Slides 2023-06-13 U Lebreuilly

Dinil Bose Palakkatharappil
PhD Now
• Title: Precise ages of stars in the era of large space • Position: Ingénieur-Chercheur
missions Gaia and TESS

• Supervisor: Dr. Rafael Garcia
• Supervisor: Dr. Orlagh Creevey

• LDE3 / IRFU/ DRF/ CEA Saclay
• University of Cote d’azur, Observatory of Cote d’azur

• Office 266 / Building 709
Keywords:
What will I do?: Integration of pipeline for PLATO PDC
Age of Star Clusters

Gap Filling
Asteroseismology
Power Excess Detection
TESS Full Frame Images

Rotation / Magnetic Activity
Gaia Stellar Properties Determination

Maria Valeria Sieyra
2014 - 2019 PhD in Astronomy (Argentina)
2019 - 2020 Postdoc (Argentina)
2020 - 2022 Postdoc (Belgium)
2023 - 2025 Postdoc here! Of. 232
Part of LD3, working with Antoine Strugarek
Research interests:
Solar Physics and Space Weather
✓ MHD waves
✓ Coronal mass ejections
✓ Active regions
maria-valeria.sieyra@cea.fr
Ugo Lebreuilly - Post-doc seminar - June 13th 2023
Gas and dust evolution during the formation of protoplanetary disks
Email: ugo.lebreuilly@cea.fr
Office 224, building 709

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https://ulebreui.github.io/
My journey Ugo Lebreuilly - Post-doc seminar - June 13th 2023

4
My journey Ugo Lebreuilly - Dap Post-doc seminar - June 13th 2023
Before the Ph.D (1992-2017)
ENS Cachan (2013-2017)

M1 internship in London in summer 2015
1 year of research in Brussels in 2016 (Siess &
Lebreuilly 2018)

5
During the Ph.D (2017-2020)
Dir. Commerçon at CRAL (ENS Lyon)

(Lebreuilly et al., 2019 & 2020)
Stays at AMNH (collab. Mac Low; see

Lebreuilly et al., 2023b and Marchand et al.,
2021, 2022 & 2023) and Monash Univ
(collab. Price; see Commerçon et al., 2022)

6
Since the Ph.D (2020+)
Post-doc on the ECOGAL project (PI: Hennebelle)

since 2020 at LMPA
Large international collaboration:
Lebreuilly et al., 2021 & Cacciapuoti et al., 2023;

Hennebelle et al., 2022; Pacetti et al., 2022
See also (outside of ECOGAL):
Lebreuilly et al, 2023a; Hennebelle & Lebreuilly 2023

7
From molecular clouds to protoplanetary disks (… to planets)
Molecular clouds &

Protostellar collapse
Class 0-I
Class II (T-Tauri)
Class III (debris)
Star(s) & planet(s)
dense cores
(~100 kyr) (< 1 Myr) (~1 Myr) (~10 Myr) (~Gyr)

(~ Myr)
Protoplanetary disks

8
Part I : Disk formation is not an isolated process
Part II : Dust evolution cannot be neglected

9
The ECOGAL project
ERC synergy (PIs : Hennebelle, Klessen, Molinari, Testi)
International collaboration (~100 researchers) between

CEA, Heidelberg Univ, IAPS & ESO Munich/Florence Univ
Goal: A complete self-consistent modelling of the Milky-

Way from galactic scales down to planetary systems.
Methods:
Simulations of the galaxy including the impact of large

scales on small scales and the feedback of small scale on
large scales.
Observations of the Galaxy at all scales

10
The ECOGAL project
ERC synergy (PIs : Hennebelle, Klessen, Molinari, Testi)
International collaboration (~100 researchers) between My work in ECOGAL

CEA, Heidelberg Univ, IAPS & ESO Munich/Florence Univ
Goal: A complete self-consistent modelling of the Milky-

Way from galactic scales down to planetary systems.
Methods:
Simulations of the galaxy including the impact of large

scales on small scales and the feedback of small scale on
large scales.
Observations of the Galaxy at all scales

11
Disk formation is not an isolated process
Most disks/stars form as a population in turbulent molecular clouds
Carina nebula with the JWST (CREDITS : NASA)


12
On the diversity of protoplanetary disks
Diversity of properties (mass, radius) Diversity of structures
VANDAM survey - Sheehan et al., 2022 e.g. DSHARP survey : Andrews et al., 2018

