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Columnar Lesson Plan in Discipine and Ideas in Social Sciences (SS)

Week 1 – September 6-9, 2023

SUBJECT OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES EVALUATION/ REMARKS

MATTER ASSESSMENT
Topic: 12-GA Hemingway - MW 10:30-12:30
The Emergence 11-HUMMS Aristotle - TTh 10:30-12:30
of the Social 11-HUMMS Sartre - TTh 1:10-3:10
Sciences and 11-HUMMS Socrates - TTh 4:10-5:10
the different
Disciplines
Day 1
Reference: Introduction of the course
Jison, J. R.,
Ponsaran, J. Day 2 and Day 3
(2018). Motivation: Recitation
Discipline and WALANG NAKAKAMOTIVATE!!!!
Ideas in Social
Sciences: C &
E Publishing,
Inc.

https://
www.studocu.c
om/ph/
document/
mabini-
national-high-
school/social-
studies/diss-
mod3-
historical-
context-of-the-
emergence-of- Vocabulary Development:
social-science- Social Science
disciplines/ Age of Enlightenment
27741770 Anthropology
Demography
Economics
file:///C:/ Geography
Users/ History
DLSUD/ Linguistics
Downloads/ Political Science
483697650- Psychology
DISS-Q1- Sociology
Mod4-
Emergence-of-
Social-Science-
Diciplines-4-
pdf.pdf

Instructional
Materials:
PowerPoint
Presentation Lesson Proper:
Laptop
The emergence of Social Science traces its root from
the Age of Enlightenment (17th- 19th century). The
Age of Enlightenment, also known as the “Age of
Reason”, is a period in Western history when
philosophers especially in Britain and France, tried to
use reason to understand and improve society,
government, and humanity (Perry, 1989, p. 407). This
period stimulated interest in studying human society and
 Explain the behavior in a scientific way. The need to examine
major events
society, politics, history, and economic life paved the
that led to
the way for the birth of social sciences.
emergence of
Social
Science The term “Social Science” only appeared until the 19th
disciplines.
to mid-20th century. It was coined by William
Thompson in his book “An Inquiry into the Principles
of Wealth Most Conducive to Human Happiness
(1824)”. Since then, the term social science has been
used to refer generally to all fields of study that analyze
society and culture.
Before proceeding to our subject matter, it is necessary
for our discussion to define, in addition to social
sciences, the humanities and the natural sciences. We
shall also delineate their disciplinary boundaries.

Humanities – refers to fields of study that deal with

how human beings process and document human
experience. Whereas, natural sciences, according to
Ledoux (2002), are disciplines that focus only on
studying natural events using scientific methods. The
origins of the natural sciences can be traced back to the
Renaissance in Europe when most intellectuals started
using systematic methods of investigation.

EMERGENCE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCE

DISCIPLINES
1. Anthropology (Study of humanity)
 The emergence of anthropology as a
discipline can be traced on the Ancient
Greece during the time of Herodotus.
 When Herodotus recorded important
events in the Greek- Persian Wars, he
took to account the cultural background
of Greece and Persia.
  The study of anthropology was advanced
by Franz Boas (1858-1942), known as
the "Father of Modern Anthropology".
 Boas introduced the concept of cultural
relativism which is a point of view that
sees all cultures to be equal with each
other. There is no such thing as superior
or inferior culture.
 He is also one of the pioneers who fought
discrimination against immigrants,
blacks, and indigenous peoples of
America.
 Boas believed that through anthropology,
people would have a wider understanding
of human interaction by studying its
culture. His social reforms and theories
were adopted by anthropologists today.

