YJUK 792.07(092) BBK 85.334.3(2-411,2)6-8KHeGen M.O. DOI 10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-3-340-349 H.E. BOPOHUHA K 120-JIETHIO KOHTEKCT TBOPYECKON CYJIbBbI MAP KHEBEJIb: YUNTEJIA MW YUEHNKU Hagexaa Esrenbesia Boponmna, Apocnasckwii FocynapcreeHHbIM Nesarormseckii yanpepcuter uM. K.fl. YismucKaro, hakynbrer pycckoi unonorm w KymsTypb, acnupaxt PocnyGnuxancxan yn., a. 108/1, Spocnasne, 150000, Pocus E-mail: nadezhda.voronina.7@mail.ru Pechepar. Pacxperearomcs ocnoeneie ocobennocmu nepuodos meopuecmea asidarryeroca pencuccepa 1 meampansnozo nedazoea XX 6. M.O. KueGens, co dua pooedenua Komopoil 6 sae 2018 2. uenorHwtoces 120 nem. B uccredoeanuu npuaenensi ucmopu- o-Kymomypntité, conuoxynomypnest « uckyccmeo- eedueckuil emodsi. Ha ocnose cucmenamusayuu 4 oBodiuenur Guozpaqureckux caedenuil, a maxxce anamucsa meopueckozo nymu & cmamse npocnencuea- emea cmanoanentve M.O. Kxetens om axmpuce: amo- povo mana do pencuccepa u meampaneitozo nedaedza. ‘AxmyansHocms uccnedosanus saKmouaemcn 6 most, wmo M.O. KueGexs nedooyenena ax aueunocme, 6 KO- mopoit zapnoxuuto couematuce axmepcxue, pexcuc- cepexue u nedacoeuweckue unmengut. Yoeneno enumanue znaenomy napadocy meop- eckoeo nymu M.O. KueGea, saxmowaroienyoa 6 nonumanuu, Umo 6es onsima axmpucst @ snus0- Oureckux ponax ona He npuuna Got x pemuccep- cKomy u nedazozwueckomy nymu. Boe meopueckue Gocmuncenua M.O. KneGens cosnurnu us ee He 340 /mena. noptperbi/ coecem yda4noi axmepcKoii Kapsepw. Tlo3mo- 4 6 xode uccnedocanua doxasana esaunoceass ‘onsima M.O, KieGens @ xavecmee axmpucu emopetx poreit ¢ Mockoscxom XydomecmeenHom axadenureckom meampe u ee yeneunoi peanu- sayuelt pexcuccepcKux u nedazoeuteckux cmpem- enti Tas eeitenenua cxpsimenx npyncux deamenotoc- mu M.O. KueGers enunanue ydeneno Koxmexcmy ee meopuecmea: ananusupyemca oxpyocenue — nedazoe, Kone, yuenuxu. Toduepxaymo, umo M.O. KueOens Gevta ceoezo poda cansyrouum 3eenoM Mexcdy meamparentinu noxonenuauu. Sanaace mponazanducmom ywenuil eenuxux K.C. Cmanuc- JascKo20, B.H. Hemuposuwa-Januenxo w npodor- Kad mpaduyun ceoux yuumeneit, ona eocnumana yenyro niendy asidaromuxen pexcuccepoa. Taxun oGpasox, suinocm M.O. Kie6ex, npedemasnen- Has @ wupoxoM KoHMexcme, npuucneHa, @ CéO%0 oweped, x Konmexcmyansnony Kpyey das oGo6ue- ‘Hus meopecmea Hoseex pecuccepos 1 akmepos. B cmamve noxazan pesyasmam uccnedoeanua, onposepeatouutl npedcmaenenue 0 emopocmenen- oil Kyaemypnott sHatumocmu akmepos, He cmas~ lau SHamenumenu u He nonyueuux eeidarOI4e- 20¢8 MpUsHaHua, Ho cchopmuposaauuxcs 6 senuKiLx nedazoz0e u pecuccepos, Komopeie cosdau YeayHo ‘meoprtecKyio wKOAY. Kaioyenbie caopa: M.O. KueGean, MXT, MXAT, K.G. Crannicnasckuit, BM. Hemmpopit- TaHieHko, reap, akrep Broporo miaHa, TBOp- OBCEPBATOPHAKV/IBTYPE 2018. 7.15, NPS‘Bopowma HE. Kowrexcrreopyecxoh cyns6u Mapu Kueens: yurrena v yNenue fo. 340-3491 ecknli nyt, Tearpanbubiii neraror, pexnecep, yuennk. Jaa unraposanna: Boponua H.E. Kontexct TBOpYECKO! cymbOH Mapun KueGenb: yauTens w yaennxn // OGcepsaTopHa Kynbtypst. 2018. T. 15, N® 3. C. 340-349. DOI: 10.25281/2072- 3156-2018-15-3-340-349. py HeKyecTsa Maps Ocu- nosria (Hocnposna) Kue- Gemb (1898-1985) HsBect- Ha KaxTearpanbubti nenaror M pexuccep. Ho Maio KTo aaer, 40 cBoii THOpYecKHMit TYTb OHa HauHHaa akTPHCO!t B sTHsonHMECKHX ponsx Ha cueste MockoncKoro XyorkectBettio- To akajlemmueckoro Tearpa (MXAT) mon pyko- BonlerBom K.C. Crannestasckoro 4 BM. Hessi- positia-anvenko [1—3]. Bnaronapa aakHoMy OnBITY, BOSMOXKHOCTH paGOrEI C HMeHHTHIMH Te- aTpambabimit Mactepamn K.C. CraniicnasckiM, B.M. Hemuposnuem-Zamsenko [4; 5], A.J. 1 ToBbIM, OHA Gay jun AambHe leit pexniccepcKoit H nenarorH“eckoit AeATemy- Hocti [6; 7].M.O. KxeGexs He craa nonyaspHoli akTpHcoii, Ho mpoGpena MsBecTHOCTE KaK Bbisa- ouldiies TearpanbHbili enaror, npono.AHBUIL capable Tan mKorBt