EXPERIMENT-01

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF POWER

TAKE OFF SYSTEM (PTO)
HEAVY VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY– ETA407TE2

NAME: J.JENISTAN NEJUID

REG NO: 2018/ET/064
DATE: 03/08/2023
DATE: 03/08/2023
TITLE: PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF POWER TAKE OFF SYSTEM (PTO)
AIM:
To identify fundamental components of PTO.
To determine functions and purpose of PTO.
INTRODUCTION:
Power take-offs (PTOs) are mechanical gearboxes that attach to apertures provided on truck
transmissions and are used to transfer the power of the vehicle engine to auxiliary components,
most commonly a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic flow generated by the pump is then directed to
cylinders and/or hydraulic motors to perform work – think dump trucks, refuse collection trucks
and wreckers. In some PTO applications such as pneumatic blowers, vacuum pumps and liquid
transfer pumps, the PTO provides power, in the form of a rotating shaft, directly to the driven
component.
THEORY:
Various power transmission methods were available before power take-offs became common, but
there were applications which would benefit more from some of the attributes that PTOs would
provide. Inside the transmission, the exact point along the gear train where the power is taken off
determines whether the PTO can be run independently of vehicle travel (ground speed). Early
PTOs were often taken off the main output shaft, meaning that the vehicle had to be "in gear" in
order to run the PTO. Later this was improved by so-called live PTO (LPTO) designs, which
allow control of the PTO rotation independently of the tractor motion. This is an advantage when
the load driven by the PTO requires the tractor motion to slow or stop running to allow the PTO
driven equipment to catch up. It also allows operations where the tractor remains parked, such as
silo-filling or unloading a manure spreader to a pile or lagoon rather than across a field

APPARATUS:
Tractor

OBSERVATION:
Sketch down the Power flow of PTO
DISCUSSION:
1) With the aid of observation explain the mechanism of PTO.
Power Source:

An engine or other form of power is used to launch the PTO system.

PTO Shaft:

• A revolving PTO shaft protrudes from the engine.

• The purpose of this shaft is to transmit rotational power from the engine to PTO-driven
machinery.

PTO Clutch:

• Without turning off the engine, the operator can engage or disengage the PTO system
using this clutch. The PTO clutch, when engaged, enables power to be transferred from
the engine to the PTO shaft.

• The PTO shaft may occasionally be connected to a gearbox or transmission (optional).

The operator of this gearbox can modify the
 Flow of power

• Torque or rotational power is produced by the engine.

• Power is transferred from the engine to the PTO shaft when the PTO clutch is
engaged.
• The driven equipment receives mechanical power from the rotating PTO shaft.
• The driven machinery uses the PTO's mechanical power to carry out its intended
purpose, such as cutting, pumping, or any other job it was built for.

• The driven equipment ceases receiving power when the PTO clutch is disengaged,
which interrupts the power transfer from the engine to the PTO shaft. Keep in mind
that a PTO system's specific design may vary based on the type of machinery.

2) Discuss the 3 Types of PTO (power take-off)

1. Mechanical
2. Hydraulic
3. electric.

Mechanical PTO:
• Mechanical PTOs are the most traditional and widely utilised type of PTO.
• They make use of a direct mechanical link between the engine and the auxiliary
equipment.
• This is accomplished by using a spinning shaft that extends from the gearbox or
engine and is powered by the engine.
• Agricultural machinery, construction equipment, and industrial vehicles frequently
use mechanical PTOs.

Advantages:

• Simplicity: Mechanical PTOs are straightforward in design and operation.

Reliability:

• They are known for their robustness and ability to handle heavy loads.

Cost-effectiveness:
 • Mechanical PTO systems are generally less expensive to manufacture and maintain.
Disadvantages:
Limited Speed Control:

• Mechanical PTOs may lack precise speed control, which can be a limitation in some
applications.

Noise and Vibration:

• The direct mechanical connection can lead to increased noise and vibration levels.

03. Discuss the application of PTO with each vehicle?

Agricultural Tractor:
commonly used on agricultural tractors to transfer power from the engine to various farm
equipment
• mowers
• balers
• ploughs
The mechanical PTO allows these implements to be powered by the tractor's engine, allowing
operations such as cutting grass, baling hay, and preparing fields for planting to be accomplished.
Dump Truck:
Hydraulic PTOs are often used to operate hydraulic systems that raise and lower the truck bed
for loading and unloading items. The hydraulic PTO drives a pump, which creates hydraulic
pressure to lift the bed, making it easier to dump materials
• Gravel
• Sand
• building debris.
Fire Truck:
Fire vehicles frequently use a combination of mechanical and hydraulic PTOs. Mechanical PTOs
can power firefighting water pumps, whereas hydraulic PTOs can power extendable ladders,
aerial platforms, and other specialised equipment for rescue operations.
Concrete Mixer Truck: Concrete Mixer Trucks use hydraulic PTOs to rotate the mixing drum,
which combines cement, sand, and water to make concrete. The hydraulic system provides
precise control over the mixing process and assures a uniform mixture when transporting
materials to construction sites. Tow
Truck (Wrecker):
PTOs on tow trucks might be mechanical or hydraulic. Mechanical PTOs can power winches that
are used to tow automobiles onto the truck bed, whereas hydraulic PTOs can run the boom and
wheel lift systems, allowing the tow truck to lift and carry vehicles.
Utility Vehicles (e.g., Street Sweeper): Electric PTOs are commonly seen in utility vehicles such
as street sweepers. Brushes and hoover systems used to clean streets and public spaces can be
powered by an electric PTO. Electric PTOs enable fine control over the sweeping action while
producing little noise, making them ideal for use in urban areas.

Commercial Lawn Mower:

Commercial lawn mowers, such as those used on large lawns and in parks, may employ a
mechanical PTO to power the mower blades. The PTO is linked to the engine and powers the
cutting blades, resulting in efficient and even grass cutting.
Drilling Rig: Hydraulic PTOs can be used to power drilling equipment in industries such as
construction and oil exploration. The hydraulic system provides the necessary torque and force
for drilling through the ground or rock strata.