2. Demography (study of human population)

 The study of human population has its
roots as early as the ancient period.
Kautilya, a contemporary of Plato,
believed that a large population is a
source of military, political and economic
strength of a nation.
 This was also supported by Ibn Khaldin,
a 14th century Arab historian, who
believed that a large population is
important for expansion of imperial
power. However, this thinking was also
reversed when an increase in population
growth is seen as a threat in developing
 countries.
 Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) an
economist and writer of An Essay on the
Principle of Population (1798) declared
that population increases at a faster rate
than the food supply. As a result,
humanity is never far from starvation
(Perry, 1989, p. 531).
 John Graunt (1623-1687) is regarded as
the founder of demography. His book
Natural and Political Observations Made
Upon the Bills of Mortality (1662) laid
the foundation for modern statistics and
demography.

3. Economics (study of efficient allocation of

scarce resources)
 The period of Enlightenment has inspired
the birth of Economics (dela Cruz et al.,
2016, p. 26). Adam Smith (1723-1790),
regarded as the Father of Economics, is
credited for creating the field of
Economics.
 His book entitled An Inquiry to Nature
and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
(1776) lays the foundations for economic
theories and doctrine. Smith advocated
the doctine of laissez faire (let alone
policy) which means that government
should not interfere with business. This
paved the way for the creation of a free-
market economy.
  The Industrial Revolution (1760-1840), a
period in history characterized by rapid
industrialization and urbanization
brought about by the advances in
technology, saw the development of new
economic theories. 19th century thinkers
spent a great deal in offering solutions to
the impact of industrialization.
 David Ricardo (1772-1823) applied the
principles of laissez faire to wages to
maximize profit while Karl Marx (1818-
1883) advocated socialism to protect the
rights of the laborers from the abuses of
the capitalists. Ricardo and Marx were
two of the pioneers who developed
economic theories as a response to the
impact of industrialization.

4. Geography (study of the interaction between

the natural environment and the people living
in it)
 It was during the Hellenistic Age (323
BC-30 BC), a period when Greek
cultural influence and power reached the
peak of its geographical expansion, that
the science of geography emerged.
 Eratosthenes (276-194 BC), chief
librarian of the Alexandria Library,
pioneered the study of geography. He is
the first person to use the term
"geography" and is also regarded as the
"Father of Geography". He is also best
 known for being the first person to
calculate the circumference of the earth.
He also created the first global projection
of the world using parallels and
meridians based on the available
geographic knowledge during his time.
 He also wrote the three-book volume
Geographika, a compilation of his study
on the nature of the surface of the earth
focusing on the inhabited portions and
the people living in it). His book became
the inspiration for the consequent works
and studies of other geographers.
5. History (study of important recorded events)
 Herodotus (484-425 BC) is considered as
the "Father of History". He is credited as
the first historian to employ historical
methods in writing history. His vivid
account of the Greek-Persian Wars set a
new standard then for reporting.
 Thucydides (460-400 BC) improved the
writing techniques of Herodotus and
emphasized factual reporting when he
recorded the events during the
Peloponnesian War. (Perry, 1989, p. 84).
He applied strict standards of impartiality
and evidence gathering to establish facts.

6. Linguistics (the scientific study of language)

 The science of linguistics has been
pioneered by the Sophists during ancient
Greece. Sophists are teachers who
 traveled from city-to-city teaching
speech, grammar, poetry, gymnastics,
mathematics, and music to the Athenian
youth.
 It is believed then that when a person
masters the art of public speaking, they
have a higher chance to succeed in
politics.
 Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322
BC) laid the foundation of western
linguistics as part of the study of rhetoric
on his book Poetics.
 Noam Chomsky (1928- ) regarded as the
Father of Linguistics has published books
in linguistics and became a dominant
model of formal linguistics in recent
decades.