K.C. CraniicnancKo- ro, BM, Hemuposisa-Jlansieniko 4 M.A. Yexoua Wi BRINYCTHBMIM HeTyIo TeAMy YueHHKOR, bi wena HeGesbiswectHbt 8 Mupe TeaTpa. [lapanoKe TBopyeckoro nyTH Mapiit OcimoBHst saxmowa- eres: B TOM, 470 Ges OMbira akTpHcbi BTOpOrO ILa- a offa He MpHitura Gbi K pexkiccepcKOMy H Tex: rormueckomy yri (1; 8). MIPEQNOCbUIKN @OPMMPOBAHMA KOHTEKCTA TBOPUECTBA M.O. KHEBEJIb H="= Hpocitesttb KoHTeKcT TBOP- eckoii aestenbuocrd M.O. KueGeab, HanloMHWtb, Gnaronaps KOMy Haim HeMy ola 1OGWIACb NPHSHAHMA HMeHHO & pexuccype Wnenarorike, a He B akTepeKoit npodeccsm. Kak NPOUSOULAO, TO aKTpHca, KOTOPAAL He Mora NO- OBCEPBATOPHA KY/IbTVPbL. 2018. 7.15, Nea Mapa Ocanopia Kue6ent (1898—1985) AYSHT CepbesHbIx poreii B Haase TROpYeCKOTO TYTH, cyMena MOMO' BHOCNe/ICTBHH MHOTHM Ha~ ‘MMHaIOINHM akTepaM H pexHCcepaM CTaTD BLIA~ JollHMHes mpodpecconaaMn? B Teenie nepabix lecaTH ner c Havama cny- 2keHHs| Bo MXATe! (1924—1950) ova cocrosuta Bo BCnoMoraTembHO! Tpynine [1]. Mcxona W3 NaH Horo (baka, Mbl MOKEM MIpesMTOOHT, 470 Cita- BAI AKTPHCHI MepRoro MiaHa oa AeitcTBHTeTb- Ho He CHUCKaa. B cBoeM Tpyne [1] M.O. KueGems scnommnaza, Kak ona Hrpa- Ja 8 chlexrakuie M. Merepanuxa «CHHss IrHua> Haponusittylocs yMIy, Hecymyto sNLK ¢ rIpecry- Iuienies, a raioKe Hacmopk M cocenky (1924 1925); mnccue CHuT¥eli (1925) B «BuTBe xHS- uu 4. Jukwetica; OObisaTeNbHMLY ¢ HalkaNTHHOM (1929) 8 «BaoKaze> B.B. Misanona; Kapnyxiay (1929) 6 no pomany UL. JHKKeHCa. B Xone Hiccnenonantia 61170 O6tIapyxKeHO, TO aKYpHca TopAWilack Kako} cBOet JAKE caMoi HesHatMTeNbHoil ponbIo. 9TO craHoBHTCA Ove- BHUJHBIM Hs ee BOCTIOMIAHaHHIL o cliekraKite «CKaa- ka 06 Visane-zypake>, rye ova Hrpana YepTeHKa: <5] mibiTauiach Co3laTb Xapaktep sNOGonBITHOrO ‘yeprentka, H Korfla CranvicnancKiit HasbiBa Mena “mloGonstrubtit”, 9To tepertozttisuIo Menta ropibiM cuactobem [1, ¢. 23]. Tipuusro canrar pon Kapnyxuioii 6 <]Ia- moIKHHOM cHe> P.M, Jloctoesckoro H [aprorrst 8 1; 8]. Helicrautenio, ee pom oman xa- PakrepHocrbio, TparHKOMHsMoM. KpoMe Toro, B m0Goi TBopyeckuit npouecc (Gyab TO axrep- cut wm pexkuccepcKnil) M.O. Keen orpy- 2kaIaCh NOAHOCTHIO, Ges ocranka. 342 /mevs. noptperbi/ Ecaut Teopyecke cocobHocTH H aMOILHO- HaNbHas OABIHKHOCT: MOSBO.IALIM aKTpHCe Ton HOCTbIO PaCTBOPSTHCH B XYMOKECTBEHHOM eli- CTBHH M MMeHHO MpOKHBATh Posts, TO BHEMHHE AAHHbIe OrpakHYHBAAIH [UIA Hee MHOTHE BOSMON- HOCTH, cy:kasIH TBOpYecKHit NoTeHtMa. TloaToMy: acto B HeHOAHeHHH poteli y M.O. KxeGestb MO- Ho Gbi10 OGHapYAHTS NpOTHBOPEHe: MPH ABHO HeBBINTPBILIHOH BHEMIHOCTH OHA OCoGEHHO yGe- AWTe:IbHO BXRMBAzIACH B IKCHEHTPHUEBIE H rpoTe- ckoBbie poan. Evi ontHospeMento yaaBauiocb Obi yraoBatoi: H rpatiwosKoii. MMeHHO no aToik mpH- ‘ule B TeMeHHe MHOLNX ser oa Hrpazta posit BTO- oro TuiaHa, Y4aCTBOBAZTA B MaCCOBKAX H SMHSONAX [1; 8]. Heo6xoanmo noarepkuyrs, 810 noxayii cate pacnpoctpanestte amumya M.O. KreGexb Bo MXATe — crapyxu i eri. Cama axrputca s10- 6uza urpatb HMeHHO jeTeli, TAK KAK feTCKAA MICH xomorHa Obia eit noustHa H Guska [1; 6], 470 § RanbHelitieM TakKe OTpasiitoce Ka ee negarorn- ‘Yeckoii Kapbepe. B nlepHoy| cay:kertisa BO MXATe o#fa BbIpaGoraza yMeHite OGHapyAKHBaT> ComHamTb- Hylo npipory o6pasa [1]. Hecosmentio, 90 sBH- OCS ONHHM 13 OCHOBHEIX GaSHICOB jLIH ee OY:y- Melt pexkiiccepcKoti estrembHOCTH. Kak WsBectHo, si ROCTIDKEHHA Yerlexa H BO- MromeHHA MacurTaGHOCTH THOpHeCKOt MHYHOCTH HeOGXOMMMO HecKObKO YoIOBH, IpEKIte BcerO, HamieiHe sa7atKos H cnocoGHocreli, nocToRHHOe coepulencrBoBanue TaKoBbix. MccaeqoBaresb @.H. Tono6osmH B cBoem Tpyze uwer, 4To pH HAMS oMtpenenentBIx saztar- KOB H YCHOBMit MOTYT BOSHHKHYTS H BBIpaGo- TaTbCA pasHble CHOCOGHOCTH, HO IPH STOM JUS YeremHocTH HeOGXOAHM HaCTABHHK, KoTOpEIii TlOdcKaxkeT BepHbIi OpHeHTHp, HOcHeMoBaren to yuewnn [9, c. 154]. B cyuib6e M.O. KiteGetb o6Hapyxupaiotest 3a- AaTKH TOTO, 4TO B POCCHH He Bcerfa BbISbIBAIO ouoGpeliue, Ho JUL HeNOBeKa HCKYCCTBA BaKHO 13HA4HMO: CKNOHHOCTS K BBICTPAHBAHMo yeriemt- Hoi TBOpYeckoit Kapbepbl. Ee BOCIMTLIBAIM Kak OY BbiAAIoMerOCs HesOBeKA, HSBECTHOTO NpoC- BeTisreNa, KHUFOMSAAreNA, C HETCTBA BOBIEKAR B OcoGyIo KyaIBTYpHYIO cpemy, BOM HHCHIE H B Tea ‘Tpanbuyto [10]. 