8 Safety and Hygiene

Expected Learning Outcomes

Knowledge to be gained : • Safety rules at home, school and on the road • First aid
• Hygiene
Skill to be developed : • Ways to keep oneself safe within and outside our home and
ways to keep our body clean.
A tude to be inculcated : • We should always be careful and follow safety rules.

Our body is a wonderful machine. It can do a lot of things like reading, walking,
running and eating. To keep our body in good working condition, we should take care
of ourselves by keeping safe from illness and injury. We may get hurt or injured if we
are not careful at all times.
We can avoid getting injured by following some simple do's and dont's, which keep us
safe. ese guidelines are called safety rules. We should follow the safety rules
everywhere we are— at home, at school, on the road and even on the playground.

SAFETY ON THE ROAD

You should always follow these safety rules on the road to avoid getting injured:
Ÿ Keep your eyes and ears open while on the road.
Ÿ Always follow the traffic rules.
Ÿ We must cross the road only when pedestrian
traffic light is green.
Ÿ While crossing the road, rst look towards your
right, then left, and then right again. Only then
cross the road.
Ÿ Always use the zebra crossings to cross the
roads.
Ÿ Whenever possible, use subways or footbridges
to cross busy roads.
Ÿ Never play on the road.
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 Do Taking selfies near railway tracks, riversides, mountain tops, etc., has
You ? become a major cause of accidents these days. You must avoid
indulging in such ac vi es and also advise others not to do so.
Know

SAFETY AT A BUS STOP

Ÿ Always stand in a queue at the bus stop
while waiting for the bus.
Ÿ Always keep quiet in the bus.
Ÿ Do not lean out or put your hand out of
the window of a moving bus.
Ÿ Do not travel on the footboard of a bus.
Ÿ Do not get in or get out of a moving bus.
Ÿ Do not disturb the bus-driver or talk to
him.

SAFETY AT HOME
Ÿ Never play with re and electricity.
Ÿ In the kitchen, be careful of the stove, the hot utensils and the electrical
equipments.
Ÿ Do not light matchsticks for fun. You should use them with the help of your elders.
Ÿ Never wear synthetic clothes in the kitchen. Such clothes can catch re very easily.
Ÿ ere are many things at home, such as switches, plugs and electrical appliances.
You should not touch them with wet hands or bare feet. You could get electric
shock.
Ÿ Don’t insert your nger in a plug point. Never touch an electric wire, if it is
damaged. You could get electric shock.
Ÿ Don’t use blades, razors, knives or any other sharp objects yourself. Instead take
help of your elders.
Ÿ Don’t take medicines without an elder's or doctor's advice.

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 CHECK YOURSELF
Tick ( ) the correct option:
1. We must cross the road only when the pedestrian traffic light is:
(a) yellow (b) red (c) green
2. Do not take _____________ without a doctor's advice.
(a) food (b) medicine (c) water
3. We should not play with:
(a) knives (b) toys (c) bat and ball

SAFETY IN THE SCHOOL AND CLASSROOM

Ÿ Do not run up and down the staircase and
around the class. You may slip and get hurt.
Ÿ Don’t jump on the benches or on the desks.
Ÿ Do not throw paper planes, pieces of chalk or
any other thing at other students of the class.
Ÿ Do not rock the chair or climb onto desks.
Ÿ Use a sharpener to sharpen your pencil and not
a blade. You may cut your ngers.
Ÿ Walk in a line and stand in a queue wherever necessary.

SAFETY ON THE PLAYGROUND

Ÿ Follow the game’s rules when you are playing a game.
Ÿ Carefully follow the instructions of your sports teacher.
Ÿ Wait for your turn at the swings, see-saw, etc.
Ÿ Do not push any other child while playing.
Ÿ Do not ght while playing.
Ÿ Do not y kites from the terraces as you may fall down and get hurt.

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CHECK YOURSELF
Write 'True' or 'False':
1. We should always play on the road. _______________
2. Always lean out of the window of a moving bus. _______________
3. Never touch electrical items with wet hands. _______________
4. Use a sharpener to sharpen a pencil. _______________
FIRST AID
Even if we follow safety rules, sometimes
accidents do take place. In such situations,
immediate help and care should be given to the
injured person.
After an accident, the rst help that an injured
person gets is called rst aid. If one of your
friends gets hurt, you need to give rst aid
before an adult can reach you. First aid gives
temporary relief to the injured person. It can
save a person’s life. It prevents serious injury
First aid box and helps in recovery.
A box that contains things needed to give rst aid is known as a rst aid box. It
should contain Band-aid, bandage, scissors, antiseptic cream/ lotion, cotton, etc.

General Rules Of First Aid

Ÿ Don’t waste time. Act quickly.
Ÿ Keep calm. Do not crowd around the injured person.
Ÿ Call a doctor or an adult.
Ÿ Do not let the wound bleed. Loss of blood is harmful.
Ÿ Clean the wound with an antiseptic lotion. Tying a bandage
prevents blood loss
Ÿ Tie a bandage or a clean handkerchief over the wound.
Ÿ Make the injured person sit or lie down. Keep the wounded part of the body raised.
Ÿ If a person is badly injured, try to take him/her from that place to a safer place, with
the help of other people.

