i

Contents

1. Subtopic: Product recall

factors……………………………………………..............1

2. What factors caused product recall/ product safety issues?

(Q:1A) ................................1

3. What factors need to consider during product recall?

(Q:1B) .........................................3

4. What factors need to be considered after product recall (post-recall) to avoid future
recall? (Q:1C) ................................................................................................................4

5. Subtopic: Product recall management & strategy…......

…………………………...5

6. What is the strategic plan to manage a product recall?

(Q:2A) .......................................5

7. How to manage a product recall effectively for a company’s sustainability?

(Q:2B) ....6

8. Subtopic: Product recall

impacts…………………………………………………….8

9. What is the impact of a product recall on affected brands?

(Q:3A) .................................8

10. What is the impact of a product recall on consumer’s perceptions?

(Q:3B) ....................9

11. What is the impact of a product recall on firms and industries?

(Q:3C) ..........................9

12. References …………………………………………………………………………...11

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Topic: Product Recall in Food Industry

Subtopic:
1) Product recall factors
2) Product recall management & strategy
3) Product recall impacts
Subtopic:
1) Product Recall Factors:
A. What factors caused product recall/ product safety issues?
B. What factors need to consider during product recall?
C. What factors need to be considered after product recall (post-recall) to avoid future recall?

No. Title of Journal Author(s)/ Year Summary Correspond

Publisher to Question
1 Investigation of (Mat Aris & Objective to identify the traceability implementation status between food Q: 1A
traceability and Soon, 2014) manufacturers and SMEs, which is a critical system to prevent food safety
recall plans of issues. Moreover, to determine the Critical Traceability Points (CTPs) in their
food processing Hindawi supply chains by conducted the traceability and product recall system in
plants and Small Malaysia and resulting there are some factors in the lack of implementing
and Medium traceability system, which cause from the time limitation, no direct benefits to
Enterprises in the firm's economy and short of direction and guidance from the government.
Kelantan,
Malaysia

2 Product safety (Marucheck et Focus on operations management in four areas, and study further the Q: 1A
and security in al., 2011) perspectives and insights provided from these four areas to address the product
the global supply safety and security both challenges in the global supply chain, which emerge in
chain: Issues, Elsevier five industries. Results indicate that contamination is the main issue in the food
challenges and industry global supply chain, while the operations management can develop
research better solutions by understanding the role supply chain in solving both product
opportunities safety and security problems.
 2

3 Corporate Social (Mohezar et al., To investigate how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is embedded in food Q: 1A
Responsibility in 2016) retailers' operations by conducted a study with four hypermarkets in Malaysia.
the Malaysian The findings show that CSR is grounded in environmental, food safety, labor
Food Retailing International and human rights, community, and sourcing, which are the main factors to
Industry: An Academic practice and implement CSR within Malaysian.
Exploratory Research Journal
Study

4 Does corporate (Kong, 2012) To study the significance of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) on listed Q: 1A
social companies in the food industry using China's melamine contamination
responsibility Elsevier incident. Resulting CSR is vital in the food industry due to its wide range of
matter in the potential benefits and thus receives the most attention, and food safety rises as
food industry? the ultimate CSR concern. The policy implications should not neglect too,
Evidence from a where government and firms should strengthen the CSR-related activities
nature through their roles, respectively.
experiment in
China

5 Determining (Soon, 2020) To determine common contributory factors in food processing incidents that Q: 1A
common cause food safety issues. Findings showed that the top two causes are:
contributory Elsevier undeclared allergens and cross-contamination, derived from food recalls over
factors in food 2008-2018 (total 2,932 cases). This research has proposed the first and
safety incidents secondary causes for these two recorded causes as guidance to prevent food
– A review of safety incidents.
global outbreaks
and recalls
2008–2018

6 Factors (Nawi, 2018) The food recalled scandals have negatively impacted three different aspects. Q: 1A
influencing This study analyses the factors that affected customers' preferences towards
 3

consumers’ International traceability systems in Malaysia's meat industry. Furthermore, the factor
preferences Food Research analysis results discovered six factors as well which will cause food safety
towards meat Journal issues. Thus, traceability systems could raise food safety standards throughout
and meat the meat production supply chain.
products with
traceability
systems in
Malaysia

7 Factors (Hassan et al., It aims to examine consumers' knowledge level and five factors affecting their Q: 1A
influencing 2018) knowledge of contaminated food products. All scientific knowledge of
consumers' contamination symptoms is significant to be known by consumers instead of
knowledge International between scientists only to avoid food safety issues.
towards Food Research
contaminated Journal
peanut-based
products

8 Food recalls, (Charlebois, The objective is to present crisis management principles, preparation, and Q: 1B
systemic causal 2011) recovery through a conceptual framework for product recall in the food
factors and industry. Results showed values as a factor in crisis management during recall.
managerial Emerald Insight They also proposed identifying important principles for crisis management,
implications: where communication issue is predominant in food recalls. Besides, internal
The case of and external causal factors should also relate to food recalls, which are not
Premiere Quality oriented externally in modern concepts.
Foods

9 Corporate (Quanhong & To research the motivation and effects of corporate governance perspective Q: 1B
product recall Xin, 2015) towards corporate performance during a product recall. It indicates that product
and its influence recall may drive by corporate external and internal factors, and product recall
Atlantis Press
 4

on corporate may positively and negatively influence corporate performance during a

performance product recall.