910 He Moruio He HaIOXKHTb OTMe- ‘YaTOK Ha /lallbHeiimlyio TBOpYeckyto cy/IbOY, B KO ‘TOpolt npHcyrcrsoBan HeKusii sHaK ee Oyayulelt mpoceccuu: Nocne 3HaKOMCTBa CO cKa3KOii « B cyAb- 6e Mapwiu OcHMOBHBI, HATYHTHBHO Ona TAKYsIach MMeHHO K MXT. Bostee Toro, ee rom poxksleHHst — 1898 — cHMBONHYECKH coBfias ¢ roROM OTKPBI- Tua MXT (nepsonatabHo HasbiBasie XyorKe- cTBeHHO-OOMenOCTYMHbIit TeaTp). M.O. KHeGemb Hore coasaa c:9THM TeaTPOM, C ero TeaTpa:tb- Hot butocosmeli, c HeKyccTBOM K.C. CTaHMcIaB- cxoro # B.M. Hemmponnva-[lanientko c10 cuo10 TBOPYECKYIO 2KHSHB. M.O. Kre6enb BchomMnasta, #70 B eTCTBe OHA Beera BBINONHSIIA GYHKIH PexHCcEpa BO Bpe- sa Mp, e. paciipestessita pou, nepeckasbiBaua i HanlommHazia conepyxatine [1, c. 32]. OcHoppiBa- sich Ha jlannio ‘baxre 13 GMorpaduit, MorKtO [10- YCTHTS, ‘TO yoke ¢ paHHero Bospacta y M.O. Kxe- Gen Guia Mpenpacnonoxenuiocr K pexnecype wmenarornKe. Tipeyicrapnstetes, 470 ee akrepcKHit omit 970 BOSMORHOCTS OGoTaTHTH CBO! NOCTeNy!O- uti OMIT pexHCcepa, NOHATS OyAy- mtx yueHHKOB, Hx OMIHOKH H cTpeMMTeHHIs. B 9TOM HW SakmovaeTca, Hoxanyii, osMH M3 MHTepecHDIx henomeros ee cystb6s1 — BSAHMOCBASH MER ee aK TepckHM oT1s1TOM rlocmenyiomteli negarorsr¥e- ckoii M pexHccepcKoii Kapsepolt. BbI0 OBI HeOGBEKTHBHO CUHTATS, YTO cpa- 8 K AKTpHce Broporo IuiaHa MpHULIO OcosHaHie cBoeTO MpHsBAHHA SaHATICA pexHCcypo! Ht Tea- TpaubHoit HleyarorHkoii, nporiaranMpyst yueHHe BenMkuXx K.C. CranucaapcKoro HW B.H. HemMu- posi4a-JJan4eHko H peanuays ero B pexuccep- cKoii NpakTHke MpH MocraHoBKe KAaccHecKOii HM cospeMenHoit Apamatyprau. Jia store no- HHMaHIS HeOOXOHMDE OBLIN BpeMs, YeTOBH H, Upexkse Beero, onbIT H HapaGorKu. OTMeTHM: YHMKANbHOCTS CyABGM M.O. KHeGems eme HB TOM, YTO XKEHULMH-PeKHCCepOB B TO BpeMs 10- STH He Gxi0. M.O. KueGenb siurbigaia HoBble sHaHHa W onbir cBonx HacrasHKon. Ho su TROpYECKHX npoeccuit Maio suanuii u ycepaus.. HeoOxo- TIM TananT. JJaHHas MbICHb BbIpaKena B CNOBAX M.A. Yexosa, koropbiii np nocryrienMit 3ame- ‘THM sajlaTKM Mapu KiteGeutb, Ho 3acomHenasica B ee AKTepCKOM TallaHiTe, IIpH 9TOM SaBepHB, YO nia «criocoGwa Ha KoHtteHTpaitiio H BoobpaKe- Hue» [1, c. 56]. mento wooGpaxente, ¢ ogHOf OBCEPBATOPHA KVMIBTVPbI. 2018. 7.15, NPS cropoHsi, H cHicTeMaTHHOCTD H KOMMeHTPaLHst, C Apyroii, [11, ¢. 28]. OcHoBHBIMH yUHTeIsIMH B CBOeit pexUccep- ckoii H MemarorMeckoii JeaTenbHOCTH M.O. Kie- Genb cuvtaia K.C. CranucnascKoro 4 B.. He- Mnposia-/[arfeHKo. «Cyh6a nama mie cHacThe Ha3BaTb CBOMMH YHHTeLIMH H CraHHcsaBckoro wt Hemnposna-/lanenko> [1, c. 59]. Yawnack Mapua Ocunosua Tace y O.J1. Kuunmep-"exo- oii # MIT. JIHAMHOH, BL. Kaaniona, M.M. Tap- ‘xaHosa H HLH. JIMTosuesoit, 470 BHOBb HOyYep- KHBAeT ee YHHKAMBHY!O BOSMOKHOCTH MepeHtsTs ONBIT Y AMY TearpalbHoit KUSHH [1; 2; 12) BHOBb BOSHHKaer MapaqoKc: NoveMy, ABIIA- sich YSeHUIeH (HO yYeHHier-aKTpHCOit) y Ta KX MMeHMTHIX MacrepoB, M.O. KHeGelb He cMorna MlOKOpHTb TearpanbHoro spuTess, Of HaKO B A@IbHeMilleM B3OUIMNa Ha perkuccepcKHii /vnaeHa nioprperty’ 343‘Boponuna HE. KonTexct Teopseckott cynb6oi Mapu KveSenb: uurens W enn Jc, 340-3491 MAPKA KHEBEAR @” no3s3na nNEAArFOrHKHK O6nowca naqanwa [12] nbenecrasi? HHO OTMeTHTb, TO OHA YUHLIAC Y akTepos He akTepcKomy Mactepcrsy (npste- Mam, YMeHHsIM), a cKopee TearpanbHofl ipakTH- Ke B IIMpOKoM cwbicre (aHcaMOnenocTs, paGora Ha atepatypHom MarepHate) [13; 14]. B atom W BHIpaxkaetca Mona H HeOGXOAMMOCT AIA M.O. KueGeitb Haarb THOpHeCKH HT aKTPH- colt 1A ee Gyaymeii pexuccepcKoii H neqaro- rueckoit