language used in
academic texts from various disciplines in a five-stage exploration (1-Load, 2-Engage,
3-Advance, 4-Refine, 5-Nurture). Just follow the instructions given for every task.
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the activity
package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on (____________________).
LOAD
Activity 1: Exploring Academic Disciplines
Consider the following circle of your teachers. They are all asking you to conduct
research in different ways using a variety of sources. Pretend that you are going to do
what is required in each subject. Put a check mark on the third column of the table which
must be considered when writing your research.

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You are going to
conduct your own I expect you to
experiment and then incorporate at
compare the results to least fifteen lines
your study presented of poetry in your
in the book. research paper.
Teacher Vina
Modern Poetry Back up your
work with at
least two
Teacher David firsthand
Biology Teacher Regie sources such
History
as photos,
documents
and artifacts.
Choose a
modern Find a
product that minimum of
is selling well five
and critique experiments
the marketing that show the
techniques characteristic
involved. of silver.
Teacher Gian Teacher Pinky

Marketing Chemistry
1. The kind of audience I must consider a. Academics

when writing my research is:
b. The general public,
friends or family
2. The content of my research must be : a. Of serious thought
b. Of general interest or
personal
3. The kind of sentences that I must use a. Complex sentences
are: with considerable
variety in construction

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b. Mostly simple
sentences joined by
conjunctions such as
“and” or “but”
4. As to its style, I must remember that: a. Formal language is
expected and
colloquial expressions
are not
acceptable
b. Colloquial words or
expressions are
acceptable (“stuff”
“sort of” or “thing”)
5. The structure of my research must be: a. Clear and well-
planned, logical flow
b. Less likely to be as
clear and organized
6. When considering grammar, it is: a. Likely to be error free
b. Freer use of grammar.
Not always complete
sentences
7. Vocabulary must be: a. Subject-specific and
academic language
used accurately
b. Everyday vocabulary.
Use of short forms,
idioms and slang to
some extent
ENGAGE
Activity 2. FORMAL VS. INFORMAL LANGUAGE.
Directions: In most of your subjects, you are required to use academic form of writing.
Work on the following activities to learn more about formal and informal language.
2.A. Read the following sentence from a student’s essay:
Articles on women's sports were placed on the left page and often at the bottom,
which is a place skipped by many readers.
Which two sentences below express the same idea using more formal
language? Put a check mark before the number.
____1. Articles on women’s sports were placed on the left page, often at the bottom,
which is an area often overlooked by readers.
which is an area most readers jump over.

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which is a less prominent position.
2.B. Directions: Match the informal vocabulary in column A with column B. Write
the answer of your choice before each number in column A.
A B
___1. look at a. somewhat, fairly, quite
___2. go over b. consider, monitor, analyze
___3. show c. commence, initiate, undertake
___4. begin d. satisfactory, favorable, positive
___5. good e. a great deal of, many
___6. a lot of f. confirm, determine, verify
___7. a bit g. solve, repair, amend
___8. fix h. demonstrate, indicate, illustrate
___9. make sure i. revise, review
ADVANCE
Activity: OBJECTIVITY
Directions: Another aspect of writing objectively is to avoid emotive language. Read the
passage below from a student's essay on media and the representation of women's
sport. Underline the three emotive language used in the text.
...Mikosa found similar results in her study for Women sport Australia, where she found
that journalists discussed the female athletes' "elegance" or referred to women as
"blonde girl(s)" and a journalist even wrote about one athlete's "domestic routine of
cooking" (1998). With this in mind, I was absolutely appalled to hear an Australian
television commentator’s reference to the women's Dutch hockey team when they won
a bronze medal on the 29/9/2000. When the team stood on the dais to receive their
medal, the male commentator’s sole comment was "Ahh look at the pretty little Dutch
girls", without any mention whatsoever of their athleticism or sporting ability. It was a sad
moment for Australian commentating and strengthens the arguments of Philips and
Mikoza regarding the language the media uses to portray sports women and women's
sport alike.

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REFINE
Activity: IMPERSONAL LANGUAGE
Directions: These are some ways of limiting the use of ‘I’ and ‘we’ in academic writing.
Match the statements below which use ‘I’ and ‘we’ with the most appropriate option from
the box.
A standard graphical representation was used
The question of…

A. A survey of the literature revealed that…
B
1. I surveyed the literature and discovered...

_________________________________________________________
2. We used a standard graphical representation to...
_________________________________________________________
3. We researched the question of...
_________________________________________________________

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NURTURE
Directions: It’s time to write your own academic writing. Using the prompts given, you
may choose any one of the activities to work on. Write your responses on the space
provided for your academic writing.
Subject: Language Arts
GOAL: Your goal is to persuade the school heads and teachers of a learning modality
suited to the needs of the learners in your community
ROLE: You are a member of your school organization. You have been asked to express
your opinion about blended learning or face to face class during the Open Forum on
Learning Modalities
AUDIENCE: School heads, teachers, parents and SSG officers and members
SITUATION: The Department of Education is collecting data and opinions for policy
implementation on Learning Modalities to be implemented for the School Year 2020-2021.
You are tasked to represent the students to give your opinion between face to face and
blended learning.
PRODUCT: A persuasive opinion speech
BEGINNING
• I think______________ is better than __________.

• In my opinion ______________________________
• I believe that _______________________________
• I prefer________________ for many reasons
MIDDLE
• __________________is better because________________________

• One reason, I prefer ________ than __________ is _______________
• Another reason is __________________________________________
• Also, ____________________________________________________
• In addition,________________________________________________
END
• Now you know why___________________ is better than ___________

• As you can see _____________________ is the _________________
• If you _________________________, you will ___________________

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Subject: Mathematics
GOAL: Your goal is to identify and compare polygons in a two – step process.
ROLE: You are the team leader of your group and you are being tasked to present your
findings to the class.
AUDIENCE: Your Math teacher and your classmates
SITUATION: Your teacher asked you to identify the different kinds of polygons and show
their comparison and contrast.
PRODUCT: A brief description of polygons showing their similarities and differences
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1 What are polygons?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What are the different types of polygons and their names?
_______________________________________________________________
3. How are the polygons similar to one another?
_______________________________________________________________
4. How are they different from one another?
_______________________________________________________________
Subject: Social Science
GOAL: To understand the role and rights of women in the 1920’s and today
ROLE: You are the leader of the research team in your school
AUDIENCE: Member of Women’s Organizations
SITUATION: As a team leader, you are tasked to present to all members of the Women’s
Organizations about women’s rights in the 1920’s and how they affect the women of today
PRODUCT: Comparative essay of women’s role and rights in the 1920’s and today
CATEGORY 1920’S TODAY
Jobs
Rights
Fashion
Others

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RUBRIC
Criteria VGE GE SE LE N
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. The ideas in the presentation are organized.
2. The message is expressed clearly.
3. There are sufficient supporting ideas.
4. The choice of words is appropriate to the audience.
5. Biases are avoided.
6. Speech is free from grammatical mistakes.
7. Ideas are communicated vividly and meaningfully.
8. Nonverbal cues are appropriate.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL /40
Legend: Scoring:
VGE- to a very great extent 33-40
GE- to a great extent 25-32
SE- to some extent 17-24
LE- to a little extent 9-16
N- not at all 8
ACADEMIC WRITING ACTIVITY

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

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Reflection
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the
K-W-L chart below.
What I KNOW What I WANT to know What I have LEARNED

I thought that … I want to … I learned that …
References
https://lnu.se/contentassets/5d0c8d7cc8bf4127bfb959327c6c7ad4/chartacadem
icwriting.pdf
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-jeffersoncc-styleguide/chapter/exploring-
academic-disciplines/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-jeffersoncc-styleguide/chapter/exploring-
academic-disciplines/
reference as: Mkandawire, S. B. (2015). LTC1100 Language Use in Academic Writing.

