Probability and Statistics Technology [Casio]

Normal Cumulative Distribution Function Pr(𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏)

Interactive → Distribution/Inv. Dist Calc → Inv. Distribution

→ Continuous → normCDf → Inverse Normal CD

Lower: Lower Bound

Upper: Upper Bound
𝜎: sample standard
  ⎯⎯
deviation 𝜎/√ 𝑛
𝜇: mean

Calculating Probabilities using Normal Distributions

𝜎 𝑋−𝜇
𝑋~N 𝜇, ⎯⎯⎯ 𝑍 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯~N(0,1)
  ⎯⎯
𝑛 𝜎 ⁄√ 𝑛
  ⎯⎯
Pr(𝑋 < 𝑎) = normCdf(−∞, 𝑎, 𝜎/√ 𝑛, 𝜇) Pr(𝑍 < 𝑎) = normCdf(−∞, 𝑎, 1,0)
  ⎯⎯ Pr(𝑍 > 𝑎) = normCdf(𝑎, ∞, 1,0)
Pr(𝑋 > 𝑎) = normCdf(𝑎, ∞, 𝜎/√ 𝑛, 𝜇)
  ⎯⎯ Pr(𝑎 < 𝑍 < 𝑏) = normCdf(𝑎, 𝑏, 1,0)
Pr(𝑎 < 𝑋 < 𝑏) = normCdf(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝜎/√ 𝑛, 𝜇)

Inverse Normal Distribution

A reverse process for finding values when given the probability for a normal distribution
𝑥
Probabilities may be given as areas, percentiles (𝑥th percentile = ⎯⎯⎯ ), or quantiles (a decimal).
100

Tail setting: {Left, Right, Center} Interactive → Distribution/Inv. Dist Calc → Inv. Distribution
→ Inverse → InvNormCDf → Inverse Normal CD

Prob: Probability/Area
𝜎: sample standard deviation
  ⎯⎯
𝜎/√ 𝑛
𝜇: mean

Left Right Center

Pr(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 𝑝 Pr(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 𝑝 Pr(𝜇 − 𝑥 < 𝑋 < 𝜇 + 𝑥) = 𝑝
  ⎯⎯   ⎯⎯   ⎯⎯
𝑥 = invNorm("L", 𝑝, 𝜎/√𝑛, 𝜇) 𝑥 = invNorm("R", 𝑝, 𝜎/√ 𝑛, 𝜇) 𝑥 = invNorm("Center", 𝑝, 𝜎/√ 𝑛, 𝜇)

Pr(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 𝑝 Pr(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 𝑝 Pr(−𝑧 < 𝑍 < 𝑧) = 𝑝

𝑥 = invNorm("L", 𝑝, 1,0) 𝑥 = invNorm("R", 𝑝, 1,0) 𝑥 = invNorm("Center", 𝑝, 1,0)
Confidence Intervals
Calc → Interval → One-Prop Z Int
Select: Variable
C-Level:
  ⎯⎯
𝜎: sample standard deviation 𝜎/√ 𝑛
𝑥̅ : sample mean
𝑛: sample size

Results
Lower:
Upper:
𝑥̅ :
𝑛:

Hypothesis Testing
Calc → Test → One-Sample Z-Test
Select: Variable

𝜇 condition: select from drop down

𝜇 : population mean
𝜎: sample standard deviation
𝑥̅ : sample mean
𝑛: sample size