paGorbi, Xots H He BCerxa Ta HONbsa OWeBHITHa . A.B. Ddppoc sasasul: «Takowa 2k Yepra coB- pemenHoro jipaMariieckoro Teatpa — 6e3 Gomb~ oii pexuccypst Her Gonbworo aprHcra. Bhi cka- weTe: eCTh HCKMONEHHA. HO OHH, KaK HBeCTHO, AM HomTBEpAaIOT paBHLta. Hi eCiK TBOM ap- THCTHI HeMOCTaTONHO BeNMKH, TO OHH 3epKasIO ‘reGa camoro» (11, c. 29]. Micxous H3 9TOPO, Monk Ho BbIcKasarb Mpestnonoxenne: durypa caMol Mapu KueGenb noucrune yuiKanbHa, Henosto- uiMa ee THopHeckast cynsGa. TIpuenentiast suInie uutrara 2oKasbiBaeT, 170 Gosblloe KOM YeCTBO Be- AMKHX H TlepBBIX JH TeaTpanbHo# HSH Hava XX B, HeMOCpesICTBEHHO OKASbIBATM BAMAHME Ha 3440 /\nacta, noerPetei/ cranopnenne M.O. KieGeb Kak akrpHtcbi, nesta- ora H pexkuccepa. KpoMe Toro, BAXHBIMH JUIs THOPHECKOTO po- cra cra roxbI Nperlofasanus M.O. KueGenb 8 onlepHoli cryaiMn K.C. CranmcnaseKoro (1936— 1938). AMeHHo 6 1930-e rr. cucrema K.C. Cra- HHCHABCKOTO OGOraMatach OTKPBITHSIMH, KOTO- pble apruKyMposamich 8 MpodeccnoHambHolt pene. On OTGHPaT MoOMLIX akTepoB Hi Tesaro~ Tos, B pesymbrare M.O. KieGenb oBziajienia MeTo- NOM stelicrBentHoro aHaziHsa mibecb H postit, KOTO btit B JatbHeiiteM akTHBHO MpHMeHsTa B CBOE! HpakrHke mpi mocranopKe cnexraKneii [15—17]. Halieno oGacHenne craxosenia M.O. KHe- Gent Kak pecxkuccepa, a He BeAHKOM akTpHeLI. Ona Gorbmoe BHUMaHMe yrenata aHaqusy yueHna K.C. Cranucnasckoro 4 B.M. Hemmposiua-Jfan- MeHKO HMeHHO Kak pexHccep, OOBACHAS NOCTOHH- ta Honoro Teatpanbioro NonxOja H MpHMeHs onbiT yurtereli B cBOeli PeKUCcepCKOIi, a SaTeM W Nejarormeckoit JesrenbHoctH. FA. Toscrono- op Bo scryrmieHi « KHHTe MO. KHeGen «103 SHA TlenaTOTHKHe MHUNeT, TO HMeNHO eit YsIaTOCL S20CTpHTb BHHMAHMe Ha 6a30BKIX MOMEHTAX Hx sHaMeHHToro yuerHa. MapHia Ocumosita mepert- Maer dy#nameHTabHBle YTBep-IeHHS, LONOKE COBpeMeHHILIM MatepHastoM [12, c. 7]. JJanHoe y4e- HHe MOSBONHAO efi OCOsHaTb, “TO B TBOPYECKOM Mpottecce perkvccep HeceT OTBETCTBEHHOCT, Ha- pabiisis aktepos, MMeHHO OH jouKeH GbITs Gosiee TOATOTORTEH, STOGH Nepenarh CRO; OMIT H BH- deHHe nocraHosku aprucram [17, c. 6]. B caian COTHM SAABTEHHEM MOKHO Cil€NATH BEIBOR 0 TOM, ‘ro Guarouaps TeoperH4eckHM TpyiaM H LIpa- KTHYeCKOH AesTembHOcTH K.C. CranucmapcKo- ro 4 B.H. Hesmposwya-Janyenko M.O. KneGenb pia BocrtitTava HMM, Ton HX PYKOBOIICTBOM HMeH- Ho Kak pexHccep, Ho He akrpica. KOHTEKCT TBOPUECTBA — PABEHCTBO C KOJWIETAMM ak HME CrpauHo, HO pasrasiuen B xpyn- oli xkenmane Gyaymtero GaucratenbHo- TO pexkuccepa, a He yuutrena ee Kommera AJ. Tonos. Ox samerin oeniin ee arian eCKHi MY2KCKOH ckaaa ya [6; 7]. [6, c. 303]. Heiicrsutensuo, Mapua Ocurtosiia yea- xauta A.JL, Tlonoba, crabs ero B oH paul c OCHO- BaTenAMH Mockosckoro XynOxkecTBeHHOTO Tea- ‘pa. Himenno x mitenmio A.J, Tloniova ona Berna npweayumeanace. Corwopyecrso ¢ A.J, [ononbim Moxi0 or- HeCTH Ko BTOPOMY NepHosy MyTH M.O. KHeGen, Koryta oHa craBisa cileKTaksan ¢ KosLIeraMit HapaB- He, «HecMoTpa Ha MHOTOsIeTHIONO /IpY’KOY c ATeK- ceem JIMitrpHeBitieN, HAM Hi pasy He MpHILIOCe paGorarb pMecre. “Tpy7Hbre ron” ObU1H nepBoli nau copMecriol paGoroi n rearpe> [6, c. 310]. HecMorps Ha To To K Hatlaay mocTaHOBKH mibecht (1946) A.H. Tosicro- To Kambtit H3 pexuccepos HMex CBOii HeMazttii ombir, MM GbuIO YeMy noyuHThcs Apyr y Apyra. [6, ¢. 319]. Ho H M.O. KiieGenb, 8 cBo10 ovepenb, 61a rouaps| onbtry paGorst Bo MXATe, noMoraia AJL Tlonony nowar Kaxqoro akrepa. «3a TpHA- arb sier paGorbl 8 MXAT oransio pasOupa- ACH B KARTOM HS YYACTHHKOB H TOHMaNA, ITO Miler OF s1eHH, 40 — OF OOUxKeHHOTO camosi06Us, TO — OT s-[le “Takoji-To", a MeHsI B MaccoBOii cyene sansum... Tro Mier OF xkeuaHHs COBOL poBaTh “npHrviamieHHoro pexuccepa”, a 40 — oT aeficraurebubix tpyauocteli> [6, ¢. 