Unit 1

Principle of transmissibility of force: states that the external effect of a force on a rigid body is same for all points
of application along its line of action.
The point of application of force can be transmitted anyway along its line of action but within the body.
Moment of force: The moment of a force about a point is measure of rotational effect produced by a force on a
body on which it acts. The moment of a force is equal to the product of force and perpendicular distance of the
point about which the movement is required and the line of action of force.
Principle of moment/Varignons theorem/ moment theorem: It states that if a number of coplanar forces are
acting simultaneously on a particle the algebraic sum of the moment of all forces about any point is equal to
moment of their resultant force about the same point.
∑MAF = MAR
Couple: Two parallel forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction separated by a definite distance are said
to form a couple.
Arm of the couple: The perpendicular distance between the line of action of two unlike forces (equal and parallel)
is known as arm of the couple.
Properties of couple:
a. a couple is formed by a pair of equal and opposite forces which are separated by same distance
b. algebraic sum of the forces constituting the couple is zero that is resultant of couple is always zero
c. the algebraic sum of moments of the forces constituent the couple about any point is the same
d. the moment of couple is the product of one of the forces and arm of the couple
e. any two couples whose magnitude of moment are equal and the same sign are said to be equivalent
f. a couple can be balanced another couple of equal magnitude but of opposite sense
Unit 2
Principle of equilibrium: The principle of equilibrium states that, a stationary body which is subjected to coplanar
forces (Concurrent or non-concurrent) will be in equilibrium if the algebraic sum of any all the external forces is
zero also the algebraic sum of moments of all the external forces about point in their plane is zero.
Unit 3
Angle of friction: The angle between normal reaction(A) and resultant force(R) is called angle of friction. It is also
called limiting angle of friction.
Coefficient of friction: The ratio of limiting force(F) and normal reaction(N) is called coefficient of friction u=F/N.
Coulumbs law of dry friction:
The law states that for two dry solid surfaces sliding against one another, the magnitude of the kinetic
friction exerted through the surface is independent of the magnitude of the velocity (i.e., the speed) of the
slipping of the surfaces against each other.
Unit 4
Moment of inertia: The moment of a force about a point is measure of rotational effect produced by a force on a
body on which it acts.
Unit 5
PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK/ D ALEMBERT PRINCIPLE: It states, "If a system of forces acting on a body or a
system of bodies be in equilibrium and if the system is imagined to undergo a small displacement consistent with
the geometrical conditions, then the algebraic sum of the virtual work done by the forces of the system is zero"
Unit 6

1. Principle of conservation of momentum: When two (or more) bodies act on each other and no external force
acts on them, the total momentum of all the bodies is equal to the initial total momentum.
2. During any collision, the momentum is conserved but the kinetic energy is not.
3. This is because, during the collision, a part of kinetic energy is converted into heat and sound energies.
4. When two (or more) bodies act on each other, their total momentum remains constant provided no external
force acts on them. This statement is called the principle of conservation of momentum.

The work-energy theorem states that the work done by the net force on a body is equal to the change
in kinetic energy.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only
converted from one form of energy to another.