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விஞ்ஞான முறை ஞாயப்படுத்தல்
விஞ்ஞான முறை ஞாயப்படுத்தல்
Correspondence: drkanesraj@gmail.com
fl;Liur; RUf;fk;
1. mwpKfk;
mwpT gw;wpa Njlypy;; mjpf ehl;lk; nfhs;fpd;w ,d;iwa #oypy; ngsjPfk; njhlu;ghfTk;
ngsjPfmjPjk; njhlu;ghfTk; gy rpe;jidfSk; fUj;Jf;fSk; Nkiyj;Njarpe;jidapYk;
fPioj;Njarpe;jidapYk; Njhw;wk; ngw;W tUfpd;wd. fPioj;Njarpe;idapYk; mwpT>
mwpgtd;> mwpag;gLk; nghUs; gw;wpf; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkiyj;Nja mwpT tuyhw;wpy; Vd;?
Vjw;F? vg;gb? vd;W Nfl;Fk; gz;G ePz;l tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;ljhFk;.Fwpg;ghf vjidAk;
Muha;e;Nj Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Nrhf;fpuB]; typAWj;jpdhu;. mjid mtuJ
“tprhuizf;F cl;glhj tho;f;if thoj; jFjpaw;wJ” (Duignan, 2010 ) vd;w fUj;jpd; %yk;
mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. vkJ tho; ehspy; ehk; cyfpYs;s tplaq;fspd; cz;ikj; jd;ik gw;wpa
Njly; Kf;fpakhdjhFk; (Search of truth). ,j;jifa cz;ik gw;wpa Njly; tpQ;Qhd
uPjpahfTk; mikayhk;> tpQ;Qhdk; rhuhkYk; mikayhk;. tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd NjlYf;F
mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gJ my;yJ Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;gJ Kiwapay;fshFk;. tpQ;Qhd
mwpit ju;f;f uPjpahf fl;likj;J epahag;gLj;Jtjw;F cjTtNj Kiwapay;fshFk;. ,k;
Kiwapay; tpQ;Qhd g+u;tkhd mwpit ngWtjw;Fupa fUtpahFk;. (.Krishnaraja> 1992)
Vnddpy; mwpTf;Fk; mwpag;gL nghUspw;FkpilNaAs;s njhlu;Gfis tiuaiw nra;tNj
Kiwapaypd; tpjpKiwfshf mikfpd;wd. tpQ;Qhd mwptpid ehk; ,aw;if tpQ;Qhdk;>
r%f tpQ;Qhdk; vdg; gFg;gha;T nra;tJz;L. ,t;thwhd tifaPl;bd; mbg;gilapy;
,itfs; xt;nthd;Wf;FKupa mwpit ntspf;nfhzu;tjpy; ,aw;if tpQ;QhdKk; r%f
tpQ;QhdKk; ntt;NtW tifahd Kiwapaiyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. (Duignan> 2009)
2. Kiwapay; rpe;jidfs;
mup];;Nlhl;by; (384 - 322 BC) gpwg;gpdhy; Vnjd;]; thrp my;y. fpNuf;f nfhydpahd
nkn]Nlhdpa ];l;nu[puhtpy; fp.K 384 ,y; gpwe;jhu;. mtuJ je;ij epf;Nfhkhf;f];
nkn]Nlhdpa kd;dDf;fhd mur itj;jpau;. ,jd; %ykhf mup];Nlhl;by; nkn]Nlhdpa
murit njhlu;ig kpf ePz;l fhykhfNt ngw;wpUe;jhu;. mup];Nlhl;bypd; je;ij ,aw;if
tpQ;Qhdj;ij Nerpj;jhu;. mtu; xU tpyq;F $lj;ijAk; epWtpapUe;jhu;. 17 MtJ tajpy;
mup];Nlhl;by; Vnjd;;]{f;F te;J gpNsl;Nlhtpd; mf;fnlkpapy; mtuJ khztuhfr;
Nru;e;jhu;. fp.gp 368,y; ,Ue;J 20 tUlq;fs; mq;F fy;tp fw;whu;. gpNsl;Nlhtpd; rPldhf
,Ue;j NghJk; rpe;jidr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Nf mtu; mjpf kjpg;gspj;jhu;. „mup];Nlhl;byprk;‟ vd;w
jdJ fiyf;$lj;ij Muk;gpj;jhu;. ,jid elj;jp te;j fhyj;jpy; mup];Nlhl;bypd;
nka;apay; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd Ma;Tfs; ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mile;jd (Anes, 2010). jdp
xU kdpjdhf mtu; thdtpay;> capupay;> clypay;> cly; $w;wpay;> xOf;ftpay;> murpay;>
msitapay; vd gy Jiwfspy; jdJ rpe;jidia ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;;.
ikf;fy; xU khztuhthu;.
vjph;T$wy; (ngha;)
fUJNfhs; (ngha;)
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B kdpjd; ,we;jtd;
C kdpjd; ,we;jtd;
D kdpjd; ,we;jtd;
4.2.1 xg;gPL
ca;j;jwp njhFj;jwp
4.4.1 xg;gPL
,k;Nu yf;fhlh]; (Imre Lakatos 1922- 1974) vd;gth; fzpjk; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd nka;apay; gw;wp
rpe;jpj;j `q;Nfhpa ehl;Lr; rpe;jidahsuhthh;. fzpjj;jpd; tPo;r;rpapd; jd;ik mjd;
rhd;Wfspd; Kiw gw;wp Muha;e;jth;. „tpQ;Qhd Muha;r;rpj; jpl;l Kiwfs (Methodology of
Scientific Research Program MSRP)‟ vd;w tpQ;Qhd Muha;r;rp Kiwapaiy mwpKfk; nra;jhh;.