The University of Zambia Lecture notes for week 4. Retrieved from
https://sitwe.wordpress.com/2015/12/14/language-usage-in-academic-writing/
http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/114004/chapters/Academic-Language.aspx
https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/search/expressing+opinion
https://www.warrencountyscho
ols.org/userfiles/2608/my%20files/artificial%20island%20project.pdf?id=549220
https://www.monash.edu/rlo/research-writing-assignments/writing/features-of-
academic-writing/academic-language

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Answer Key
Activity 1
The kind of audience I must consider c. Academics
when writing my research is: /
d. The general public,
friends or family
The content of my research must be : c. Of serious thought
/
d. Of general interest or
personal
The kind of sentences that I must use c. Complex sentences with
are: considerable variety in
construction /
d. Mostly simple sentences

joined by conjunctions
such as
“and” or “but”
As to its style, I must remember that: c. Formal language is

expected and colloquial
expressions are not /
acceptable
d. Colloquial words or
expressions are
acceptable (“stuff”
“sort of” or “thing”)
The structure of my research must be: c. Clear and well-planned,

logical flow /
d. Less likely to be as clear
and organized
When considering grammar, it is: c. Likely to be error free /
d. Freer use of grammar.
Not always complete
sentences
Vocabulary must be: a. Subject-specific and
academic language
used accurately /
b. Everyday vocabulary.
Use of short forms,
idioms and slang to
some extent

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Activity 2.A
__1. Articles on women’s sports were placed on the left page, often at the bottom, which
is an area often overlooked by readers.
_/_2. Articles on women’s sports were placed on the left page, often at the bottom, which
is an area most readers jump over.
_/_3. Articles on women’s sports were placed on the left page, often at the bottom, which
is a less prominent position.
Activity 2.B
1. B
2. I
3. H
4. C
5. D
6. E
7. A
8. G
9. F
ADVANCE.
Activity. Objectivity
...Mikosa found similar results in her study for Women sport Australia,
where she found that journalists discussed the female athletes' "elegance" or referred to
women as "blonde girl(s)" and a journalist even wrote about one athlete's "domestic
routine of cooking" (1998). With this in mind, I was absolutely appalled to hear an
Australian television commentator’s reference to the women's Dutch hockey team when
they won a bronze medal on the 29/9/2000. When the team stood on the dais to receive
their medal, the male commentator’s sole comment was "Ahh look at the pretty little
Dutch girls", without any mention whatsoever of their athleticism or sporting ability. It
was a sad moment for Australian commentating and strengthens the arguments of
Philips and Mikoza regarding the language the media uses to portray sports women and
women's sport alike.

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REFINE
1. A survey of the literature
2. A standard graphical representation was used
3. The question of… was researched
NURTURE
Answers vary
RINA G.MIRAMONTE
VINA VICTORIA F. ABADILLA
Writers

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Using Knowledge of Text Structure
to Glean the Information He/ She Needs

Text Structure
The term “text structure” refers to how information is organized in a passage. The
structure of a text can change many times in a work and even within a paragraph.
Commonly used patterns of organization:
➢ Cause and Effect: the results of something are explained.
➢ Chronological: information in the passage is organized in order of time.
➢ Compare and Contrast: two or more things are described. Their
similarities and differences are discussed.
➢ Order of Importance: information is expressed as a hierarchy or in priority.
➢ Problem and Solution: a problem is described and a response or solution
is proposed or explained.
➢ Sequence / Process Writing: information is organized in steps or a
process is explained in the order in which it occurs.
➢ Spatial / Descriptive Writing: information is organized in order of space
(top to bottom, left to right).
MELC: Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs.
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4)
Hello, learner! You are about to check your learning/s on the different topics under the
English for Academic and Professional Purposes in a five-stage exploration (1-Load, 2-
Engage, 3-Advance, 4-Refine, 5-Nurture). Just follow the instructions given for every
task.
LEARNING CONTRACT
LOAD
LOAD
Activity 1. Directions: Read the passages and identify the text structure. Write
information from the passage into the appropriate graphic organizer.
Note: Passages are found after the answer key.

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ENGAGE
Activity 2.A. Directions: Read each passage and identify how the information is
being organized. Choose your choice from the box below.
Cause and Effect Spatial/ Descriptive
Compare and Contrast Sequence/ Process
Chronological Problem and Solution
1. Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors.
Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors
are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not.
Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than
strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake.
2. The ice-cream shop around the corner from my house has the best ice-cream in the
city. When you first walk inside, there is a long chrome counter with matching stools
extending to alongside the far wall. Right where the counter stops, the booth seating
begins. There are lots of old-timey knickknacks on the walls and chrome napkin holders
on all the tables. My favorite part of the shop is behind the counter glass, where they
keep all of the ice-cream flavors. A rainbow of delicious sugary flavors is kept cool and
delicious behind the counter glass.

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3. Freezer burn may have wasted more ice-cream than sidewalks. If you don’t know,
freezer burn is when ice crystals form on the surface of ice-cream. These ice crystals
can ruin the texture and flavor of the ice cream. But you can prevent freezer burn. Since
freezer burn is caused when melted ice-cream is refrozen, rather than eating your ice-
cream from the container as it melts, scoop your ice-cream into a bowl and put the
container back in the fridge immediately. Doing this ought to help you solve your issues
with freezer burn.
4. No one knows the true origin of ice-cream, but the first published ice-cream recipe
appears in “Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts,” a cookbook that was printed in London in 1718.
Sometime around 1832, an African American confectioner named Augustus Jackson
created multiple ice cream recipes and invented a superior technique to manufacture ice
cream. Ice cream soda was invented around 1874, but the real breakthrough may have
been at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, when the American ice-cream cone
was unveiled!
5. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a frozen
container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The mixture must be stirred
and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen. Depending on the equipment,
this may take as long as an hour. After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen
until it is ready to be enjoyed. Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree
that it is worth the trouble.
6. Have you ever had an ice-cream headache? That’s when a painful sensation
resonates in your head after eating something cold (usually ice-cream) on a hot day.
This pain is produced by the dilation of a nerve center in the roof of your mouth. The
nerve center is overreacting to the cold by trying to heat your brain. Ice-cream
headaches have turned many smiles to frowns.
7. One time my mom and I made ice-cream. We added sugar and cream into a big
glass bowl. We kept it frozen in the middle of a bigger glass bowl. While it froze, I stirred
the mixture with a hand mixer. It was the first time that had I used one and it splattered
ice-cream mixture all over the kitchen. The rest of the mixture finally froze, so we ate
some ice cream, and then put the remaining portions in the freezer so that it wouldn’t get
freezer burned. That was a good day.
8. It was the most beautiful banana split that I had ever seen. In the middle of the bowl,
there were three scoops of ice-cream: chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. On top of the
ice-cream were a banana and a thick web of chocolate and caramel sauces. A huge
puff of whipped cream covered the sauces and a handful of crushed nuts dappled the
whipped cream. On top of it all was a cherry, but I’ve never liked the soggy squish of
cherries.
9. When it comes to making ice-cream, you can do it the traditional way, by stirring it in
a frozen container, or you can use liquid nitrogen to freeze your mixture. There are some
advantages to using liquid nitrogen. Since liquid nitrogen freezes the mixture faster, the
crystal grains are smaller, giving the ice-cream a creamier texture. The downside is that
ice-crystals grow faster in ice-cream prepared using liquid nitrogen, so it must be stored
at much colder temperatures. Both methods produce a distinct texture, and both are
delicious.

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ADVANCE
Activity 2. Instructions: Match the definition with the term by writing the letter of the
correct answer before each number in column A.
__10. An action and its results are discussed a. chronological
__11. Information is organized in order of time b. problem and solution
__12. a difficulty is described and an answer is c. sequence / process
offered d. cause and effect
__13. Differences and similarities of two or more a. cause and effect

things are discussed
b. spatial / descriptive
__14. Explains how something happens or is done,
step-by-step c. compare and contrast
__15. Describes how something looks or the d. sequence / process

arrangement of a space
REFINE
Activity 3. Directions: Read each passage and:
1. write a sentence explaining the main idea of the text;
2. create a title for the passage related to the main idea; and,
3. put information from the passage into a graphic organizer representing the text
structure.
Note: Passages are found after the answer key.
Structures: cause and effect, chronological, compare and contrast, sequence / process
writing, problem and solution, or spatial /descriptive writing.
NURTURE:
Activity 4. Directions: It’s time to write your own academic writing. Using the prompts
given, write an essay using any of the text structures.
GOAL: Your goal is to give information about face mask

ROLE: You are a member of your community action center. You have been asked to be
one of the speakers on the significance of using face masks
AUDIENCE: General public
SITUATION: The Department of Health is conducting a campaign on how to lessen or
avoid the spread of COVID ’19. Hence, one of its major steps is to educate people on the
use of face masks as primary medium of protection
PRODUCT: An essay about face mask

