Present perfect

Asignatura: Professional English 1

Docente: Marco Meza
 Lesson plan
• Forms
• regular
• irregular
• informal
• Usage
• Affirmative
• Negative
• Interrogative
• Simple questions
• Information questions

• Exercises
 Form
• The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 words:
• the auxiliary verb
• Affirmative:
• have and has
• Negative:
• have not / has not
• Interrogative:
• Have … / Has …
• the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb
• Regular: worked
• Irregular: seen
 Affirmative
She has worked in that office for six years

auxiliary past participle

It has barked non stop all night long

We have already explained that Procedure

auxiliary past participle

You have thought about the wedding for too long

 Affirmative
• I have already eaten breakfast.
Past participle
• She has seen that movie before. irregular form
• We have dealt with customers for many years.

• She has used a cash register before.

• He has worked for that company since May. Past participle
• We have already served their food. regular form
 Negative
She has not worked in that office for six years

auxiliary + not past participle

It has not barked at all all night long

We have not already explained that Procedure

auxiliary + not past participle

You have not thought about the wedding for too long
 Interrogative
• Have I not already eaten breakfast?
Past participle
• Has she seen that movie before? irregular form
• Have we dealt with customers for many years?

• How often has she used a cash register?

• How long has he worked for that company ? Past participle
• Where have we already served their food? regular form
 Interrogative
Has she worked in that office for six years?

auxiliary past participle

Has it barked at all all night long

How many times have we already explained that Procedure?

Question word / phrase auxiliary past participle

How long have you thought about the wedding

CONTRACTIONS (informal)
• I have I’ve I haven´t
• You have You’ve you haven
´t
• We have We’ve We haven
´t
• They have They’ve They
haven´t
• He has He’s He hasn´t
• She hasI have livedShe’s
in Moscow for two She hasn´t
years.
• It has It’s It hasn´t
I’ve lived in Moscow for two years
Action or event in the past
Usage
 Completed action
• To talk about a completed past action at an unspecified time in the
past.
• It happened sometime before now.
• But not any specific time.

I have already eaten breakfast.

She has seen that film before. When did it happen?

I have not already eaten breakfast. Have I already eaten breakfast?

She has not seen that film before. Where has she seen that film before?
 Have you ever….? Short answers

• Have you ever worked at a job you really loved?

• Did you work at a job you really loved at least once?
Yes, I have.
• Has she ever worked at a job she really hated?
• Did she hate a job at least once? No, she hasn’t..
• Have they ever used a cash machine?
• Did they use a cash machine at least once?
• Have you ever supervised other employees? No, they haven’t.
• Did you supervise the employees at least once?
No, we haven’t.
 Have you ever met a famous person?
Ever (Did you meet a famous person at any
time in the past.)
Ever = 'at any time’
• the specific time is unknown or
unnecessary She has not ever gone to Brazil
(She does not know Brazil)
• it is used in questions
• It is also used in negative expressions
Ever is also used with nothing, nobody As far as everybody knows, nobody
• for things that have not happened has ever travelled through time
before.
Ever is also used with 'the first time' for first
This is the first time I have
experiences.
ever eaten snake soup.
 Never

• Never is originally a contraction of 'not

ever’ Have you ever been abroad?
No, I have never been abroad.
(I have never had that
• Never means the subject has not had a experience before.)

certain experience before.

• Never is used in in affirmative

expressions
You have never played chess.
 • I have already eaten breakfast

Already • She has already read that

book.
• You are too late. He has
• Already means that something already left for school

happened earlier than we expected • We have already had our

• Already usually goes after the
auxiliary (have / has) and before the
main verb.
• Already is used to talk about things
that have happened before now.
breakfast.
• When are you going to do your
homework?
But I have already done it!
• Do you want a cup of coffee?
No, thanks. I have already had
one.

• Do you want a cup of coffee?

