IPSAC-2023 Complete Abstract Book

About Us
The KFUEIT Rahim Yar Khan is the first university in a radius of 200 km embarking upon
its plans to spread quality education in a highly professional environment with grace, pride
and dignity. This institution is nothing lesser than a blessing for the area of Rahim Khan in
particular and Southern Punjab and Northern Sindh in general.
At Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan
we have chosen a set of core values which fully embody our vision and mission. These core
values permeate all our activities and form a benchmark to judge our efforts against. These
core values are the qualities that we want to maximize in our students, faculty and staff.
Furthermore, we believe that these core values will allow us to transform our society into an
advance one. Our core values are based on our acronym so that they become easy for us to
remember.
Our core values are:

K Knowledge-able
F Faithful
U Useful
E Eco-friendly
I Innovative
T Tolerant
Our Vision
To become a world-class University of Engineering and Information Technology that
contributes significantly to the development of regional economy and uplift of the local
community by becoming a powerhouse of intellectual and human capital generation.
Our Mission
To offer an undergraduate educational experience in Engineering and information
Technology Where:
 The curriculum and its delivery conform to international standards
 The students are provided an environment for wholesome development of their
personality and creative potential
 The graduates produced are most sought after by prospective employers
 To conduct research to solve local and national problems requiring Engineering or
Information Technology based solutions.
Message from Prof. Dr. Muhammad Suleman
Tahir
Vice Chancellor KFUEIT
It is an immense pleasure and honor to warmly welcome the
attendees of the ―Two days International Conference on Precision
and Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change (IPSAC-2023)‖
to be held on 16-17 February at Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Agriculture plays a vital role in Pakistan's economy and is considered the backbone of the
country's economy. The sector is the largest employer, providing jobs for more than 40% of
the labor force and contributing around 18.9% to the country's GDP. Pakistan's agricultural
sector is diverse, with a wide range of crops and livestock. Major crops include wheat, rice,
cotton, sugarcane, maize, and pulses. Livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo, is
also an essential part of the agricultural sector. Agriculture is also a significant source of
foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan. The country exports a variety of agricultural
products, including rice, cotton, fruits, and vegetables. Moreover, the agro-based industry,
such as textiles and sugar, heavily relies on agricultural produce. However, Pakistan's
agricultural sector faces several challenges, including water scarcity, soil erosion, low
productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and an outdated legal and regulatory framework. The
government of Pakistan is taking various measures to address these challenges, such as
implementing new technologies, providing access to credit and financial services, and
promoting better land management practices.
International agriculture conferences are events where stakeholders from different parts of the
world come together to discuss agricultural issues, share knowledge and experiences, and
develop solutions to address challenges facing the sector. International agriculture
conferences provide a platform for sharing experiences, research findings, and best practices
in agriculture. This helps stakeholders learn from each other and develop solutions to
common challenges. These conferences offer a valuable opportunity for individuals and
organizations to network and build partnerships. Participants can meet with other
stakeholders in the sector, including researchers, policymakers, farmers, and business leaders.
Agriculture conferences also aim to promote innovation and encourage the development of
new technologies and practices that can help address challenges facing the sector.
International agriculture conferences may be used to advocate for policies that support the
development of sustainable agriculture and improve the livelihoods of farmers. These
conferences can also provide training and capacity-building opportunities for stakeholders,
particularly in developing countries, to help them improve their agricultural practices and
increase their productivity.
It is my hope that the IPSAC-2023 would be able to achieve its objective in providing an
effective forum for academicians, researchers, agriculturist, industrialists and practitioners to
advancing knowledge, research, and technology for humanity. There has always been a gap
between peoples and communities who can make effective use of technology and those who
cannot. It is pleasing to note that the agenda of this conference covers a wide range of
interesting topics related to all theoretical and practical aspects of Agriculture.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Conferences such as this provide a valuable opportunity for research
scientists, industry specialists and decision-makers to share experiences and ideas. I am
grateful to the many experts who have come to share their knowledge in this conference. I am
sure you will have fruitful and rewarding exchanges in the next few days.
In accordance with the vision and mission of KFUEIT, that is to become a world-class
research university, this international conference is one among many efforts to make these
vision and mission come true. It is part of our concern on contribution of science and
technology for enhancing nation productivity and competitiveness in Pakistan. Hopefully, we
all can significantly give more contributions to the nation advancement in the near future.
I wish all of you best of luck!
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information
Technology, Rahim yar Khan-Pakistan
Rahim Yar Khan is located in Southern Punjab and is a major city and industrial hub of the
region. This region of Punjab is bordered by areas of Baluchistan and Sindh that are similarly
deprived in terms of facilities for higher education in science and technology. For decades,
students from the region had to travel hundreds of miles to get engineering and technology
education, even when they would be lucky enough to get admission in the face of high
competition on limited seats in the public sector engineering universities of the province.
Hence, establishment of an Engineering University in the city had been a long-standing
demand of the people of Rahim Yar Khan. This demand was ultimately fulfilled on 22 April
2014 by laying the foundation of Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information
Technology on Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan. The Government of Punjab started out by
providing 220 Acres of land and thereafter through the involvement of the University of
Engineering & Technology, Lahore under the dynamic leadership of its then Vice Chancellor,
Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Akram Khan, a PC-1 of Rs. 3,847 million was prepared and subsequently
approved by the Planning & Development Board, Punjab for the Establishment of Khwaja
Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan.
The Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Act (Act XVI of 2014) was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 29 May 2014 to provide the
legal foundations and framework for the University. Classes were started in four rented
classrooms of the Government College of Technology, Shehbazpur Road, some 18
kilometers away from the actual campus site, on 1st September 2014 for a batch of 200
students equally divided in the four disciplines of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical
Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology. The classes were shifted to
newly built stat of the art campus at Abu-Dhabi Road in 2016.
The aim of a KFUEIT is to provide high-quality education and training to students, to
advance knowledge and understanding through research, and to serve the community by
sharing expertise and providing opportunities for intellectual and cultural enrichment.
Provide excellent academic programs and opportunities for students to learn and develop
critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills. Conduct high-quality research
and scholarly activities that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and understanding
in various fields. Foster a diverse and inclusive community of faculty, staff, and students that
encourages mutual respect, understanding, and cultural exchange. Engage with the
community through partnerships, outreach, and service to address important social,
economic, and environmental challenges. Maintain a commitment to academic integrity,
ethical conduct, and intellectual freedom. Ultimately, KFUEIT aim to produce well-rounded
and knowledgeable graduates who can contribute to society in a meaningful way, while
advancing knowledge and understanding through research and scholarship.
Department of Agricultural Engineering
Pakistan‘s economy is primarily an agrarian based as agriculture sector is contributing about
21% to its GDP, employing 45% of its work force, and providing livelihood to more than
67% of its population, which is residing mostly in the rural areas. But, contribution of this
sector of economy is heavily dependent on adequate supply of irrigation water, state of the art
modern as well as low-cost farm equipment and structures and safe environment. At the same
time, it is also needed to provide alternative energy sources and post-harvest food
preservation technologies to ensure food security as post-harvest losses in fruits and
vegetables could reduce production by 25-40%. Keeping these issues in view, the Department
of Agricultural Engineering at Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan has been established in 2018. The Department is proud of its
huge infrastructure, highly accomplished and talented academia, well equipped laboratories
for a comprehensive training in water, mechanization, environmental and computer modeling
aspects of agriculture. Department also aims to be a hub in academic professionalism and
entrepreneurial development in agricultural engineering. The Department has opened its
doors to the public to boost its professional and industrial dialogue through university
industry linkage, outreach programs, internship for students and MoUs with public/private
sectors. Department of Agricultural Engineering offers BS in Agri. Engineering and
Agriculture (Agronomy and Entomology), MS in Agri. Engineering and Agriculture
(Agronomy and Entomology) and PhD in Agri. Engineering.
Message from Principal Organizer
Prof. Dr. Shahzad Murtaza, Dr. Muhammad Sagir, Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz,
Patron, Principal Organizer Principal Organizer, Principal Organizer,
Dean of All Faculties, Registrar- KFUEIT Director, QEC- KFUEIT Focal Person
KFUEIT HoD, Agricultural Engineering
On behalf of the organizing committee, I welcome you to the International Conference on

Precision and Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change (IPSAC-2023)‖ to be held on
16-17 February at Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. This year IPSAC-2023 has brought around three hundreds of
participants, invited speakers, distinguished dignitaries from national institutes and
professionals from the industries to share their work. The event is enriched with the keynote
speeches of accomplished researchers from around the world. I hope ICPSC-2023 will
continue to play its role in encouraging and attracting quality research and bridging gaps
between academia and industry in future years. I really appreciate the generous support from
the industry and different organizations. The aim and objectives of this, IPSAC-2023
multidisciplinary conference is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians
as well as industrial professionals from USA, UK, Australia, Denmark, China, Sweden,
Ireland, Turkey, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Canada, Iran and Pakistan to present their
research results and development activities in the functional applications. This conference
provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and applied experiences to
establish research as well as commercial relations and to find global partners for future
collaborations. The platform may also help in uplifting the interest of local investors for
advancing local manufacturing.
Partners and Sponsors of IPSAC-2023
Rundown IPSAC-2023
Conference Day-1
16 February, 2023
1 Inaugural Session at Community Centre KFUEIT
Reception of Guests at Worthy Vice Chancellor Office 8:00am-9:00am