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Reflection
K-W-L chart below.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY
Criteria VGE GE SE LE N
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. The ideas in the presentation are organized.
2. The message is expressed clearly.
3. There are sufficient supporting ideas.
4. The choice of words is appropriate to the audience.
5. Biases are avoided.
6. Speech is free from grammatical mistakes.
7. Ideas are communicated vividly and meaningfully.
8. Nonverbal cues are appropriate.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL /40

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References
http://www.adlit.org/strategies/23336/
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/text-structure-activities/
English for Academic and Professional Purposes (REX Book Store
Answer Key
Activity 1
1. Compare and Contrast
2. Chronological Order (passage demonstrates the passage of time, whereas
sequence occurs at no specific time)
3. Chronological Order
4. Problem and solution
5. Cause and Effect
6. Sequence
Activity 2
1. compare and contrast
2. spatial / descriptive
3. problem and solution
4. sequence / process
5. chronological
6. cause and effect
7. chronological
8. spatial / descriptive
9. compare and contrast
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. B
Activity 3
1. This paragraph describes post-traumatic amnesia. It is organized as cause and
effect.
2. This paragraph describes the strange case of Ansel Bourne. It is organized
chronologically.
3. This paragraph describes how you can improve your memory through diet. It is
organized as problem and solution.
4. This paragraph compares and contrasts real life amnesia and amnesia as
depicted on television and in movies. It is organized as compare and contrast.
5. This paragraph describes ways I which a person with anterograde amnesia
could treat their condition. It is organized as sequence / process or problem and
solution.
6. This paragraph describes the parts of the brain. It is organized spatially.

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7. This passage is how rodeo clowns protect bull riders. It is organized as cause
and effect.
8. This passage is how wolverine rob other animals of their meals. It is organized
as cause and effect.
9. This passage is about how the game of basketball was invented. It is organized
chronologically.
10. This passage is about the unique flying abilities of the hummingbird. It is
organized as compare and contrast.
11. This passage explains how to make good cookies. It is organized as sequence
or process writing.
12. This passage explains how machine guns have been modified to keep them
from overheating. It is organized as problem and solution.
.
Activity 4
Outputs vary
Activity 5
Outputs vary
ELMA LIEZL C. RALLECA
Writer
ACTIVITY 1
Passage #1 – Chemical and Physical Changes

All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically. Both
chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical changes are those
that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter. For example, clay will bend or
flatten if squeezed, but it will still be clay. Changing the shape of clay is a physical
change, and does not change the matter’s identity. Chemical changes turn the matter
into a new kind of matter with different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it
becomes ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them is that
physical changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and chemical changes are
permanent, which means they last forever. Physical and chemical changes both affect
the state of matter.
Passage #2 – The Best PB & J Ever
When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly,
and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of
the bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread together.
After that, I enjoyed it while watching “Cops” on the TV. I swear, that was the best peanut
butter and jelly sandwich I ever ate.

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Passage #3 – Bobby Fischer
Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago but unlocked the secrets of chess in a
Brooklyn apartment right above a candy store. At the age of six he taught himself to play
by following the instruction booklet that came with his chess board. After spending much
of his childhood in chess clubs, Fischer said that, “One day, I just got good.” That may
be a bit of an understatement. At the age of 13 he won the U.S. Junior Chess
Championship, becoming the youngest Junior Champion ever. At the age of 14 he won
the U.S. Championship and became the youngest U.S. Champion in history. Fischer
would go on to become the World Champion of chess, but he would also grow to become
his own worst enemy. Instead of defending the title, he forfeited it to the next challenger
without even making a move, and the rise of a chess superstar ended with a fizzle.
Passage #4 – Save the Tigers
Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at
an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our congress people. If we let
them know that we demand the preservation of this species, maybe we can make a
difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should donate to Save the Tigers. Our
donations will help to support and empower those who are fighting the hardest to
preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.
Passage #5 – The Great Recession
Many people are confused about why our economy went to shambles in 2008. The crisis
was actually the result of a combination of many complex factors. First, easy credit
conditions allowed people who were high-risk or unworthy of credit to borrow, and even
people who had no income were eligible for large loans. Second, banks would bundle
these toxic loans and sell them as packages on the financial market. Third, large
insurance firms backed these packages, misrepresenting these high-risk loans as safe
investments. Fourth, because of the ease of acquiring credit and the rapid growth in the
housing market, people were buying two or three houses, intending to sell them for more
than they paid. All of these factors created bubbles of speculation. These bubbles burst,
sending the whole market into a downward spiral, causing employers to lose capital and
lay off employees. Consumer spending then plummeted and most businesses suffered.
The economy is like a big boat, and once it gets moving quickly in the wrong direction,
it’s hard to turn it around.
Passage #6 – Screen Protector
Before applying the screen protector, clean the surface of your phone’s screen with a
soft cloth. Once the surface of your screen is clean, remove the paper backing on the
screen protector. Evenly apply the sticky side of the screen protector to your phone’s
screen. Smooth out any air bubble trapped on between the protector and the phone
screen. Enjoy the added protection.

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ACTIVITY 3
PASSAGES
1. You may think it’s bad to forget your homework, but what if you forgot who you were?
Amnesia is a condition where a person loses some of their memories, like details about
their personal identity, but still may remember how to do things, like play a piano. One
type of Amnesia is called post-traumatic amnesia. Post-traumatic amnesia is usually
due to a head injury (like a serious fall or knock on the head). The degree of memory
loss may be related to the force of the injury. A simple whiplash may cause a person to
forget the moments before the accident, but a more severe injury may cause a greater
loss. For example, the victim may not remember who certain people are or may forget
details about their own identities.
2. Ansel Bourne was a preacher, carpenter, and most likely an inspiration for the name
“Bourne” in the movie and novel series, “The Bourne Identity.” Up until 1857, Bourne
had been a carpenter, until he was called to religion. After 1858, he worked as a
evangelical preacher, until 1887. He set up shop in Norristown, Pennsylvania, as a
candy maker using the name A.J. Brown. Three months later, he woke up not knowing
where he was, with no memory of the previous months. The case of Mr. Bourne has
fascinated psychologists, and some film makers, for years.
3. The term “amnesia” refers to complete or partial memory loss. Almost all of us will
experience some form of amnesia in our lives, even if it’s just a simple case of verbal
amnesia, like forgetting someone’s name. Fortunately, there are things that you can do
to prevent amnesia. Here is a list of foods that you can eat to improve your memory:
almonds, walnuts, bananas, honey, apples, and black pepper. Though these foods may
not reverse post-traumatic amnesia, they should improve your memory in daily life if you
eat them regularly enough.
4. What do “Finding Nemo” and “Robocop” have in common? Not much, except that
they both feature characters that suffer amnesia. Amnesia is a common plot device in
movies and TV shows, but how accurate are these depictions? In television and movies,
memory loss caused by a knock to the head (post-traumatic amnesia) is shown as fairly
common, when it is actually quite rare. Unlike in movies and television shows that
feature amnesia, most knocks to the head will not produce memory loss. In reality,
memory loss or amnesia is much more likely to occur as the result of a stroke, brain
infection, or brain surgery. So while amnesia causes people or characters to lose
memories in both film and reality, characters are usually “fixed” by taking another knock
to the head. In reality, people are not cured so simply.
5. What would you do if you awoke one day and discovered that you could not create
new memories? You might remember everything that occurred in your life up to the point
of an injury, but could not form new memories beyond that. This condition is called
“anterograde amnesia,” and it is difficult to treat, but doctors and therapists recommend
these steps: first, use technology to help. A cell phone with a calendar reminder can do
much to offset this condition. Second, use helpers. Having people to assist with daily
tasks, like paying bills, will prove quite helpful. Lastly, seek therapy. While there is no
cure for anterograde amnesia, memory training may help the afflicted live a more normal

