HALAL ECOSYSTEM FIQIH

Akmal Fairuz Azmi

Islamic Economics, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Firsta Vidinina Aura

Islamic Economics, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

ABSTRAK
Halal ecosystem fiqh is an approach in Islamic law that considers ecological, social and economic
balances to ensure production, consumption and human interaction are in line with sharia principles.
This concept combines traditional understanding of fiqh with modern knowledge about the
environment and sustainable economics. By emphasizing justice, sustainability, and mutual welfare,
the fiqh of the halal ecosystem encourages humans to be responsible managers of Allah's creation,
protect the environment, and carry out economic activities with high ethics. Thus, this abstract
summarizes the main principles of halal ecosystem fiqh which includes legal, environmental and
social aspects in the context of holistic human life.
Keywords: Fiqh, Ecosystem, Halal

INTRODUCTION
An ecosystem is a single, complete and comprehensive structure that mutually
influences all elements of the living environment. An ecosystem is a complex relationship
between organisms and their environment. In the social life of society, that is, for living
things are humans, while the environment in the form of religion, culture, place of residence,
family, neighbors and friends influences behavior between humans.
Halal ecosystem Fiqh discusses legal concepts in Islam related to the maintenance and
management of ecosystems to ensure sustainability and halalness. In this context, aspects
such as food, the environment, and human relations with Allah's creation are important
focuses in understanding how Islam teaches protection of nature and the living things in it.

DISCUSSION
Understanding Fiqh of Halal Ecosystem
Halal ecosystem fiqh is a concept in the study of Islamic law relating to the
environment and nature protection. Experts have provided different definitions related to
halal ecosystem fiqh. Here are some definitions from experts:
Prof. Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: Halal ecosystem fiqh is a branch of science related to the
regulation and maintenance of the environment, as well as maintaining natural balance and
sustainability of natural resources, in accordance with Islamic principles, to safeguard the
lives of humans and other creatures.
Dr. Ahmad Azam Abdul Rahman: Halal ecosystem fiqh is about the implementation of halal
law in an environmental context. This involves nature protection, ecosystem sustainability,
and an ethical approach to the use of natural resources.
Prof. Dr. Alawi Sayyid Muhammad al-Najafi: The fiqh of the halal ecosystem includes laws
that apply in the context of preserving and protecting nature, so that nature remains in a
condition of being halal, safe and healthy. It deals with aspects such as pollution, wise use of
natural resources, and maintaining the sustainability of ecosystems.
Dr. Husamuldeen Abd Rahim: Halal ecosystem fiqh is an approach to understanding Islamic
laws related to the relationship between humans and the environment. This involves rules
about natural resource management, wise use, and responsibility for the ecosystem.
These definitions show that the fiqh of the halal ecosystem includes the concept of
maintaining the sustainability of nature, using natural resources wisely, protecting the
environment, and protecting other living things. This is based on Islamic principles involving
ethics, responsibility and justice.
Scope of the Halal Ecosystem
The scope of the halal ecosystem refers to all aspects related to ensuring the halalness of
a product or service, based on sharia principles in the Islamic religion. The halal ecosystem
involves various sectors including food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, tourism,
finance, and others.
1. Halal Certification
One of the main aspects of the halal ecosystem is halal certification. This involves the
process of assigning a halal label to a product or service after conforming to the requirements
set by a legitimate halal authority. This certification can be carried out by government bodies,
independent bodies, or institutions recognized by the relevant authorities.
2. Halal Production
The halal ecosystem also includes production aspects that ensure that all materials,
processes and practices involved in manufacturing a product or providing a service are halal.
This involves the selection of halal raw materials, adequate hygiene and sanitation, and the
use of appropriate production methods.
3. Halal Logistics
Halal logistics involves the transportation, warehousing, and distribution of halal
products. In this ecosystem, careful control and monitoring is needed to ensure that halal
products are not contaminated or mixed with non-halal products.
4. Promotion and Sales
The halal ecosystem also includes the promotion and sale of halal products. This
involves clear labeling with halal certification, use of media and platforms that comply with
sharia values, and a marketing approach that is sensitive to the needs of Muslim consumers.
5. Halal Literature and Education
In the halal ecosystem, there are efforts to provide appropriate literature and education
about halal principles to producers, traders, consumers and the general public.
It aims to increase understanding of halal and the importance of maintaining halal integrity in
daily activities.
6. Infrastructure and Policy
To support the halal ecosystem, adequate infrastructure and policies are needed. These
include clear regulations and laws, responsible institutions and authorities, a strong law
enforcement system, and the availability of halal facilities and services.
7. Public Awareness
Finally, the halal ecosystem also depends on public awareness and participation. Educating
the public about the importance of halal products and services, and encouraging responsible
consumption of halal products and services is necessary to maintain and strengthen this
ecosystem. Overall, the scope of the halal ecosystem involves aspects of production,
certification, logistics, promotion, education, infrastructure and involvement public. All of
this aims to ensure that the products and services consumed by Muslims are in accordance
with the principles of the Islamic religion and meet the established halal standards.
The development of the halal concept from food to the non-food sector has also fueled the
development of the halal industry. The basis of this definition is based on Law 33, article 1,
that products are goods and/services related to:
1. Food
2. Drinks
3. Medication
4. Cosmetics
5. Chemical Products
6. Biological Products
7. Genetically Engineered Products,
As well as useful goods that are worn, used or utilized by the community. The connection
with the halal industry in this article is in accordance with the definition of industry as a
business, process or activity of processing raw materials, whether raw materials or semi-
finished materials, so that they become goods of higher economic value and are beneficial to
society. The KBBI defines industry as activities that process or process materials using
facilities and equipment, for example machines. Meanwhile, halal is permitted (not prohibited
by sharia/shariah).

