TEAM 1

IONIZATION AND GASES

IONIZATION:

1-The most common type of ionization is ……….

A) THERMAL B) CUMULATIVE C) PHOTOIONIZATIO D) PENNING

2-The process of ionization is brought about by……….

A) POSITIVE IONS ONLY B) PHOTONS ONLY C) META STABLES ONLY D) BOTH A AND B

3-the electronic ionization efficiency is low when the electron has both low and
high speed
A) TRUE B) FALSE

4-if the kinetic energy of the free ion is less than the ionization energy, ……….
will occur.
A) IONIZATION B) PLASMA C) DEIONIZATION D) EXCITATION

5-which of the following is deionization process?

A) SPLITTING B) ATTACHMENT C) DETACHMENT D) BOTH B AND C

6-the electronic ionization efficiency is low when the electron has ……….
A) LOW SPEED B) HIGH SPEED C) BOTH A AND B

7-the minimum gained energy by the electron to ionize the atom successfully
A) IONIZATION ENERGY B) KINETIC ENERGY C) THERMAL ENERGY D) POTENTIAL ENERGY

8-When an atom collides with a photon, the condition for successful ionization is
A) h.v < eV B) h.v > eV C) K.E < eV D) K E > eV
9-SIMULTANEOUS IONIZATION means:
A) ATOM TO ATOM B) THERMAL C) PHOTON TO ATOM D) ELECTRON TO ATOM

10-when ionization process Starts with one type and ends with another, it’s
called:
A) SIMULTANEOUS B) ELECTRONIC C) CUMULATIVE D) THERMAL
 TOWNSAND:
1-………………. The average number of ionizing collisions made by an
electron per centimeter travel in the direction of the field.
A) TOWNSEND’S FIRST IONIZATION COEFFICIENT

B) TOWNSEND’S SECONDARY IONIZATION COEFFICIENT

2-……………. Is called the electron avalanche.

αd
A) E -1
αd
B) E
αd
C) E +1

D) E αd
3- AT TOWNSEND EXPERIMENT THE GAS AT …………. AT

DISCHARGE TUBE.

A) LOW PRESSURE

B) HIGH PRESSURE

C) ONLY AT VERY HIGH PRESSURE

D) ONLY BAT VERY LOW PRESSURE

4- …………. Number of secondary electrons produced by the impact of

single +ve ion to the cathode
A) TOWNSEND’S FIRST IONIZATION COEFFICIENT

B) TOWNSEND’S SECONDARY IONIZATION COEFFICIENT

5-. At Townsend Experiment at ………… sparks happen

A) SELF SUSTAINED DISCHARGE REGION .

B) NON- SELF SUSTAINED DISCHARGE REGION .

C) DARK DISCHARGE REGION .

D) ALL OF THE BOVE .

6- . At Townsend Experiment reversed curve at

A) SELF SUSTAINED DISCHARGE REGION .

B) NON- SELF SUSTAINED DISCHARGE REGION .

C) DARK DISCHARGE REGION .

D) B&C .
 7- Which theory explains the mechanism for breakdown under different
conditions?
A) TOWNSEND THEORY

B) STREAMER THEORY

C) CLUMP THEORY

D) ONLY (A) AND (B)

8- At Townsend Experiment , the ionization process is initiated by ……..

A) FREE SPACE DISCHARGE

B) ULTRAVIOLET

C) SELF-PROCESS

D) ALFA PARTICLES

9- If the kinetic energy of the free ions is less than the ionization energy ,
……… will occur.
A) IONIZATION

B) EXCITATION

C) DEIONIZATION

D) PLASMA

10- In gases , if the applied voltage is less than the sparking voltage
,……… will occur.
A) DARK DISCHARGE

B) GLOW DISCHARGE

C) ARC

D) BREAKDOWN

PASCHEN’S LAW:
1)According to the Paschen’s Law, the breakdown voltage of a uniform field gap
is
a. Directly proportional to the gas pressure and inversely proportional to the electrode gap
b. Inversely proportional to the gas pressure and directly proportional to the electrode gap
c. Directly proportional to the both electrode gap and gas pressure
d. Inversely proportional to the both electrode gap and gas pressure

2) if p is the pressure of gas and d the distance of separation between the

electrodes, the sparking potential according to paschen’s law is function of:
a)P only b)d only c) pd d) none of them

3)Highest ionization efficiency point according to paschen’s law occur at

a)max sparking potential b) zero c) min sparking potential d) none of
them

4) the sparking potential(Vs) of a certain gas is function of the product of gas

pressure(P) and electrode spacing(D) the above statement is known as
a) electron avalanche b)paschen’s low c)thermal stability principle d) none of
them