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life. Currently, there are no chemical medications or drugs that will alleviate this
condition.
6. The brain is the most complicated system in the human body. The brain is separated
into two hemispheres or halves. From front to back, the brain is further divided into three
parts: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The forebrain is where most
reasoning, thinking, and emotional activity occur. It is also where most memories are
stored. The midbrain controls reflexes and processes sensory information (sight, touch,
taste, etc.) The hindbrain processes basic survival functions, like breathing and
maintaining a heartbeat. The brain is truly the most amazing system in the human body.
7. Being a clown isn’t all fun and games. Rodeo clowns expose themselves to great
danger every time they perform. When cowboys dismount or are bucked off of bulls at
riding competitions, rodeo clowns jump in front of the bulls and motion wildly to get their
attention. In this way rodeo clowns provide an alternate target, and in doing so protect
the rider. So you see, sometimes clowning around can be serious business.
8. The wolverine, a medium sized mammal weighing no more than 50 lbs., has earned
its reputation for ferocity with its documented ability to kill prey many times its size. The
reason why wolverines have so many conflicts with other animals (including wolves,
cougars, and even bears) is probably because of the wolverine’s preferred hunting style.
Rather than chasing down or tricking its prey like most hunters, the wolverine prefers to
take its meals directly from other hunters. So while a polar bear or a lone wolf might be
enjoying a hard earned carcass, a hungry wolverine may try to take his lunch. This keeps
the wolverine in plenty of fights.
9. Sometime in December of 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a gym teacher at the YMCA
College in Springfield, Massachusetts was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy
day. He wanted a vigorous game that would keep his students moving. After rejecting
a few other ideas because they were too rough or not suited for the walled-in gym,
Naismith wrote out the rules for a game with peach baskets fixed to ten-foot elevated
tracks. Naismith’s students played against one another, passing the ball around and
shooting it into the peach baskets. Dribbling wasn’t a part of the original game, and it
took a while to realize that the game would run more smoothly if the bottoms of the
baskets were removed, but this game grew to be one of the most popular sports in
America today. Can you guess which one?
10. What’s that humming sound? Could it be hummingbird, the only bird capable of
backward flight? Hummingbirds have many unique flight habits that distinguish them
from other birds. Most birds flap their wings up and down to fly, but the hummingbird
moves its wings forward and backward very rapidly in a figure eight pattern. This allows
the hummingbird to hover in position, fly upside down, and move about very rapidly. And
while other birds have to push off with their feet to begin flying, and work their ways up
to their top speeds, the hummingbird can both start flying at maximum speed and stop
flying instantaneously. After you’ve seen a hummingbird in flight, it’s unlikely that you’ll
mistake them for another bird.

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11. Remember, if something is worth doing, it is worth doing correctly. That said, the
key to making perfect cookies is merely a matter of preparation and precision. To begin
with, read your cookie recipe thoroughly before baking. Make sure that you have all of
the necessary ingredients before you continue. Next, use good tools and utensils.
Sometimes, the craftsperson is only as good as his or her tools. By using good tools
you can minimize mistakes and improve the quality of your product. Lastly, you should
use top quality ingredients. Unlike in the fairytales, you can’t turn lead into gold. If you
use poor quality materials, you’ll create an inferior product. So, to make perfect cookies
you should use the highest quality materials available. Bon apatite!
12. The term “machine gun” is commonly applied to any gun that is designed to fire
repeatedly and in rapid succession for as long as the trigger is held down. During the
course of warfare, the trigger of some machine guns may be held down almost
continuously for hours to create suppressant fire (rounds fired not necessarily to kill an
enemy, but to prevent them from attacking). All of this firing can generate a lot of heat,
which may cause the weapon to overheat and malfunction. But this situation has been
addressed in a number of ways. For one, practically all machine guns fire from an open
bolt, which allows air to cool the breach between bursts of fire. Additionally, some
machine guns have removable barrels, which allow hot barrels to be replaced. And some
advanced machine guns even have sophisticated barrel cooling systems, which maintain
a functional heat level within the weapon. As you might have concluded, a lot of brain
power has gone into keeping those guns firing.

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Using Various Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Academic Text

SUMMARIZING
A summary is a short overview of an entire discussion or argument.
You might summarize a whole research paper or conversation in a single
paragraph, for example, or with a series of bullet points, using your own
words and style.
People often summarize when the original material is long, or to
emphasize key facts or points. Summaries leave out details or examples
that may distract the reader from the most important information, and they
simplify complex arguments, grammar and vocabulary.
To summarize text or speech:
1.Get a general idea of the original. The first sentence or two of your
summary should contain the author’s thesis, or central concept, stated in
your own words.
2. Check your understanding. When summarizing a longer article, try
to see how the various stages in the explanation or argument are built up in
groups of related paragraphs
3. Make notes. Omit ideas that are not really central to the text.
4. Write your summary. Avoid writing opinions or personal responses
in your summaries
5. Check your work. Be careful not to plagiarize the author’s words. If
you do use even a few of the author’s words, they must appear in quotation
marks. To avoid plagiarism, try writing the first draft of your summary without
looking back at the original text.
6. Seek permission for any copyrighted material that you use, and
cite it appropriately.
MELC: Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texst
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iac-4

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Hello, learner! You are about to check your learning/s on using various techniques in
summarizing a variety of academic text in a five-stage exploration (1-Load, 2-Engage, 3-
Advance, 4-Refine, 5-Nurture). Just follow the instructions given for every task.
LEARNING CONTRACT
LOAD
Activity 1. Begin with Main Ideas
Directions: When you summarize, you explain the main idea(s) from someone else’s
work. Read the following text and select from the choices its summarized form.
A. Shakespeare
The idea that women are not equal to men has been a prevailing, common
theme in literature since the beginning of time. Like their predecessors,
Renaissance writers staunchly laid down the tenet that women were less
valuable throughout the pages of effusive literary writings, where women are
alternately idolized as virtuous or shunned as harlots. One man proved to be
a glaring contradiction to this falsity. That man was William Shakespeare and
he had the courage in those turbulent days to recognize the value and equality
of women. His portrayal of women differed than that of many of his
contemporaries during the Renaissance era.
1. Although most Renaissance writers propagated the belief that women

were not equal with men, Shakespeare's writings portrayed women as
men's equals.
2. Women were taken for granted in Shakespeare’s themes
3. Many writers believed that women are not equal to men.
B. Social Movements
Society, though not perfect, is a working group of people trying to live
together in peace. For the most part, people tend to obey the laws set before
them and abide by societal codes. However, some people believe the
government has made desperate errors, and they wish to change the status
quo only to bring peace again in a different way. Those people begin what are
known as social movements. These are small groups within societies that seek
change. These social movements can rall around anything from saving eagles
to saving trees and once a social movement is in motion, it either is inculcated
into society or disappears out. Either way, society will emerge from the social
movement and will stabilize again into peace.
1. Social movements can disrupt society's peace, but only momentarily.

2. Social movements can only bring harm to society.
3. Many great things can be achieved though social movements.

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C. Digital Divide
The digital divide is an issue that sheds light on a pervasive social situation
in the U.S.: some people in the U.S. have access to the Internet and its
extensive array of information, but other people do not. The difference
between the people who can sign on and those who can’t is a difference that
has always divided the nation: race or ethnicity. In today’s society, the Internet
is power because of the vast amount of information it provides, opportunities
it creates, and its linkage to future societal norms. Therefore, the digital divide
is not an easily solved economic issue as it may seem at first, but rather a
social issue, and one that is merely a glimpse into the bigger picture of social
inequality.
1. The digital divide is not an easily solved economic issue as it may seem at
first, but rather a social issue, and one that is merely a glimpse into the bigger
picture of social inequality.
2. US have access to the Internet, but still they are not sure that everybody has
access on it.
3. Digital divide is a social issue which means that many have still a difficult
situation in life.
ENGAGE. IDENTIFY SUPPORTING DETAILS
Activity 2. Directions: After being able to find the main ideas, it’s time to distinguish
significant supporting details. Here is an activity that will sharpen your ability to decide
whether evidence truly supports a point. Put a check (✓) next to the one item that
logically supports the point.
1. MAIN IDEA: High-school proms should be banned.
______ A . Proms pressure students to spend a ridiculous amount of money on gowns,

tuxes, flowers, and even limos or cars. Prom preparations distract students for many
weeks from the real business of school, which is education. In addition, the social
pressure to get a date for the prom makes many people miserable.
_____ B. Proms usually feature a theme, and the room the prom is held in is decorated
according to that theme. Often a photographer is hired to take pictures of the couples as
they arrive. Some proms even have thrones set up for the prom king and queen.
_____ C. At most schools, proms are chaperoned by teachers and administrators. Of

course, the students would prefer that no adults were in the room, especially adults who
should stay in the classroom or office where they belong. What they don’t realize is that
the chaperones are often as ill at ease as the students they are watching

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2. MAIN IDEA: Speaking before a group is a problem for many people.
_____ A. Many people will go to almost any length to avoid speaking to a group. If they
are forced to do it, they can feel so anxious that they actually develop physical symptoms.
If asked, people will often prefer that anything happen to them as an alternative to having
to speak in public.
_____ B. Some people will pretend to be ill to avoid speaking publicly. Stage fright,
stammering, and blushing are frequent reactions. When asked to rank their worst fears,
people often list public speaking as even worse than death.
ADVANCE
Activity 3. Directions: Read the following paragraphs. Each consists of a stated main
idea and several details. Since there is more than one detail, you will select more than
one answer for the first question for each paragraph. The second question about each
paragraph asks you the purpose of the details in the paragraph or, in other words, the
type of information and the details present (such as explanations, descriptions,
examples, and so forth). Put a check mark before the number of your answer.
A. Passage 1: The topic of this paragraph is Millennials.
Students born after 1982 are considered Millennials, and they exhibit quite different
characteristics from those of students only a few years older. Among the differences
are these:
• They gravitate toward group activities.