Source of Law
1. The Quran
There are no verses in the Koran that directly discuss halal ecosystem fiqh specifically.
However, there are several verses that can be linked to the principles and values related to the
halal ecosystem. Here are some relevant verses:
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:
َ‫ض َو َما بَ ْينَهُ َما ٰل ِعبِ ْين‬
َ ْ‫َو َما خَ لَ ْقنَا ال َّس َمٓا َء َوا اْل َ ر‬
wa maa kholaqnas-samaaa-a wal-ardho wa maa bainahumaa laa'ibiin
" And We did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in play."
(QS. Al-Anbiya 21: Ayat 16)
This verse underlines that Allah SWT created the heavens, the earth and everything in it
with deep purpose and wisdom. Therefore, protecting and maintaining ecosystems is
important in Islam.
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

ِ ‫ۙ و ٰلـ ِك َّن اَ ْكثَ َر النَّا‬

‫س اَل‬ َ ِ‫ق هّٰللا ِ  ٰۗ ذل‬
َ  ‫ك ال ِّديْنُ ْالقَيِّ ُم‬ ِ ‫س َعلَ ْيهَا ۗ  اَل تَ ْب ِد ْي َل لِخ َْـل‬
‫ك لل ِّديْن حن ْيفًا ۗ ف ْ هّٰللا‬
َ ‫ط َرتَ ِ الَّتِ ْي فَطَ َر النَّا‬ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ َ َ‫فَا َ قِ ْم َوجْ ه‬
َ‫ يَ ْعلَ ُموْ ن‬
fa aqim waj-haka lid-diini haniifaa, fithrotallohillatii fathoron-naasa 'alaihaa, laa tabdiila
likholqillaah, zaalikad-diinul qoyyimu wa laakinna aksaron-naasi laa ya'lamuun
“So do good deeds, which are in accordance with the nature of Allah who has created
humans according to that nature. There is no change in God's nature. (That is religion) which
is straight, but most people do not know” (QS. Ar-Rum 30: Ayat 30)
This verse emphasizes the importance of living a life according to nature or human
nature and maintaining the natural balance that Allah has created. Halal ecosystem fiqh
involves activities that are in accordance with natural nature and maintain the balance of the
ecosystem.
Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

‫ٰۤيـاَيُّها الَّذ ْينَ ٰامنُوْ ا اَل تَْأ ُكلُ ۤوْ ا اَموا لَـ ُكم ب ْينَ ُكم با ْلبا طل ااَّل ۤ اَ ْن تَ ُكوْ نَ تجا رةً ع َْن تَـرا ض م ْن ُكم ۗ واَل تَ ْقتُلُ ۤـوْ ا اَ ْنــفُس ُكم ۗ ا َّن هّٰللا‬
َ ِ ْ َ َ ْ ِّ ٍ َ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ َ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ
ُ
‫َكا نَ بِك ْم َر ِح ْي ًما‬
yaaa ayyuhallaziina aamanuu laa ta-kuluuu amwaalakum bainakum bil-baathili illaaa
ang takuuna tijaarotan 'ang taroodhim mingkum, wa laa taqtuluuu angfusakum, innalloha
kaana bikum rohiimaa

" Oh you who believe! Do not eat each other's wealth in a vanity (unrighteous) way,
except in trading that applies on the basis of mutual consent between you. And don't kill
yourself. Truly, Allah is Most Merciful to you." (QS. An-Nisa' 4: Ayat 29)
This verse emphasizes the prohibition for Muslims to seek material gain in vanity. In the
context of a halal ecosystem, this can mean a prohibition against destroying the natural
environment or exploiting natural resources unfairly.
In understanding the fiqh of the halal ecosystem, it is important to study and apply
Islamic principles which involve respect for Allah's creation, maintaining the balance of
nature, and being responsible for environmental sustainability. In addition to the verses
above, there are also hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the interpretation of
scholars who can provide a clearer and more detailed understanding of the fiqh of the halal
ecosystem.