5) At high pressure the main free bath is

a)small b)large c)a and b d) none of them

6) according to paschen’s curve at high pressure the sparking potential is

…………. With Pd
a)directly proportion b) inversely proportion c) not depend on each other d) none of them

7) according to paschen’s curve at low pressure the sparking potential is

…………. With Pd
a)directly proportion b) inversely proportion c) not depend on each other d) none of them

8) For ionization at high pressure the main free bath is small so we need to
a) inc electric field b) inc distance between electrode c) dec electric field
9) as pressure increase the number of collions will ………. Then the main free
path will ……..
a)inc, inc b)inc , dec c) dec ,dec d) none of them

10) pressure and main free path is

a)directly proportion b) inversely proportion c) not depend on each other d) none of them

PROBLEMS :

A- In nitrogen at 100 torr if Townsend 1st coefficient α is related to the

electric field E by the relation in the following table :
[α] cm-1 0.01 0.1 0.6 1 2.4 5.0 7.0 10.0
[E] v/cm 45 65 100 110 200 400 600 1000
The second Townsend coefficient Ϫ is 0.05 and the electrode spacing is 0.6 cm .
1-1st Townsend coefficient is approximately……….cm-1
a)1 b)2.4 c)5 d)7

2-find the electric field required to produce sparking.

a) 600 b)200 c)45 d)400

3-the sparking potential is

a) 3850 v b) 38.5 kv c)3850 kv d)3.85 v

4- the minimum sparking potential…….

a)201 b)112 c) 244 d)287

5-the corresponding product of pressure and distance of electrodes are

a)0.3torr.cm b)0.55torr.cm c)0.35torr.cm d)0.4torr.cm

6-the ionization potential if A=15 cm-1 at 293 k and B =365 v/cm

a) 25 v b)36.5 v c)240.3 v d)24.3 v

B- in a certain gas at low pressure if α is related to E by the following

𝑬
α=( )𝟒.𝟑𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 .the second townsend coefficient Ϫ is of value 0.01
𝟐𝟎
7- find the electrode spacing to produce breakdown .Assume electric field is
maintained constant at 80 kv/m.
a-0.3 cm b- 0,4 cm c-0.5 cm d- 5 cm

C- the breakdown voltage of air between two parallel plates spaced by a

distance of 0.003 m is 15 kv,
8-calculate the total secondary coefficient of ionization Ϫ at N.T.p
(𝜶/𝒑)=A𝒆−𝑩𝒑/𝑬
Where, p is the air pressure in torr, E is the electric field in v/cm.
A=4.7786 B=221 for 25≤E/p≤60 v/cm torr
A=9.682 B=264.2 for 60≤ E/p≤250 v/cm torr

a-5.2 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟖 b-4.02 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 c -3.02 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟖 d-5.2

d) In a certain gas at 760 Torr and 20° C, the 1" Ionization coefficient is given by:
−𝑩𝑷
𝛂 = 𝐀𝐏𝒆 𝑬 where A = 15, B = 365, P is pressure in Torr and E is the electric field
in V/cm.
If the sparking potential at a gap distance of 0.1 cm is 4500V

9)The 2nd Townsend coefficient is…….

a)0.1 b)0.2 c)0.3 d)0.4

10) The minimum sparking potential is……

a) 144.2 b)158.6 c)163.6 d) 177.3

11) The product of pressure and distance corresponding to minimum sparking

potential……...
a) 0.33 b)0.43 c)0.54 d)0.7

12-The ionization potential is…….

a) 18.88 b) 20 c) 22.1 d)24.3

PARTIAL DISCHARE

1) PVC is used as an insulator cover in high voltage

a) Ture b) False

2) XLPE is used as an insulator cover in high voltage

a) Ture b) False
3) How to detect partial discharge?
a) by radiation b) by sound c) by pressure of the gas d) all of them

4)In the old method to detect partial discharge, we can control the volt by…….
a) test cell b) Discharge free blocking capacitor c)
partial discharge detector d) testing transformer

5)Volt inception is ………. Volt exception

a) > b) < c) =

6)……. is a portable instrument that can quickly and accurately detect the
existence of partial discharge.
a) ultra tev b) voltmeter c) ammeter d) ohmmeter

7) ………. Is the lowest value, at which at least only one partial discharge.
a) Volt inception b) Volt exception c) none

8) ………. Is the voltage at which repetitive partial discharge cease to occur.

a) Volt inception b) Volt exception c) none