Registration & Seating 9:00am-10:00am
Moderator: Dr. Ahmed Sohaib [Tilawat, National anthem and Opening] 10:00am-10:10am
Welcome Address by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Suleman Tahir 10:10am-10:25am
Vice Chancellor KFUEIT RYK
Key Note Talk: Dr. Mohsin Hafeez 10:25am-10:40am
Country Director IWMI-Pakistan
Key Note Talk: Dr. Francois Onimus 10:40am-10:55am
World Bank Pakistan
Key Note Talk: Ms. Emelda Berejena 10:55am-11:10 am
Representative FAO Pakistan
Stakeholders Representative Talk: Engr. Mr. Pervaz Fateh 11:10am-11:20am
GM, Manufacturing Fatima Fertilizer Company
Stakeholders Representative Talk: Engr. Mr. Mansoor Rizvi 11:20am-11:30am
GM, CNH Industrial Services President PSAE
Guest of Honor Talk: Ms. Farzana Altaf Shah 11:30am-11:40am
DG, Pak-EPA, MoCC, Pakistan
Academic Heads Talk: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arshad 11:40am-11:55am
Dean, Agri. Engineering, UAF
Researcher Talk: Dr. Azeem Ali Shah 11:55am-12:10pm
Regional Researcher Water Governance, IWMI-Pakistan
Secretary Agriculture and Finance Remarks 12:10pm-12:30pm
Sectrait South Punjab
Chief Guest Talk and Remarks 12:;30pm-12:40pm
Remarks by the Invited Vice Chancellors 12:40pm-12:50pm
Vote of thanks, Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz 12:50pm-13:00pm
HoD, Department of Agricultural Engineering, KFUEIT
Shield Distribution Ceremony/ Group Photo 13:00 pm
Lunch/Prayer time 13:00 – 14:00 pm
Zoom Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88311009520?pwd=ckJGUDRZc0k2UE8zUTRKUCtQbG50QT09
2 PLENARY SESSION-I [Community Centre KFUEIT] Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture
Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arshad UAF-Faisalabad
Session Co-Chair: Prof. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad BZU-Multan
Moderator: Engr. Mehmood Riaz, Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas, Dr. M. Ashraf
Invited Talk: Dr. Saeed Iqbal 14:00pm-14:15pm
Farm Advisory Manager, Fatima Fertilizer Company
Invited Talk: Engr. Mansoor Rizvi (President PSAE) 14:15pm-14:30pm
GM, CNH Industrial Services
Invited Talk: Dr. Abdul-ur-Rehman Cheema 14:30pm-14:45pm
Regional Researcher, Water Governance and Institutional Specialist, IWMI Pakistan
Invited Talk: Mr. Shahid Saleem 14:45pm-15:00pm
CEO REEDs, Pakistan
Invited Talk: Prof.Dr. Shoaib Sial 15:00pm-15:15pm
Professor and Chairman, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan.
Invited Talk: Engr. Fakhar Raza 15:15pm-15:30pm
Regional Director, PCRWR, Lahore
Invited Talk: Engr. Dr. Muhammad Sultan 15:30pm-15:45pm
Associate Prof., Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan.
Conclusion Remarks/QA Session/Tea Break 15:45pm-16:00pm
PLENARY SESSION-II [Community Centre KFUEIT] Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture
Session Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Shoaib Sial BZU-Multan
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Farman Ali Chandio SAU-Tandojam
Moderator: Engr. Mehmood Riaz, Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas, Dr. M. Ashraf
Invited Talk: Dr. Muhammad Zia-ur-Rahman Hashmi 16:00pm-16:15pm
Head, Water Resources and Glaciology-GCISC, Islamabad.
Prof. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad 16:15pm-16:30pm
Professor, Bahauddin University, Multan.
Invited Talk: Engr. Mahmood Riaz 16:30pm-16:45pm
AMRI, Multan
Invited Talk: Dr. Saqib Ali 16:45pm-17:00pm
CAS, UAF.
Invited Talk: Dr. Safdar Bashir 17:00pm-17:15pm
Associate Prof., Ghazi University, DG Khan.
Concluding Remarks by Chair 17:15pm-17:30pm
Conference Desert Dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm
3 TECHNICAL SESSION-I [CIEN-1.03L] Plant Production and Environment

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Shafaqat Ali
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Muhammad Tahir
Moderator: Dr. Javed Iqbal/Dr. Basharat Ali
Dr. Rafaqat Ali Gill 16:00pm-16:15pm
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
Dr. Umair Ashraf 16:15pm-16:30pm
University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
Dr. Muhammad Tahir 16:30pm-16:45pm
COMSAT, Vehari campus, Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Azam 16:45pm-17:00pm
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Zoom Link: https://us05web.zoom.us/j/86924711895?pwd=TUZONkZFZmV3OXp1NjhWa0JVT3NjQT09
Conference Dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm
4 TECHNICAL SESSION-I [CIEN-1.03R] Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency

Session Chair: Dr. Safdar Bashir
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
Moderator: Dr. Adnan Noor Shah/Dr. Shahbaz Ali
Dr. Asad Abbas 16:00pm-16:15pm
Western Sydney University, Australia
Dr. Anis Ali Shah 16:15pm-16:30pm
University of Education, Lahore
Dr. Khurram Mubeen 16:30pm-16:45pm
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan.
Dr. Tahir Iqbal 16:45pm-17:00pm
PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi.
Dr. Iqtidar Hussain 17:00pm-17:15pm
Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan
Zoom Link: https://us05web.zoom.us/j/83311047942?pwd=NmthWUwwNUErWDc4NStvMERJRjExUT09
Conference dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm
Conference Day-2
17 February, 2023
5 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [CIEN-1.03L] Abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Shafaqat Ali
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Muhammad Tahir
Moderator: Dr. Javed Iqbal
Dr. Shadab Shaukat 9:00am-9:20am
Lasbela University of Agriculture, Uthal, Balochistan.
Mr. Asif Mehmood 9:20am -9:40am
Senior Program Manager-Pakistan
Organic Cotton Accelerator
Dr. Basharat Ali 9:40am-9:55am
KFUEIT, RYK
Dr. Muhammad Sarwar 9:55am-10:10am
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Dr. Shahbaz Atta Tung 10:10am-10:25am
PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi.
Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00am
6 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [CIEN-1.03R] Water Resources and Climate Change

Session Chair: Dr. Haroon Rashid
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Muhammad Zia ur Rahman Hashmi
Moderator: Engr. Dr. M. Ashraf/Engr. Dr. Noman Ali Buttar
Dr. Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad 9:00am-9:20am
CSIRO, Australia
Dr. Azeem Ali Shah, Researcher Water Governance Institutions 9:20am-9:35am
IWMI - Pakistan
Mr. Jiro Ariyama, Water Resources Management Expert 9:35am-9:50am
FAO United Nations
Dr. Muhammad Abubakar, 9:50am-10:05am
Director Centre for Water Informatics and Tech.
LUMS
Dr. Muhammad Saifullah 10:05am-10:20am
Questions from participants 10:20am-10:30am
Zoom Link: https://us05web.zoom.us/j/83311047942?pwd=NmthWUwwNUErWDc4NStvMERJRjExUT09
Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00am
7 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [Civil auditorium] Sustainable Agriculture

Session Chair: Dr. Javed Iqbal
Session Co-Chair: Dr. M. Bilal Chattha
Moderator: Dr. Muhammad Nawaz/Dr. M. Saqlain Zaheer
Dr. Zeeshan Ali 9:00am-9:20am
Henan Agriculture University, Zhangzhou, China
Dr. Shahid Iqbal 9:20am-9:40am
Dr. M. Bilal Chattha 9:40am-10:00am
Punjab University, Lahore
Dr. Muhammad Wakeel Rana 10:00am-10:15am
COMSAT, Pakistan
Dr. Hafiz Haidar Ali 10:15am-10:30am
Director QEC, GC University Lahore
Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00 am
8 TECHNICAL SESSION-III [CIEN-1.03L] Renewable Energy in Agriculture/Waste water

re-use in Agriculture
Session Chair: Engr. Dr. Muhammad Sultan BZU Multan
Session Co-Chair: Engr. Dr. M. Usman/ Dr. M. Umair
Moderator: Engr. Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas/Engr. Dr. Kamran Ikram
Prof. Dr. Jiandong HU 11:00am to 11:10am
Henan Agricultural University.
Dr. Vita Meylani 11:10am-11:20am
Silwangi University, Indonesia.
Eng. Mr. Saqib Sohail 11:20am-11:30am
Senior Manager, Artists Milliner
Mr. Tuaheed Ghani 11:30am-11:40am
Manager WWF, Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Waseem 11:40am-11:50am
Assistant Prof., GIKI
Dr. M. Mubashar Umer 11:50am-12:00pm
Dr. M. Usman Khan 12:00pm-12:10pm
Dr. Mhammad Faheem 12:10pm-12:20pm
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Dr. Aftab Nazeer 12:20pm-12:30pm
Bahauddin University Multan.
9 TECHNICAL SESSION-III [CIEN-1.03R] Environmental Sustainability under Climate

Change
Session Chair: Dr. Muhammad Abid GIZ/Prof. Dr. M. Shafqat Ejaz NEDUET
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Muhammad Rizwan
Moderator: Engr. Dr. M. Ashraf/Engr. Dr. Noman Ali Buttar
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shafqat Ejaz 11:00am-11:15am
Civil Engineering Department, NED University
Mr.Zain Akber 11:15am-11:30am
Research Officer, Water Governance and Institutional Specialist, IWMI Pakistan
Dr. Abid, Senior Advisor to Climate Change Adaptation 11:30am-11:45am
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Pakistan
Dr. Uzair Qamar 11:45am-12:00pm
University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
Dr. Imran Khan 12:00pm-12:15pm
Dr. Haroon Rasheed 12:15pm-12:30pm
Civil Engineering Department, IUB
Zoom Link:
https://us05web.zoom.us/j/83311047942?pwd=NmthWUwwNUErWDc4NStvMERJRjExUT09
10 TECHNICAL SESSION-III [Civil Auditorium] Integrated Pest Management
Session Chair: Dr. Muhammad Sagir
Session Co-Chair: Dr. Mirza Abdul Qayyum
Moderator: Dr. Habib Ali/Dr. Shahbaz Ali
Dr. Abrar Muhammad 11:00am-11:25am
Zhejiang University, China
Dr. Mirza Abdul Qayyum 11:25am-11:45am
Dr. Mahmoon Ul Rasheed 11:45am-12:00pm
Gomal University, D. I. Khan.
Dr. Muhammad Sagir 12:00pm-12:15pm
Dr. M. Zahid 12:15pm-12:30pm
BZU, Multan.
11 Closing ceremony [Civil auditorium] 12:30pm
12 Zoom Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88311009520?pwd=ckJGUDRZc0k2UE8zUTRKUCtQbG50QT09

Table of Contents
Abstract ID Abstract Title Page No.
IPSAC-01 A Synthesis of Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Emissions, and Net Carbon Flux in 01
Agriculture Comparing Tillage Practices in Punjab, Pakistan
Mustansar Abbas, Rana Ammar Aslam

IPSAC-02 Novel Characteristics in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutants by Using Various 02
Techniques (Metabolomics and Proteomic Approaches)
Shahid Nazeer, Muhammad Sajjad, Laiba Tanveer, Huma Anwar and Muhammad
Asif
IPSAC-03 Application of Remote Sensors in Mapping Rice Area and Forecasting Its 03
Production
Muhammad Sajjad, Khalid Hussain and Shahid Nazeer

IPSAC-04 Modern Agritech as a Strategy in Addressing Climate Change and Attaining 04
Sustainable Agriculture
Muhammad Sajjad, Shahid Nazeer, Huma Anwar, Laiba Tanveer and Muhammad
Asif
IPSAC-05 Luobuma (Apocynum) – a cash crop for saline lands 05
Mohsin Tanveer, Adnan Noor Shah and Lei Wang

IPSAC-06 Morpho-physiological and molecular approaches for overcoming stem lodging 06
and kernel abortion in dense maize population
Adnan Noor Shah, Yasir Niaz, Mohsin Tanveer, Muhammad Nawaz, Basharat
Ali, Habib Ali, Anis Ali Shah, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
IPSAC-07 Exploring the role of salt stress on morpho-physiological response of wheat 07
genotypes
Munaza Batool, Safdar Bashir, Azra Parveen, Sanober Gull, Sanullah

IPSAC-08 Vermicomposting improve the agronomic characteristics of wheat in a sustainable 08
agriculture
Zuhair Hasnain, Iqtidar Hussain