13
On the diversity of protoplanetary disks … and planets
Catalogue of confirmed exoplanets generated with exoplanet.eu (17/07/2022)


14
Synthetic populations of protoplanetary disks
Aim
Reproducing and understanding this diversity of protoplanetary disks in our galaxy.
Methods
Simulations from the scales of star forming regions (parsec) down to those of disks (astronomical units)
-> Multiscale
Relevant physics:
- (Non ideal) Magnetohydrodynamics

- Self-gravity
- Radiation
- Stellar feedback
- Dust
-> Multi-physics
The AMR code RAMSES (Teyssier 2002) is the perfect tool for that

15
From parsec to au scales
0.765 pc before zooming-in

0.066 pc after zooming-in

Lebreuilly et al., 2021 & Lebreuilly et al., sub 16
16
Disk diversity in the models

17
Impact of the core scale magnetic field
Large disks Angular momentum

Disk size vs magnetic field
Mediation by the charged particles

(Dust, ions & electrons)
Small disk Magnetic braking

−0.5
Rdisk ∝ Bz

18
Influence of the clump scale magnetic field
Strong field
Weak field
Note : Weak field = Strong field/5
SFE= star formation efficiency
The clump magnetic field affects the disk sizes for the full population !

19
Future prospects : Inclusion of even larger scales
My work in ECOGAL
Tine Colman’s work in ECOGAL

20
20
Credits : T. Colman & P. Hennebelle


21
21
Before zooming-in After zooming-in

22
22
Other future prospects
Synthetic observations of the models and comparison with observations (Ngo Duy et al., in prep)
Influence of the protostellar jets
Formation of multiple systems (M1 internship Erwan Cherier)
Planet formation in those disks (collab. IAPS, Univ Heibelberg)

23
23
Part I : Disk formation is not an isolated process
Part II : Dust evolution cannot be neglected

24
Another component : the interstellar dust
~1% of the ISM mass under the form of solid particle.
This dust plays a major role:
• Cooling & heating processes in the ISM

• Chemistry (e.g. H2 formation)
• Observational tracer of the gas (assuming 1% dust-to-gas ratio)
• Coupling the gas and the magnetic field during the collapse
Interplanetary dust grain (Jessberger et al., 2001)
• And of course planet formation
dn −3.5
Dust size distribution of the diffuse ISM (MRN) : ∝s
ds
This distribution is expected to change during star formation

25
Gas + dust hydrodymamics (Saffman 1962) :
∂ρg
+ ∇ ⋅ ρg v g⃗ = 0
∂t
∂ρg v g⃗
⃗
Gas
+ ∇(ρg v g⃗ ⊗ v g⃗ +Pg𝕀) = ρg f+K Δv

⃗
∂t
∂ρd
+ ∇ ⋅ ρd v d⃗ = 0
∂t
∂ρd v d⃗ ⃗
Dust
+ ∇ρd v d⃗ ⊗ v d⃗ = ρd f−K Δv
⃗
∂t Drag force

26
Dust dynamics in RAMSES. Tests
Diffusion (DUSTYDIFFUSE) Damping of sound waves
Scaling & 2nd Order
(DUSTYWAVE)
0.03 t = 1 Multiple phases
t = 5 1.2
Dust ratio ≤
Dust, K=50
Dust, K=1000
0.02 t = 10 6
1.0
t = 20
0.01
max(|±Ωd |) (x 104 )
tCPU (s)
0.8
4
/N
0.00 0.6
0.03 Single phase 0.4 2

Dust ratio ≤
p
0.02 0.2 / N
2 4 6 8 10
0.01 0.0 N
1.4
Gas
0.00 1.2 / ¢x
10°3
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
x 1.0
10°5
max(|±Ωg |) (x 104 )
Shock (DUSTYSHOCK)
L2 norm
0.8 Minmod
°7 No slope limiter
10 Second-order slope
0.5 gas 13 0.5 dust 13 0.6 First-order slope
12 12 10°9
0.4 0.4 0.4
11 11
/ ¢x2
AMR Level
AMR Level
°11
0.3 0.3 0.2 10
Ωd
Ωg
10 10
0.2 9 0.2 9 0.0 10°3 10°2