,tuJ fzpj nka;apay; n`fy;>khu;f;rpd; ,aq;fpay;> fhu;s;nghg;ghpd; tpQ;Qhdf; Nfhl;ghL
kw;Wk; fzpjtpayhsuhd N[hh;[J; Nghypahtpd; Ma;Tfs; Mfpatw;why; Jz;lg;gllJ.
fzpjtpaYf;fhd Kw;Nghf;Fthj rpe;jidahsuhf ,th; fhzg;gl;lhh; (Thamas Kuhn,1970).
,th; yz;ld; nghUspay; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; tpQ;Qhd jj;Jt Mrphpauhff;
flikahw;wpdhh;. yf;fhNlh]; gauhgz;l; Mfpa ,UtUk; ez;gh;fs;. mNjNeuk; mjpfkhf
tpthjj;jpy; <LgLgth;fs;. 1970 ,y; ntspahd ngha;g;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd Ma;tpd;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l Kiwapay; vDk; fl;Liuapy; nghg;gh; $d; gauhgz; MfpNahhpd; thjplypy;
yf;fhNlh];]pd; gq;fspg;G Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
5. KbTiu
crhj;Jizfs;
Barry Gower. (1997),Scientific Method and Historical and Philosophical introduction.. London,
Bruno Lattour,(1987), Science in action. How to Follow Scientist and Engineers through Society.
Cambridge. Harvad University.
Cohen M.R. (1998). Introduction to logic and Scientific Method. NewDelhi. Pentice-hall of India Pvt.
Copi I.M. (2005). Introduction to logic. NewDelhi. Pentice-hall of India Pvt.
Douglas. J.S. (2007). Archetypes of wisdom. United States. Thomas Ward Worth.
Duignan. B. (2010). The history of philosophy. New York.
Gower. B. (1997). Scientific method and historical and philosophical introduction. New York.
Klee.R .(1997). Philosophy of Scienc. Oxford. Oxford University Press
Thomas Kuhn, (1957), The Copernican Revolution . Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western
Thought. Cambridge mass;Harvad university.
md]; vk;.v];.vk;. (2010). tpQ;QhdKk; r%ftpQ;Qhdq;fSk; xU Kiwapay; Nehf;F.
nfhOk;G: ,];yhkpa Gf;fT];.
md]; vk;.v];.vk;. (2006). nka;apay; fpNuf;ffhyk; njhlf;fk; jw;fhyk; tiu. nfhOk;G:
Fkud; Gj;jf ,y;yk;.
mUs;nkhop Nr. (2008). Ma;T Kiwapay;. kl;lf;fsg;G: vtfpwpd; mr;rfk;.
Mrphpah; topfhl;b. (2017). msitapay;. nfhOk;G: fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;.
Mde;jehjd;> M.f. (1988). tpQ;QhdKk; tpQ;Qhd KiwfSk.; aho;g;ghzk;: Mrph;thjk;
mr;rfk;.
fpU~;zuh[h Nrh. (1992). tpkh;rd Kiwapay.; nrd;id: R+h;ah mr;rfk;.
fpU~;zuh[h Nrh. (1999). gpd; etPdk; Xh; mwpKfk.; > xYtpy;: ,yq;if njd;fpof;Fg;
gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL.
Fzul;z Mh;.b. (2011).(nkh.ng) tpQ;QhdKiw. kl;lf;fsg;G: kFlk; gg;gpspf;Nfrd;];.
,yl;Rkzd; K. (2006). mwptpay; tuyhW. nrd;id: ghit gg;spf;Nfrd;.
ehuhazd; f. (2003). jkpoh; mwpTf; Nfhl;ghL. GJr;Nrhp: khhp gjpg;gfk;.
Afghyrpq;fk; Nt. (2000). tpQ;QhdKk; tpQ;Qhd KiwAk; Xh; mwpKfk.; aho;g;ghzk;:
gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fs; epiyak;.
Kj;JNkhfd; e. (2007). INuhg;gpa jj;Jtk;. nrd;id . fhtpah ntspaPL.
nty;;ld; N[. (1967). ,ilepiy msitapay;. nfhOk;G: ,yq;if mur fUk
nkhopj;jpizf;fsk;.
n[auh[h rgh. (2012). Ma;T Kiwapay;. aho;g;ghzk;: fy;tpapay; Ma;Tf;fofk;.