IPSAC-09 Genome-wide Analysis of Sucrose synthesase and Invertase Gene Family, in 09
Potato
Asad Abbas, Adnan Noor Shah, Mohsin Tanveer, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas,
Anis Ali Shah
IPSAC-10 Exogenous Application of Gallic Acid Alters Growth and Nutritional Profile of 10
Broccoli Under Changing Environmental Conditions
Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Ahsan Ahmad Awan, Ghufrana Samin, Ahmad

Sayyam, Noman Maqsood and Muhammad Asif
IPSAC-11 Agro Chemicals application and its impact on Environment 11
Abdullah Khalid, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Saira Shehzadi, Umair Ali, Saad Abid,
Zain Ul Abidin.
IPSAC-12 Assessment of the Use of Moringa Leaf Extract as Foliar-spray on Wheat 12
(Triticum aestivum L.) under nickel stress
Sadia Khalid, Muhammad Shahbaz, Naveed Ul Hassan and Mudassar Nadeem

IPSAC-13 Precision horticulture: Need for climate smart agriculture practices 13
Israr Ali, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Muhammad Azam Khan, Shahbaz Atta Tung
IPSAC-14 Precision Fertilizer Application for Cotton Production in Relation to Climatic 14
Variations
Mueen Akram, Kashif Ali Khan, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Yasir Ali, Abdul
Basit, Muhammad Ahmar Amin, Muhammad Murtaza, Saqlain Ahmad, Shamsha
Bibi
IPSAC-15 Nutrients efficiency and Agriculture Sustainability Regarding Varying Climatic 15
Conditions
Abdul Basit, Kashif Ali Khan, Muhammad Ijaz, Adnan Zahid, Muhammad Abu
Bakar Zia, Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza, Mueen Akram, Muhammad Murtaza
IPSAC-16 Efficiency of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on wheat growth under weeds 16
Competition on Sandy loam Soil
Muhammad Murtaza, Kashif Ali Khan, Abdul Basit, Mueen Akram, Muhammad
Islam, Naeem Zafar, Samar Iqbal
IPSAC-17 Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystem 17
Hasan Tariq, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Saad Abid, Zain-ul-Abdain, Umair Ali, Umer
Maqsood.
IPSAC-18 Efficacy of Different Plants Extracts against American bollworm (Helicoverpa 18
armigera) under lab conditions
Muhammad Arif, Ghulam Yasin, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar

IPSAC-19 Digital Disease Mapping of Citrus Canker from Selected Citrus Orchards in 19
Pothowar
Amar Mehmood, Gulshan Irshad, Qamar-Uz-Zaman, M. Usman Raja, Tehmina

Akbar, Gull e Laala
IPSAC-20 Response of Humic Acid in Combination with Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and 20
Yield of late Sown Maize on Problematic Soil
Iqtidar Hussain and Saqib Raza Zaidi

IPSAC-21 Integrated Strategies to Prevent Brown Rot in Peaches 21
Taj Nabi, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Muhammad azam khan, Shahbaz Atta Tung
IPSAC-22 Efficacy of Plant extracts as an Alternatives to Synthetic Pesticides in 22
Management of Tomato Fungal Pathogens
Rehman Khalid, Ghayass sagheer, Gul E Lala, Nayla Haneef

IPSAC-23 Mitigating the adverse effects of Drought Stress in Wheat during Tillering 23
Through Exognous Application of Silver Nanoparticles
Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan,

Hamza Maqsood, Hassaan Ahmad, Basharat Ali
IPSAC-24 Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nitrate Nanoparticles using Plant Extracts against 24
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions
Aqsa Shabbir, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar

IPSAC-25 Association Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to 25
Against Salinity Stress Tolerance
Sammer Fatima, Rizwan Shukat, Iqra Kousar,Shadab Shaukat and Irfan Shaukat
IPSAC-26 Evaluate the Response of Radiation Use Efficiency for Growth and Yield of 26
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Different Row Spacing under Semi-arid
Conditions of Pakistan
Muhammad Amjid, Muhammad Sajid, Hassan Munir, Sadam Hussain, Marjan

Aziz, Husnain Riaz
IPSAC-27 Saw-tooth Grain Beetle's Dietary Choices among different local Stored Date 27
Varieties of Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Ayesha Younas, Alishbah Mohsin, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

IPSAC-28 Impact of Oils on Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle in Safeguarding Stored Dates Fruit 28
Alishbah Mohsin, Ayesha Younas, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

IPSAC-29 Toxicity of essential oils against Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), Rahim 29
Yar Khan.
Aleena Kanwal, Qirat Fayyaz, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

IPSAC-30 Bamboo Tube Nest Traps: A Method for Surveying Tube-Nesting Bees and 30
Wasps in Semi-Urban Areas of Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Shahzaman Rasool, Wajid Ayoub

IPSAC-31 Jasmine Leaf Webworm Management with Botanical Extracts: An Investigation 31
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Imran, Ali Usama

IPSAC-32 Nesting site selection by stingless bees in Urban Areas of Rahim Yar Khan, 32
Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Aneela Ashiq, Shumaila

Khan, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed, Amara Gul e Fareen
IPSAC-33 Effect of Manure Application on Physical Parameters of Spinach (Spinacia 33
oleracea): A review
Muhammad Ammar Amjad, Basharat Ali, Javed Iqbal, Asma Aslam

IPSAC-34 Agricultural Residue Pollution and Control Measures in Pakistan 34
Altaf Alam Noonari

IPSAC-35 Zinc and Cow Manure mediated enhancement of biomass production, and physio- 35
chemical attributes in saline water stressed spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Muhammad Ammar Amjad, Basharat Ali, Shumaila Khan, Javed Iqbal, Yasir
Niaz, Asma Aslam, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Muhammad Sajid Iqbal
IPSAC-36 Pathogenicity of mycoproteins of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae 36
to Bactrocera zonata
Muhammad Wajid, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Shafqat Saeed, Muhammad Ashfaq,

Waqas Wakil, Muhammad Yasin Ahamed Mohammed
IPSAC-37 Micro/nanoplastic Pollution in Soil Environment Poses a Serious Threat to 37
Insect‘s Ecosystem Services and Their Decline
Abrar Muhammad
IPSAC-38 Eucalyptus Globulus and its Extracts Applications in Medical Treatment 38
Marium Javed
IPSAC-49 Effect of nicotinic acid on physiological, biochemical, growth and yield of wheat 39
(Triticum aestivum L.) under normal and water limited conditions
Nouman Khurshid, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Adnan Noor Shah, Wajid

Naseem Jatoi, Zafar Malik
IPSAC-40 Growth Performance Improvement of Cobb Broilers with Dietary Zinc Sulfate 40
Enrichment
Baila Ahmad, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Zulfiqar Ahmad

IPSAC-41 The Increasing Hunger Concern and Current Need in the Development of 41
Sustainable Food Security in the Developing Countries
Abdul Rahaman
IPSAC-42 Preparation of Compost using Kitchen Waste 42
Murtaza Ahmed and Shahbaz Nasir Khan

IPSAC-43 Effect of Soil/Foliar Fertigation of Silicon Dioxide Nano-Fertilizer on 43
Biochemical and Physiological Attributes of Camelina sativa L. in Industrial Zone
Javed Iqbal, Basharat Ali, Yasir Niaz, Kainat Mohsin, Nadia Hussain, Saba
Arshad, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Aqeela Shaheen, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad
Nawaz, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Habib Ali, Noman Ali Buttar and Adeel
Anwar
IPSAC-44 Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-waste Incorporated Poly-ethylene glycol / 44
Pectin Composite
Naveela Nasr, Aqeela Shaheen, Javed Iqbal, Basharat Ali, Yasir Niaz,
Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Muhammadi babi, Adeel Anwar, Iqra Anwar and
Imran Mahmood
IPSAC-45 Investigating the Impact of Biochar Application on Growth & Yield Attributes of 45
Mustard, Soil Fertility, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Punjab Zone
Javed Iqbal, Basharat Ali, Yasir Niaz, Iqra Anwar, Sawaira Dastgir, Aqeela
Shaheen, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer,
Habib Ali, Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Ashraf and Adeel Anwar
IPSAC-46 Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Film Ag-Nanocomposite Stabilized with 46
Cellulose for Potential Use in Water Treatment
Aqeela Shaheen, Saba Arshad, Kainat Mohsin, Javed Iqbal, Basharat Ali, Jaffar
Sattar and Abbas Ali
IPSAC-47 Biosorption Studies of Pectin Polysaccharide Mucilage for Arsenic from Drinking 47
Water
Saba Hussain, Rabbiya Khurshid, Aqeela Shaheen, Shehzadi Fatima, Javed Iqbal,
Basharat Ali, Yasir Niaz, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Muhammadi babi, Adeel
Anwar, Iqra Anwar and Imran Mahmood
IPSAC-48 Effect of Weeds Management Practices in Different Wheat Cultivars under Agro 48
climatic Conditions of D.I. Khan, KP., Pakistan.
Iqtidar Hussain and Muhammad Jawad Nazir

IPSAC-49 Immobilization of animal liver esterase with electrospunpullulan nanofiber and its 49
application in the detection of carbaryl
Jun Wang, Yaming, Yuan, Songnan Li

IPSAC-50 Bio management of Pythium Root Rot disease in Tomato Mill using Epicoccum 50
purpurascens
Muhammad Nazir Uddin, Fida Hussain, Shumaila Gul, Fahmeeda Kausar, Wajid
Khan, Muhammad Rizwan
IPSAC-51 Simulation Study of Salt Movement and Root Water Uptake of Drip and Basin 51
irrigated mangoes
S. A. Soomro, M. S. Mirjat, M.A. Mangrio, M. A. Talpur

IPSAC-52 Evaluation of Sustainable Technologies for Rice Production System in Pakistan 52
Nadeem Akbar, M. Ishfaq, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Ahmad Waqas and Umar
Draz
IPSAC-53 Economic production of Green pepper under drip irrigation coupled with tunnel 53
farming
Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Nadeem Akbar, Qais Yameen, Muhammad Rizwan,

Ahmad Waqas and Umar Draz
IPSAC-54 Assessment of Potential of Bed Planting Over Flat Sowing for Wheat Production 54
Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Nadeem Akbar, Muhammad Rizwan, Umar Draz, and
Ahmad Waqas
IPSAC-55 Effect of foliar application of moringa and nitrogen on vegetative and 55
reproductive qualities of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Shumaila Khan, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Yasir Niaz,
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Adnan Noor Shah, Sumaira Yasmeen
IPSAC-56 Reducing sprout suppressants in potatoes using natural oils 56
Arifa Khan, Shumaila Khan, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah,
Yasir Niaz, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
IPSAC-57 Production Enhancement of Cucumis sativus L. through Amplified Use of Poultry 57
Litter and Mineral Fertilizers under Protected Cultivation
Shumaila Khan, Basheer Noman Sallam, Yasir Niaz, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas,
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Adnan Noor Shah, Habib Ali, Shehbaz Ali,
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Adil
IPSAC-58 Economic Analysis of Tillage System in Wheat Production under Rice-Wheat 58
Cropping systems of punjab, Pakistan
Rafi Qamar, Abdul Rehman, Atique-ur-Rehman