• They identify with their parents' values and feel close to their parents.
• They spend more time doing homework and housework and less time watching
TV.
• They believe it's cool to be smart.
• They are fascinated by new technologies.
• They are racially and ethnically diverse, and 20% have one immigrant parent.
Source: Helen Woodman, Ed., Basic Skills SPIN Newsletter, November, 2004, National Association for Developmental Education.
1. Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph?

_____A. Students born after 1982 are considered Millennials, and they exhibit
quite different characteristics from those of students only a few years
older.
_____B. They gravitate toward group activities.
_____C. They spend more time doing homework and housework and less time
watching TV.
_____D. They are fascinated by new technologies.

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2. The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to give
_____A. an explanation of how the term Millennial came about.
_____B. characteristics of Millennials.
_____C. the process for becoming a Millennial.
B. Passage 2: The topic of this paragraph is personal digital assistants.
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held electronic organizers that
come in a range of prices and capabilities. These lightweight computers are usually
operated with a stylus, a special "pen." The most basic, inexpensive PDAs have
monochromatic screens. They can be used to organize and store contact information,
such as names, phone numbers, and email addresses. More expensive models have
color screens and offer computer-like applications. For example, you can manage email
and create documents. In addition, they include a calendar function that allows you to
keep track of appointments and events. They feature the ability to play video and audio
files. The most expensive PDAs also offer a phone function, including text messaging.

_____A. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held electronic
organizers that come in a range of prices and capabilities.
_____B. They can be used to organize and store contact information, such as
names, phone numbers, and email addresses.
_____C. More expensive models have color screens and offer computer-like
applications.
_____D. The most expensive PDAs offer a phone function, including text
messaging.

_____A. reasons to buy a color PDA.
_____B. differences between inexpensive and expensive PDAs.
_____C. the procedure for buying a PDA.
C. Passage 3: The topic of this paragraph is eating nutritious food.
Are you in the habit of skipping breakfast? Breakfast is important; it gets your
metabolism going. Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day
by eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner. Eating this way
keeps your metabolism high. You are also less likely to binge on junk food. You will
have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at least every four hours

_____A. Breakfast is important; it gets your metabolism going.
_____B. Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day by
eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner.
_____C. Eating this way keeps your metabolism high.
_____D. You will have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at
least every four hours.

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_____A. reasons for eating healthy food a throughout the day and how to do it.
_____B. examples of nutritious meals and snacks that can be eaten throughout
the day.
_____C. suggestions for making healthier food choices.
REFINE
Activity 4. Practice with Outlining

Directions: Writing a summary is much easier to do from an outline, which will also
provide you a writing plan for your summary. Read each paragraph. Then fill in the
blanks in the outlines that follow.
A. Passage 1
1. 1. What makes an effective leader? 2. To be sure, no one characteristic or trait defines
an effective leader. 3. It is true, however, that effective leaders get the most out of
employees or group members by holding them to very high standards or expectations.
4. Setting high standards increases productivity because people tend to live up to the
expectations set for them by superiors. 5.This is an example of the Pygmalion effect,
which works in a subtle, often unconscious way. 6. When a managerial leader believes
that a group member will succeed, the manager communicates this belief without
realizing that he or she is doing so. 7. Conversely, when a leader expects a group
member to fail, that person will not usually disappoint the manager. 8. The manager’s
expectation of success or failure becomes a selffulfilling prophecy. 9. Thus it pays for a
manager to expect the best from employees.
(Adapted from Andrew J. DuBrin, Leadership 4/e, © Cengage Learning.)
Main Idea: Effective leaders encourage a high level of performance by expecting

the best from their employees.
Support:
1. People are likely to live up to a manager's or superior's expectations.
2. Called the “Pygmalion effect” i.e. expect the best and you'll get it.
3.______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
B. Passage 2
3. 1 Despite its rapid spread, Islam is not a religion for those who are casual about
regulations. 2 On the contrary, adhering to the rules of Islam takes effort and
discipline. 3 One must rise before dawn to observe the first of five prayers required
daily, none of which can take place without first cleansing oneself according to an
established ritual or ceremony. 4 Sleep, work, and recreational activities take
second place to prayer. 5 Fasting for the month of Ramadan, undertaking the
pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, paying tax for relief of the Muslim
poor, and accepting Islam’s creed require a serious and an energetic
commitment. 6 On the whole, the vast majority of Muslims worldwide do observe
those tenets.*
(Adapted from Jan Goodwin, Price of Honor, Plume Books, 2002 p. 29.)

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Main Idea: Practitioners of Islam need to be willing to make a lot of effort
to follow the rules of their faith.
Support: 1. Get up before dawn, perform ritualized cleansing and say the first
of five daily prayers.
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. Fasting for the month of Ramadan.
4. ________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________
6. Accepting Islamic beliefs.
C. Passage 3
Noah Webster, the creator of Webster's dictionary, was a super-patriot, whose

goal was to take the United States out of Britain's linguistic* shadow. 2 It was Webster
who coined the term "American English," considering it an expression of praise, because
he wanted the language of the newly formed United States to have its own special flavor.
3 Many of his changes to British spelling like theater instead of theatre and plow instead
of plough caught on and became the standard American spelling. 4 Determined to
emphasize the importance of America's influence on the language, Webster purposely
titled his dictionary the American Dictionary of the English Language. 5 He also made
sure to include thousands of words familiar only to Americans but unheard of by the
British. 6 Among them were moose, prairie, and skunk. 7 Webster was so much the
patriot that he even took on the great American hero George Washington at a dinner
party. 8 Washington had thought of hiring a Scotch tutor for his step-grandchildren, an
idea that appalled Webster. 9 He insisted that the United States had plenty of
homegrown scholars that would be as good or better and, above all, who would speak
English without a foreign accent.
Main Idea_____________________________________________________________
Support: -
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. His changes to British spellings became popular, for instance, "theater" and "plow"
instead of “theatre” and “plough.”
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5. Webster even criticized George Washington for wanting to hire a Scotch tutor.
_________________________________________________________________

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NURTURE
Activity 5. Directions: Applying the techniques you have learned from the previous
activities, you are now ready to make a summary by digesting every paragraph of an
academic text. Read the selection below and make a summary for each of its
paragraphs.
Bullying: What It is and What to Do About it

Bullying means to be mean to another kid repeatedly. Bullying can take many
forms. It can be teasing, threatening to hurt someone, telling lies about someone, not
including others in order to make them feel bad, or it can be actually yelling at or hitting
someone. Bullying can also take place over through text messages or emails, or by
posting rumors on sites like Facebook, passing around embarrassing pictures or
videos.
Paragraph 1 Summary:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Being bullied makes kids feel different, powerless, unpopular and alone. It can be
difficult to stand up for yourself when you are being bullied. The bully seems more
powerful than you are. Being bullied can lead to feeling sick or having problems at
school. It can even lead some kids to want to be a bully themselves.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
There are many reasons why kids bully other kids. Some want to copy their friends.
Some think that being a bully will make them respected by other kids, or make them
popular. Sometimes bullies think that they are better than their victims, and so they
bully other kids to prove it.
Paragraph 3. Summary:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
No matter what the reasons behind it or what form it takes, bullying is wrong. Bullies
use power to hurt people. Bullies might use physical strength. They might use
popularity or being smart. Or they may use secrets that they know about to hurt other
kids. And bullying is not just bad for the kid being bullied. It is likewise damaging for
the bully too. Kids who are bullies often grow up to have problems like using alcohol
and drugs, getting into fights and dropping out of school.

