Present Perfect

● Uso:

- Ações que aconteceram no passado sem tempo específico.

“I have traveled to Disney”

- Ações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente.

“ I have lived here since 2020”

● Estrutura

AFF: Subject + Have \ Has + past participle

“ We have written love letters” “She has written love letters”

NEG: Subject + Have \ Has + Not (haven’t \ hasn’t) + Past participle

“We haven’t written love letters” “She hasn’t written love letters”

INT: Have \ has + Subject + past participle

“Have we written love letters?” “Has she written love letters?”

Time Tradução Estrutura Localização Exemplo

Expressions

Just Acabar de Aff \ Neg \ Int Entre Have\ has “I have just
e o verbo finished eating”

Already já Aff Entre Have\ has “ I have already

e o verbo done my
homework”

Still Ainda Neg Antes do Have \ “I still haven’t

has found what I’m
looking for”

Yet Ainda Neg \ Int No final “I haven’t

studied yet”

Ever Alguma vez Int Entre o sujeito e “Have you ever

o verbo been to Disney”

Never Nunca Aff Entre Have\ has “I have never

e o verbo left Brazil”

For Por Aff \ Neg \ Int Antes do “I have lived in

marcador de Paris for 3
tempo years”

Since desde Aff \ Neg \ Int Antes do tempo “I have lived in

específico da Paris since
frase. 2020”
 Present Perfect Continuous

★ Uso

- Ações que começaram no passado e continuam em progresso no present

“I have been singing for 3 hours now”

- Ações que vem acontecendo no presente

“I have been taking a course on writing since last week”

★ Estrutura

AFF: Subject + have \ has + been + verbo com o ING

“They have been learning English”

NEG: Subject + have \ has + not + been + verbo com o ING

“They haven’t been learning English”

INT: Have \ has + Subject + been + verbo com o ING

“ Have they been learning English”

Comparatives

★ Uso

- Comparar duas coisas ou duas pessoas

“She is prettier than you”

A) Superioridade

- Adjetivos longos: More + Adj + than

“Tom Cruise is more beautiful than Leonardo DiCaprio”

- Adjetivos curtos: Adj + er + than

“Tom Cruise is prettier than Leonardo DiCaprio”

B) Inferioridade

- Adjetivos longos \ curtos: Less + Adj + than

“ Leonardo DiCaprio is less pretty than Tom Cruise”
C) Igualdade

- Adjetivos Longos \ Curtos: as + Adj + as

“ Tom Cruise is as Beautiful as Leonardo DiCaprio”

Superlatives

★ Uso

- Comparar um pessoa ou uma coisa com um grupo

“She is the prettiest girl at the party”

A) Superioridade

- Adjetivos Longo: The most + adj

“ Lewis Hamilton is the most beautiful driver”

- Adjetivos Curtos: The + adj + est

“Lewis Hamilton is the prettiest driver”

B) Inferioridade

- Adjetivos Longos\ curtos: The least + adj

“Ferrari is the least intelligent team in F1”

★ Exceções

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Wost

Far Farther \ Further Farthest \ Futhest

Fun more fun The most fun