1. (20 pts) (a). Find the solution of the following initial value problem.

y" + y' - 6y =0 y(O) = 2, y' (0) = 9.

y" - 4y' + 4y = O.
 2. (20 pts) (a). Newton's law of cooling asserts that the rate at which an object
cools is proportional to the difference between the object's temperature (T) and the
temperature of the surrounding medium (A). It therefore satisfies the ODE

T'(t) = -k(T(t) - A).

Solve for T(t) in terms of A, To = the temperature of the body at time 0, and k =
the proportionality constant.

(b) A murder victim is discovered at midnight and the temperature of the body
is recorded at 31°C. One hour later, the temperature of the body is 29°C. Assume
that the surrounding air temperature remains constant at 21°C. Calculate the vic-
tim's time of death. (Note. The "normal" temperature of a living human being is
approximately 37°C).
. ----~_.----- ----.--- ----_ _-~
.. .. _-------_ .. _----~~ .. _--_.--._. __ ... .. _----
_
L~t t::;O b-t l\1 i J,,- ,IOU .

ef ~~. 74-n it <0

10::: ~ I . A ~ 2I . /;v e. ~H

lif) =- 2.1 -+
C
3/-L\) -H
e.. _I< -tc t
l" fttl'-f-hJAr, ,ll):: 2; =- 2-1-1-(~1-11)e -) Z -= 70
It- ~Wt~I\\~ ~t -/ (of) =- 2../ t (0. ({~ ) -t .

1f - 7
T (i,)-"3, t I-
f'oJM'\ 3 7-- L/ + (0· (1
ro) ~{ ~ J... -t I--
((0) /0
(6 -- 1-
s .

it=- ent/tilt = - eh1=/en-f: (~-2)

7t.e v/d,,'''1') tl\l'I1~ ~f &-cI, ~J i2htl ~t Iu-un h~fr<l VHIJ"fIJ'-i. (~/ofYl1)
 (c). Consider the equation

y' = f(at + by + c)
where a, b, and c are constants. Show that the substitution x = at + by + c changes
the equation to the separable equation x' = a + bf(x). Use this method to find the
general solution of the equation y' = (y + t?

'X-=- ~t +bd +L
~ - A ~ b~
elf - lA I tU.

7'-'- 'w~ 4f-=~t

# =- f(At+ b»+c) -B-.-~
b~= o..+hfcClt4bci+C) :::CI.+bfrK).

Let f( C\.t + bd tC ) = 0-+ tt.

Lbt ((~~{i: .
d'::: ('jf-t 71- t\ ~ll.t.t' v<>.W- iv
tI
X ( ::. (J' + I ::: (J-i t )').. :: x'L. tI.
7 A~) ;) ~ r; ef~~ e'f"A+ ~~
~ =- ott
(+x,..

S~(+x~ ::::Jr tlt /).. C•...

rCfM)( = t+ C
X -:::: f&V\ (t + C) .
C;-ll\.(~ d:: 'X~l, d~ tt\A(tfC)-t.
J .eA.£~( sol ~-r+t\.o'YJ ~ ~'=- (j-f T y" .

1 _
 3. (15 pts) FACT: The function y = (x2 + 1)e-X2 is a solution to the ordinary
differential equation

(a). Using the above fact, find the general solution y(x) to the ordinary differential
equation

value
y(O) = 1.

I <: 1(0)::: (u + I) e-0 { J(J ( 1) f C)

=- C

~('f}:o l"f~+\){x'L(i(}(X"tl) t C)
1 _
 4. (15 pts) Suppose that the functions u and v are solutions to the linear, homogeneous
equation
y" + p(y)y' + q(t)y = 0
in the interval (a, (3). Prove that the Wronskian of u and v is either identically equal
to zero on (a, (3), or it is never equal to zero there.

f r I tu - I tr-) ,

1 _
5. (20 pts) (a). Show that the following equation is exact and solve it.

(2x + y)dx + (x - 6y)dy =0

{) {)

-{)Y (2x + y) = 1 = -{) (x

.7: - 6y)

implies that the equation is exact. The solution is

 (b). Suppose that (x+y)dx+2xdy = 0 has an integrating factor that is a function
of x alone (i.e f1 = f1(x)). Find the integrating factor and use it to solve the differential
equation.

--- "-'--------------~._-------
Suppose /lex)
--- -----
is an integrating factor. We need
.. --- - --------------------.---
.. ..

------
.. ~

Jt(x)(x + y)d'r + ji,(x) (2x)dy =0

to be exact. So we have

Le.

We have solution for this ODE,

Now the equation becomes

(y'x + yj y'x)dx + 2y'xdy = 0

Therefore we can get the solution

1 -----
6. (10 pts) The undamped system
2
-x"
5 + kx = 0 x(O) = 2, x'(O) = Vo
is observed to have period 7f /2 and amplitude 2. Find k and vo.

----- -.-------------------------
-
Wo - - 4', so 275
27r -
7r12 k -- Wo2 -- 16 an d th erelOre
1: k -- 5"'
32 Th e equa t'Ion
becomes x" + 16x = 0, with general solution x(t) = Cl cos4t + C2 sin4t. But
we know that x(O) = 2 = amplitude, hence x(t) = 2cos4t and therefore
Vo = x/CO) = O.