Fage Ne

Dute

x Casification of Signads:
i Continuous time. Oisozete ime.
i periodic o Non periodic
iiy beteMnistic or lon Detezministic
et
Energ 02 power.

j Continuous time sijral:A shno otof Contiouous apl

ude cunc tioe is Known bs ontinuous time ooh
an analog-Shnal
(1his Sinal will hae some alee at
Liastcut of hme
t)
F Shape of Sjnal
4 shows tat the

Discnete tne Si_nale f the sjacdäsephesented

only_ ot disczete instowt of tine then tS knoun
Las Disozete ine sjpal.
The elisl clisuneie dime Gignal aes at
Centaiainstant af ime.
Shous that sample.
Votable

Repretert ohape of
 co)3
X()-2

-3 -2 0 23

i,Periodic ond non periodic anals

whch
ASynal ta
epeat ilsef aten a
fix time peniod s. Called as a peziodic
Signal
The. pnioclicity is definesl as
Mct) = CttTo)

t
)=Asin (27fot)

Disoreje qeniodi signal

tt
The
DisoeBe bignals whjch
Lpazticalc no. of Sumples s aepeats cutez.
peiocd ic
dbozele sihnal
Condition of perioeity
Cn) = CnN
Non Periodic ol¡nads, ;
twhich cloes not eped itself afterz
period s does not epeot
at al is Callee non
non penodic yod
X)

yt

Fot disczete Signals,.

rcn)= xntN)
Suppose ln) zs a Cofine Binal
dn=ACosCwnt o)

A= Amplhele
0 = phase
Ln+N) = ACos2rf. n+N)t9]
ACos L2rfn +27£Nte]= ACosC2zfote)
0s 2AK
K=|, 2,3,4
 T
Date

Candition
27foN =2K
fo K oh single wre
N

eniodicity Condition fo two wwaves

=cn)tn2n)
Surgmation of tuO disczete time seuence
we ca catculate he alues of fand t
ConMes pon:lineg to Kiln) and xicn)
actobling o condition of periodici
f= K
Ni Nz

E N Ihe
is resuBaat snad cn)is peniodic
rctio ef two întegen
Ne
OR T S atio of tuun
integez
6. Deiemine. ¿which of the following sgnal ane
iy lo SinCi2+) + 45in Cizt)
ii) 35in4t
Lii) 3+t
t) = osinC127t) +4 sin 3 t)
ict) = l05inCi27t)
2ct) = 4SinCI&Tt)2
27fit = 12Kt. 27fete 18Kt

This is nctios of two integet 8o shml is

pezinalic
2Xct=3sin4t
wt = 2Kft = 4t

This s wot etio of tntegen Soi s Non peainde

(3 t)= 3 + t . -O
Ct)=Ct+ Te)
it+1=3+Ct+ To)2
Ct+I) = 3+ttTt 2t To-
 Date :

following equente oldis pono.icos,

Find the
not

Compere t with discrtte exponenhal gereal

torm 2AKn.

2rkn Tn
N 4

N
Tf K nctio is treto of intacr than the signal
peitdhie

Ca)= Asinwa
compane
2f

167

Non- peiodic
 Date

K=
C-DSCt-24)
Let k ia from-2 40 2
K=-2 -,0,L2
K=-2 (-j6Ct -4)- 5Ct -4)
K=-(-I'SCt-2) -5Ct-2)
K=0
K=l (-SCt-2)--&Ct-2)
K=21 6Ct-4) SCt -4

SL+45(t-2)+ 5t)-SCt-2) +&Ct-4)

ín= Acos 2.7fA

f fa=
 n)= e

Compre
27kn
2

N 2J2
It is not hatio of twnintogez s 50 non peride

27fe0e ng 2Rfan=
2Kf3n=
N =16
Hince al the signals aze peioic
G0 the Sienna is peziade sianak
 2

260

Itis nchio of tuwointege 50 t is peziodic

20

KLn)= 2e
Eich
2RKn
N
coMpae
27Kn

N |27

tis
*Dctoin shic and Random Snab
whch can be descba by a
A Sianal Cxpresston or Gum Somewell
Mathemtica
defined hudes is Kown üs Detezmostic
EgSine ve CoSi0e wave
A

Asignal ahich Cnnot be clestribed by

a Mathe matica eprcssion i5 Caled as

*\SHonetrica CEven) o. Antibynome ticaCod)

Sigoals -
A6gnalnt) s sad to be Gypetico
oth even i Satisics he folowin Conlitor
ct)= Ct)
L)= ahieof signal uhe tis tve
zCt) hlue ot önal uhen t i - Ve