IPSAC-59 Mechanized sugarcane production technology through bud nods 59
Abdul Rehman, Rafi Qamar and Atique-ur-Rehman

IPSAC-60 Determination of Selected Metals in Orange (Citrus) Fruit from Pakistan 60
Muhammad Abdul Qayyum, Tariq Ayesha

IPSAC-61 Cotton-Based Intercropping: A Sustainable Approach for Food and Fibre Security 61
under Changing Climate
Iqbal Hussain, Shahid Saleem, Hafeez Ullah, Muhammad Umar Iqbal, Umair
Aslam, Muhammad Nasir, Madiah Nisar, Ghulam Ahmad
IPSAC-62 Role of Wheat in Elimination of Poverty and Security of Food under Adverse 62
Climatic Conditions
Asad Ali Khan, Muhammad Nawaz, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Saqlain
Zaheer, Muhammad Umer Javed
IPSAC-63 Assessment of heavy metal uptake in some ornamental species growing alongside 63
industrial sites
Muntha Sittara, Jamila Fatima, Zarnab Sehar, Abrar Hussain, Anis Ali Shah
IPSAC-64 Wheat germination and growth under cold stress 64
M. Usman Shahid, Ayesha Saeed, Haleema Sadia

IPSAC-65 Detection of Strawberry Fungal Diseases Using Deep Convolutional Neural 65
Networks by VGG19
Taswar Ahsan, Adnan Khalil

IPSAC-66 Value Addition of Food: A Solution towards Food Security 66
Atif Liaqat, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai, Muhammad Adil Farooq,

Samreen Ahsan, Rabia Iqbal, Syed Junaid Ur Rahman
IPSAC-67 Impact of Exogenous Application of Trehalose on Growth, Antioxidant 67
Machinery and Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carom L.) Plants Subjected to Salt
Stress.
Muhammad Awais Ghani, Saleha Saeed, Hamza Mujahid, Basharat Ali,

Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Muhammad Mehran Abbas, Rashad Waseem
Khan, Yasir Majeed
IPSAC-68 Effect of Exogenous Application of Trehalose on Growth of Trigenomic Brassica 68
Under Salt Stressed conditions
Muhammad Awais Ghani, Hamza Mujahid, Adnan Ramzan, Basharat Ali,

Muhammad Mehran Abbas, Khurram Ziaf, Muhammad Azam, Fareeha Shireen
IPSAC-69 Effect of Green-Synthesized Zinc and Silver Nanoparticles against Bacterial 69
Canker of Tomato
Mariam Ashraf, Tahreem Fatima, Tabinda Fatima, Fahad Yaqoob, Muhammad

Kashif, Muhammad Bilwaseed, Muhammad Qasim
IPSAC-70 Effect of Different Accessions of Alfalfa (Madicago sativa L.) and Different Row 70
Spacing on Biomass and Seed Yield Under Semi-arid Condition of Pakistan
Muhammad Amjid, Hassan Munir, Muhammad Sajid
IPSAC-71 Iron and Zinc Nanoparticles Improved Germination, Growth and Physiological 71
Characteristics of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Budnodes
Rafi Qamar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Hafiz Muhammad

Rashad Javeed, Atique-ur-Rehman and Muhammad Ehsan Safdar
IPSAC-72 Relative Efficacy of Synthetic Insecticides against Sucking Insect Pests on 72
Cauliflower
Muhammad Haroon Hullio, Mehran Khan Hullio, Ghulam Qadeer Junejo

IPSAC-73 Sustainable development and Management of Water Resources under adverse 73
conditions of Climate
Muhammad Maaz Hameed, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad

Saqlain Zaheer, Hafiz Haider Ali, Muhammad Umer Javed
IPSAC-74 Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Farming Technologies among Farmers in 74
Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh
Zahid Hussain
IPSAC-75 Role of Nanoparticles (NPs) in Plant Sciences; Potential Benefits and Limitations 75
Umair Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Imran Khan, Basharat Ali, Saddam
Hussain
IPSAC-76 Economic Viability of Mechanized Crop Production Technologies for Rice-Wheat 76
Cropping System in Punjab Pakistan
Nadeem Akbar, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary and Ahmad Waqas

IPSAC-77 Evaluation of Sunflower Cultivars under Different Organic Amendments and 77
Seed Priming Techniques
Muhammad Nawaz, Adnan Noor Shah, Shahbaz Khan, Sohail Irshad, Basharat
Ali, Noman Ali Buttar and Javed Iqbal
IPSAC-78 Precise Nitrogen Management for Wheat using Greenseeker Technology 78
Nadeem Akbar, Basit Mustafa, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Shahid

IPSAC-79 Foliar Applied Moringa Leaf Extract and Potassium enhanced performance of 79
Desi Chickpea Grown under Different Temporal Regimes
Sohail Irshad, Amar Matloob, Shahbaz Khan, Muhammad Nawaz, Shahid Iqbal,
Abdul Ghaffar, Rao Muhammad Ikram and Samra Naseem
IPSAC-80 Potential of Moringa Leaves Extract as Bio-stimulant on Mungbean (Vigna 80
radiata L.) Productivity
Muhammad Saleem Ullah, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Shahid Iqbal, Khuram

Mubeen, Wazir Ahmad, Amar Matloob, Sohail Irshad, Shahbaz Khan and
Muhammad Nawaz
IPSAC-81 Effect of Preharvest Application of Moringa Leaf Extract on Quality Maintenance 81
of Papaya During Cold Storage
Shiza Muqadas, Muhammad Azam, Beenish Chaudhary, Muhammad Arslan

Khan, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Hassan Javed, Saeed
Ahmad
IPSAC-82 Adverse Effect of Climate Change on the Production of Sugarcane 82
Muhammad Umer Javed, Muhammad Nawaz, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad

Saqlain Zaheer, Hafiz Haider Ali, Asad Ali Khan
IPSAC-83 Efficacy of Isoleucine (Ile) for Preserving Physio-Chemical, Biochemical 83
Properties and Postharvest Quality of Grapes During Cold Storage
Beenish Chaudhary, Muhammad Azam, Shiza Muqadas, Muhammad Ali Umer,

Muhammad Arslan Khan, Muhammad Hassan Javed, Shakila Yasmeen
IPSAC-84 Use of Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (hs-spme-gc-ms) Method for the 84
Determination of Citrus Leaf Volatiles during Different Developmental Stage
Muhammad Azam, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Awais

Ghani
IPSAC-85 Efficacy Of Parthenium Plant Extract For Weed Management In Maize 85
Usama, Khuram Mubeen, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Muqarrab Ali, M. Ali Sher,
Amar Matloob, Sohail Irshad, Shahbaz Khan and Muhammad Nawaz
IPSAC-86 Comparative Efficacy of Different Methods for Testing Herbicides Resistance in 86
phalaris minor
Bilal Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Abdul Rehman, Rizwan

Maqbool, Athar Mahmood, Aneela Nijabat, Pinky Fatima
IPSAC-87 Exploring the Effect of Plant Age and Critical Weed Competition Period on 87
Nutrients uptakes Production of Fine Rice under System of Rice Intensification
Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Bilal Ahmad Khan, Asam Raza Chadhar, Muhammad
Aown Sammar Raza, Bashart Ali, Sidra Shakil, Rizwan Maqbool
IPSAC-88 Employment of Membership Functional Analysis for Evaluation of Rapeseed 88
(Brassica napus L.) Germplasm for Drought Tolerance
Ibtesam Zafar, Imran Mahmood, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Javed Iqbal, Rashid
Mehmood, Ghulam Mohyuldin1Nouman Hanif, Saeed Ahmed Asad, Imran
Haider Shamsi
IPSAC-89 In-vitro Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency of Eco-friendly Multifarious Heavy 89
Metals Resistant Bacteria from Sewage and Sewage Water Irrigated Agricultural
Soil
Muhammad Tahir, Abu Bakr Umer Farooq, Tahir Naqqash, Nasir Hussain,
Kabeer Qamar, Aqdas Ali, Muhammad Shahid
IPSAC-90 Enhancing Drought Tolerance of Quinoa Through Potassium And Boron 90
Application
Iqra Zaheen, Shahid Iqbal, M. Baqir Hussain, Ambreen Naz, Sohail Irshad,
Shahbaz Khan and Muhammad Nawaz
IPSAC-91 Chemically Enhanced Phytoextraction of Lead by Jute (corchorus olitorius) from 91
Contaminated Soil
Qurat Ul Ain, Tayyaba Naz, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Anwar-ul-

Haq, Muhammad Saqib, ZulfIqar Ahmad Saqib, Sehar Nawaz, Nisa Javed
IPSAC-92 Studying the Dynamics of Mulch and Different Nitrogen levels on Productivity of 92
Spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Nadeem Akbar, Muhammad Shahid

IPSAC-93 Effect of Different Sowing Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat under 93
Varying Irrigation Regimes
Nadeem Akbar, Basit Mustafa, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Shahid

IPSAC-94 Improving Crop Competitive Ability of Fennel (Foeniculumvulgare MILL.) 94
Against Weeds through Integration of Sowing and Weeding techniques
Kamran Akram, SafdarAli, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Najma Yousaf Zahid, Adeel
Anwar, Zia Ur Rehman, Asif Nawaz, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Arif,
Muhammad Nasir
IPSAC-95 Melatonin application reduces postharvest senescence and maintains the quality of 95
papaya fruit under cold storage
Muhammad Azam, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Arslan

Khan
IPSAC-96 The role of CFCs in Ozone layer depletion 96
Fakhar Abbas, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Abdullah Khalid, Asif Ali, Saad Abid
Cheema and Zain-ul-Abadian
IPSAC-97 Scope of AI and Robotics in Agriculture 97
Umair Ali, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Asif Ali, Saad Abid Cheema, Hasan Tariq,
Abdullah Khalid
IPSAC-98 Impact analysis of climate change on water resources 98
Ahmed Aslam, Rana Ammar Aslam, Shahbaz Nasir khan

IPSAC-99 Guiding Adaptation Policy for Stressed Groundwater Resources to Climate 99
Change and Human developments: a Case Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Aslam Rana Ammar, Shrestha Sangam, Pal Indrajit and Ninsawat Sarawut
IPSAC-100 High Resolution Multi-Model Projections of Climate Change in Different 100
Emission Scenarios for the District Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Punjab, Pakistan
Imran Nadeem
IPSAC-101 Women-Led Climate Resilience 101
Anum Haider and Shahbaz Nasir Khan

