SUBTES 6:

6 LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Read the text to answer questions number 1 to 4.

Because off the rapid spread of COVID-19,

COVID 19, strong transmission, death in severe cases, and no specific drugs,
it poses a major threat to human life and health, and also has a large
large impact on the ment
mental health of the
general public, causing people with different levels of emotional problems. So we can predict that the
outbreak of COVID-19
19 will cause public psychological
psycholo cal reactions such as tension, anxiety, and fear that will
cause psychological disorders such as acute stress disorder, post- traumatic stress dis
disorder, depression and
suicide.

COVID-19
19 is a major threat to the lives and health of nurses and has a large iimpact on their emotional
responses and coping strategies. The study conducted an online questionnaire
questionnaire survey from February 1 to 9,
2020 to investigate the current state of emotional responses and strategies to deal with nurses and nursing
students in Anhui Province. This study uses the COPE Brie Modification method and emotional response
scale. The results found that women showed more anxiety and fear than men. Participants from the city
showed more anxiety and fear than participants
pa from the countryside, but
ut rural participants showed more
sadness than the urban participants. The closer COVID-19
19 is to the participants, the stronger anxiety and
anger.

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Questions number 5-88 are based on the following text.

As Spratt
tt and Sutton (2008:xi) stress, global climate change constitutes
tutes only the exposed "tip of [[a] broader
global-sustainability iceberg,"" which includes a litany of environmental degradations that are now
"converging rapidly in a manner not previously experienced."
experienced." At the same time that climate change is
disrupting the planet's geophysical feedback mechanisms that sustain inhabitable environments.

Earth is also beset by multiple other ecocrises set in motion by human socioeconomic activities (Smil 2008).
Amongg these are nuclear dumping, acid rain, the disappearance of wetlands, pesticide, and other chemical
pollution, air pollution, soil contamination and salinization, a global potable water crisis, ocean acidification,
deforestation, soil depletion, plastic pollution,
p depletion of edible sea life from the oceans, and a general loss
of biodiversity through extinctions. All of these threats are connected to the transformation of the Earth's
biomass into an ever-growing
growing human population (Speth 2008).

These diverse threats, which Foster et al. (2008) label the "environment problem,
problem," have momentous health
implications for humans. As Pimentel et al. (1998) indicate, "Based on the increase in air, water, and soil
pollutants worldwide, we estimate that 40% of human
human deaths each year result from exposure to
environmental pollutants and malnutrition." This recognition has led to the development of the concept of
"health-based
based environmental indicators,"
indicators," which are measures designed to describe the status of human
health
lth as a result of environmental conditions (Vassilev et al. 2001).

Even more significant than the number of health-related

health related degradations that comprise the environmental
problem is the issue of ecocrises interaction. Rather than seeing the various environme
environmental calamities we
face and their respective configurations of health-based
health indicators as standalone
one threats to human well
well-being
- the conventional but limited outlook that leads to fragmented and even competitive mitigation efforts - it is
argued here thatt adverse human impacts
impac on the environment intersect; that the resulting interactions
significantly exacerbate the overall human (and plant and animal) health consequences; and these interacting
ecocrises create the potential for catastrophic outcomes (Rees
(Ree 2003).

5. The primary purpose of this passage is ....

A. To explain the effect of environmental problems and health-based

health based environmental indicators on the
environment.

B. To point out how global climate change evolves. the various threats. and their impact on human
beings and the environment.

C. To show the readers the danger of global climate change.

D. To classify the global climate change influence on Earth.

E. To suggest readers make a movement to prevent global climate change from getting worse.

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8.
Questions number 9-12 are based on the following text.

At the individual level, it is possible and common to imagine one's future life some distance ahead in
time: in the West in fact being asked to ponder questions about our imagined personal future has become
institutionalized in employment interviews and psychological assessments. Citing a pivotal incident from
Rohinton Mistry's (1996) novel. A Fine Balance. Mackenzie (2008:122) writes, "in deliberating, planning,
and in working out how to carry out our personal [life plans], we imaginatively project ourselves into the
future. Such imaginings usually encompass not only our own future actions and their consequences but also
the imagined actions and reactions of others” Moreover, Mackenzie stresses, imaginings of this sort can help
prepare for future events or they can "provide opportunities for self-deception, self-indulgence, wishful
thinking, and other failures of agency leading us to make decisions that we later regret” (Mackenzie
2008:123).

