PERFECT TENSES
Past Perfect
The Past Perfect Simple or Past
Perfect is used to:
Talk about actions from the
past that have already ended
and that occurred before
another action.
structure
Subject + had + Past Participle + Sentence
Examples:
✅ Affirmative
• I had eaten all the food by the time
you arrived.
• I had listened to that song before it
was famous.
❌ Negative
• She hadn’t seen me, so I got closer.
• We hadn’t visited that restaurant
until you told us to.
Present Perfect Future Perfect
The Present Perfect Simple or
just Present Perfect is used to: The Simple Future Perfect or
Talk about events from the just Future Perfect is used for:
past that continue to have an Talk about actions that will
impact or importance in the start and end in the future.
present.
structure
structure
Subject + will + have + Past Participle +
Subject + have/has + Past Participle + Sentence
Sentence.
Examples:
Examples:
✅ Affirmative
✅ Affirmative
• She will have arrived from London by your
• They have played that game for a really long
birthday, don’t worry.
time, maybe it’s time to stop.
• I will have done all my chores by ten, after
• I have studied French before, but I really
that I’m free.
can’t speak it.
❌ Negative
❌ Negative
• You can come, by the time you finish work
the match won’t have ended.
• We haven’t seen her, but I call you if we do.
• They won’t have finished the test by the
• I haven’t been to México, but I would love to
time you arrive, so we can meet.
visit it someday.