2. Hadith
There are several hadiths that can be linked to halal ecosystem fiqh and provide
guidance in protecting the natural environment and ecosystem sustainability. The following
are some examples of relevant hadith:
Hadith about keeping clean:
:‫ “ َعنْ َأ ِبي َمالِكٍ اَأل ْش َع ِريِّ َرضِ َي هَّللا ُ َع ْن ُه َأنَّ َرسُو َل هَّللا ِ صلى هللا علي ه وس لم َق ا َل‬:‫الحديث الشريف الذي ذكرته هو‬
)‫ان»” (رواه مسلم‬ ِ ‫«الطهُو ُر َش ْط ُر اِإلي َم‬
َّ

" From Abu Malik Al-Asha'ri, from Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said,
"Clean is half of faith.” (HR. Muslim)
This hadith emphasizes the importance of maintaining cleanliness both within and
around us. In the context of the halal ecosystem, cleanliness also includes keeping the
environment clean and not polluting nature with waste or hazardous substances.
Another meaning is that cleanliness, both physically and spiritually, has a very important
role in Islam. Physical cleanliness includes maintaining the cleanliness of the body, clothing,
and the surrounding environment. Meanwhile, spiritual cleanliness involves keeping the heart
pure and keeping oneself away from sin and bad behavior.
By maintaining cleanliness, a Muslim can reflect respect and purity towards himself,
other people and the surrounding environment. In addition, cleanliness can also have a
positive impact on physical and mental health.
Being clean is half of faith can be understood as an important message that maintaining
cleanliness is an important aspect of practicing the Islamic religion. Islam encourages its
followers to always maintain cleanliness, both in physical and spiritual actions, to get closer
to Allah SWT and achieve goodness in this world and the afterlife.
Hadith about not destroying the environment:
)‫ "ِإنَّ هَّللا َ َحرَّ َم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم ِإ ْذ َن ِبهِ" (رواه البخاري‬:‫الحديث الذي طلبته هو‬.
“Allah forbids you from doing damage on the face of the earth.” (HR. Al-Bukhari)
This hadith emphasizes the prohibition on Muslims from destroying nature or the
surrounding environment. Disposing of garbage carelessly, destroying forests or natural
ecosystems, and misusing natural resources are considered acts that are contrary to Islamic
teachings.
Islam emphasizes the importance of preserving and protecting nature. As Muslims, we
are given the responsibility by Allah SWT to be the caretakers and guardians of the earth and
all the creatures in it. This is in line with the concept of a caliph or God's heir on earth.
Therefore, we must act responsibly and maintain environmental cleanliness, sustainability
and balance.
Taking care of the earth is not only an obligation, but also a form of worship to Allah
SWT. Islam teaches that humans are part of the wider universe, and taking care of the earth is
one way to show gratitude, respect, and mutual love for Allah's creation.
It contains the aspiration to live in harmony with nature and not to misuse or over-
exploit natural resources. Islam encourages sustainable practices, such as wise use of
resources, water conservation, greenery, good waste management and maintenance of
biodiversity.