IPSAC-102 Leveraging remote sensing for agricultural sustainability: Real-time crop health 102
monitoring of cotton crops in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Danyal Khan, Adala Khan, Toheed Ghani Mahesar, Saqib Sohail,
Junaid Ahmad and Ayesha Alam Khurram
IPSAC-103 Cropland distribution mapping in selected districts of Province Punjab and Sindh 103
using Remote Sensing Satellite data and machine learning algorithm
Muhammad Asif, Usman Akram, Asad Imran, Liaqat Ali Khan, Toheed Ghani,
Mirza Wajid Ali, Usama Maqsood
IPSAC-104 Application of Robotics in Precision Agriculture 104
Saad Abid Cheema, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Muhammad Waqar Akram, Hasan
Tariq, Abdullah Khalid, Fakhr Abbas
IPSAC-105 International Laws for the Distribution of Land Usage; Achieving Sustainable 105
Agriculture
Muhammad Fahad Malik, Kaniz Fatima, Mehwish Noor and Ehsan Ali
IPSAC-106 Sustainable Way of Transforming Agricultural Waste to Energy through 106
Thermochemical Process
Muhammad Mubashar Omar, Kamran Ikram, Faisal Mahmood, Waqar Akram,

Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
IPSAC-107 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources of Quetta: Future Opportunities for 107
Sustainable Development
Malik Muhammad Akhtar, Rida Faisal

IPSAC-108 Water, Energy, Food and Ecosystem (WEFE): Mapping Disconnect Between 108
Policy and Practice in District Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Punjab, Pakistan
Abdur Rehman Cheema, Muhammad Tahir Ali

IPSAC-109 Scope of HBV hydrological model in flood forecasting 109
Yasir Abbas, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Rana Ammar Aslam, Ch. Arslan, Muhammad
Usman Farid, Mazhar Iqbal, Aliza Mehboob
IPSAC-110 Reclaiming Crop Land and Overcoming the Challenges of Climate Change and 110
Flooding: A Study on Soil, Crop Land, and Cropping Pattern
Hafsa Ayub, Samia Jawad, Muhammad Arshad, Atta Ullah

IPSAC-111 A fundamental study on the Control of Temperature and Humidity in Agricultural 111
greenhouses
Aneela Sarwar, Muhammad Sultan
IPSAC-112 Study on the evaporative cooling and desiccant dehumidification systems for VPD 112
control in agricultural greenhouses
Hafiz M.U. Raza, Muhammad Sultan

IPSAC-113 Energy-efficient Adsorbents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting 113
Muhammad Aleem, Muhammad Sultan

IPSAC-114 Development and Adoption of Integrated Wastewater Treatment System for Safe 114
Agricultural Reuse
Rana Muhammad Asif Kanwar, Zahid Mahmood Khan

IPSAC-115 Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Benefits and Advancements of Precision 115
Farming in Minimizing Waste and Enhancing Output
Muhammad Waqar Hanif, Zahid Mehmood Khan, Ehtesham Yaseen, Atta Ullah,
Abdul Rehman Zahoor, Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Asim, Saqib Ali,
Nadeem Zubair
IPSAC-116 Sustainable Reverse Engineering Approach for Agricultural Machinery 116
Mahmood Riaz, Shahzad Ahmad, Muhammad Khalid, Hadeed Ashraf,

Muhammad Awais
IPSAC-117 Remote Sensing and GIS approaches for effective water management and 117
preservation in newly established agriculture lands
Abdul Rehman Zahoor, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Arfan Arshad, Rana Ammar Aslam,
Atta Ullah and Umer Maqsood
IPSAC-118 Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Key Industrial Cities in Pakistan using 118
Downscaled Aura OMI Satellite, Agriculture, and Environmental Proxies
Abdul Rehman Zahoor, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Rana Ammar Aslam, Muhammad
Shahbaz, Atta Ullah, Arfan Arshad
IPSAC-119 Development and Testing of Carrot Washer for Small Scale Farmers 119
Muhammad Farooq, Kamran Ikram, Manzoor Ahmed, Yasir Niaz, Muhammad

Ashraf, Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Farwa Saeed, Abbas Ali
IPSAC-120 Environmental Control Shed Equipped with Geothermal Energy for Sustainable 120
Poultry Farming
Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Usman Farid, Muhammad Husnain Ashraf,

Abdul Ghafoor, Furqan Muhayodin, Ch. Arslan, Abdul Nasir, Hammad Hussain
IPSAC-121 Composite briquettes of banana and rice husk residue as an alternative fuel energy 121
S. Muhammad, S.H. Chatha, M. Laghari, F.A. Chandio, M. Mateen, A.A. Chohan

IPSAC-122 Performance Assess the Solar-Cum-Gas Fired Drier (solar drier) and Open Sun 122
Drying for reduce in moisture level of red chillies
H.B. Khoso, F.A. Chandio, I.A. Mari, S.A. Shaikh, F. Ahmad, S.T. Naz
IPSAC-123 Assessment of Lined and Unlined Watercourses in Terms of Conveyance 123
Efficiency and Seepage Losses
Abdul Wahid Chandio, Shoukat Ali Soomro, Farman Ali Chandio, Abdul Saboor
Soomro, Sheeraz Aleem Brohi & Muhammad Mateen
IPSAC-124 Agricultural Modernization and its influence on Agriculture Sustainability, 124
(Spinach) the Hydroponics system (NFT)
S. Ali, F.A. Chandio, S. A. Shaikh, F. Ahmad, M.H. Tunio

IPSAC-125 Robotics in Crop Harvesting 125
Altaf Hussain, Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Shahbaz Ahmad

Virk, Muhammad Ahmad Fayyaz, Muhammad Hammad, Kamran Ikram, Yasir
Niaz, Abbas Ali, Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin
Waqas
IPSAC-126 Feasibility of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil as a Substitute Fuel for Diesel Engines 126
Umair Khalid, Danish Saleem, Hashir Abdullah, Rahman Farooq, Umer Farooq
IPSAC-127 Design and Fabrication of Sugarcane Bud Cutting Machine 127
Altaf Hussain, Rizwan Ali, Muhammad Saqib, Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Abbas
Ali, Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Farwa
Saeed
IPSAC-128 Development of Machine Vision-Based Prototype Robotic Picking System for 128
Fruits
M. Ahmad Mehmood, Meer Hannan Dairath, H. Umair Sarwar, Umer Maqsood,

M. Waqar Akram
IPSAC-129 3D Finite Element Analysis of Tine Cultivator and Soil Deformation 129
M. Hashaam, M. Waqar Akram, M. Faheem, Noman Ali Buttar, Kamran Rauf

IPSAC-130 Precision Agriculture and Groundwater- Challenges and Options for 130
Sustainability in Indus Basin of Pakistan
Ghulam Zakir-Hassan, Ghulam Shabir, Saleem Akhtar

IPSAC-131 Efficient installation head using VES to Reduce the Energy Consumption Pattern 131
of Tube wells
Nadeem Zubair, Hafiz Umar Farid, Aftab Khaliq, Muhammad Waqar Hanif, Talal
Idress
IPSAC-132 Development of dynamically coupled participatory socio-economic groundwater 132
model using MARS method. A case study of Rechna Doab basin, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asif, Azhar Inam, Abdul Hannan, Qaiser Abbas, Rabeea Noor
IPSAC-133 Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction 133
Ahtisham ul Haq Zafar and Shahbaz Nasir Khan

IPSAC-134 Estimation of Rainfall-Runoff Relationship using Soft Computing Techniques- A 134
Case Study of Tarbela Dam, Pakistan
Abdul Hannan, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Asif

IPSAC-135 Converting Waste Banana Fiber into Medical Textiles 135
Faiq Anwar, Qasim Siddiqui, Rehan Abbasi

IPSAC-136 Comparative Filed Performance of Onion Nursery Transplanter to enhance crop 136
yield
Muhammad Amjad, Fiaz Ahmad, Aftab Khaliq

IPSAC-137 Machine Vision Approaches to Efficiently Manage Smart Farming 137
Shumaila Khan, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Alia Saeed, Yasir Niaz, Muhammad
Saqlain Zaheer, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah,
Muhammad Nawaz
IPSAC-138 Influence of mechanical properties of paddy soil on Tractive performance of 138
single grouser shoe at varied moisture contents under soil-bin conditions
Sher Ali Shaikh, Li Yaoming, Farman Ali Chandio, Irshad Ali Mari, Mazhar
Hussain Tunio
IPSAC-139 Development of Machine Vision based Automatic Sorting and Grading System 139
for Tomatoes
Amna, Muhammad Waqar Akram, Muhammad Hashaam

IPSAC-140 Gradient-based laser land levelling increases the water use efficiency, growth and 140
yield of cotton crop under changing climate
Shahid Saleem, Iqbal Hussain, Hafeez Ullah, Muhammad Umar Iqbal, Umair
Aslam, Muhammad Nasir, Abdul Khaliq, Syed Ahtisham Masood, Hafiz Abdul
Rauf, Adnan Noor Shah, Arifa Khan
IPSAC-141 Role of IOT Based Technologies in Precision Agriculture 141
Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas,

Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Noman Ali Butter, Shah Rasool, Shahbaz Ahmad
Virk, Abbas Ali, Basharat Ali
IPSAC-142 Assessing Climate Change Impact on Soil Salinity Dynamics in Arid Landscape 142
Between 1987 and 2017 using Remote Satellite Data and Field Observations
A. Bannari
IPSAC-143 Devastating Impacts of Drought on Agricultural Water Resources of Pakistan 143
Muhammad Imran Khan, Naeem Saddique

IPSAC-144 Future prospect of Rainwater harvesting system by coupling with solar energy 144
Sheraz Maqbool and Muhammad Imran Khan

IPSAC-145 Heat Flux Uniformity Issues in Solar Fruit Dryers 145
Muhammad Zunair Bin Saleemi, Muhammad Shahroz Khan, Mumtaz A.

