Review Questions:

1. Give four reasons why we need food.

- food provides energy
- food is needed for growth
- food helps in maintaining good health
- food maintains body functions
2. An example of a monosaccharide is:
a. DNA d. Cellulose
b. Glucose e. sucrose
c. Cholesterol
3. Proteins are made up of
a. Glucose units d. Nucleotides
b. Monosaccharides e. Both c and d
c. Amino acids
4. Which of the following are important components of cell membranes?
a. Phospholipids d. Nucleic acids
b. Disaccharides e. Neither c nor d
c. RNA
5. A component of fatty acid is:
a. Glucose d. RNA
b. Glycerol e. Neither c nor d
c. Steroid
6. Cholesterol is a _lipid_. Cellulose is a _polysaccharide_.
7. _cellulose_ is an important polysaccharide component of plant cell walls.
8. Animals store glucose in the form of _glycogen_.
9. _chitin_ is a modified carbohydrate that is the main component of insect skeletons.
10. In what kind of food is each of the following substances found:
a. Lactose- milk some fruits such as pears
b. Sucrose- fruits veggies and nuts and apples
c. Cellulose- root and leafy d. Liquid protein- yogurt and milk
vegetables, legumes, and
11. What effect does cooking have on each of the following:
a. Starch- decreased starch d. Liquid protein- they start to
content, increases sugar break apart and lose moisture
content
b. Cellulose-increased during
soaking and cooking
c. Butter- increase the amount of
butter we consume

12. Explain each of the following statement:

a. A child suffering from a shortage of protein does not grow as quickly as he should.
a lack of protein can cause fatigue, lack of growth and low concentration
 b. Eggs are better for bodybuilding than bread.
they contain protein and fat, helping you to feel satiated, which increases your
ability to stick to your diet

13. Each of the foods in the left-hand list is closely related to one of the words in the right-hand list.
Write them down in the correct pairs.
Wholemeal bread - roughage Protein
Sugar - energy Insulation
Butter- insulation Artificial meat
Eggs - protein Roughage
Soya beans- artificial meat energy

14. The amount of protein present in a particular food, and how good that protein is for body-
building are two quite different things. Explain what this statement means.
some proteins in food might not be what's right for bodybuilding

the amount of protein present in a particular food, and how good that protein is for body-
building are two quite different things. Explain what this statement means. Some proteins in
food might not be what’s right for body-building

15. Each of the diseases in the left-hand column is caused by lack of one or more of the substances
in the right-hand column. Which causes which?
Night blindness - vitamin A Iron
Rickets - calcium Vitamin A
Anaemia - iron Calcium
Goiter - iodine Vitamin D
Xerophthalmia - vitamin A Iodine
16. Explain the reason for each of the following statement:
a. Carrots are good for you. They may promote healthy vision, balance your blood
sugar, help with weight management, lower your risk of cancer, regulate blood
pressure, reduce heart disease, improve immunity, and boost brain health.

Carrots are good for you. They may promote healthy vision, balance your blood sugar, help with
weight management

b. A person who has been sun-bathing all day eats a salt tablet. can get dehydrated due to
lack of electrolytes
c. A mother may give her child orange juice. orange juice helps a baby stay hydrated
d. Old people who live alone tend to get scurvy towards the end of the winter. not having
enough vitamin C in their diet for at least 3 months
17. A scientist carried out an experiment to find the effect of cooking a finely shredded cabbage on
the amount of vitamin C in it. He put the cabbage in boiling water and continued to boil it for 10
 minutes. He estimated the vitamin C content at intervals, expressing it as a percentage of the
amount in the uncooked cabbage. Here are the results:

Time after Vitamin C content

putting the
cabbage in the water
0 min. 100%

½ min. 66%

1 min. 55%

4 min. 49%

7 min. 43%

10 min. 37%

a. Plot these results on graph paper.

b. Suggest reasons why the vitamin C content of the cabbage falls.
c. What experiments could you do to test your suggestions?
d. What advice would you give to a chef about cooking vegetables?

18. The following table shows the daily amount of vitamin D required by different people. The
figures are in ‘international units’(iu).

Woman during 1st half of pregnancy 400

iu

Woman during 2nd half of pregnancy 600

iu

Woman breast feeding her baby 800

iu

Child 1-3 years old 400

iu

a. Explain what each of these people needs vitamin D for.

- woman during 1st half of pregnancy- to prevent vitamin D deficiency in
newborns
- woman during 2nd half of pregnancy- reduces the risk of pre‐eclampsia,
gestational diabetes, low birthweight and the risk of severe postpartum
hemorrhage.
- woman breastfeeding her baby- It helps regulate the amount of calcium
and phosphate in the body, which are needed to keep bones, teeth and
muscles healthy.
- child 1-3 years old- helps a child build strong bones and prevent rickets
b. Why a woman’s requirement goes up in the second half of pregnancy and when she is
breast feeding her baby.