COMMITTEE ON SAFETY EDUCATION 2014

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INTRODUCTION

Clear your mind

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 COURSE OBJECTIVES:
After completing this seminar,
PHASE attendees will:

1. Understand the fundamentals of

electricity.
2. Effects of Electricity on the Human Body.
3. The hazards associated with Electricity.
4. Control measures to reduce the risks
associated with Electricity.
5. Key documentation required to ensure a
safe and healthy working environment
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1. Understanding ELECTRICITY

1. Mechanical analogy
2. Familiarization with
terminologies
a. Electric Current
b. Voltage
c. Resistance
d. Conductor
e. Insulator

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 Mechanical Analogy of
ELECTRICITY
1. How do water flow from the pump to the pipe then back
to pump? The flow of water which is the water current
is compared to the flow of electrons in a circuit which
is electric current.
2. The water pressure which is compared to the voltage
of electricity
3. If you shut off the valve of the
water pipe the water flow stop. X
If you switch off the switch of
electricity and current will not
flow in the electrical
conductor.

4. The friction of the pipe which

is compared to the resistance
acting against the current in a
conductor. 5
 How is electricity measured?
 The "pressure"
(voltage) that "pushes"
electrons through a
circuit is measured in
VOLT.
 The flow of electrons
(current) passing a
given point is
measured in AMPERE
(amp).
 The opposition to the
flow of electrons
(resistance) is
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measured in OHM.
 What are Direct Currents and
Alternating Currents? (DC & AC)

 Direct Current (DC):

Current that flows in
one direction and
voltage never
changes, like a car
battery.
 Alternating Current
(AC): Current that
changes direction at
a regular rate, like
electrical current
supplied to your
home. 7
 What is an electrical
conductor?
 A material having many
free electrons that can
move easily.
 A good conductor; for
example, copper wire
allows billions of
electrons to flow in the
same direction, thus
providing a great path
for energy to electrical
systems and equipment.

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What is an electrical insulator?

 A material having few free

electrons that cannot move
easily.
 Rubber, dry wood, porcelain,
and clay are good insulators.
 Insulators prevent electricity
from flowing where it should
not flow and control the flow of
electricity in order to prevent
accidents.

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Which kills, Current or Voltage?

An average individual think of the

hazards of electric shock in terms of
high voltage- does not realize that
primarily it is the current that kills
and not the voltage.
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ELECTROCUTED

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 What are voltage and
resistance?
The amount of current that flows in a circuit
depends on voltage and resistance:

 The "pressure" that

pushes electrons
through a circuit is
called voltage.

 The opposition the

circuit offers to the
flow of electrons is
called resistance.
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 What are Insulators and
Conductors?
Atom
2(N)2
• Valence electron 2(1)2 = 2
2(2)2 = 8
2(3)2 = 18
2(4)2 = 32

Copper = 29 valence electrons

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INTRODUCTION

Work Shop

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2. Understanding Electrical Hazards

Electrical Hazards can be

categorized into three types:
1. Electric Shock
2. Burns
3. Arc-Blast
4. Fires
5. and Explosions
 The Nature of
ELECTRICAL INJURIES
How does alternating current affect
the body?
 At 0.4 mA: No sensation.
 At 1.1 mA: A slight
tingling sensation.
 At 1.8 mA: Shock.
 At 16 mA: Painful shock.
Loss of muscle control
can cause the person to
lock on to the source.
 Above 23 mA: Severe
injuries and possible
death. 1 milliampere = 1/1000 of an ampere 16
 How does current travel
through the body?

 The body, is composed mostly of water and is

a conductor of electricity, so current travels
easily.
 Current travels a path of least resistance to
complete its circuit.
 This path could be through upper limbs or
between upper and lower limbs.
 If this includes the heart and respiratory
systems, it can result in serious injury.

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 Extent of injury from
an electric shock

Three factors:
Electrocution Electric shock

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How does current travel
through the body?

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Complete Electric Path (circuit)

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 Extent of injury from
an electric shock

Three factors:
Electrocution Electric shock

Time
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 How Electric Shock
affect a victim
Ventricular Fibrillation
 Electrical current can cause
a rapid irregular contraction
of the heart muscle and lack
of synchronism between
heartbeat and pulse.
 Can lead to immediate heart
and/or respiratory failure
requiring CPR.
 Sometimes symptoms may
not appear until later; if you
receive a shock, report it to
the nurse immediately to 22
ensure no problems exist.
 How does current enter the body?

 Typical points of
entry are the
hands and feet as
they come in
contact with
electrical current.
 Moisture beneath a
ring or watch will
decrease the
skin's resistance
and allow current
flow.
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2 Minutes BREAK

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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

What is your role in safety?