Qaisrani, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
IPSAC-146 Effect of Shape on Performance of Solar Fruit Dryers 146
Muhammad Talha, Ehtisham Zafar, Mumtaz A. Qaisrani, Muhammad Umer

Farooq, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
IPSAC-147 Energy Efficient Pumping Technologies 147
Muhammad Zeeshan Ali, Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad Rustam,

Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Shumaila Khan, Muhammad Noaman Tayyab
IPSAC-148 IoT Based Monitoring of Hydroponic System for Improved Crop Productivity 148
Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Shumaila Khan, Muhammad

Noaman Tayyab
IPSAC-149 Biowaste to Biomass Energy Potential in Pakistan 149
Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Tanveer Ahmad, Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz,

Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Shanawar Hamid, Noman Ali
Butter, Basharat Ali Gill, Shahbaz Ahmad Virk.
IPSAC-150 Climate Change Impacts on Glaciers 150
Ahmad Saeed, Sadaqat Ali Shah, Faheem Liquat, Muhammad Ashraf

IPSAC-151 Sensitivity of Climate Change and Flood Risk Prospective 151
Muhammad Saifullah, Omer Farooq

IPSAC-152 Community-Based Management of Pumps and Tubewells to Promote Equitable 152
and Efficient Use of Groundwater Resources
Afifa Sajid, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas

IPSAC-153 Energy Audit of Agriculture Tubewells System for Efficiency Improvement 153
Umer Farooq, Afifa Sajid, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas

IPSAC-154 Desiccant Drying Technology for Speedy Drying of Agricultural Commodities 154
Shazia Hanif, Farrukh Ehsan, Mukhtar Hussain

IPSAC-155 Design and use of honey extractor 155
Habib Ali, Salma Ameer, Javaid Iqbal, Shahbaz Ali, Muhammad Tolic, Usama
Ahsin, Alishba Mohsin, Qirat Fayyaz, Aleena Kanwal, Aysha Younas
IPSAC-156 Development of fast analytical method for the detection and quantification of 156
honey adulteration using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometric tools
Talha Tariq, Habib Ali, Javaid Iqbal, Shahbaz Ali, Tariq Mustafa, Salma Ameer,
Muhammad Tolic, Usama Ahsin, Sadia Iqba
IPSAC-157 Control of Greater wax moth pest disease of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) of a 157
region in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Habib Ali, Salma Ameer, Muhammad Tolic, Javaid Iqbal, Shahbaz Ali, Usama
Ahsin, Alishba Mohsin, Qirat Fayyaz, Aleena Kanwal, Aysha Younas
IPSAC-158 Dietary influence on the biological parameters of pink bollworm, Pectinophora 158
gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions
Habib Ali1, Sajid Fiaz, Salma Ameer

IPSAC-159 Comparative Developmental Biology of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda 159
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), On Different Artificial Diets And Naturalplants
Abdullah Shaokat, Tariq Mustafa, Habib Ali, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad, Jam
Nazeer Ahmad
IPSAC-160 Importance of Plantation and Climate Changes, In light of Seerah of Holy Prophet 160
(‫)ﷺ‬
Mazhar Hussain Bhadroo, Muhammad Faizan ul Hassan

IPSAC-161 Plant spacing and nutrient supply optimization for increased seed quality and 161
production of seed cotton
Muhammad Waqas, Mahmood Alam Khan, Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar, Shoaib

ur Rehman, Furqan Ahmad, UmmaraWaheed, Zulqarnain Khan, Imran Hameed,
Shahid Iqbal, Sohail Irshad
IPSAC-162 Cotton seed quality and stand establishment are enhanced by boron seed priming 162
Arslan Ali, Mahmood Alam Khan, Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar, Shoaib ur

Rehman, Furqan Ahmad, Zulqarnain Khan, Muhammad Ali Sher, Ummara
Waheed, Babar Fareed, Shahid Iqbal, Sohail Irshad
IPSAC-01
A Synthesis of Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Emissions, and Net Carbon Flux in
Agriculture Comparing Tillage Practices in Punjab, Pakistan
Mustansar Abbas, Rana Ammar Aslam
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: 2019ag9035@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Agriculture is a major contributor to the carbon cycle, with tillage practices playing a crucial
role in determining the carbon balance of agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to
synthesize and compare the carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in
different tillage practices in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Carbon sequestration refers to
the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The goal of
carbon sequestration is to reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and mitigate its
impact on global warming and climate change. The study was conducted through a meta-
analysis of published literature and data collected from farmers' fields in the Punjab region.
The tillage practices compared in this study included conventional tillage, reduced tillage,
and no-tillage. The carbon sequestration was evaluated in terms of soil organic carbon (SOC)
levels, while carbon emissions were measured as CO2 and N2O emissions from soil. The
results showed that no-tillage practices had higher levels of carbon sequestration compared to
conventional and reduced tillage practices. CO2 emissions were found to be highest in
conventional tillage practices and lowest in no-tillage practices. N2O emissions were also
found to be highest in conventional tillage and lowest in no-tillage practices. The net carbon
flux was found to be positive in all tillage practices, with the highest positive flux in no-
tillage practices. This study highlights the impact of tillage practices on the carbon balance of
agricultural systems in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The findings suggest that no-tillage
practices have the potential to enhance carbon sequestration and reduce carbon emissions,
promoting more sustainable agriculture in the region.
Keywords: Carbon sequestration, Carbon emissions, Precision Agriculture, Climate change
1
Page
IPSAC-02
Novel Characteristics in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutants by Using Various Techniques
(Metabolomics and Proteomic Approaches)
Shahid Nazeer*, Muhammad Sajjad, Laiba Tanveer, Huma Anwar and Muhammad Asif
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding Authors Email: nazeershahid46@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Food security is a top priority for governments throughout the world in terms of development
and poverty reduction. Rice is important for global food and nutrition security. Rice is a
monocotyledon angiosperm plant. It belongs to genus Oryza and Poaceae family having 22
different species. Rice provides 25% calorie requirement of 50% population of the world. It is
estimated that about 40,000 rice varieties are known. Rice production is expected to reach
508.7 million tons globally. One of the most significant grain quality in rice is fragrance,
which is a crucial component in determining market pricing and is linked to both nationally
and internationally identity. Aromatic rice is very susceptible to abiotic stress, which lowers
crop yield, nutritional value and harvest index. Salinity, drought, severe temperature,
submergence and UV irradiation are the principal abiotic stressors. Rice plants, on the other
hand, have developed a number of defensive mechanisms including proline, methylglyoxal,
GABA, and calmodulin, which operate as chemical messengers and protective agents under
stressful situations. Metabolomics is one of the most important areas of research in different
omics technologies such as proteomic, transcriptomic and genomics. This research will use
newly developed GC-MS metabolomics technology for successfully correlating the genetic
and ecological variables in conjunction with the seed morphology of novel and commercially
available significant rice mutant strains for optimal protein and nutritional characterization.
Liquid, gaseous, and solid materials can all be studied with GC-MS technology. In this study,
was assessment concentration of different metabolites and aroma compounds of mutant
basmati rice by using omics technique. The metabolomics profiling of rice mutants will be
helpful in the selection of nutritionally superior rice mutants. The selected mutants will used
for developing new rice verities.
Keywords: Novel characteristics, rice, techniques, aroma, GC-MS (Gas chromatography

mass spectrometry) and mutants.
2
Page
IPSAC-03
Application of Remote Sensors in Mapping Rice Area and Forecasting Its Production
Muhammad Sajjad*, Khalid Hussain and Shahid Nazeer

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: sajjadtariq830@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Rice is one of the staple foods for more than three billion people worldwide. The application
of remote sensing in quantifying the crop health status is trending. Sensors can serve as early
warning systems for countering climatic or biological aberrations before having negative
impacts on crop yield. Remote sensing applications have been playing a significant role in
agriculture sector for evaluating plant health, yield and crop loss (%) estimation, irrigation
management, identification of crop stress, weed and pest detection, weather forecasting,
gathering crop phenological information etc. In addition, remote sensing-based methods for
forecasting rice production may help the governments, planners and decision makers to
formulate appropriate policies to quantify either how much to import in the event of shortfall
or optionally to export in case of a surplus and purchase rice sooner at a relatively cheaper
price as other rice producing countries do not have information about this upcoming need.
For these methods, either optical remote sensing-based surface reflectance or microwave
remote sensing-based backscattering is usually used in both mapping and forecasting
processes. Recent advances on the resolutions (i.e., spectral, spatial, radiometric and
temporal) and availability of remote sensing imagery have allowed us timely collection of
information on the growth and development stages of the rice crop. For elaborative
understanding of the application of remote sensing sensors, following issues were described:
the rice area mapping and forecasting its production using optical and microwave imagery,
synergy between remote sensing-based methods and other developments and their
implications as an operational one. Monitoring of vegetation cover for acreage estimation,
mapping and monitoring drought condition and maintenance of vegetation health, assessment
of crop condition under stress prone environment, checking of nutrient and moisture status of
field, measurement of crop evapotranspiration, weed management through precision
agriculture, gathering and transferring predictions of atmospheric dynamics through different
observational satellites are the major agricultural applications of remote sensing technologies.
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), leaf area
index (LAI) and General Yield Unified Reference Index (GYURI) are some of the indices
which have been used for mapping and monitoring drought and assessing vegetation health
and productivity. Remote sensing with other advanced technologies like geographical
information systems (GIS) are playing a massive role in assessment and management of
several agricultural activities.
Keywords: Remote sensing, rice yield forecasting, rice acreage mapping, rice production and
spatial coverage
3
Page
IPSAC-04
Modern Agritech as a Strategy in Addressing Climate Change and Attaining
Sustainable Agriculture
Muhammad Sajjad*, Shahid Nazeer, Huma Anwar, Laiba Tanveer and Muhammad Asif

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: sajjadtariq830@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the chief intimidations to agriculture in the vicinity of futures.
Climate change is one of the greatest threats we face today and agriculture is no stranger to
its consequences. Climate change causes a range of negative impacts on plants due to rapid
changes in temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods or drought conditions and outbreaks of pests
and diseases. These, in turn, negatively influencing agricultural productivity and quality.
Climatic extremes and high population growth significantly increase the world‘s food
demand. The effects of climate change on agriculture may depend not only on changing
climate condition but also on the ability to adapt through changes in technology and demand
for food. Therefore, fulfilling the goal of attaining food security for the present and future
generations is of prime importance. Fortunately, agricultural biotechnology provides the
sector with a range of solutions that help mitigate the effects of global warming.
Biotechnology enables creating dramatic alterations on crops to withstand stress. It is a viable
tool used to improve agricultural production. Modern Biotechnology positively reduced the
effects of climate change through the use of genetically modified stress tolerant and high
yielding transgenic crops also stand to significantly counteract the negative effects of climate
change. The development of biotechnological approaches such as marker-assisted selection
(MAS), recombinant DNA, genetic engineering, genome editing, RNA-mediated gene
silencing armored with next-generation sequencing and genome mapping have paved the way
for precise and faster genetic modifications of plants. Such intensive efforts are currently
underway creating desirable crop cultivars to meet the food demand and to support
sustainable agricultural productivity for climate change adaptation. This article aims is to
provides farmers with tools that can make production cheaper and more manageable, make
farming more profitable by increasing crop quality and may in some cases increase yields.
Biotechnology promises to provide environmental protection, improvements in human health
and address many global problems, such as food security, energy security, climate change,
aging society, infectious diseases.
Keywords: Agricultural biotechnology, Climate change, agritech and Food security