319]. B cBonx MeMyapax [1; 6] M.O. KHeGemb ynowit- Hae? He TOubKO KouUNerY, ¢ KOTODIM BCTpeTHAACh HoatHee, — coneTcKoro akrepa, pexkuiccepa, Te0- petika Tearpa u negarora Aexcea [uumpuesnua Tlonosa, Ho H caoero onHoKaimHHKa rio 2-H Cry- ‘ult MXT, HsBectHOro CoBeTCKOLO akTepa H perkiic- cepa, nejtarora H.IT. Xmewiesa. Onn Brpoest paGo- ‘TAH Had HOCTaHOBKOM «TpyaHbie Poabi>. Mapa Ocrinosiia samesaa mHoro oGutero Mexkity CBOHMH KONMIeraMH, YrBEPIKIAR, 410 OHH OGa LOTOBEI TlON- OBCEPBATOPHA KV/IbTVPbL 2018, 7.15, NP HOCTHIO OrpYSHTbCH B TBOPYECKHi Mpottecc. «Mie Kaxkercs, 4TO CaMOii XapakTepHoli 4eproit ero "Taop4ecTBa Ohta Ta OstepRMMOCTS, KOTOPAM H Pon ura ero ¢ Xmenesbist> (6, c. 319]. M.O. KneGests ‘cersla HOHOCTbIO NOrpYAkaztach B NpoUtecc Mocta~ HOBKH cilekTakiIA, H 97a 2ke Yepra ei HMTIONApOBA- sta B paGore Koster A.JI, Honosa w HTL. Xmesiesa. Oka YacTo BcnlomMMHaga cioBa JI.H. Toncroro: «Jes ‘Toncroit rosopm, sro paGora B Hexyccrue TpeSy- er “rmyGokoit naxorbt". KUSH Hay"IUIa MH Be pitti B Myapocts atoro onpeytenenus. TBop4eckie BeTpesH co CraHMcraBcKHM, Hemuposnuest-[laH- eHko, FTonopbin, XMenewbiM slaBasiH ypoRH “ny Gurtio¥i Teopseckoii naxoTHt”, CROIiCTBeHHO! ITHM xygoxumiKam> [6, c. 317]. OfHuM Ha He npocto Konner, Ho H Apyseit M.O. KneGent 6111 TIA. Mapkos — coseteKnit aTpambHbilt KPHTHK, pexkHCCep, HICTOpHK H Teope- ‘THK Tearpa, nenaror [1; 18]. Muoro ner II.A. Map- Kos # M.O. KxeGenb npopaborann Bo MXATe, BMecre Mperlojjasaiu B PoccuiicKom MucTHTy- Te Teatpambitoro Hexyccrsa — THTHCe, pmecte (CTABHOTH MHICLeHpoBKy Mo TopectH @.M. JlocTo- exckoro «[Iaromkne con» (1972). B 1970-e rr. M.O. Kue6emb nocroanto noaBasmace Ha mpe- MbepHBIX cTrekTaKasx B Tearpax Mocksst BMecre co cBoHM BepHbIM ApyroM IT.A. Mapkospm [1]. Tloxmuys crenbt MXATa, 8 1950 r. ona cra~ Jia pexkuccepo, a B 1955—1960 rr. sBnAnach TlaBHBIM pexHecepom LlenTpalbHoro JercKoro TeaTpa. JlanHbtii nepHog, MOxKHO OTHECTH K T10- cueaHeMy graily Teopyectsa Mapun Ocunos- HB, Korgla ona Bee Gombie crapanact npipre- Kab K COBMecTHOH paGore CBOHX Y4eHUKOB. [ost ee pyKOBORCTROM TeaTp OCBOGORHLICA OT MHOTHX UrTaMI1OB, & eT penlepryape HosBiUiach KHaccHKA WinponsneeHns HOBEIX aBTOPOB, Mex Bcero — upamatypra B.C. Pososa [1; 6; 19]. JIMYHOCTb M.O. KHEBEJIb B KOHTEKCTE PABOTbI C YYEHMKAMU COUXOMMMO YHOMAKYT MbICnb A.B. 94)- poca 0 TOM, #70 «Ges Gombino#i pexuccy- pb Her Gombuoro apructa... H eca TOK ApTHCTHI He7OCTaTONHO BEsIHKH, TO OHH 3epKANO ‘TeGs{ camoro» [1, c. 29]. B cyabGe M.O. KueGenb /vnaea niopreerby/ 345‘Boponuna HE. KonTexct Teopseckott cynb6oi Mapu KveSenb: uurens W enn Jc, 340-3491 IpHcyTCTHOBAAM He TOADKO BemNKHe, HMeHHTBIE YUHTeNIA, HO M BLIAIOUIWeCs Y4eHHKH, YTO BHOBb Hlontwepxsiaer ee Gombmlyto Saczyry, MpHBHEceH- nylo 6 oTevecrseHHbiii Tearp. M.O. KueGenb, aBanach BbiAaIOMLAMCH Tema- TOrOM H pexkHCcepoM, BoCTMTasIa Wesy NpH- SHAHHBIX ResITevteii TeaTpa, MHOTHe HX KOTOPBIX CT|sIH BeAYMMUMM peKHCCEePAMH B PAE crpaH Mupa. Ona naysia npodeccun, Hayke 0 Tea~ ‘Tpe H MUPOTIOHMMAHHIO MHOTHX pexsccepos, KoTopbie cyMeNM COsaTb CBO OCOGbIIi, He- NoBTopHMBIit OGpas TeaTpa BTOpoli NONOBHEB XX — Havana XXI eka. Cpean nix: A.B. 9¢- poc, JILE. Xeiidbeut, B.X. Maxco, B.M. AKcéHOB, M.B. Buukos, E.M. Enanckas, A.A. Ianupo, AA. Bacuizbes, IK. Mantkaitutoc, B.A. Mopo- sop, C.H. ApuGautes, HII. Paitxenbrays, Kro-r0 oxonuma Kype M.O. KxeGenb THTHCe: A.B. Dppoc, ILE. Xeiitpen, BX. Mauico, M.B. Borakos, A.A. Bacitbes, IK. Maltkasiaioc, WLI. Paiixenbrays, B.A. Moposos 4 C.H. ApinGa- mes. Kro-ro yurtaca y Hee B acripatype, HantpHt- Mep E.H, Enanckas. Bonee 20 set M.O. KieGemts emia pexHccepcKyio slaGopatopiiio npt Beepoc- cuiickom TearpambHoM oGtIecrse, Kya BxONHTA PYKOBOMHTENH BeAYUINX MOsIOREKHBIX TeaTPOB cTpanbi, B TOM UMeme P.T. BAKTIOK, A.B. Bopo- iii, JLA. Jlonny. Hssecribie pexnccepst o6y4a- JMCh ¥ M.O. KieGemb 8 Bbictteli pexuccepcKoit aaGopatopHit: B.M. Axcéxos, A.f1. Ilanmpo. [lo- cae yxona M.O. KieGem 1a6opatopiio posria- BILL ee