Start recognizing the hazards in your
workplace by going around and look
for :
UNSAFE CONDITION
UNSAFE ACTS
REPORT ALL SAFETY VIOLATIONS…
AND HAVE THEM IMMEDIATELY
CORRECTED BEFORE AN ACCIDENT
OCCURS. 25
3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

SAFETY VIOLATION CHECKLIST

(UNSAFE CONDITION/ACT) :

 Wiring method is of the approved type for the

purpose and location.
 Insulators has no sign of deterioration.
 Panel Boards has no sign of overloading.
 Switches/Devices are in good condition.
 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment,
etc, is adequate.
 Equipment Grounding is effectively connected.
 Hazardous materials stored near the electrical
equipment/lines
 Permits/Clearances/Hold Tags/Lockout are used.
 Safe Working practices followed

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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose

and location.

 Insulators has no sign of deterioration.

 Safe Working practices

followed

WIRING METHOD DO NOT

CONFORM WITH STANDARD

Rectify to conform with NFPA 70

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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

Unsafe equipment
and/or faulty
installation;
Installation or repair
by non electrical
personnel;
Unsafe work
practices;
Lack of/poor
maintenance.

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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Switches/Devices are in good condition.

 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, lines,
etc is adequate.
 Equipment Grounding is effectively connected.
 Safe Working practices followed

1. A double insulated drill

(no ground pin) was
used in a wet location.
Water entered the drill
housing and current
flowed through the
water and cause
electrocution

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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Equipment Grounding is effectively connected.

Because ground-
fault current path to
the Source is not
provided, the metal
parts of the
electrical system
will remain
energized with
dangerous voltage
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3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Hazardous materials stored near the electrical

equipment/lines.

 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose

and location.

 Physical Protection of electrical panels/equipment, etc

is adequate.

 Safe Working practices followed

FLAMMABLE
LIQUID
3

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 3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose

and location.

 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, etc, is

adequate.

 Safe Working practices followed

X
3. Electrical Hazard Recognition

 Safe Working practices followed.

• Never use ladder
made of metal when
doing electrical works

• Water is a good
conductor of
electricity and must
be avoided when
using electrically
operated tools.

• Always use
appropriate PPE
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Exercise

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 4. Control Measures

2. An individual with moist hands was electrocuted

while winding up a damaged extension cord
when his skin got contacted with naked wiring
in the extension cord.

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 4. Control Measures

Electrical Fire can take place due to:

• Short/overloaded circuit
• Loose terminals and connections
• Deteriorated/damaged insulation
• Use of substandard fuse, wire and connections
• Bypassing of safety devices
• Grounding defects or inadequate grounding
• Overrated fuse
• Storage of flammable material near electrical
equipment

FLAMMABLE
LIQUID
3

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 Documentation

What’s next?
What actions will you take?

 Enforce company safety

procedures.
 Report and correct safety
violations or accidents.
 Be a safety role model. 37
 Documentation

If you observe a safety violation,

you should:
 STOP the violation, if possible.
 REPORT, verbally, the situation to the
supervisor in charge immediately.
 RECORD the details in a report form.
 Give copies of report to concerned
supervisor/manager for immediate action
 FOLLOW-UP with the supervisor on what
is being done. 38
 Documentation

Motivate employee’s to :
 Follow all safety procedures.
 Report all safety hazards
and violations.

Conduct Safety meetings,

and safety talks.

Display Safety
Posters in bulletin
boards and in
prominent
locations 39
 Documentation

Report No:
PLANT/FACILITY/LOCATION: Date:

UNSAFE CONDITION / PRACTICE REPORT

OBSERVATION: RECOMMENDATION: ACTION TAKEN/REMARKS:

REPORTED BY: ACTION TAKEN BY:

SAFETY OFFICER

CC: Project Manager

Sr. Project Engineer
General Foreman
Supervisor in charge 40
HSE File
 ICEBREAKER: CHECK YOUR IQ (IMAGINATION QUOTIENT)

6. CYCLE
1. Sand
CYCLE
CYCLE

2. MAN 7. GROUND
BOARD
FEET
FEET
FEET
3. STAND
FEET
I
FEET
FEET

4. R E A D I N G

5. R
ROAD
A
D

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5. EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

What are the proper

steps for responding
to an electrical
accident?

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 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

YOU WANT TO HELP! DO NOT

TOUCH HIM UNTIL YOU HAVE
ISOLATED THE POWER SOURCE.

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Step #1: Turn off the Power

 Find the
Emergency
Machine Off
(EMO) button and
turn off the
power.
 Know in advance
where these
buttons are
located.
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Step #2: Safely Free the Person

 If it is not possible to
find the EMO switch,
attempt to safely free
the person with proper
equipment such as a
body hook, non-
conductive harness, or
other non-conductive
object to pry or knock
the person free.
 Never attempt to pull
the person away by
hand; you could also
lock onto the source.
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 Step #3: Do Not Leave
the Person

Call for help

999
 Stay with the
person until
help arrives.
 Inform people
in the area in
order to avoid
further injuries.
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Any Question?

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Philippine Association of Safety Engineers

Take CHARGE for Electrical Safety

S. H. E. Q. *** 2014 49