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
You may not know what to do if you witness bullying. It may make you feel depressed
or worried. You may not feel safe. These feelings may make you want to join in the
bullying, or be silent, so as not to get bullied yourself. Or maybe the bullying makes
you so angry that you stand up to the bully yourself. The best, and the safest thing to
do is always to bring the bullying to the attention of an adult, who will put a stop to it.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 6. Outlining your Summary
Directions: After coming up with a summary of the text per paragraph, you are now
ready to make an outline of your work. Complete the information below:
Bullying: What It Is and What to Do About It
MAIN IDEA:
__________________________________________________________
SUPPORTING DETAILS:
1. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

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Activity 7. Your Final Summary
It’s time to put together your ideas from your outline to come up with a final
summary of the text entitled Bullying: What It Is and what To Do About It.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
RUBRIC
Excellent Good Below Average Ineffective
(4 pts) (3 pts) (2 pts) (1 pt)
Clear Main Idea Clear Main Idea Main idea is The main idea is
unclear-not not present.
specifically stated in
the writing.
All important Important details Some critical Contains only
details are are included but information is some details
included some might be missing
missing
Details are in Ideas are in logical Ideas are in random Ideas are not in a
logical order order order and not logical logical order
Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates basic Demonstrates little
clear adequate understanding of or no
understanding of understanding information in text understanding
information in the
text.
Is characterized Is characterized by Is characterized by Is characterized
by paraphrasing of paraphrasing of the the substantial by the substantial
the main idea and main idea and copying of key copying of
significant details significant details phrases and indiscriminately
minimal selected phrases
paraphrasing or sentences.

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Reflection
K-W-L chart below.
I know that … I want to … I learned that …
References
• https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/sources/summarizing
• https://www.townsendpress.com/sites/default/files/tinymce/writing%20and%20
motvn/RWC_chapter4.pdf
• https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/summarize/
• https://www.readingrockets.org/content/pdfs/summarizing_Strategies.pdf
• https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/sources/summarizing
• https://www.englishworksheetsland.com/grade4/readinginfo/2/1bully.pdf
• https://bookunitsteacher.com/wp/?p=7243
ANSWER KEY:
LOAD Begin With Main Ideas
Activity 1
1. A
2. A
3. A
ENGAGE Identify Supporting Details

Activity 2
1. A
2. B

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ADVANCE
Activity 3
Passage 1
1. B
C
D
2. B
Passage 2
3. B
C
D
4. A
Passage 3
5. A
B
C
6. A
REFINE
Passage 1. Possible Answers
Main Idea: Effective leaders encourage a high level of performance by expecting
the best from their employees.
Support: 1. People are likely to live up to a manager's or superior's expectations.
2. Called the “Pygmalion effect” i.e. expect the best and you'll get it.
3. leader who expects the best gets high achievement, and a leader who
doesn't expect much gets low achievement
4. pays for leaders to expect the best
B. Passage 2 Possible Answers
Main Idea: Practitioners of Islam need to be willing to make a lot of effort

to follow the rules of their faith.
Support: 1. Get up before dawn, perform ritualized cleansing and say the first
of five daily prayers.
2. Prayer is a priority. Everything else is seconday
3. Fasting for the month of Ramadan.
4. Pilgrimage to Mecca atleast once a lifetime
5. Paying tax or doing good to Muslim poor
6. Accepting Islamic beliefs.

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C. Passage 3 Possible Answers:
Main Idea: Noah Webster, the creator of Webster's dictionary, wanted the free US from
Britains’ linguistic influence
Support 1: He coined the term “American English” because he wanted US to have its -
own unique language
2. His changes to British spellings became popular, for instance, "theater" and "plow"
instead of “theatre” and “plough.”
3. He purposely titled his dictionary, “American Dictionary of the English Language”
4. He intentionally included thousands of American words unheard by the British.
5. Webster even criticized George Washington for wanting to hire a Scotch tutor.
NURTURE
Activity 5 Bullying: What It is and What To Do About it
Possible Answers:
Paragraph 1 Summary
Bullying is simply harming other kids habitually. It can have many forms like
teasing, threatening, spreading lies, discriminating, yelling at or hitting someone. It
can also be in the form of text messages or emails, or by posting rumors or
embarrassing photos or videos on social media platforms
Being bullied makes someone helpless which can lead to sickness or problems
in school. It can even make someone hurt himself.
Paragraph 3. Summary:
There are many reasons for bullying. Some kids bully others because they want
to become popular and powerful.
Bullying is always wrong no matter what reasons are behind it. It is both
disadvantageous to the bully and the bullied. They grow up having serious problems
in life

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You might not know what to do when you witness bullying, but the best thing to
do is to report it to an adult who can put a stop into it.
Activity 6. Outlining your summary.

Possible Answers:
Bullying: What It Is and What To Do About It
MAIN IDEA: Bullying is simply harming other kids habitually. It can have many forms
like teasing, threatening, spreading lies, discriminating, yelling at or hitting someone.
It can also be in the form of text messages or emails, or by posting rumors or
embarrassing photos or videos on social media platforms
SUPPORTING DETAILS:
1. Being bullied makes someone helpless which can lead to sickness or
problems in school. It can even make someone hurt himself.
2. There are many reasons for bullying. Some kids bully others because
they want to become popular and powerful.
3. Bullying is always wrong no matter what reasons are behind it. It is
both disadvantageous to the bully and the bullied. They grow up having
serious problems in life
4. You might not know what to do when you witness bullying, but the best
thing to do is to report it to an adult who can put a stop into it
Activity 7. Your Final Summary
Possible Answer
Bullying: What It Is and What To Do About It
Bullying is simply harming other kids repeatedly. It can be in the form of teasing,
threatening, spreading lies, discriminating, yelling at or hitting someone. It can also be
in the form of text messages or emails, or by posting rumors or embarrassing photos
or videos on social media platforms
Being bullied makes someone helpless, which can lead to sickness or problems
in school or worse, makes someone hurt himself.
Some kids bully others because they want to become popular and powerful. No
matter what the reason is, bullying is always wrong and disadvantageous both to the
bully and the bullied because they will tend to grow up having serious problems in life.
You might not know what to do when you witness bullying, but the best thing to
do is to report it to an adult who can put a stop into it
Prepared by:
VINA VICTORIA F. ABADILLA
Writer

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Stating the Thesis Statement of an Academic Text

The thesis statement is a sentence that expresses the main idea of a research
paper or essay. A thesis statement tells the reader what the paper is about and helps
guide the writer and keep his arguments or ideas focused. It is a fact that the writer
wants to prove or explain.
The topic sentence is different from the thesis statement. The thesis statement
tells what the entire paper is about. It is used to define the purpose of the paper, to
argue or to state a point. The topic sentence, however, shows only what the paragraph
is about. It is sometimes called the focus sentence in the paragraph.
In academic writing, the thesis is often explicit; it is a sentence that forms part
of the paper and it is directly stated in the text. It may be found in the beginning of the
work, but not always–some types of academic writing leave the thesis until the
conclusion.
Academic writing sometimes relies on implicit thesis statements, as well.

Implicit denotes something that is suggested or implied. Unlike explicit thesis
statements, the primary point of the paper is not directly stated in the text. It is not a
one-sentence thesis statement. Instead, writers use facts, storylines or narratives,
figures or statistics, etc. to support their opinions, judgments and prove their stand.
Here are steps which you may do as suggested by courses.lumenlearning.com

to help you identify the thesis statement of a text – be it explicit or implicit:
1. Read the whole work.
2. Write one or two sentences that summarize/s the article.
3. Look for a sentence or two (even a paragraph) in the article, that says
essentially the same thing as your summary.
4. If your summary is accurate, you will (probably) have found the thesis
statement.

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The following are the characteristics of a good thesis statement as listed by

latech.edu:
1. A good thesis is not a title.
POOR BETTER
Home and Schools Parents should participate
more in the education of their
children.
2. A good thesis is not an announcement of the subject.
ANNOUNCEMENT: NOT A THESIS STATEMENT

THESIS
The subject of this essay is the Our farmers lack the support in
lack of advancement in agricultural agricultural technology.
technology support to our farmers.
3. A good thesis is not a statement of absolute fact.