4
Page
IPSAC-05
Luobuma (Apocynum) – a cash crop for saline lands
Mohsin Tanveer1, Adnan Noor Shah2 and Lei Wang3,4,*

1
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
3
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and
Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
4
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: egiwang@ms.xjb.ac.cn
ABSTRACT
Apocynum belongs to Apocynaceae family, is known as highly stress tolerant plant genus.
Apocynum venetum L. and Apocynum pictum (Sohnenk) Baill, locally known as Luobuma,
are used as traditional medical plant and cash crops, and used for the phytoremediation of
degraded saline lands. Studies have shown that the cultivation of Apocynum as a great
opportunity for the vegetation restoration in riparian ecosystems on salinized sites. In highly
saline area, where arable crop production is nearly impossible due to high salt toxicity in soil,
cultivation of Apocynum can reduce the levels of salts in soil by accumulating in shoot or
leaves and can also provide livelihood in the form of high-quality fibre. Overall salinity
tolerance in Apocynum is associated with the regulation of redox regulation and ionic
homeostasis; however their molecular regulation has not been identified yet. Findings such as
removal of Na+ from soils and enhanced accumulation of flavonoids and antioxidants in
leaves under saline environment are useful in understanding the complex network of salt
tolerance in Apocynum. Moreover, the practical adoption and application of different sexual
and asexual propagation methods also plays an important role in the successful cultivation of
Apocynum in saline soils. To sum up, there are broad prospects for vigorously developing
Apocynum industry by utilizing saline-alkali lands and carrying out research on cultivation
technology and conservation strategy of Apocynum resources in arid lands.
Keywords: Apocynum; fiber; phytochemistry; pharmacology; propagation; salt tolerance
5
Page
IPSAC-06
Morpho-physiological and molecular approaches for overcoming stem lodging and
kernel abortion in dense maize population.
Adnan Noor Shah1*, Yasir Niaz1, Mohsin Tanveer2, Muhammad Nawaz1, Basharat Ali1,
Habib Ali1, Anis Ali Shah3, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari4
1
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
2
3
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education,
Lahore.
4
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ans.786@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
High plant density is a proficient approach to increase maize production in limited agriculture
land area countries; however this comes with a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion
by reducing the ratio of growth rate of ear to the growth rate of tassel. Stem lodging and
kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production; therefore it is very important
to control/manage stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this study, we have
evaluated various morphological, anatomical, physiological, and genetic parameters of maize
that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion. These characteristics illustrated
a considerable relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize. We
attempted to connect our theoretical idea to experimental data to provide an inclusive
summary of all the possible management approaches that can be used to efficiently control
the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. The preference of a management
choice is based on maize genotype, however, plant growth regulators and nutrients
application can also help in reducing stem lodging risk and kernel abortion in maize.
Keywords: Kernel abortion, Maize Lodging, Management, Yield, genetic and physiological
parameters.
6
Page
IPSAC-07
Exploring the role of salt stress on morpho-physiological response of wheat genotypes
Munaza Batool1*, Safdar Bashir1, Azra Parveen1, Sanober Gull2, Sanullah1

1
Department of soil and environmental science, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: mbatool@gudgk.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a main cereal crop of Pakistan. Wheat is the principal source
of food and is extensively grown, consumed and preferred in Pakistan. But due to increased
use of poor quality water for irrigation and salinization, their growth and yield is decreasing
day by day in Pakistan. Wheat is a salt tolerant cereal crop and new genotypes of wheat
having diverse salt tolerance are being developed continuously to cope with the salinity and
improving crop productivity. A pot experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil and
Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan to explore the role of salt stress
on morpho physiological response of wheat genotypes. Treatments were T1: control, T2: 6
dsm-1, T3: 9 dsm-1, T4:12 dsm-1 in a Factorial Completely Randomized Designs (CRD).
The results showed that salt stress reduced the growth parameters of wheat under saline
condition. Further the wheat genotype G2 (108) are more salt tolerant genotype because its
gain the highest shoot fresh weight, plant height, shoot length, number of spikelet‘s, shoot dry
weight, root length, 1000 grain weight chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, less
shoot Na+, while the genotype G1 (133) are salt sensitive genotype. Our findings revealed
that the genotype (108) are screened for the future to grow on salt affected soils.
Keywords: salinity, wheat, physiological response, genotypes
7
Page
IPSAC-08
Vermicomposting improve the agronomic characteristics of wheat in a sustainable
agriculture
Zuhair Hasnain1*, Iqtidar Hussain2

1
Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agrculture University Rawalpindi,
Attock Campus.
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan.
*Corresponding Author: zuhair@uaar.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
In ever year, approximately 200 million organic wastes are generated in Pakistan and this
waste is either burned or land filled, posing problem of safe disposal. This problem of waste
can be mitigated via converting it into highly valuable nutrient-rich compost in an eco-
friendly manner. Vermicomposting is one of the best methods of composting the organic
matter, which could provide many solutions to tackle the problem of safe disposal of waste
and also provide various micro and macro nutrients to plants for sustainable productivity.
Vermicompost is more economically viable, environment friendly, efficient and practically
feasible for recycling process, which involves the use of earthworms for effective recycling
of non-toxic organic solid and liquid wastes in the soil. An experiment was launched at
Attock Campus, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Attock during
Rabi 2020. There are 7 treatments of biofertilizer including control T1: no fertilizer
application, T2: FYM @2 t ha-1, T3: Green Manure @ 2 t ha-1, T4: NPK @120:90:60 t ha-1,
T5: Poultry manure @ 2 t ha-1, T6: Press mud of sugar cane @ 2 t ha-1 and T7:
Vermicomposting @ 2 t ha-1 replicated 3 times. The data about physiology of wheat about
plant height, LA, LAI, CGR and NAR remains non-significant in all treatments. The
agronomic data number of spikes, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, thousand
grain weight (g), biomass (Kg) and grain yield (Kg) was maximum in vermicomposting (T7)
than other treatments. On the basis of one year study, vermicomposting should be
recommended @ 2 ton ha-1 in sustainable agriculture system. So vermicompst allows
obtaining organic sources of nutrients which are physically, nutritionally and biochemically
improved in organic farming with reducing pollution.
Keywords: Vermicomposting, Organic waste, Sustainable agriculture, Eco-friendly, Wheat

yield 8
Page
IPSAC-09
Genome-wide Analysis of Sucrose synthesase and Invertase Gene Family, in Potato
Asad Abbas1*, Adnan Noor Shah2, Mohsin Tanveer3, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2, Anis Ali
Shah4
1
School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
2
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
3
4
Lahore.
*Corresponding Author: asadabbas20088@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The potato is one of the most important and valuable crops in terms of consumption
worldwide. Sucrose synthesase and Invertase genes plays key roles in carbon metabolism,
plant development, and responses to stress stimuli. Therefore, a comprehensive genome-wide
identification, characterization and expression analysis of invertase genes was performed in
the potato. The current study identified SUSY and invertase genes, randomly distributed
throughout the potato genome. To further elucidate their evolutionary, functional and
structural relationship within family and with other plant species, we performed sequence and
phylogenetic analysis, which segregated SUSY and invertase genes into two main groups
based on their sequence homology. Elucidating their functional divergence, tissue specific
expression analyses (RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR) of different plant tissues showed
differential expression pattern. These gene families have higher expression in flower, leaf,
root and shoot tissues, while under abiotic stress conditions, the expression of the invertase
gene is significantly upregulated. This study provides comprehensive data and knowledge
about SUSY and inveratse genes in Solanum tuberosum for future genetic and epigenetic
studies.
Keywords: solanum tuberosum; invertase genes; carbon metabolism; abiotic stress; qRT-
PCR; gene expression
9
Page
IPSAC-10
Exogenous Application of Gallic Acid Alters Growth and Nutritional Profile of Broccoli
Under Changing Environmental Conditions
Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir*, Ahsan Ahmad Awan, Ghufrana Samin, Ahmad Sayyam,
Noman Maqsood and Muhammad Asif
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

Corresponding Author‘s Email* muzammil.jahangir@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The purpose of present research work was to study the effect of foliar application of gallic
acid on two cultivars of broccoli (Sakata) and (Marathon). Distilled water separately (T0=
Control) and various concentrations of gallic acid (T1= 5mM, T2= 10 mM and T3=15mM)
were exogenously applied. The first spraying of broccoli was done on the 30th day of
transplanting followed by the next spraying on the 45th after transplanting. The results
showed that the treatment T2 (10mM) was best in enhancing plant height (cm), number of
leaves, leaf area (cm2), stem length (cm) and diameter (mm), fresh weight and dry weight of
leaves (g), yield per plant (g), days for curd initiation, weight of primary and secondary curd
(g), diameter of primary curd (cm), number of secondary curds and total soluble solids) for
both cultivars of broccoli. While in the same way the treatment T1 (5 mM) performed well in
total acidity and T3 (15mM) performed well in order to enhance the non-reducing sugars of
both cultivars. Furthermore, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants like peroxidase, catalase,
and superoxide dismutase increased in response to the application of gallic acid T2 (10mM),
resulting in significant reduction of oxidative damage at this concentration. Mineral nutrients
of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous were also found out the best in T2 (10,mM) gallic
acid concentration. The most effective application concentration of gallic acid was
determined as T2 (10 mM). To sum up Marathon cultivar of Broccoli was found the best in
terms of its physical and biochemical attributes as compared to Sakata. Overall investigations
revealed that the foliar application of gallic acid could be recommended as a sustainable
strategy to improve physical, biochemical, enzymatic the mineral contents of broccoli.
10
Page
IPSAC-11
Agro Chemicals application and its impact on Environment
Abdullah Khalid, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Saira Shehzadi, Umair Ali, Saad Abid, Zain Ul
Abidin.
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural

Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Corresponding Author‘s Email: abdullahdon13579@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Pesticides are essential in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control
weeds and insects, and they have been reported for their remarkable increases in agricultural
produce. The increase in world population in the 21st century could not have been possible
without a parallel increase in food production. About a third of agricultural products are
produced based on the application of Agro chemicals. Without the use of pesticides, there
would be a 78% loss in fruit production, a 54% loss in vegetable production, and a 32% loss
in cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing disease and
increasing crop yields around the world. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the process of
agricultural development; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and
the behavior of pesticides, their contamination and adverse effects on the natural
environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in
many parts of the world. The history of pesticides use can be divided into three time periods.
Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional
groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds
using chemical ingredients; therefore, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including
birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops.
Additionally, pesticides contamination is carried away from the target plants, resulting in
environmental contamination. Such chemical residues impact human health through
environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change related factors also
impact pesticides application and result in increased pesticides use and pesticides
contamination.
Keywords: Pesticides, Application, Production, Contamination, Climate Change.
11
Page
IPSAC-12
Assessment of the Use of Moringa Leaf Extract as Foliar-spray on Wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) under nickel stress
Sadia Khalid, Muhammad Shahbaz, Naveed Ul Hassan and Mudassar Nadeem
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Corresponding Author‘s email: mudassarnadeem187@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop and grown nearly in every region of
world and it represents a main source of food. Formers are facing challenges with their yield
because of heavy metal interaction and other abiotic stresses. Presence of hazardous heavy
metals becoming a serious health hazard as well as loss in valuable nutritious crops like
wheat. For this regard, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different
levels of Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) as foliar spray on wheat under nickel (Ni) stress.
Mitigation of nickel stress with economically and environment friendly osmoprotectant
Moringa leaf extract was addressed. Morphological attributes like root and shoot length, root
and shoot weight (fresh and dry) decreased in response to nickel stress. Nickel also reduced
photosynthetic contents such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chl a/b, total chlorophyll
reduced with stress. MLE enhanced growth of plant, photosynthetic and biochemical
attributes. Antioxidant activities CAT, SOD, POD decreased under nickel stress while
moringa leaf extract showed an increase in antioxidants activities. Ionic contents also
decreased with nickel stress, MLE boosted the concentration of sodium, calcium and
potassium ions effectively. The results from statistical findings indicated that MLE
application proposed as a useful mitigation strategy against heavy metal stress.
Keywords: Wheat, Moringa Leaf Extract, Nickel stress.
12
Page
IPSAC-13
Precision horticulture: Need for climate smart agriculture practices
Israr Ali1 *, Muhammad Tahir Akram1, Muhammad Azam Khan1, Shahbaz Atta Tung2
1
Department of horticulture, PMAS- arid agriculture university Rawalpindi
2
Department of Agronomy, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
ABSTRACT
Climate change is a main threat to nutritional and food security all over the globe. The
average temperature rise of 2 °C is being expected till 2100. This will impose a major threat
to global agricultural production. The changing climatic conditions are causing change in
monsoons and prevailing of drought, floods and melting of glaciers. Secondly, the world
population is increasing at a very high rate and it will be impossible to feed 9 billion people
in 2050. Agriculture sector is the big contributor towards changing climatic conditions as it is
producing large amount of greenhouse gasses (GHG). Cultivation of rice contributes a larger
portion towards the production of methane gas. To achieve the increasing demand of food,
the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, has also increased to increase the production of
crops, which lead towards the production of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from
agriculture that is ultimately becoming contributor towards the climate change. In this
scenario, for the assurance of food safety there is a dire need to adopt smart agricultural
practices. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) copes with the changing climatic conditions and
ensures the sustainable production of crops. CSA is imperative to gain triple-win goals of
sustainable intensification, resilience building and mitigation of greenhouse gases. CSA
strategies such as irrigation water and soil conservation techniques could improve the
livelihood and overcome the problem of water shortage. So, to ensure food safety, sustainable
production of crops and to control the changing climatic conditions it is the need to adopt the
new environment friendly climate smart agricultural techniques.
13
Page
IPSAC-14
Precision Fertilizer Application for Cotton Production in Relation to Climatic
Variations
Mueen Akram, Kashif Ali Khan*, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Yasir Ali, Abdul Basit,
Muhammad Ahmar Amin, Muhammad Murtaza, Saqlain Ahmad, Shamsha Bibi
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Layyah