No, thanks. I have already had
one.
 •
Yet
Have you bought your mother a
present yet?
• Has she seen that movie yet?
• Yet means that something expected has
• Have they left for school yet?
happened or has not happened
• It is usually put it at the end of a • Sorry, I have not done it yet
• It looks as if it has not stopped
sentence. working yet.

• Yet is usually used in questions to find out

if something has happened before now

• Has the post arrived yet?

• Have you done your homework?
Not yet
• Have you not got ready yet? Look at the time!
 Not for a specific time in the past tense
• Specific moment words in the past are used with the simple past tense

• When did they use a cash register?

• Last year They used a cash register last year.

• yesterday • Have you spoken to your wife yet?

Well, I did it yesterday.
• two years ago
• last week • When did you supervise other people?
I supervised other people two years ago.

• Has there been any delay in the production?

Yes, there was one very early on Monday
morning last week
Continued past action
Usage
 Action began in the past and continues to now
• For and since indicate the length of time or duration of something

• She has lived in Europe for 2 months.

• Remember, this has been going on for more than a decade.

• Has anybody understood the speech since the noise started?

• I have not studied at this school since last June.

 Since
1. SINCE + POINT IN TIME
• To show when something started
• since 5:00
• since Monday
• since 1994
I have worked at this job since last year.
He has lived in Florida since March.
They have been married since 1985.

2. SINCE can also introduce a

time clause
• I have lived in Belgium since I moved to
Europe but have worked in Switzerland
 FOR + LENGTH OF TIME

• Present perfect with “for” + length of time show how long a present condition has lasted
I have worked at this job for one year.
• for one year
He has traveled thorough China for 9
• for 9 months . months
• for years
• for a long time We have known each other for years

• To know the length of time in which They have been married for a long time
something has taken place,
the question words “HOW LONG?” are used How long has she practiced managing the
console controls?
 EXERCISES
Present perfect
 Write affirmative and negative sentences using the given
words
Example: He / lose / his passport.
He has lost his passport .
1) We / not / finish / our work.
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2) They / buy / a new house.
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3) Rachel / visit / India / five times / ?
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4) They / not / be / work / night shifts since January.
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 Write affirmative and negative sentences using the given words

5) How long / You / borrow / your co-worker pliers / ?

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6) you / think / she / not / leave / the station / yet / ?
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7) I / not / do / any homework / this week.
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8) We / not / study / French / secondary school.
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9) Somebody / switch on / the fire alarm / every day / this week
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 Write questions and answer them
19) She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister?
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11) They / phone / the doctor?
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12) You / take / any photographs?
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13) He / make / any mistakes?
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14) We / watch / any television today?
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 Complete the following sentences with for or since
She has worked as a secretary since 1991.
15) They have been married ________ a few years.
16) They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time.
17) He has written 5 books ________ I met him.
18) We have not seen them ________ several weeks.
19) I have not been to the beach ________ last summer.
20) Have you used the phone ________ you arrived?
21) We have not heard any noise ________ many hours.
22) Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?
 Write sentences in Present Perfect form and using since
or for
23) I / not / play / tennis / last summer.
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24) I /not / can / I / know / her / more than ten years.
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25) I / be / starving / because / I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime.
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26) You / live / in this town / a long time?
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 Write sentences in Present Perfect form and using since
or for
27) Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together.
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28) You / see / Jack / he left the party last lefweek?
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29) How often / you / buy / spare parts for the propeller / Last November?
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 Correct the following sentences
30) I have played tennis last week.
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31) They have finished work yet.
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32) When you bought that umbrella?
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33) Look! I have buy a new umbrella.
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 Correct the following sentences
34) I have bought three CDs last week.
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35) She did not saw that film.
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36) She has not never seen that film.
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 Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present
Perfect tense
London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century.
The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and
workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________
(go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a
very short line. Eight more lines _________ (open) since then. The world’s first
electric railway ________ (open) in 1890. This line ________ (go) from the city
centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________
(open) in 1977. Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other
cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.