-t
 -elt) KoCt)
Kelt)=dect)
KnoLw le
C-t)- o +t)ec ct)=
t=-t put
--0 xalt) et)+ KLH)=
tsignad component
ot Dod alt)
=
fignala
ct) ofentCommon Eveniet=
Antisynme
lsic SyMmetic
6gna5
Anti6yc'nial Condition
fot
a fazcordition Sianas dlsnéte. Fot
0z2Ct)=Gt)
Condition) Coroi followA satisfies t
lnko
if be toonid Dzt) oiaral A
Ne. age
 put thevalue in
t) = et)- K o t ) 3
Ad
LCt) t z(-t)= 2XeGt)
kelt)=yt) +Act)]--
Sabstract from @
Kt)-act)=22et)
delt) )+ ct)

*Dnaw even &odd_coMpon et

ct)
Even Odd
AXGt)

t)-Xt)

4Exc)-*t)
 X+)

Even

nct)-x(-t)

fowr Sianai Asinal is calalos foulen Sijnad

non zeno an finte alma al peroic ajanal
one powen tignak
Eneg sianali ASianad having a finite non zero
Hotal noMalise
Ener gigrul
Acst all on peiadic Synol eve a finite pezid
 AlereNomalise pouwer

-T/2

Eneng' xttdt

Fou disonete signas

Power im
N0 2N+1 N=-N

. Fid he energy of 6ignal n)=

auCn).
Here un)= unt funcion
Cdtisofom - 00to 0
and it is_L fhom 0 to oo
E-la
- laltlal'tla+lát
=1tata'ta+
 Let aA
E=I+ A4 A A
E

E-L
|-a

6 Find enengy of Sinal xcn) = Co.5)un)

to

E la
n=o

=lo.5)tlo.5 lo.5+
E6.5 + (o-5)+ Co5)+
Let alo. 5)= A

|-(o5)
4
3
E=L33
Deleonine the Enea and pawDN Sianal
Xcn)=31 n0

n=-00

n=0 n=-)

()

) E n=o

=A

|-A I-4Y
3

h=-|

n=-1
 Jage Ne
Date

Let us put n=-M

when n-l
=-0

M
M= m=l

TfSeries.
A+A+A+
A LetA
|-A

E=

Aata Eneray =T+T

E 35
34
 Find whethe the folowing Seycd Enegy o
pouer tiynad
2n)= n n0
n20

E=n=-00 lacn
n

Mz
Power im
N’ 2N+I n=-N

=lim
N>0 2N+)

2N+ NCN+)C2N+)
6

2N+t NNH(2N+)
6
NCN+)
*THpes of Gasic Stgnas
A CotinuouS Signal cwhich hemoin
xt) constcxt w t time is calle
Cortinuous time DO Signal
t)= A
Cootinuous tine.

in)=A

piscnete ime.
bignal
Q Siausoidal
ut)
Sinal AXt)
A

Kt)= ASinwt Ct)=ACOSwt

xn)=Asinwn
 Dute

QChnit Step Sinal:

CT unit step Sianal
t)=oCt)
uct)=| fón t7o
ut)=0
t0

Dnit step Siral has constatt camplitick of

|tunity doz the. TezO D tVe vakue pfof time t t
DT Unit Step 5gnal
un)=1 fo no
ucn)=0 fos no
2 3 4

Signum function
4

S¡nCt)=4 fon t0
Sanct)=-forn t, e

KN=Sncn)=1 fonnzo
=-1 foh n0
-1
 Suge Ne
Date :

t)- hect Ct)

nectCt) -st< a
hect Ct)=0 Else whehe

DI/2
Arplhade Vonab le to time

2=

wicth of =0 Elsewhere
t pulse
T/2

2c0)= Aset

Delta o Lait Impulse tunchion

ezhmerly
The Delta funtion Dekta t ` ananalysi's
impohtant function useel foh the ofO
Communicaton 6ystem
Che Dela function is shawn in ti
IH is phesent anly at t=o Its zth tends to o
and its Ampitele ist=0
ageand unitg 8Ct)=o fant+o
SCt)= | At t -o
t
 uge Ne
|Dute

Due to unit anea it s caled unt ipule

function

9t)= + fon t 0
hCt)=0 for t L0
t
|Uncn)
Unon=n
Uc)=0 n0

T incaeases linezly with

Sample numbe
Exfonetia Sral
The continuous time exponertonad sianalis
2CH)=Cet
Cu o ane. in geneno Comple
nunben
ea ezponentio 6hnaul
 age Ne

Decayng
t t
Diszete time. Exponential Sianad
A disoeBe time exponential signalis.
erpressec as
a= Somne geal constant
Ifa' is the ComplezJonumben than
Dependin on the volue ofa we hae
ouze diffezent Coses
Case I a>
Case TL
3) case TiL
Case V -|<a<0