YYeHHK H HocieoBarenb A.A. HanKpo. ‘Taioxe ofa nomora packpsrTica B MporpeccHHt HS nectiomy pexuccepy O.H. Epemozy. K chicky ee y¥eHHKOB MOKHO OTHEcTH He ‘TOUbKO PeKMCCepOB, HOM akrepos, HanpUMep M.M. BaGanony it M.M. IlIrpayxa. Bee yeHnkn NOWMTAH H OTHOCHMCh C HMeTeTOM K M.O. Kue- Genb. Mapua Ocitnona 6bi1a cambiM TepresiH- BBbIM H TallaHNTALMBbIM {1eskaFOTOM HS BCexX. Tlo MHeHHo caMoii M.O. KeGenb, «nenaror He TONBKO ONKEH pasrayar npodeccHouatb- nyo mpuronocrs Gyayutero pexiccepa, Ho 1On- 2KeH HOCHELOBATENLLHO, TepHesMBO HepeLatrb CBO- eMY YHeHHKY Bech HakOMLIeHHti OMIT, 3ACTABHTD OBEpHTS B Hero H CHleNaTb CBOHM» [12, c. 6] Tipu Hcenenonannn MatepHaios & Tpynax M.O. KueGenb oGHapymeta sHakoBas pelmuKa: PeKHCcepaMH, a MosHee M.O. KueGeub npusiekaer K CBOMM HOCraHOB- KaM HeNaBHIX YYeHHKOB 19 HAXORKMEHHA KOM- NpOMMCCOB ¢ HOBDIM BpeMeNteM, Just NOCTHDKEHHS eqMHOMBICANS c nyGIHKOii H akTepaM. B70 Obi ce rilabiible KpHrepHl B pexuccepcKoi: paGore. Viva MO. KieGens npouto Bonito B HcTopHto M Kyalbtypy cobercKoro XX weKa. Maps Ocustion- a IpHHaniekiT K oKONeHHTO, GoraroMy AYXOM HW OlapeuHIOMY TalaToM. B TevenHe Bceit HSH ee OKpy:KAIH rpomKHte HMeHE. Bivla M.O. KeGenb, BHeceHHEn 6 Tearpallb- HYIo 2KHSHB, BAETCH KOHTEKCTOM Just NosIBe- [Hla HOBLIX HMeH BedKIX peKHCCepOB M aKTEpOB. Tlapanoxe cyqs6x1 M.O. KneGenb — cosniae- Me I1YTH & peHCCYpe M MeALOrMKe: OF YYEHMUBL HW TOMOMHILH! BeNKHNX pexHCcepos lo Macrepa HM IpHsHaHHoro npodeccKouaita. OBCEPBATOPHAKV/IBTYPE 2018. 7.15, NPSVoronina WE. The Context of Matia Knebe’s Artistic Fate: Teachers and Students pp. 940-34/ CiicoK HcTOuHHKOB 1. KneGexs M.O. Bes xia1tb, Mockna : Bcepoc. Te- anp. 0-Bo, 1967. 587 c. URL: http://padaread. com/?book=72867&pg=1 (nara o6panenm 15.02.2018). 2. KueGens M.O. Illxoaia pexnccypot Hemmpona- Tlanyeriko, Moca : Hexycerso, 1960. 218 ¢. 3. Hemuposue-Jannenxo B.H. Poxsenme rearp: [0 Mockosckom Xynoxecrsenitiom Teatpe] : Boc- oman, CraTbH, 3aMerkn, riichMa. Mocksa : Tipasia, 1989. 575 ¢. 4. Tloxskooa EH, Cranucnascxnit, Mockva : Wexyc~ Bo, 1977, 463 c. 5. Conosweea H.H. Tleppan cryqua. Bropoli MXAT : M9 MpakTHKH Tearpamtbibix Hel XX HeKa, Mo- cxoa : Honoe anreparyproe oGosperne, 2016. 667 c. 6. Kue6en M.0. 0 tom, sro mite Karkeren ocoGertt0 ‘BaXKHBIM : CraTbH, O4ePKH, Hoprperts. [Mocks] [Hicxyccrs0}, [1971]. 488 c. 7. Tonos A.{. Taopreckoe nacneawe : [8 3 r.]. T. 1. Boctionnniannn # pasmeinatenns o tearpe. Xy Jomectaenias rlewoctHOcTE cnekTakiA, Mocksa Boepoc. rearp. 0-B0, 1979..519 c. 8. Bradunuposa 3.B. M.O. KueGex». Mocksa : Hckye~ rp0, 1991. 286 c. 9. Tono6oxun ©.H. Tenxoorns. Mocksa : Tpocae- ene, 1973. 240 c. URL: hitp://www-biografia, ru/about/psihologia.html (nara o6panyenma: 15.02.2018). 10. Musosapoaa H.C. Mapua KneGens: wnat Ges nor- vst [Darextporst pecype] // HE Aumpaxr : mpi Jlowertne k Hesapvicrimoii rasere, 2008, 23 Maa. URL: http: /www.ng,.ru/antrakt/2008-05-23/19__ knebel.html (sara o6pamens: 15.02.2018). 11. Bppoc A.B. Mpodeccus: pexnccep. Mockna : BATPHYC, 2000. 570 ‘KueGeaw M.O. Mosaun negaroriia, [2-e w3-|.Mo~ ‘citba : Beepoe, Teatp. 0-B0, 1984, 526 c. KueGext M.O. Cxov0 raopyecrbe aktepa : y4e6. hhoco6we. Mocksa : PATH-THTHC, 2009. 160 c. Sasadexuit 10.A. Yantean # ysennKn, Mocksa : Hexycerso, 1975. 335 ¢. 15, BunoepadcKas HH. usu n Toopyecrao K.C. Cra- HnenaBcKoro : Jerome :B 4 r. 1863-1938. Mo- ‘ccna : Beepoc, tearp. 0-80, 1971. (Cmanucnascxuit K.C. PaGora axtepa nag posbio // CoGpanne connnennii: 8 8 t. Mocksa : Mexyccrso, 1991. T. 4, 399 ¢. KneGexs MO. 0 neiictsennom anamse mbectt pos. 3-e wa. Mocksa : Mexycets0, 1982. 119 c. ‘Mapros TLA., Tyuxun FH. Mockoacxnit xyaoxecr Berni Teatp. 1898-1948, Mockna : Hckyecrao, 1950. 118. Posoe B.C, Pexccep, Koroporo st m10Gm0 // Tearp Auaroams 3eppoca : Boctiomnatis crarba / cocT. M.P. 3ationty, Mockna : Apract. Pexstccep. Teap, 2000. €. 