Republic of the Philipines

SORSOGON STATE COLLEGE

Sorsoogon City Campus
Sorsogon City
st
1 Sem. A.Y. 2018-2019

Topic #1: Safety Education at Home and in Environment

Discussant: Jhonel L. Delos Angeles
Subject: MAPEH 119 (Safety Education and First Aid)

SAFETY EDUCATION
- is the means and process of taking precautions to avoid the accident.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Promoting safety awareness (consciousness of safety problems)
2. Preventing accidents
3. Preparing for emergencies

FIRST AID
- An emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person before regular medical aid can be
obtained. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
We cannot predict that accident and injuries can occur anywhere anytime. In case an accident happens
in front of you, we should not stand and stare nervously at a victim. Instead of that, we need to help
them by providing first aid.
- The first aider must know whether a person is dead or alive. If a victim is alive and you don't have a
proper knowledge, then contact a doctor and obtain instructions of first aid to reduce the injury,
stopping of bleeding, treatment of the shock, clean the wound. You should be careful while providing
first aid because you are saving the life of a victim. So, first aid is very necessary for a victim.

Some objectives of first aid are mention below:

 The main objective of first aid is to save the life of a victim.
 It helps to control the bleeding.
 It helps to treat minor injuries like cuts, bites, burns, wound etc.
 It also helps to reduce the pain and further treatment becomes easy.
 It aims to take victims to the hospital in time.
 It helps to provide the fact of victims to the medical person.
 It helps to control the crowd or noise of other people around the patient.

ACCIDENT
- A sudden event that is not planned or intended, and that causes damage or injury. (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary)
According to National Safety Council (NSC), Accident:
 is the leading cause of death among people under 44 years of age.
 rank fourth among all causes of death, following heart disease, cancer & stroke.
National Safety Council- is a non-profit organization founded in 1913 that spearheaded the safety
movement in the U.S.

FOUR GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF ACCIDENTS (NSC):

1. Motor Vehicles- account for 50% of all fatal accidents & 20% of all disabling injuries.
2. Home- account for 20% of all fatal accidents & 36 % of all disabling injuries.
3. Public- account for 18% of all fatal accidents & 27% of all disabling injuries.
4. Work- account for 12% of all fatal accidents & 20% of all disabling injuries.

AUTOMOBILE SAFETY
Causes of Car Accidents:
A. Driver
  Drunk: nearly half of all fatal automobile accidents involve a driver or a pedestrian who
has been drinking. More than 8 000 young people are killed annually due to drinking
while driving.
 Drugs: all drugs that alter the mind are also hazardous when taken by driver. Examples
are Barbiturates and Marijuana. Barbiturates distorts vision and slow down reaction
time ( since it is used to calm people and make them sleep) while Marijuana distorts
perception of time & space and impairs judgment.
 Physical condition: general illness, going to sleep at the wheel, poor eyesight and
defective hearing can all cause accidents.
 Speed Limit: in about ½ of all fatal automobile accidents, a driver was exceeding the
speed limit of 55 miles per hour.
Tips:
 On long trips, it is best to travel with someone who can share the driving.
 Stopping frequently for ten-minute breaks will also help relieve boredom and maintain
mental alertness.
 Driving experts suggest that every 5-7 seconds drivers should glance into the inside and
outside rear-view mirrors to see what is going on around them.
 The faster a car travels, the greater the distance needed to stop.
 Stopping Distances: 20 miles/hour of reaction distance= 43 ft. of braking distance, 30
mi/h=80 ft., 40 mi/h=128 ft., 50mi/h=186 ft., 60 mi/h=254 ft.
B. Car Malfunctioning- brake, engine, signal light, etc.
C. Road & Weather Conditions- all drivers must make allowances for changes in weather
conditionsby driving slowly and watching the road more carefully. Slippery surfaces require
greater stopping distances.

PREVENTING AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS: THE EXPERT DRIVER RULES

1. Obey all speed limits all the time.

2. Signal when changing directions.
3. Come to a full stop whenever a sign indicates that you should do so.
4. Think ahead and get in the proper lane.
5. Don’t drink or take drugs when driving.
6. Stay in line with other cars; don’t weave in and out.
7. Watch for pedestrians; children are especially liable to dart from between parked cars.
8. Don’t compete with other motorist, the street isn’t a race track.
9. Reduce speed at night.
10. Keep your car in top condition. Don’t just polish the outside. Make sure the inside is in safe
working order.
11. Keep your distance and don’t tailgate. A short stop can mean a dead stop.
12. Watch for all traffic signs.

