11

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Module 8
DEVELOPMENT & EDITORIAL TEAM:
Writer: Noelle May L. Nono SDO EPS (Math): Mirasol I. Rongavilla
SDS: Margarito B. Materum SDO LR: Daisy L. Mataac
CID Chief: Ellery G. Quintia

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON: Length of Confidence Interval and Appropriate Sample Size
EXPECTATIONS
After exploring this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the length of a confidence interval;
2. compute for the length of the confidence interval;
3. compute for an appropriate sample size using the length of interval; and
4. solve problems involving sample size determination.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. An interval estimate is the estimate of Central Limit Theorem.
b. An interval estimate is the estimate of the range of possible values for a
population parameter.
c. An interval estimate describes a range of values that is not likely to include the
actual population parameter.
d. An interval estimate describes the range of a sample statistic.

2. Which of the following describes confidence intervals?

a. 51 b. 0.90 c. 18 – 24 d. 95%

3. What is the length of the confidence interval if 𝑝̂ =0.25, n= 400, and confidence
level is 95%?
a. 0.85 b. 0.085 c. 0.580 d. 508

4. What is the sample size required to estimate a population proportion if the

confidence level is 95%, 𝑃̂ = 25%, and the margin of error is 3.7%?
a. 701.5 b. 700.5 c. 710.5 d. 715.0

5.
confidence level: 95%.
a. 0.224 b. 0.422 c. 0.242 d. 0.244

LOOKING BACK
To help you understand the lesson on length of confidence interval and sample
size determination, let us analyze first the concept of estimating the population mean.
Consider the problem below on the average life expectancy of the LED bulb.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was conducted by the Lighthouse Company in the life
expectancy of their LED light bulb product. A random sample of 40 LED bulbs was
tested. The bulbs revealed an average life expectancy of 350 hours and a standard
deviation of 15 hours.
a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true mean of the LED bulb.
b. Suppose the bulb company is claiming that their LED bulb has an average
life expectancy of 353 hours. Do you think their claim is valid?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The length of a confidence interval (LCI) is the absolute difference between the
upper confidence limit (UCL) and the lower confidence limit (LCL).
I. To find the length of a confidence interval for population, use the formula:
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 𝑈𝐶𝐿 − 𝐿𝐶𝐿
II. To find the length of the confidence interval when the population proportion,
sample size, and the confidence level are given, we use the formula:
𝑝̂ • 𝑞̂
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑧𝑎 √
2 𝑛
III. To find the length of the confidence interval when 𝜎, n, and the confidence
level are given, use the formula:
𝜎
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑧𝑎
2 √𝑛
IV. To find the length of the confidence interval when s, n, and the confidence
level are given, use the formulaa:
𝑠
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑡𝑎
2 √𝑛
V. To determine the sample size for population proportion (p) when a sample
proportion (𝑝̂ ) is known, use the formula:
[𝑧𝑎 ] 𝑝̂ • 𝑞̂
2
𝑛=
𝑒2
VI. To determine the sample size for population proportion (p) when a sample
proportion (𝑝̂ ) is unknown, use the formula:
2
0.25 [𝑧𝑎 ]
2
𝑛=
𝑒2

Examples
a. Given: 0.323 < p < 0.432. Find the length of the confidence interval.
Solution: Use the formula: 𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 𝑈𝐶𝐿 − 𝐿𝐶𝐿
= 0.432 – 0.323
= 0.109

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________
b. Given: 𝑝̂ = 0.25, 𝑛 = 350, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 93%, find the length of the
confidence interval.
Solution:
Find 𝛼 in (1 − 𝛼)100% confidence level then find 𝑧𝑎 .
2
(1 − 𝛼)100% = 93%
1 − 𝛼 = 0.93
𝛼 = 0.07
𝑎 0.07
= = 0.035
2 2
Using the 𝑧-table,
0.500 − 0.035 = 0.465
Hence, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.81
2

𝑝̂ • 𝑞̂
Using the formula: 𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2 𝑧𝑎 √
2 𝑛

0.25 (0.75)
= 2(1.81)√
350
0.1875
= 3.62√ 350
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 0.0838 𝑜𝑟 0.084

c. Given n = 43, confidence level: 91%, find the length of the confidence
interval.
Solution:
Find 𝛼 in (1 − 𝛼)100% confidence level then find 𝑧𝑎 .
2
(1 − 𝛼)100% = 91%
1 − 𝛼 = 0.91
𝑎 0.09
2
= 2
= 0.045
Using the 𝑧-table,
0.500 – 0.045 = 0.455
Hence, 𝑧𝛼 = 1.70
2
𝜎
Using the formula: 𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑧𝑎
2 √𝑛
0.2
= 2(1.70) ( )
√43
𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 0.104

d. Given: s = 5.23, n = 13, confidence level = 95%. Find the length of the
confidence interval.
Solution:
Find the degree of freedom (𝑑𝑓): 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1
=13 – 1 = 12