10 A simulated (Anne‐Marie To investigate traceability systems' effectiveness in five food sectors. The Q: 1B
recall study in Donnelly et al., result showed that the firm's motivation is the factor for a successful
five major food 2012) traceability process while mixing transformations creates challenges during the
sectors traceability process.
Emerald Insight

11 Consumers’ (Kaaviya et al., To identify consumers' opinions about food product harm crisis. Resulting the Q: 1C
opinion towards 2019) food quality is the main factor influencing consumers' purchase choices, and
food product most respondents will purchase the same product again after the issues were
recall European Journal solved. Results showed that a product traceability system that affects the
of Nutrition & quality of goods needs to implement to ensure food safety and overcome the
Food Safety food harm crisis. Also, product quality is a factor that will affect brand loyalty
as well.

12 Ensuring food (Johnson-Hall, To investigate the factors that influence corrective action in the food product Q: 1C
safety by 2017) recalls procedure by studying the locus of failure, agency discovery, recall
preventing food breadth, and firm size. The findings showed that these four aspects were
recalls: The Taylor & Francis significantly associated with corrective action and discussed the prevention
impact of locus method to avoid future recalls.
of failure,
regulatory
agency
discovery,
breadth, and
firm size on
corrective action

Subtopic:
2) Product Recall Management & Strategy:
 5

A. What is the strategic plan to manage a product recall?

B. How to manage a product recall effectively for a company’s sustainability?

No. Title of Journal Author(s)/ Summary Correspond

Year Publisher To Question
13 Managing Product (Magno, 2012) To investigate the effect of four variables on consumers' post-recall brand Q: 2A
Recalls: The attitudes: 1) timing to begin product recall; 2) recall management
effects of time, Elsevier responsibility; 3) recall managements’ opportunistic; 4) blame on the firm’s
responsible vs. unsafe products. The comprehensive model tested shown that only No.2 is
opportunistic recall related positively with post-recall brand attitude, while No.1, 3, and 4 harm
management and it. This paper also derived some useful strategic analyzed from the results of
blame on the study.
consumers’
attitudes

14 Communicating (Benson, 2011) Objective to address the significance of critical elements in crisis planning, Q: 2A
risk to consumers preparedness, and management. Results showed the main recommendations
in domestic and Elsevier for efficient risk communication for all key stakeholders during food recalls.
internationally Practical cooperation from the entire food chain can achieve food safety by
traded products reducing the impact, frequency, and severity of foodborne illness outbreaks.

15 A risk (Charlebois & It aims to develop a core risk communication strategy for food safety Q: 2A
communication Summan, 2015) regulators. Through analyzing the four strategies, results indicate that
model for food implementing risk communication strategies can reduce food safety risks.
regulatory agencies Elsevier
in modern society

16 Managing recalls (Kumar & It aims to analyze the recall management in a consumer product supply chain Q: 2A
in a consumer Schmitz, 2011) regarding reasons, costs, and measures to prevent recalls. This study showed
product supply the reasons for failures during processing, where contamination is the factor
Taylor &
 6

chain – root cause Francis that led to a product recall. It also indicated the ways to reduce consumer risk
analysis and during a product recall. Traceability systems played a role in supply chain
measures to recalls management efficiency.
mitigate risks

17 Managing product (Shaharudin et The study uses Institutional Theory (INT) to examine Malaysia's product Q: 2B
returns to achieve al., 2015) recall management's input and output as part of overall sustainability
supply chain achievement. Results showed that there are many internal and external
sustainability: an ResearchGate benefits to the firms on successful product returns management, which
exploratory study proved that it plays a vital role in the firm’s operation sustainability.
and research
propositions

18 Crisis (Kal-kausar et It aims to identify the food industries' perceptions of food recall's Q: 2B
communication al., 2013) importance, where the effective food recall procedure included
and management documentation, communication, and the deadline. It showed that
on food recall in ResearchGate communication is the strength of Malaysia's food recall procedure, including
the Malaysian food industries, authorities, consumers, media, and authority.
Food Industry

19 Cadbury Malaysia (Yu & Chan, To study the Cadbury Malaysia case from the crisis management perspective Q: 2B
porcine DNA case: 2020) and cultural approaches. It showed the crisis communication and strategies to
Lessons from crisis protect the organization's reputation during the crisis strike.
management and Malaysian
cultural Journal of Social
perspectives Sciences and
Humanities
(MJSSH)