By obeying the message in this hadith, Muslims are expected to avoid actions that
damage the environment such as air pollution, water pollution, illegal deforestation, use of
dangerous chemicals, and so on. Instead, we must try to maintain and preserve natural beauty,
maintain air and water quality, and participate in efforts to restore and develop the
environment.
In conclusion, this hadith reminds Muslims of their responsibilities as Allah's khalifah
on earth. Protecting and protecting nature is part of our faith and noble actions, and is a real
manifestation of our love for Allah SWT and His creation.
Hadith about protecting nature:
‫اع َأنْ اَل َيقُ و َم َح َّتى َي ْغ ِر َس َها‬ ْ ‫ َفِإ ِن‬،‫ت السَّا َع ُة َوفِي َي ِد َأ َح ِد ُك ْم َفسِ يلَ ٌة‬
َ ‫اس َت َط‬ ِ ‫ "ِإ َّن ُه ِإنْ َقا َم‬:‫الحديث الشريف الذي تطلبه هو‬
)‫ َف ْل َي ْغ ِرسْ َها" (رواه أحمد‬.
“If the Day of Judgment comes in the hands of one of you, then he plants a tree, then let
him plant it (even though the Day of Judgment has come)." (HR. Ahmad)
This hadith teaches the importance of protecting nature and making a positive
contribution to its sustainability. Planting trees is an example of useful action to maintain the
halal ecosystem and improve environmental quality.
In this hadith, Rasulullah Muhammad SAW conveys an important message about the
importance of continuing to do good and doing good even if the doomsday is near or will
happen soon. In this hadith, Prophet Muhammad SAW says that if the end of the world is
about to come and someone still has merchandise or other activities in his hands, then he
must still do good by planting trees. The core message of this hadith is that as long as there is
still opportunity, it is very important to continue to do good, be productive, and provide
benefits to the environment. Even though the Day of Judgment is considered a big event and
has a big impact on all humans, this hadith teaches us to keep trying to do it. kindness and
care for the environment.
Planting trees as an example of goodness in this hadith shows the importance of
involving oneself in actions that can provide benefits both immediately and in the long term.
Apart from that, this hadith also teaches how important it is to pay attention to the
environment and nature. Planting trees is an action that contributes to environmental
preservation, providing oxygen, restoring soil, and maintaining natural beauty. This hadith
promotes real action in protecting the earth and reminds us to be part of the solution in
overcoming climate change and environmental damage. In a spiritual context, this hadith also
teaches that as long as we live in this world, we must continue to try to do good, contribute to
goodness. public, and provide benefits in accordance with the capacity and opportunities that
we have. Ultimately, the message in this hadith is about the importance of doing good, caring
for the environment, and not giving up in whatever situation one faces.
Hadith about loving animals:
ِ ْ‫ ارْ َحمُوا َمنْ فِي اَأْلر‬،‫ُون‬
"‫ض َيرْ َحمْ ُك ْم َمنْ فِي ال َّس َما ِء‬ َ ‫ "ِإنَّ هَّللا َ َيرْ َح ُم ِإ ْذ َر ِح َم الرَّ ا ِحم‬:‫الحديث الشريف الذي تطلبه هو‬
)‫(رواه أبو داود‬.
“Scolding or torturing animals is an act of disservice to God.” (HR. Abu Dawud)
This hadith underlines the importance of loving and treating animals well. In the context of a
halal ecosystem, these animals must be treated fairly and not abused or abused.
The core message of this hadith is to teach us to treat animals well and not to harm them.
Islam teaches that animals, like other creatures, are creations of Allah SWT who deserve
protection, care and affection. Rasulullah Muhammad SAW taught the need to have empathy
for living creatures, including animals, and show compassion towards them.
Swearing animals or torturing them violates Islamic values which encourage us to love and
cherish Allah's creation. Allah SWT is Most Gracious and Merciful, and we as His servants
are also commanded to show these qualities to other creatures. In this hadith, the Prophet
reminds us that treating animals cruelly or degrading them is an act that is contrary to
spiritual and moral virtue.
In a practical context, the message in this hadith encourages us to treat animals properly and
responsibly. Islam teaches ethics in keeping and interacting with animals. We are commanded
to feed them well, provide a comfortable place, and not torture them either physically or
psychologically. Islam also prohibits inhumane practices towards animals, such as torturing
them, gagging their food or drink, and burdening them beyond their limits.
In conclusion, this hadith reminds us not only to love and care for fellow humans, but also to
love and care for Allah SWT's creation as a whole, including animals. Kind and
compassionate treatment of animals is an important part of spiritual and moral upliftment in
Islam. By reflecting on the message in this hadith, we are expected to maintain justice in the
treatment of animals and make compassion a principle in interacting with other creatures.
In halal ecosystem fiqh, these hadiths serve as guidelines for protecting the environment,
caring for nature, and being responsible for the sustainability and balance of the ecosystem. It
is important to apply the values contained in these hadiths in everyday life and contribute
positively to protecting nature.
Halal Ecosystem Components
The components of the halal ecosystem include producers, consumers, government, and halal
certification regulations.
1. Manufacturer
 Manufacturers are the parties responsible for producing halal products. They must
understand the halal principles and requirements set out in the Islamic religion.
Manufacturers must be careful in selecting the raw materials used in production, ensuring that
they are halal, do not contain haram or unclean ingredients, and are processed in a manner
that complies with halal standards.
Manufacturers must also maintain cleanliness and sanitation in production areas to
prevent contamination with non-halal ingredients. They must control the production process,
follow halal principles, and ensure their products are free from cross-contamination. Apart
from that, producers must also have a clear and informative labeling system, as well as
provide transparent information about the halalness of the product to consumers.
2. Consumers
Consumers play an important role in the halal ecosystem due to the ownership and use
of halal products. To be adequate, consumers must have adequate knowledge about what
halal is and how to identify halal products. This involves reading and understanding halal
labels, brands, and certificates.
Consumers also have a responsibility to choose and consume products that meet halal
needs. They must be active in seeking information about halal products and providing
feedback to manufacturers about the products they purchase. Consumers who are halal
conscious can also participate in halal certification programs issued by the government or
related certification bodies.
3. Government and Halal Certification Regulations:
The government has a responsibility to protect consumers' needs and trust in halal
products. For this reason, they issue regulations and regulations governing the production,
distribution and consumption of halal products. The government collaborates with halal
certification institutions or bodies which are tasked with checking and assessing the halalness
of products.
This halal certification body conducts audits on manufacturers and investigates the
entire supply chain to ensure that the products issued are halal. They issue a halal certificate
which shows that the product meets the halal standards set by the government. This halal
certificate gives consumers confidence that the product is safe and meets their halal needs.
The government also has the responsibility to supervise halal certification bodies so that
they do their work well and comply with established procedures. In several countries, the
government is involved in promoting and disseminating information about halal products to
the public through education and outreach campaigns.
In the halal ecosystem, collaboration between producers, consumers and the government
is very important. Producers must comply with halal requirements in production, while
consumers must be active in choosing halal products and providing feedback to producers.
The government acts as a regulator and plays a role in developing regulations and ensuring
producers' compliance with halal requirements. Through this collaboration, the halal
ecosystem can be well maintained and ensure the availability of quality halal products on the
market.
The Urgency of Halal Ecosystem Fiqh
The urgency of the Halal Ecosystem Fiqh lies in the protection and maintenance of the
natural environment in accordance with Islamic principles. Halal Ecosystem Fiqh aims to
ensure that the environment we live in and the natural resources within it are treated well and
preserved.
Here are some of the urgency of the Fiqh of the Halal Ecosystem:
1. Obligations as Khalifah
In the view of Islam, humans are considered as caliphs of Allah on this earth. As caliphs,
we have the responsibility to care for and protect God's creation, including natural
ecosystems. The Halal Ecosystem Fiqh provides clear guidelines and guidance on how we
must carry out this responsibility.
2. Prevent Environmental Damage
The Halal Ecosystem Fiqh teaches the importance of preventing environmental damage
and minimizing waste and pollution. For example, regulating rules regarding industrial waste
and pollution management, paying attention to forest preservation, protecting clean waters,
and so on.
3. Ecosystem Balance
Halal Ecosystem Fiqh promotes balance in natural ecosystems. For example, providing
guidance on protecting natural resources such as forests, rivers and seas, as well as avoiding
over-exploitation which could disrupt the balance of animal and plant populations.
4. Animal Welfare
Halal Ecosystem Fiqh also has an urgency in providing protection and welfare to
animals. For example, regulating ethics in the maintenance and management of livestock,
religiously permitted slaughter of animals, as well as maintaining the health and welfare of
animals by ensuring they are treated well.