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Find 𝛼 in (1 − 𝛼)100% confidence level then find 𝑧𝑎 .
2
(1 − 𝛼)100% = 95%
1 − 𝛼 = 0.95
𝛼 0.05
= = 0.025
2 2
Hence, 𝑡𝛼 = 2.179
2
𝑠
Using the formula: 𝐿𝐶𝐼 = 2𝑡𝑎
2 √𝑛
5.23
= 2(2.179)
√12
= 6.78

e. According to the study conducted last year, 32.2% of students in your school
used Facebook. This year, your teacher wants you to conduct a similar study
on the current percentage of Facebook users among your schoolmates. How
many students must you include in your study to be 95% confident so that the
margin of error is no more than 3.3%?
Solution:
Given: 𝑝 = 32.2%, 𝑒 = 3.3%
𝑝 = 32.2% 𝑒 = 3.3%
= 0.322 = 0.033

Find 𝛼 in (1 − 𝛼)100% confidence level then find 𝑧𝑎 .

2
(1 − 𝛼)100% = 95%
1 − 𝛼 = 0.95
𝛼 = 0.05
𝑎 0.05
2
= 2
= 0.025
Using the 𝑧-table,

0.500 − 0.025 = 0.475

Hence, 𝑧𝑎 = 1.96
2
2
[𝑧𝑎 ] 𝑝̂ • 𝑞̂
2
Using the formula: 𝑛 = 𝑒2
[1,96]2 (0.322)(0.678)
=
0.0332
0.83868275
=
0.001089
= 770.14 ≈ 771 (round up to the next integer)
Thus, the number of students that should be included in the study is 771.
Note:
If the computed sample size is not a positive integer, it should be rounded up to
the next positivve integer.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
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__________________________________________________________________________________
f. Given: Confidence level = 95%, Margin of error = 0.042, 𝑝̂ = 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛. Find the
sample size required to estimate the population proportion.
Solution:
Find 𝛼 in (1 − 𝛼)100% confidence level then find 𝑧𝑎 .
2
(1 − 𝛼)100% = 95%
1 − 𝛼 = 0.95
𝑎 = 0.05
𝑎 0.05
2
= 2
0.025
Using the 𝑧-table,
0.500 – 0.025 = 0.475
Hence, 𝑧 = 1.96
𝑎
2
2
0.25[𝑧𝑎 ]
2
Using the formula: 𝑛 =
𝐸2
0.25[1.96]2
=
(0.042)2
𝑛 = 545

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Solve the following.
1. Given the data: 𝑛 = 48, confidence level = 95%. Find the length of the
following confidence interval.

2. Given the data: confidence level = 90%, population proportion = 0.5, margin of
error = 0.06. Find the sample size required to estimate the population
proportion.

3. Given the data: margin of error = 0.061, confidence level = 90%, P is unknown.
Find the sample size required to estimate the population proportion.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Solve the following.
a. Find the length of the confidence interval given the following data: 𝑝̂ = 0.32,
𝑛 = 350, confidence level = 90

b. Find the length of the confidence interval given the following data:
𝑛 = 38, confidence level = 95%

c. Find the sample size required to estimate a population proportion given the
following data: confidence level = 95%, population proportion = 28%, Margin of
Error = 3.5%

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
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d. Find the sample size required to estimate the population proportion given the
following data: margin of error = 0.052, confidence level = 95%, p is unknown.

POST TEST
Directions: Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. An interval that gives an estimated range of values within which the population
parameter is expected to fall is called ________.
A. probability interval B. confidence level
C. estimator D. confidence interval
2. Which of the following statistical tools are needed in solving the margin of error,
given a confidence coefficient?
A. mean and standard deviation B. sample size and standard deviation
C. mean and sample size D. mean and standard errors
3. Which of the following is the confidence coefficient corresponding to degrees of
freedom equal to 28 and 90% confidence level?
A. 1.699 B. 1.701 C. 1.313 D. 2.045
4. A group of researchers interviewed 50 SHS students on whether they believe in
ghosts or not. It showed that 65% of them believe in ghosts. What does 65%
signify?
A. sample mean C. sample proportion
B. sample standard deviation D. standard error
5. Find the length of a 95% confidence interval for the mean of the normal population
with standard deviation of 2.5 when the sample size is 15.
A. 2.53 B. 2.75 C. 2.35 D. 2.12

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY
.
intervals 345.35 to 354.65.
valid since it is between the
bulb, that is 353 hours, is
life expectancy of the LED
b. the manager’s claim that the
a. 345.35 < 𝜇 < 354.65

Looking back

A
5.
d. 355
C
4.
c. 632 3. C
b. 0.254 2. B
a. 0.279 < p < 0.361 1. D
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING POSTTEST
5. A
3. 181 4. A
3. B
2. 187
2. C
1. 0.198
1. B
Activity 1 PRETEST

References

Calaca, et al. (2016) “Statistics and Probability’’, Vibal Group Inc.

Chua, Simon L. et al. “Soaring 21st Century Mathematics’’, Phoenix publishing house
Tizon, Melbert B. et al. “Stat Speaks’’, St Bernadette publishing house
Bacay, Elisa S. et al. “Statistics and Probability”, 2nd Edition, Rex Book Store
Mercado, Jesus P. et.al., “Next Century Mathematics Statistics & Probability”

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