TEKNIK

M EN GH IN DA R I
PLAGIARISME
D A LA M ARTIKEL ILMIAH

FADHILA YONATA
PERSONAL IDENTITY

Fadhila Yonata, M.Pd.

fadhilayonata92@gmail.com
Bintan, Kepulauan Riau

S1 Universitas Negeri Padang ‒ Pend. Bahasa Inggris (2009-2015)

S2 Universitas Negeri Semarang ‒ Pend. Bahasa Inggris (2015-2017)
S3 Universitas Negeri Semarang ‒ Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa (2020-Now)

English lecturer at STAIN Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau

Doctoral Program at Universitas Negeri Semarang

fadilyonata /Fadil Yonata @fadilyonata

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What is Plagiarism?
• The Oxford English Dictionary defines plagiarism as
‘The practice of taking someone else’s work or
ideas and passing them off as one’s own’
• The guidance on Oxford University’s website
states: ‘Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s
work or ideas as your own, with or without their
consent, by incorporating it into your work without
full acknowledgement.

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Type of Plagiarism in Journals

1. Self- (or team) plagiarism without identification and acknowledgement

2. Cutting and pasting of others’ work without identification and acknowledgement
3. Replication of methods sections without clear statement of the source
4. Republication of conference papers with little added value
5. Review papers which largely replicate previously published content
6. Plagiarism of images/tables/formulae/data without both acknowledgement and copyright
permission
7. Plagiarism of ideas
8. Wholesale plagiarism of previously published text
9. Republication in translation without acknowledgment, permission and full citation.

Zhang, 2016

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How to avoid Plagiarism?
• Cite your source properly
• Include quotations
• Paraphrase
• Present your own ideas
• Use plagiarism-detection application

Retrieved from https://www.grammarly.com/blog/5-most-effective-methods-for-avoiding-plagiarism/

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Harris, 2017

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Paraphrase this sentence

• Faculty members at Indonesian universities have to publish in Scopus-

indexed journals.

• It is a must for faculty members who teach at Indonesian universities

to get their work published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in
Scopus.

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 What is paraphrase?

Ø Express/restate the meaning of spoken text and written

text in different ways (different words/lexis and
structures/grammar)
Ø Retell spoken text (listening and speaking) and written text
(reading and writing)
Ø Reword spoken text or written text without changing the
original meaning of the text
Ø Re-mean source text without changing the original
meaning of it (the source text)
Widodo, 2020

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 How do we paraphrase?

Machine-based Human-based

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 Human-based paraphrase
1. Lexis and Semantic transformation
2. Theme-Rheme transformation
3. Lexico-grammatical transformation

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Lexis and Semantic transformation

1. Word class change (Nominalization)

• Nominalizations are nouns that are created from adjectives (words that describe nouns) or verbs
(action words). For example, “interference” is a nominalization of “interfere,” “decision” is a
nominalization of “decide,” and “argument” is a nominalization of “argue.”
(Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/nominalizations_and_subject_position.html)

Example:

Asian universities adopt English medium instruction (EMI) to attract more international students.

Adopt à Adoption

UNNES is located in Semarang, Indonesia.

Locate à Location.

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https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/multilingual/multilingual_students/nominali
zations_and_subject_position.html

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Lexis and Semantic transformation

2. Semantic Relations: Synonyms, Hyponyms, Hypernyms

Source: Wikipedia

Example:

When you eat steak in a restaurant, you are advised to use cutlery.

Cutlery à knives, forks, and spoons

UNNES lies in Semarang, the northern part of Central Java, Indonesia.

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Theme-Rheme transformation

We must participate in an English speech club this semester.

T R
Example of paraphrase:

1. It is required for us to join an English speech club this semester.

2. Participating in an English speech club is a must for us this semester.

3. An English speech club is one of the co-curricular activities that we have to

participate this semester.

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Lexico-grammatical transformation

My parents cultivate watermelon and chili every year.

Annually, my parents grow such horticultural crops as watermelon and

chili.

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 Useful resources

• Dictionary and thesaurus

1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/
2. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
3. https://www.macmillandictionary.com/
4. https://www.thesaurus.com/

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Machine-based paraphrase

https://paraphrasing-tool.com/

https://quillbot.com/

https://www.grammarly.com/

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References
• Harris, R. A. (2017). Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding
Plagiarism (4th ed.). Routledge.
• Zhang, Y. (2016). Against Plagiarism. Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24160-9
• Widodo, H.P. (2020). Paraphrasing & Discursive Fine-Tuning in Academic Reading & Writing.
Online Workshop organized by Post-Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)
Researcher Community

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