Examples of the implementation of the Halal Ecosystem Fiqh are:

1. Forest Management
Halal Ecosystem Fiqh encourages sustainable forest maintenance efforts, such as
implementing a fair and environmentally friendly forest management system and prohibiting
destructive illegal logging.
2. Industrial Waste Disposal
 Fiqh of the Halal Ecosystem emphasizes the importance of managing industrial waste in
a way that does not damage the environment. This includes the use of environmentally
friendly technologies, safe waste treatment and pollution prevention efforts.
3. Organic Farming
Halal Ecosystem Fiqh supports organic farming practices that avoid excessive use of
pesticides and chemical fertilizers that can pollute the natural environment, as well as
implementing sustainable land and water management methods.
4. Utilization of Renewable Energy
Halal Ecosystem Fiqh encourages the development and use of renewable energy, such as
solar, wind and biomass power, which is environmentally friendly and sustainable.
All of these are examples of the implementation of the Halal Ecosystem Fiqh which
aims to preserve nature and the environment in accordance with Islamic principles.
CONCLUSION
Halal ecosystem fiqh is the legal foundation that guides us in maintaining balance and
sustainability of ecosystems, and ensures that our interactions with the natural surroundings
and other living things are in accordance with halal and good principles. By adhering to these
principles, we can maintain harmony between the environment, humans and God's creation as
a whole.
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Sukoso. (2020). Halal industry ecosystem. Jakarta: Department of Sharia Economics and
Finance, Bank Indonesia.