1.0 Cell size ¢x
8 8
0.1 0.1
7 7 10°4
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
0.8 / ¢x
°5
max(|±vg,x |) (x 104 ) 10
1.0 13 13
0.6
12 0.8 12 10°6
0.8
L2 norm
11 11
AMR Level
AMR Level
0.6 0.4 10°7

0.6 / ¢x2
Pg
10 10
v
0.4 10°8 Minmod

0.4 9 9 0.2 No slope limiter
0.2 10°9 AMR grid
8 8 Second-order slope
0.2
0.0 First-order slope
7 0.0 7
0 2 4 6 8 10 10°10
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 10°2
x x t
Cell size ¢x

Lebreuilly et al., 2019 27
Dust dynamics during the protostellar collapse
Disque
The differential dynamics of gas and dust could give birth to dust enriched pp. disks

Lebreuilly et al., 2020; see also Lebreuilly et al., 2019 for the implementation of dust dynamics in RAMSES 28
Coagulation and fragmentation
Coagulation Fragmentation
Low energy collisions High energy collisions
Problem: this is very challenging to model in full 3D simulations !
SHARK (https://github.com/ulebreui/shark)
Coagulation/fragmentation
Gas & dust hydrodynamics (1D cartesian & spherical /2D)
Ionisation computed on the fly

Lebreuilly et al., 2023b 29
Protostellar collapse : coagulation

Protostellar collapse : coagulation + fragmentation

Impact on the resistivities … and disk formation
Large disks Angular momentum
Large (or fewer) grains

Resistivity [s]
Resistivity
Mediation by the charged particles
(Dust, ions & electrons)
Small grains
MRN (no evolution)

Small disk Magnetic braking
Coagulation alone
Coagulation + fragmentation

Future prospects
Dust coagulation (simplified)+ dynamics in 3D
Detailed exploration of the dust growth mechanism during the collapse (Goy et al., in prep)
Searching for (magneto)hydrodynamical dust instabilities during the collapse (Ph.D, V. Goy)
Dusty-turbulence (Ph.D, G. Verrier)
Gas and dust chemistry during the collapse (Navarro Almaida et al., in prep)

33
Thank you for your attention !

34

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Dinil Bose Palakkatharappil

missions Gaia and TESS

• Supervisor: Dr. Orlagh Creevey

• University of Cote d’azur, Observatory of Cote d’azur

Age of Star Clusters

TESS Full Frame Images

Gaia Stellar Properties Determination

Gas and dust evolution during the formation of protoplanetary disks

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Before the Ph.D (1992-2017)

ENS Cachan (2013-2017)

Oﬃce 224, building 709

During the Ph.D (2017-2020)

Dir. Commerçon at CRAL (ENS Lyon)

Stays at AMNH (collab. Mac Low; see

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Since the Ph.D (2020+)

Post-doc on the ECOGAL project (PI: Hennebelle)

Large international collaboration:

Lebreuilly et al., 2021 & Cacciapuoti et al., 2023;

See also (outside of ECOGAL):

Lebreuilly et al, 2023a; Hennebelle & Lebreuilly 2023

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Molecular clouds &

(~100 kyr) (< 1 Myr) (~1 Myr) (~10 Myr) (~Gyr)

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Part II : Dust evolution cannot be neglected

Oﬃce 224, building 709

ERC synergy (PIs : Hennebelle, Klessen, Molinari, Testi)

International collaboration (~100 researchers) between

Goal: A complete self-consistent modelling of the Milky-

Simulations of the galaxy including the impact of large

Observations of the Galaxy at all scales

Oﬃce 224, building 709

ERC synergy (PIs : Hennebelle, Klessen, Molinari, Testi)

International collaboration (~100 researchers) between My work in ECOGAL

Goal: A complete self-consistent modelling of the Milky-

Simulations of the galaxy including the impact of large

Observations of the Galaxy at all scales

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Carina nebula with the JWST (CREDITS : NASA)

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Catalogue of confirmed exoplanets generated with exoplanet.eu (17/07/2022)

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Reproducing and understanding this diversity of protoplanetary disks in our galaxy.

- (Non ideal) Magnetohydrodynamics

Oﬃce 224, building 709

0.765 pc before zooming-in

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Large disks Angular momentum

Mediation by the charged particles

Small disk Magnetic braking

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Note : Weak field = Strong field/5

SFE= star formation eﬃciency

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Tine Colman’s work in ECOGAL

Oﬃce 224, building 709

Credits : T. Colman & P. Hennebelle

Oﬃce 224, building 709