31-50. xomnuxoaa T.C. “acto Mupa...TeaTp : OHepKH TeO- ‘PHM HCropHH Tearpa. Spociiane : Msj-Bo FIpoc- sta, roc. nen. ytt-Ta, 2005, 340 c. 12. 13. 14. 16. 7. 18, 19, 20, ‘Haniocmpayuu npedocmaaxenss ‘dsmopom cmamou The Context of Maria Knebel’s Artistic Fate: Teachers and Students Nadezhda E. Voronina K.D. Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical Uni- versity, 108/1, Respublikanskaya Str., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia E-mail: nadezhda.voronina.7@mail.ru Abstract. The article reveals the main features of MO. Knebel’ artistic periods. She was an out- standing director and theatre teacher of the 20th century. In May 2018, it was 120 years since her OBSERVATORY OF CULTURE, 2018, VOL. 15, NO.3 birth. This study applies historical-cultural, socio cultural, and art-historical methods. On the ba- sis of systematization and generalization of her bi- ographical information, as well as analysis of her creative way, the article traces the transformation of M.O. Knebel from a supporting actress to the di- rector and theater teacher. The study is relevant, because M.O. Knebel is underestimated as a person who harmoniously combined acting, directing and ‘pedagogical intentions. There is much attention paid to the main paradox of M.O. Knebel’s creative career, which consists in understanding that if she had not had the episodic actress’ experience she would not have come to the di- /Nanes porTRAITS/ 347Voronina MLE. The Context of Maria Knebel's Artistic Fate: Teachers and Students /pp. 240-349" recting and pedagogical way. All M.O. Knebel’s crea live achievements arose from her not quite successful acting career. Therefore, the study proves the connec tion between the experience of M.O. Knebel as an ac~ tress of the second roles in the Moscow Academic Art Theater and the successfl implementation of her di- recting and pedagogical aspirations. To identify the hidden springs of M.O. Knebel’s ac tivity, much attention is paid to the context of her work: her circle is analyzed — the teachers, col- leagues, students. The author emphasizes that ‘M0. Knebel was a kind of link between theatrical generations, Being a propagandist of the great Stani- slaysky and Nemirovich-Danchenko’s teachings and continuing the traditions of her teachers, she raised a bunch of outstanding directors. Thus, the personal- ity of M.O. Knebel, presented in a wide context, is in- cluded, in turn, into the contextual circle for genera lization of new directors and actors’ creative work. The article shows the result of the study, which refutes the idea of secondary cultural significance of the ac~ tors who did not become famous and did not receive outstanding recognition, but crystallized into great teachers and directors who even established a crea tive school. Key words: M.O. Knebel, Moscow Art Theatre, Moscow Academic Art Theater, K.S. Stanislavsky, V.L Nemirovich-Danchenko, theatre, supporting actor, creative career, theatre teacher, director, student. Citation: Voronina N.E. The Context of Mari Knebel's Artistic Fate: Teachers and Students, Observatory of Culture, 2018, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 340-349. DOI: 10.25281/2072-3156-2018- 15-3-340-349, References 1. Knebel M.O. Vsya ahizn’ [All the Life]. Mos cow, Vserossiiskoe Teatral'noe Obshchest- vo Publ., 1967, 587 p. Available at: http:// padaread.com/?book-728678&pg-1 (accessed 15.02.2018). 2. Knebel M.O. Shkola rezhissury Nemirovicha- Danchenko |Nemirovich-Danchenko's School of Di rection]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1960, 218 p. 3, Nemirovich-Danchenko VL Rozhdenie teatra: Vo- spominaniya, stat‘i, zametki, pis'ma {The Birth of the Theater: Memories, Articles, Notes, Letters} ‘Moscow, Pravda Publ., 1989, 575 p. 348 /NaMes. ponrrairs/ 4. Polyakova E.1. Stanislavsky. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 197, 463 p. (in Russ.) 5. Solovyova IN. Pervaya studiva, Vtoroi MKRAT: #2 praktikiteatral'nykh idei XX veka [The First Studio. The Second Moscow Academic Art Theatre: From the Practice of Theatrical Ideas of the 20th Centu- ry]. Moscow, Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie Publ 2016, 667 p. 6. Knebel M.O. 0 tom, chto mne kazhetsya osobenno vazhnym: stati, ocherki, portrety [On What I Think Is Particularly Important: Articles, Essays, Por- traits}, 488. 7. Popov A.D. Tvorcheskoe nasledie: T. 1. Vospomi- naniya i razmyshleniya o teatre. Khudozhestven- naya tselostnost’ spektaklya [Creative Heritage: Volume 1. Memories and Reflections on The ater. The Artistic Integrity of Performance]. Mo: cow, Vserossiiskoe Teatral'noe Obshchestvo Publ 1979, 519 p. 8, Vladimirova Z.V. M.O. Knebel. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1991, 286 p. (in Russ.). 9. Gonobolin EIN. Psikhologiva [Psychology]. Mos- cow, Prosveshchenie Publ., 1973, 240 p. Available at http://ww-biografia.ru/about psihologia.htm! (accessed 15.02.2018). ovarova N.S. Maria Knebel: A Life with No Dog- ma, NG Antrakt: prilozhenie k Nezavisimoi gazete ING Entr‘acte: Annex to the Independent News- paper], 2008, May 23. Available at: http://www. ng.ru/antrakt/2008-05-23/19_knebel.htil (ac~ cessed 15.02.2018) (in Russ). 1. Efros A.V. Professiya: rezhisser [Profession: Direc- tor]. Moscow, VAGRIUS Publ., 2000, 570 p. 12, Knebel M.O. Poeziya pedagogiki {The Poetry of Ped- agogy]. Moscow, Vserossiiskoe Teatral’noe Ob- shichestyo Publ., 1984, 526 p. 13, Knebel M.O. Slovo v tvorchestve alttera: ucheb. po- sobie [The Word in the Work of Actor: textbook]. Moscow, RATI-GITIS Publ., 2009, 160 p. 14, Zavadsky Yu.A. Uckitelya i ucheniki [Teachers and Students]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ, 1975, 335 p. 15, Vinogradskaya LN. Zhizn’ i tvorchestvo K.S. Stani- slavskogo: Letopis’: v 4 t. 1863—1938 [K.S. Stan- islavsky’s Life and Work: Chronicle: in 4 volumes 1863-1938]. Moscow, Vserossiiskoe Teatral'noe Obshchestvo Publ., 1971. 16. Stanislavsky K.S. Actor’s Work on the Role, So- branie sockinenit: v8 t, {Collected Works: in 8 vol- umes]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1991, vol. 4, 399 p. (in Russ.). OBSERVATORY OF CULTURE, 2018, VOL. 18, NO. 3Voronina WE. The Context of Matia Knebe’s Artistic Fate: Teachers and Students pp. 940-34/ 17. Knebel M.O. 0 deistvennom analize p'esy i roti _of Anatoly Efros: Memories, Articles]. Moscow, [About an Effective Analysis of the Play and Artist. Rezhisser. Teatr Publ., 2000, pp. 31~50 the Role]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1982, 119 p. (in Russ.). 18, Markov P.A., Chushkin N. Moskovskif Bhudozhest- 20. Zlotnikova ‘TS. Chast’ mira... leatr:ocherkiteorit i is- vennyi teatr. 1898-1948 [Moscow Art Theatre. tori teaira [A Part of the World... Theater: Essays, 1898-1948}. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1950, 118p. on the Theory and History of Theater]. Yaroslavl, 19. Rozoy V.S. The Director I Like, Teatr Anatoti- __Yaroslavskogo Gostdarstvennogo Pedagogichesk- ya Efrosa: vospominaniya, stat (The Theatre ogo Universiteta Publ., 2005, 340 p. 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O6pasoearensiise nporpanus! 4 Texvonorun cbopwuposana® xoMeTeNTHOCTed ObHapyxehuNs2aNNCTORS- ‘ina, conpoBoxneiive nonsaosarenes @ CHCTeMax O6napyAeHA SaNMCTEOEANUR, NpOAYKTHBHOCTE MMeNED- .xMoMT KavOCTEA CHCTEM O6apyMEHUR 2AHMCTBOBAHI 10. irTerpayun cucrow nowcxa aauMcTROEaKIR C BHyTPEHIAMN HAKpopNa\UONHGMNN cuCTeNaMN o6pan0na- Teno opranncaiyn, TpenapuTenuian pervicTpauyn Ha xoHcbepentwo oGnaarenuia. WiacTue - GecnnaTHoe. OBSERVATORY OF CULTURE, 2018, VOL. 15, NO.3 /wanes. porrratrs/ 849