FACT: NOT A THESIS
• Jane Austin is the author of Pride and Prejudice.
• The capital of Philippines is Manila.
4. A good thesis is restricted. It deals with bite-size issues that narrow down
big ideas into more specific ones.
POOR BETTER
The world is in a terrible Trade barriers contribute to
mess. international tensions.
5. A good thesis is unified. The thesis expresses one major idea about its
subject.
POOR BETTER
Detective stories are not a Detective stories appeal to
high form of literature, but people the basic human desire for thrills.
have always been fascinated by
them, and many fine writers have
experimented with them.
6. A good thesis is specific.
POOR BETTER
The Mobile Science Museum The Mobile Science Museum is
is impressive. a good place to visit by Science
lovers.

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MELC: State the thesis statement of an academic text (S1/2 Q1/3)
CG: CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-6

Hello, learner! You are about to check your learning/s on stating the thesis statement
of an academic text in a five-stage exploration (1-Load, 2-Engage, 3-Advance, 4-
Refine, 5-Nurture). Just follow the instructions given for every task.
LEARNING CONTRACT
LOAD
Activity 1. Directions: The previous information discusses the difference between a
good and poor thesis. To measure your understanding of their characteristics, identify
whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE before each
number, if the statement is correct, if not, write FALSE.
________ 1. In writing a thesis statement, it must not be unified. It should not
express one major idea about its subject.
________ 2. You can make a good thesis statement by just writing a ‘title-like’
statement for your write-up.
________ 3. If the thesis statement only announces the subject and does not
invite interpretation, the thesis is not good.
________ 4. A good thesis expresses a fact which is absolute.
________ 5. The idea communicated by the thesis statement should be clear.
ENGAGE
Activity 2. Directions: Using your knowledge on the characteristics of a good thesis
statement, evaluate whether the following statements are good or not. Write GOOD if
it is an effective thesis; otherwise write NOT GOOD and state your reason why. Write
your answer on the space provided.
Examples:
• Gravity is the fundamental force that is responsible for interactions which
occur because of mass between matters and particles.
ANSWER: NOT GOOD – It is an absolute fact.
• Solving our environmental problems is more difficult than many ecologists

believe.
ANSWER: GOOD

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1. The planet closest to the sun is Mercury.

___________________________________________________________
2. The Columbus Cavaliers have trouble at the defensive end and linebacker
positions, and front- office tensions don't help, but the team should be able to
make the play-offs.
___________________________________________________________
3. Common sense is sometimes the enemy of genius.
___________________________________________________________
4. Too many people get divorced for trivial reasons.

___________________________________________________________
5. The thesis of this paper is the difficulty of solving our environmental problems.
___________________________________________________________
ADVANCE
Activity 3. Directions: Read carefully each pair of thesis statements given below
and choose which one is better. Write the letter only on the space before each item.
_____1. A. I want to show how cardiology has changed in the last 20 years.
B. The advances in cardiology over the last 20 years significantly
impacted the field of medicine.
_____2. A. Learning new skills can be difficult and frustrating.

B. Learning to write takes work, patience, and determination.
_____3. A. People are living longer than ever due to better diets, a cleaner
environment, and improved medical care.
B. The average person can now expect to live longer.
_____4. A. Many professors and students believe there is a need for university
courses in Arabic, Chinese, and Hindi.
B. Although universities offer courses in many European languages,
many professors and students see the need to offer Arabic,
Chinese, and Hindi as well.
_____5. A. In order to create a successful commercial, it is important to

consider the target audience, placement, and media.
B. Nike’s “Just do it” advertising campaign was created in 1988.

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REFINE
Activity 4. Directions: Read the following text and write the thesis statement on
your answer sheet.
1. For the Ybanags, health is of paramount importance. They value it more than
anything else, more than their material possessions. This attitude toward health
can be seen in their Unoni.
“Maski awattu cucuam, nu mapia laman y gawagawayan, maski mazziya,
basta napya.”
[Even if you have no material possessions, as long as you have good health, even
if you’re poor, as long as you’re healthy.]
The said Unoni is teaching the Ybanags to guard their health as it would be
their ultimate wealth. Practically, if a family member gets sick, much time to enjoy
life is taken away, more money is forcefully spent, and the worst would be the stress
that it would cause. There is no greater wealth then, than to stay healthy.
Adapted from Melad, J.M.(2014). Ybanag Unoni: Reflective Of Values And
Virtues.Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/
37468233/YBANAG_UNONI_REFLECTIVE_OF_VALUES_AND_VIRTUES
2. The spirit of solidarity is very visible to Ivatans. They have this voluntary
communal labor called yaru or what we have known in Tagalog as bayanihan.
The kayvayvanan, for one, is used mainly to refer to house building, clearing
of agricultural land and planting. As such, volunteers to a kayvayvanan are
necessarily able-bodied men or women. The elected leaders work out a schedule
and the members take turns using the services of this group.
The payuhuan operates on the same principle as the kayvayvanan but
applies to smaller-scale farm jobs as well as everyday tasks like weeding and
planting. Members of the payuhuan are usually close friends and relatives giving it
a more intimate social closeness than the kayvayvanan. The kayvayvanan may
also be contracted for paid labor, which is not true of the payuhuan.
Adapted from https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal

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3. There are two virtues that the Ybanags are much known for. These are their
high sense of religiosity and deep spirituality.
“Ariammu tagatutan y
Grasya nicao nga duttal,
Innaggam mu mabunnay
Y allo na Dios ta tolay.”
[Do not be impatient for blessing to come to you,
Just keep on waiting on for God’s mercy.]
The Unoni is exhorting the Ybanags towards the virtue of faith. The virtue of
totally surrendering to God. Standing on the ground that God is a merciful God and
He hears and understands the miseries of His people, He would grant His blessings
to help man and woman be lifted out from the miserable situation, as He brought
out the Jews from Egyptian slavery. Thus, the Ybanags have the reason to patiently
wait for the blessings of God.
Their faith in God which has reached great depth since the inception of
Catholicism in the country is a virtual manifestation of their total dependence and
reliance on the Creator.
Adapted from Melad, J.M.(2014). Ybanag Unoni: Reflective Of Values And Virtues.Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/ 37468233/ YBANAG_UNONI_REFLECTIVE_OF_VALUES_AND_VIRTUES
4. Ilocanos have long been stereotyped as being "kuripot" or stingy with money.
But data from the National Statistical Coordination Board shows that Ilocanos are
not as thrifty as everyone thinks they are.
NSCB director-general Romulo Virola said Region I (Ilocos Region) does not
have the highest savings ratio in the Philippines. The region only ranks 9th with its
savings to income ratio of 0.179 in 2009.
Virola noted people in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Region II
(Cagayan Valley) and Region VII (Central Visayas) had better savings rate than
the Ilocanos, based on the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) in
2009.
Adapted from https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/07/31/12/are-ilocanos-really-big-savers

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5. The study found very rich cultural values in the folk literature of the Itawes.
The four literary types such as proverbs, riddles, poems and songs reflect the social
life of the Itawes. These literary types are very instrumental in the formation of the
moral and social values, sense of humility, industry, family customs and traditions,
and beliefs and practices of the Itawes.
The Itawes recognizes brotherhood, faith understanding, and perseverance,
treasure their unique practices, characteristics and the right attitudes in dealing with
other people through his literature.
Based on different literary types, the Itawes is not distinct from the rest of his
countrymen. He is very Filipino in his way of life. As a Christian, he regards life as
a God-given gift; strongly believe in the power of prayer and God-fearing. As a
neighbor, he is truthful, unselfish, compassionate, kind and considerate. As a son
or daughter, he is obedient, respectful, disciplined and loyal.
Adapted from Cuarteros, J.B. (2016).The Social Life of the Itawes as Reflected in the Major themes of their
Literature. Retrieved from http://ijassh.com/index.php/IJASSH/article/viewFile/214/225
NURTURE
Activity 5. Directions: Read each of the following texts and write the thesis statement
on your paper. Remember that thesis statement can be directly or indirectly stated in
the text. To rate your answer, a rubric will be used, and a corresponding interpretation
or recommendation is given for your score in each item.
1. As the spread of COVID-19 continues, communities are being asked to reduce