7. Political Science (study of politics, power, and

government)
 Analysis of politics started as early as the
times of Confucius (551- 479 BC) in
ancient China and of Greek philosophers
Plato and Aristotle in ancient Greece.
 Plato (427-347 BC) was the first thinker
to analyze political systems. He
expressed his political ideas in his book,
the Republic, which is a description of an
ideal state.
 While Aristotle (384-322 BC) is regarded
as the Father of Political Science, Plato is
considered a pioneer in the field of
 political inquiry. His book entitled
Politics looked at different forms of
government in terms of how they were
run and what benefits and responsibilities
their citizens had. His political views
became a source of inspiration to
political thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes
and John Locke.
 Thomas Hobbes (1558-1679) wrote the
book Leviathan. He believed that a
strong ruler was needed to impose order
in the state. On the other hand, John
Locke (1632-1704) wrote Two Treatises
of Government. He believes that the
purpose of the government is to protect
the “natural rights” of its citizens.
 According to Locke, all people are born
free and equal with a right to life, liberty,
property, and pursuit of happiness. He
also believed that if a government fails to
protect the rights of its citizens, the
people have the right or duty to
overthrow the government and establish
a better one.
 Locke’s theory of government was
immensely influential in modern political
thinking. His principle that government
derives its power from the consent of the
people became the foundation of modern
democracy.
 8. Psychology (study of behavior and mental
processes)
 The development of psychology could be dated
back as early as the ancient Greece when
Aristotle (384-322 BC) claimed that the brain is
the seat of the rational human mind.
 The science of psychology was founded by
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), a German
psychologist and is considered as the Father of
Modern Psychology. He distinguished
psychology as a science from philosophy and
biology. He was also the first person to ever call
himself a “psychologist”. Wundt also founded
the first formal laboratory for psychological
research.
 Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), a Russian
experimental scientist, studied the behavior and
nervous system of animals. He found that an
animal’s involuntary actions- its reflexes could
be changed or conditioned through training.
 Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), an Austrian
neurologist pursued to understand the workings
of an unconscious mind, which he deemed to be
the source of human actions. Freud developed
the method known as psychoanalysis, in which
mental and emotional problems and disorders are
treated by trying to discover their sources in the
unconscious mind.

9. Sociology (study of social interactions) Activity:

 The science of sociology was born Fill-up the data retrieval chart below.
 Trace the
 historical because of social changes brought about
foundations by the impact of the Industrial
that paved
the way for Revolution.
the growth of  The Industrial Revolution created
social massive changes not only in the field of
science technology and manufacturing processes,
disciplines.
but also in the work and living pattern of
the people. Factory life pulled people
away from their homes, changed their
work schedule and weakened their family Assignment:
Direction:
ties. Given the existing condition, it 1. Think of a current issue that is
required a new way of thinking to related to any of the nine
 Relate the understand society and improve social disciplines in the Social Sciences
disciplines of interactions. by composing a tweet followed by
social a hashtag (#). For example, On
sciences to  The term sociology was invented by a Anthropology: “Respect each other
the current French philosopher, Auguste Comte regardless of race and color. Say
issues in our (1798-1857). He emphasized that the no to violence. Stop racial
society. study of society must be scientific. discrimination”
#BlackLivesMatter.
 Comte favored positivism, which is a 2. Whichever is available, you can
way of understanding that is based on print or write your answers on a
science. He envisioned a process of short bond paper.
social change in which sociologists play
important roles in guiding society.
 Aside from Comte, Emile Durkheim
(1858-1917) and Max Weber (1864-
1920) were also considered as pioneer
thinkers in sociology in the early 1900’s.
 They did careful research, gathered
information, and analyzed their findings
in attempts to find out what factors affect The highest possible score for the nine
the ways people behave in groups. items is 45 points. Each written answer for
 Durkheim argued that sociology should every item will be graded based on the
following criteria:
 be the study of social facts. This is the
method he used in studying why people Rubric
commit suicides. Weber, on the other Indicators Score
Points

hand advocated a value free sociology, Appropriateness 2

which means it must be approached Organization 1
without the personal bias of the Choice of words 1
sociologist. He believed that people must Conventions 1
be critical in their concepts and evidence, Total 5
and they must follow strict logical
principles in their reasoning.

Prepared by: Checked by:

Jhunalyn F. Agoilo Rosahle S. Pagadora

Faculty Principal