HYGIENE
Personal hygiene is very important. With a clean body, clean hair, clean clothes and
shoes, you will feel good and your friends will be happy to be near you.
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 You need to follow good habits of hygiene. Here
are some tips:
1. Brush your teeth twice a day, before breakfast
and before you go to bed at night. During the
day, rinse your mouth after each meal. is will
prevent bad breath and cavities.
2. Take a bath every day. You have sweat glands in
your scalp too. e oil, sweat and dead cells can
make hair greasy and look dirty. So, wash your
hair regularly with shampoo.
3. Shoes and socks give out a foul smell because of
sweat. Keep your shoes in an open and airy area
and wear clean socks. If you have one pair of
shoes for school, take them off as soon as you
come home so that they are aired and dried out.
Keep your shoes clean by brushing, polishing
or washing them.
4. Wash your hands after you use the toilet. Wash
your feet well at least once a day. Dry them
carefully, especially between the toes. Also,
wash your hands before and after each meal.
5. Clothes get dirty with sweat and dirt. Change
your clothes frequently. Wear clean underwear.
Wear a fresh set of uniform to school every day.
If you have to wear a school uniform the next
day too, take it off as soon as you come home
and hang it up to air it.

CHECK YOURSELF
Tick ( ) the correct option:
1. Safety rules should be followed:
(a) everywhere (b) only in school (c) only on road
2. The first help given to an injured person is called:
(a) operation (b) surgery (c) first aid
3. Which of the following is not a part of the first aid box?
(a) Bandage (b) Antiseptic lotion (c) Eraser
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 Zebra crossing : Crossing on the road marked with black and white lines
Appliances : Devices designed to perform a specific func on
First aid : Immediate help given to an injured person

v We can avoid getting injured by following some simple safety rules.

v Always use the zebra crossing to cross the roads.
v Never play on the road.
v Do not get in or get out of a moving bus.
v Do not touch electrical gadgets with wet hands or bare feet.
v Don't use blades, razors or any other sharp objects.
v Do not rock the chair or climb onto desks.
v Do not fight while playing.
v First-aid provides temporary relief to an injured person.
v Personal hygiene is very important.

Exercise
A. Name the following:
1. ese are meant for you to walk on. _______________
2. is colour of the light asks you to stop. _______________
3. A sharp instrument that must be used very carefully. _______________
4. e rst help that an injured person needs to be given. _______________

B. True or False:
1. Be careful while crossing the road. _________
2. It is safe to touch a pan put on re. _________
3. A bleeding wound should be treated immediately. _________
4. Don’t crowd around a wounded person. _________

C. Tick ( ) the rules of safety that you should follow:

1. Holding your parent’s hands on the road.
2. Obeying traffic lights.
3. Playing with matchsticks.
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 4. Crossing the road at the zebra crossing.
5. Getting in or out of a moving bus.
6. Walking on the footpath.
7. Standing in front of a swing.

D. Answer the following questions in brief:

1. Talk about two safety rules that you followed today while coming to school.
2. Why should we not play on the road?
3. List any four items that should be there in a rst-aid box.

D. Answer the following questions in detail:

1. What will you do before crossing a busy road?
2. What are the safety rules that should be followed in the classroom?
3. How can you avoid accidents in the playground?
4. List any ve things in your home that can cause accidents, if not handled
properly.
5. What is rst aid? In what way is it useful to an injured person?
6. List ve good habits of hygiene that you follow.

Activity Time

A. Make a rst aid box.

Take an empty shoe box.
Cover it with white paper. ANTIBIOTIC
LOTION

Paint a red cross on it. Keep ANTISEPTIC

WIPES

the following things inside:

ster ile cotton, band-aid, CREPE
MASK

THERMOMETER
BANDAGE FIRST AID BOX
bandage, an ointment for BAND-AID
TORCH

burns, a pair of scissors, ANTIBIOTICS

ANTISEPTIC

STICKY TAPE
baking soda, an antiseptic
cream, ammonia water and GLOVES
COTTON
PAD
INSTANT
tincture iodine. Your rst aid COLD PACK

SCISSORS

box is ready.

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B. Along with your friends, nd out:
• Why should we not burst crackers?
• Who is a jaywalker?

Let Us Visit
Ask your parents or any other elder to take you to a place where there is a lot of
traffic movement, such as a busy crossroad in your town or city. Find a safe place
and see if people are following traffic rules or not. For example, walking on the
footpath, stopping when the traffic light is red, crossing roads at a zebra crossing,
etc. Note down your observations and present them in your class.

Be a Young
Researcher
We should always keep to the left while walking on a road. In our country, vehicles
have to keep left on the road. Worldwide Which side of The Road
there are more than 70 countries that DO You Drive On?
drive on the left. Countries that follow le and right hand traffic in 2023
However, there are other countries which
drive on the right. Surf the internet and
gather more information about it. Prepare
a list of major countries of the world that
drives on the left and those that drive on
the right side of the road. Share your
ndings with your classmates.

Subject Link : Art and Craft

Prepare a model of a traffic light. Take a shoe box and wrap it properly
with white paper. Make three circles one below the other at one side of
the box and colour them red, orange and green respectively. Colour the
rest of the box black. en take about one metre long black-coloured
plastic pipe and x it below the rectangular box. Your traffic light is ready!

FOOTNOTE
® Explain to children why it is necessary to follow safety rules. Examples from daily life other than those given in the text
could be discussed to drive home the point. Group activities could be organized to teach traffic safety. Children could
be taken to a road crossing in groups of four or five to help them better understand the traffic signs and signals.
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