From an anthropological perspective, of course, imagining the future is understood not simply as an
idiosyncratic and individual activity, but rather as a social process involving the narrative construction of
shared cultural meanings. Narrative, defined as "a discourse featuring human adventures and sufferings
connecting motives, acts, and consequences in causal chains" (Mattingly 1998:275), is characterized by
contextually grounded actions that lead to socially meaningful outcomes. In Laurie Price's apt phrase
(1987:315), hearing a narrative augments a listeners "fund of cultural knowledge' with which to confront
future life challenges. In this sense, as Fisher (1984) affirms, the referent of narration is not the fictive world
of entertainment (i.e., storytelling for the sake of amusement or distraction); rather it is the construction of
taken as truthful world understandings. Futures imaginings in narrative form, in effect, are cultural theories
of symbolic actions, words, and/or deeds, that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create, and
interpret them" (Fisher 1984:2). Additionally. as Fisher (1985) points out, to be embraced, an imagined
futures narrative must be characterized by "probability” that is, coherence and consistency that harmonizes
with existing cultural knowledge. Such narratives "ring true" to a population of listeners.

9. How does the second paragraph relate to the first paragraph?

A. Paragraph 2 provides examples to support the argument mentioned in paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2 explains the opposite argument from point of view mentioned in paragraph 1.

C. Paragraph 2 strengthens the point of view mentioned in paragraph 1.

D. Paragraph 2 elaborates an argument from point of view mentioned in paragraph 1.

E. Paragraph 2 points out why two different arguments in paragraph 1 exist

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Read the text to answer questions number 13 – 16

The Republic of the Marshall Islands comprises a group of low-lying

low lying coral atolls and islands in eastern
Micronesia. The country's 60.000 citizens, almost all of them indigenous Marshallese, are now fairly
familiar with scientific discourses of anthropogenic climate change: they learn about the threat not only
through firsthand observation of sea level rise, increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, and so forth but
also through the dissemination of climate
mate science—in
science in particular by the government's Ministry of Education
and various schools: the local non-governmental
governmental organizations (NGOs) including Women United Together
Marshall Islands (WUTMI) and the Marshall Islands Conservation Society (MICS): the cou
country's newspaper
The Marshall Islands Journal: and local radio broadcasts.
br Especially since 2009, these and other outlets have
informed the Marshallese public that scientists have predicted that the sea will rise and destroy the islands or
less apocalyptically,
cally, that changes in temperature, rainfall, and sea level will make Marshallese life more
difficult in the future.

The various voices communicating climate change to the Marshallese public are in some ways unified: all
present climate change as a real danger
ger that will pose severe, quite possibly insurmountable, threats to the
continued habitation of the Marshallese homeland.
homeland. In terms of blame, however, the voices diverge. The
NGO WUTMI has tended
ed to emphasize universal blame, with an emphasis on Marshall Islanders' own
contribution to climate change: that
at is. self-blame.
self For instance, during a climate change
change-themed radio
broadcast in July 2009, a contributor from WUTMI told listeners. "It is us people who are doing it. ruining
the world. God gave us intelligence
ligence so that we won't do things like driving cars so much, using air
conditioning and Styrofoam cups, because they ruin the environment. We must sa
save our small islands:
Meanwhile, government communications on climate change tend to emphasize industrial blame
blame. For
instance, Yumi Crisostomo, former Director of the government's Office of Environmental P
Planning and
Policy Coordination, stated, "The root cause of (climate change) is the unstable concentration of GHG
(greenhouse gas) emissionss by industrialized countries. RMI (Republic of the Marshall Islands) is not
responsible......Climate
..Climate change is a crime, and we will not be silent about it (Skye Hohmann's interview of
Yumi Crisostomo, December 31, 2009).

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16.

Read the text to answer

nswer questions number 17 - 20

The emergence of TikTokas a marketing platform has been increasingly

increasingly consumed by Generation Z, also
known as those individuals who were born between 1997 and 2012, and the new generation that marketers
should focus on. As digital natives, they can acquire more information than previous generations at their age
because they can easily search for anything with an online connection. TikTok's innovative an
and fast-moving
algorithm proves its appeal to young markets globally as it mainly features short
short-form videos to create joy
and encourage creativity among its users. TikTok became a fast-growing
growing social media platform that acquired
a 200% market share in a two-year
year span by April 2019 compared to other social media sites.
ByteDance's TikTok experienced a massive increase in users and cultural visibility as the youth's culture of
iconography, rituals, spaces, and lifestyles are evident on the platform. It continues
continues to act as a bridge for
businesses to connect to audiences through
throu simple, scalable solutions. In the Philippines, the users aged 18-
24 take up 31,7%
7% of the total audience share in the country that marketers can reach through advertisements
on social media.
edia. Marketers must provide content that is true-to-life
true life and relatable in their advertisements
because this is what Generation Z prefers.

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