20 RFID-generated (Piramuthu et To study the recall dynamics in a three-stage perishable food supply network Q: 2B
traceability for al., 2013) by analyzing three various contaminated visibility levels. Results indicate
contaminated that the decreasing traceability levels will cause increases in the perishable
 7

product recall in Elsevier food supply network's recall liability, and the effects of visibility are
perishable food distinctive at the lowest level downstream.
supply networks

21 Effect of different (Hu et al., 2017) To analyze the effectiveness of several food recall strategies in three Q: 2B
food recall countries (USA, Mainland China, and Hong Kong). The paper also provides
strategies on Emerald Insight the implication for food firms' effective recalls procedures, especially recalls
consumers’ are cross-country. Findings showed the different pattern occurs in the
reaction to significant main effect (interaction and mediation effect) between these three
different recall countries.
norms: A
comparative study

Subtopic:
3) Product Recall Impacts:
A. What is the impact of a product recall on affected brands?
 8

B. What is the impact of a product recall on consumer’s perceptions?

C. What is the impact of a product recall on firms and industries?

No. Title of Journal Author(s)/ Year Summary Correspond

Publisher to Question
22 Crisis brand (Custance et al., The objective is to review crisis brand management in emerging markets. The Q: 3A
management in 2012) study found that the product harm crisis had reduced domestic brands'
emerging markets: confidence significantly and affected buying behavior towards domestic
Insight from the Emerald Insight brands' changes perceptions. It also concludes that the cultural environment
Chinese infant milk may lead the firms to take various actions in emerging and developed markets.
powder scandal

23 The impact of (Assiouras et al., It aims to analyze CSR's impact after the product harm crisis in brand Q: 3A
corporate social 2013) evaluation, perception degree of danger, attribution of blame, and purchase
responsibility in intentions. Findings showed CSR has a moderation impact on all aspects
food industry in Emerald Insight besides the perceived degree of danger. The food industry’s firm should
product‐harm generate CSR strategies because it is part of crisis management and response
crises strategy.

24 Product recall, (Korkofingas & To identify the impact of a product recall on brand-equity measures and future Q: 3A
brand equity, and Ang, 2011) purchase intention. The result showed the product recall has more significant
future choice negative impacts on established strong brands than weaker non-established
Routledge brands. The product recall seriousness and recall time impact pre-&post-recall
differences in consumer evaluations of brand equity.

25 An investigation of (Byun & Dass, To investigate product recalls impact on brand commitment and purchase Q: 3A & 3B
the effects of 2015) intention. The results indicate different product recalls, affective commitment,
product recalls on and purchase behavior across four customer groups. Moreover, this could
brand commitment Emerald assist the brand manager in planning a product recall strategy.
 9

and purchase
intention

26 Effects of (Bortoli & To study the impact of a voluntary product recall on consumer trust based on Q: 3B
voluntary product Freundt, 2017) integrity, competence, and benevolence. Results showed that voluntary recall
recall on positively affects consumer trust, where integrity and competence fully
consumer’s trust Brazilian reconcile the association between voluntary recall and trust. Besides, the
Business purchase situation moderates the impact of the voluntary recall on
Review competence.
27 Consumer (Gao et al., It aims to identify how customers respond to betray their trusted brand through Q: 3B & 3C
scapegoating 2012) the melamine contamination crisis in China and investigate the perception
during a systemic involvement in multi-brand crises and attribution factors that lead to scapegoat
product-harm crisis Routledge effects. Resulting showed the first accused brand took unreasonable blame and
made scapegoat effects in industry-wide crisis. The contrasting roles of firms
and third parties in the supply chain in causal attributions have the most
distinct effect in consumer scapegoating through the 'early information' effect.

28 The impact of food (Seo et al., Investigate the abnormal returns (A.R.s) and cumulative abnormal returns Q: 3C
safety events on 2013) (CARs) of firms based on forty food safety events in the U.S. The results
the value of food- showed the magnitude and time consumption of the food safety events'
related firms: An Elsevier impacts on company value, influencing the firm-specific factors (history and
event study company size) and situational factors (media attention).
approach

29 What drives a (Liu et al., 2016) The company characteristics and CEO's incentives have been considered while Q: 3C
firm's choice of studying the remedy decisions in the basic of remedy cost and consumer harm.
product recall American Resulting in that the firms avoid full remedies when the remedy cost is high;
remedy? The Marketing they are willing to provide a full remedy for more severe product recall cases.
impact of remedy Association Besides, CEO's characteristic interferes with remedy decisions and recall
 10

cost, product strategy, where their financial interests will influence the effects of remedy
hazard, and the cost decision and consumer harm.
CEO

30 Economic impact (Hussain & To study and identify the economic impact of food recalls in the food industry. Q: 3C
of food safety Dawson, 2013) The results indicate that the economic impacts are severe and may cause a
outbreaks on food firm's closure and long-lasting damage to a particular food industry sector. It
businesses MDPI also highlights food firms need to improve food microbiological safety to
avoid a future recall.

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