PROTECTIVE DEVICES:
A. Seat belts- it is estimated that if everyone buckled up, 16,000 lives would be saved annually.
Safety belts help prevent passengers from being thrown through the windshield or against the
dashboard.
B. Car restraints for Children- many people think that it is safe to hold a child on their laps. But a
crash or a sudden stop makes it impossible to hold on to a child. Children can be thrown about
like flying objects. When a car moving 30 miles/hour crashes, unrestrained children hit the
dashboard with a force equal to that of falling from a three-story building.

MOTORCYCLE SAFETY
- Riding a motorcycle requires more skill than driving a car. It is more hazardous because the rider
is more exposed.
- Good protection usually includes:
 Safety helmet
 Eye protector
 Gloves and footwear
SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR THE HOME
A. Stairs & Steps
 Stairs should be well-lighted, equipped w/ hand rails, free of all objects (toys, books,
clothing)
 Bar steps w/ a gate on top if small children are in the house.
 Small rugs should be kept away from the foot and head of stairs.
 Treads and carpeting should be kept in good repair.
B. The kitchen
 All electrical appliances should be in good working order and in good repair.
 The kitchen should be well-lighted.
 All household cleaners and insecticides should be kept separately from the food and out of
reach of small children.
 Store matches in a closed metal container and away from heat.
 Make sure that handles of pots and pans are turned away from the edge of the stove.
 Cooking should not be done in flammable clothing.
 Take special care when frying or cooking with oil or grease.
C. The Bathroom
 There should be a handrail above the tub that you can reach to prevent falling.
 There should be a nonslip mat or a nonslip surface in the bathtub or shower stall.
 All medicine should be kept in the medicine cabinet properly labelled and out of reach of
children.
 The area should be well-lighted.
 Keep electrical fixtures away from the bathtub so that they cannot be touched.
D. The Basement
 All flammable items( paint rags, paint thinners, gasoline) should be stored safely in closed
containers and preferably away from the living area. Keep them tightly closed and away
from any source of fire or heat.
 Do not use electrical power tools while standing on a wet surface.
 Dangerous mementos are often stored away and forgotten. Guns, rifles and swords are
brought back by soldiers returning home and simply put away and forgotten until a curious
child rediscovers them.
E. Living & Sleeping Quarters
 Highly polished floors may look attractive and be easy to clean, but they are slippery too.
 Furniture should be kept away from walking spaces in rooms.
 There should be a light switch near the bed.
 Radio and television receivers should be disconnected during storms or when you are away
for a long time.

Causes of home accidents that result in death:

 Falls, fires and burns, poisoning, suffocation, firearms, drowning, explosion, and electrocution
(death by a charged of electricity).

FIRE PREVENTION
-to help prevent fires in the home, keep electrical wiring inspected and repaired. Every smoker should
make sure that a cigarette, cigar or pipe is completely extinguished before retiring. No one should ever
toss a burning match or cigarette from the window of a moving vehicle.

BASIC RULES FOR REDUCING RISKS IN CASE OF FIRE

 A fire extinguisher in good working order should be available.
 If in a burning building, never open the door until you feel the doorknob to make sure if it is not
hot.
 If it is hot, leave it closed. Find another way to escape, if possible. If you must stay in the room,
plug the open airway under the door to prevent smoke from entering.
 Even though the door is not warm, use extreme care in opening it.
 If you plan to leave the room, close the door behind you. This helps stop the fire from spreading.
Use stair exits, never elevators.
 If you must exit through a smoke-filled hallway, remember that the freshest air is close to the
door. Hold a blanket or something else over your mouth to decrease smoke inhalation.
  If clothing ignites, roll over on the floor.
 Never sleep in a hotel or motel until you have checked the location of the fire escape and know
how to get out if the fire occurs.
 Avoid panic and keep calm. Don’t waste time trying to save personal belongings.
 Never take chances unless a life is involved. Do not jump from an upper-story window except as
a last resort.

Reference:
Causes of accidents, p.545-551