close contact between people. This is called social distancing, and it's an important
and effective way to slow down the spread of this virus.
Because COVID-19 spreads from person to person, reducing the ways people
come in close contact with each other is essential. Social distancing means staying
home as much as possible and avoiding crowded, public places where close contact
with others is likely. This is why stay at home orders are in place in so many
communities, canceling events and gatherings of more than 10 people and closing
shops, restaurants and bars. It’s also why many schools have moved to online
learning.
Adapted from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-
lungs/Pages/Social-Distancing-Why-Keeping-Your-Distance-Helps-Keep-Others-Safe.aspx
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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2. Keeping hands clean is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid
getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many diseases and conditions are spread
by not washing hands with soap and clean, running water.
Feces (poop) from people or animals is an important source of germs
like Salmonella, E. coli O157, and norovirus that cause diarrhea, and it can spread
some respiratory infections like adenovirus and hand-foot-mouth disease. These
kinds of germs can get onto hands after people use the toilet or change a diaper, but
also in less obvious ways, like after handling raw meats that have invisible amounts
of animal poop on them.
Adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/why-handwashing.html
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Despite its hard hit on physical businesses, online shopping has proved to have
many positive advantages for consumers. Online stores are open 24 hours a day, 7
days a week, so the issue of a store closing before the consumer can make it on time
is completely eliminated. Online shopping is exceptionally efficient during the
holidays; shoppers do not have to bother with the long, exasperating lines, and they
get to cut back on gas spending by staying indoors. Due to the lack of operating costs,
online retailers can sell goods at lower prices; this makes the experience of online
shopping not only faster and convenient, but it is also far cheaper than going to the
physical store.
Adapted from http://belltower.mtaloy.edu/2017/09/the-effects-of-online-shopping/
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Cyber-bullying has been a problem for a very long time. Due to the development
of our technology today, cyber-bullying has become one of the most difficult issues
to resolve in our society. Since cyber-bullying issues are more likely to happen at
schools, social networking, and mobile phones; teachers, principals, and parents are
responsible for monitoring, preventing, and punish cyber-bullying. The expectations
of most parents in the school is protection. Meanwhile, many staffs feel unprepared
and unwilling to be prosecutors and judges because they do not want to be sued for
something done which might seem right to them but not to others, especially to
parents who are responsible for the child's wellbeing.
Adapted from https://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/203969.html
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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5. The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of
our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since World War Two. Since
its emergence in Asia late last year, the virus has spread to every continent except
Antarctica. Cases are rising daily in Africa the Americas, and Europe.
Countries are racing to slow the spread of the virus by testing and treating
patients, carrying out contact tracing, limiting travel, quarantining citizens, and
cancelling large gatherings such as sporting events, concerts, and schools.
The pandemic is moving like a wave—one that may yet crash on those least
able to cope.
Adapted from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/coronavirus.html

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
SCORING RUBRIC FOR ACTIVITY 5

3 2 1
Clarity The language is The language is The statement is
very clear and understandable. not clear.
straightforward. It Most part of the
follows good statement follow
grammar and good grammar.
writing mechanics.
Contestability The statement The statement The statement is
gives an opinion or gives limited point not opinionated. It
claim. It is not an of view. is a statement of
absolute fact fact
Concentration The statement The statement The statement
deals with a single exposes various doesn’t have a
idea. and separated clear topic at all.
ideas.
Connection and The statement is The statement is The statement
Convincingness supported by the somehow contradicts the
rest of the text. supported by the evidences in the
evidences in the text
text.
Rating Explanation and

Recommendations
9-12 Effective thesis statement
6-8 Modify your thesis statement
5 and below Write another thesis statement

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Reflection
K-W-L chart below.

References
• ABS-CBN News.(2012).Are Ilocanos really ‘kuripot’?.Retrieved from

https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/07/31/12/are-ilocanos-really-big-savers
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Show Me the Science - Why
Wash Your Hands?. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/why-
handwashing.html
• Cross, C. (2012). Social Distancing: Why Keeping Your Distance Helps Keep
Others Safe. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-
issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Social-Distancing-Why-Keeping-Your-
Distance-Helps-Keep-Others-Safe.aspx
• Cuarteros, J.B. (2016).The Social Life of the Itawes as Reflected in the Major
themes of their Literature. Retrieved from
http://ijassh.com/index.php/IJASSH/article/viewFile/214/225
• Latech Edu. (n.d.) Thesis Exercises. Retrieved from
https://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/removed/thesis.html
• Lumen Learning (n.d.). Guide to Writing. Retrieved from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/styleguide/chapter/how-to-write-a-thesis-
statement/
• MegaEssays.com. (n.d.) Students and Cyber-Bullying. Retrieved from
https://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/203969.html
• Melad, J.M.(2014). Ybanag Unoni: Reflective Of Values And Virtues.Retrieved
from
https://www.academia.edu/37468233/YBANAG_UNONI_REFLECTIVE_OF_VAL
UES_AND_VIRTUES

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• Story Map Journal. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal
• Svonavec, S. (2017). The Effects of Online Shopping. Retrieved from
http://belltower.mtaloy.edu/2017/09/the-effects-of-online-shopping/
• United Nations Development Program. (n.d.). COVID-19 pandemic Humanity
needs leadership and solidarity to defeat the coronavirus. Retrieved from
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/coronavirus.html
• Nanopdf.(n.d.).The Difference between Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences.
Retrieved from https://nanopdf.com/download/thesis-statement-vs-topic-
sentence_pdf
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1
1. FALSE 3. TRUE 5. TRUE
2. FALSE 4. FALSE
Activity 2
1. The planet closest to the sun is Mercury.
NOT GOOD -The sentence is a statement of fact.
2. The Columbus Cavaliers have trouble at the defensive end and linebacker
positions, and front- office tensions don't help, but the team should be able to
make the play-offs.
NOT GOOD – The sentence is not unified.
3. Common sense is sometimes the enemy of genius.
GOOD
4. Too many people get divorced for trivial reasons.
GOOD
5. The thesis of this paper is the difficulty of solving our environmental problems.
NOT GOOD – The sentence is a declaration of the subject.
Activity 3
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS

AT ALL TIMES

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Activity 4
1. For the Ybanags, health is of paramount importance.
2. The spirit of solidarity is very visible to Ivatans.
3. There are two virtues that the Ybanags are much known for. These are their
high sense of religiosity and deep spirituality.
4. Data from the National Statistical Coordination Board shows that Ilocanos are
not as thrifty as everyone thinks they are.
5. The study found very rich cultural values in the folk literature of the Itawes.
Activity 5 (Suggested answers.)

1. Social distancing is an important and effective way to slow down the spread of
this virus.
2. Keeping hands clean is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid
getting sick and spreading germs to others.
3. Despite its hard hit on physical businesses, online shopping has proved to
have many positive advantages for consumers.
4. Due to the development of our technology today, cyber-bullying has become
one of the most difficult issues to resolve in our society
5. The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of
our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since World War Two.
Prepared by:
CARLOS B. GARCIA
Writer
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English for Academic and Professional Purposes

realers (B&B University College )

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley) Regional

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: Leonard A. Gelacio, Cordon South CS, SDO Isabela

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Background Information for Learners

As a student, you will be asked to write different kinds of academic texts

Natural Science Social Science Formal Science Applied Science

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Academic writing in the sciences is mainly done to inform the readers or to

Directions and Instructions

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Teacher Gian Teacher Pinky

1. The kind of audience I must consider a. Academics

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PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Activity: IMPERSONAL LANGUAGE

A standard graphical representation was used

The question of…

1. I surveyed the literature and discovered...

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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• I think______________ is better than __________.

• __________________is better because________________________

• Now you know why___________________ is better than ___________

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Subject: Social Science

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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ACADEMIC WRITING ACTIVITY

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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What I KNOW What I WANT to know What I have LEARNED

reference as: Mkandawire, S. B. (2015). LTC1100 Language Use in Academic Writing.

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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d. Mostly simple sentences

As to its style, I must remember that: c. Formal language is

The structure of my research must be: c. Clear and well-planned,

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

Downloaded by Antonio Cumes (jorgecumes56@gmail.com)

PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

Downloaded by Antonio Cumes (jorgecumes56@gmail.com)

Background Information for Learners

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PRACTICE HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES

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Compare and Contrast Sequence/ Process

Chronological Problem and Solution

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• I think____ is better than .

• is better because______

• Now you know why_________ is better than _