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: rana13tda@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In modern era fertilizer plays a vital role in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cropping system.
Equilibrium in fertilizer application with respect to climatic change is major part of
sustainable agriculture. Improper and poorly timed fertilizer application invalidate its
beneficial effects. To compare the different combinations of fertilizers, trails of cotton were
grown in tehsil Khror Pacca, district Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. Four various fertilizer
treatments (T1: controlled T2: DAP + SOP, T3: Urea + Zn and T4: DAP + Urea + Zn + SOP)
with three replications, cotton was sown in february-2022 under loamy soil texture by using
statistical model RCBD under different fertilizer treatments. The result revealed that
precision combination of fertilizer applications of Urea, DAP, SOP and Zn in relation to
changing weather conditions in Lodhran found significant increase in T4 yield (1560 kg acre-
1) in comparison to rest of treatments T2 and T3. Precision fertilizer application (PFA) with
respect to varying climatic conditions is suitable for sustainable cotton production is a
farming system of Lodhran. The subsequent studies are also warranty to prove beneficial the
PFA for cotton production.
Keywords: precision fertilizer, cotton production, climatic variations.
14
Page
IPSAC-15
Nutrients efficiency and Agriculture Sustainability Regarding Varying Climatic
Conditions
Abdul Basit1, Kashif Ali Khan*1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Adnan Zahid2, Muhammad Abu Bakar
Zia1, Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza1, Mueen Akram1, Muhammad Murtaza1
1
College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah.
2
Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Punjab University
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: rana13tda@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
History reveals, agriculture is continuously facing a diverse number of stresses and variable
conditions that are regularly disturbing the agricultural yield as well as food sector
development. A prominent example is fluctuations of climate and forecast in influencing soil
nutrient efficiency in agriculture sustainability. Statistical data significantly depicted the on-
going adaptations by producers according to the climate change for agriculture sustainability.
Technology is majorly affecting climate in the form of development era, likewise smog, toxic
chemicals and other wastes in soil from commercial units and new technologies are
disturbing atmospheric conditions by toxic release of gases (i.e., NO, CO2, CCl2F2 and
CCl3F) and ozone depletion that are directly affecting agricultural sustainability and
production. The review indicates strategies for efficacy of nutrients application for
sustainable agriculture against the effects of varying climatic conditions. A preplanned
sympathetic correlation in sustainable agriculture and varying climatic adaptation should be
utilized to promote a progressive agriculture and well sustained food sector.
Keywords: Nutrients efficiency, varying climatic, adaptive capacity, sustainable agriculture.
15
Page
IPSAC-16
Efficiency of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on wheat growth under weeds
Competition on Sandy loam Soil
Muhammad Murtaza, Kashif Ali Khan*, Abdul Basit, Mueen Akram, Muhammad Islam,
Naeem Zafar, Samar Iqbal
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah.

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: mmurtaza224tda@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple food and major source of carbohydrates, grown on
irrigated to rain-fed and all types of soil in all over the world. Too many factors for limiting
the wheat yield as well as nutrient deficiency and weeds intensity are one of considerable
yield limiting factor. Field experiment was designed in randomized complete block designed
(RCBD) with three replications. Study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of
recommended NPK (N: 158.08, P: 113.62, K: 61.75 kg ha-1) alone and under weeds
competition against the control on sandy loam soil. Results revealed that recommended NPK
improved maximum growth indices shoot, root (fresh and dry weight) 45±5%, numbers of
tillers 60% and 40% numbers of spikelet‘s as compared to controlled treatments, furthermore,
growth indices also improved when recommended macronutrients were applied in wheat
even in weeds competition as compare to control plot. Recommended NPK application
significantly improved the biological attributes i.e., shoot, root, fresh and dry weight, early
booting stages, number of tillers, and number of spikelet‘s as compared to control in both
conditions. Statistically data comparison revealed that recommended fertilizer improved soil
fertility and enhanced wheat growth to compete weeds pressure. The precision application of
nutrients is cost-effective in improving wheat growth yield on sandy loam soil.
Keywords: precision NPK use, weeds intensity, biological attributes, wheat yield.
16
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IPSAC-17
Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystem
Hasan Tariq1*, Shahbaz Nasir Khan1, Saad Abid1, Zain-ul-Abdain1, Umair Ali1, Umer
Maqsood2
1
Department of structure and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural
Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: hasantariq689@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperatures and climate designs. These
changes may be characteristic, but since the 1800s human exercise has been the main driver
of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. Burning
fossil fuels produces fumes of greenhouse gases that act like a blanket wrapped around the
earth, trapping heat from the sun and raising temperatures. Greenhouse gas emissions that
cause climate change include carbon dioxide and methane. China is the largest emitter of
carbon dioxide gas in the world. These come from using gasoline to drive a car or coal for
heating. Waste landfills are a major source of methane releases. Emissions continue to rise.
As a result, the Earth is now about 1.1°C warmer than it was in the late 1800s. The last
decade (2011-2020) was the warmest on record. Many people believe that climate change
mainly involves warmer temperatures. But the rise in temperature is sort of the beginning of
the story. Since the Earth could be a framework, where everything is associated, changes in
one region can impact changes in all the others. The results of climate change currently
include, among others, periods of severe drought, water scarcity, severe fires, rising sea
levels, flooding, softening of polar ice, catastrophic storms and a decrease in the biodiversity,
Poverty and displacement. Switching Energy system from fossil fuels to renewables like solar
and wind will reduce emissions driving climate change. Manufacture electric vehicles to
reduce the emissions driving climate change. To save our climate, buy fewer things, shop
momentarily by hand, fix what you can and reuse.
Keywords: Fossil fuels, CO2 emission, temperature effects, emission reduction.
17
Page
IPSAC-18
Efficacy of Different Plants Extracts against American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)
under lab conditions
Muhammad Arif*, Ghulam Yasin, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar
Department of Entomology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Punjab-Pakistan

*Corresponding Author‘s email: muhammadarif.66ea@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) (Hubner) is an economically important insect,
because it causes many losses in agricultural as well as horticultural crops. For the control of
this diverse pest farmer mostly use different insecticides against American bollworm, but it
has been developed resistance against many synthetic insecticides. Best strategy to control
this pest is Integrated pest management (IPM). In the present study different plant essential
oils i.e. lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), basil (Ocimum basilicum), turmeric (Curcuma
longa), ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), diatomaceous earth (DE) and their nano emulsion
tested against H. armigera. Different concentrations of essential oil like 25% ,12.5%, 6.25
and 3.125 were applied after the interval of 24, 48 and 72-hours against 3rd instar H.
armigera under lab condition. The results showed that maximum mortality 50% was absorbed
in turmeric after 24 hours followed by DE which show the 65% mortality after the exposure
of 72 hours. Nano emulsions of turmeric, lemongrass, basil and ajwain were highly toxic and
cause significant mortality. These emulsions are environment friendly and also beneficial for
control of agricultural pests.
Keywords: American bollworm, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, Curcuma longa,

Trachyspermum ammi, Nano emulsion.
18
Page
IPSAC-19
Digital Disease Mapping of Citrus Canker from Selected Citrus Orchards in Pothowar
Amar Mehmood1, Gulshan Irshad1, Qamar-Uz-Zaman2, M. Usman Raja1, Tehmina Akbar1,

Gull e Laala1
1
Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi.
2
Vice Chancellor, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
ABSTRACT
Agriculture is one of the essential sectors for the survival of humankind. At the same time,
digitalization touched across all the fields became easier to handle various difficult tasks.
Adapting technology as well as digitalization is very crucial for the field of agriculture to
benefit the farmer as well as the consumer. Due to adopting technology and regular
monitoring, one can able to identify the diseases at the very initial stages and those can be
eradicated to obtain a better yield of the crop. Crop growth and yield are essential aspects that
influence the field of agriculture as well as farmer economically, socially, and in every
possible way. So, it is necessary to have close monitoring at various stages of crop growth to
identify the diseases at right time. But, humans naked may not be sufficient and sometimes it
would be misleading scenarios arise. In this aspect, automatic recognition and classification
of various diseases of a specific crop are necessary for accurate identification. This thought
gave inspiration for the present proposed framework. Pakistan confers with a broad range of
agro-climatic positions, diverse from tropical to temperate, allowing 20 different types of
fruits to grow. Citrus is an important fruit within the economically important family Rutaceae
and is cultivated in Pakistan on 20.0461 thousand ha with an annual production of 2.29
million tons. The citrus production level in Pakistan is at the 16th level in the production of
citrus around the world. Its production is decreasing after 2015 due to some serious Pre and
Postharvest diseases. In 2016 CABI give a red alert to Pakistan on Citrus. One of the serious
diseases that cause high losses in Citrus production is Citrus canker caused by gram-negative
bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis. Conventionally methods for plant disease diagnosis using
hand lenses till to isolation lab techniques are laborious and not predictive for fungicidal
application from time to time and make some treatment to control the diseases. By applying
Artificial Intelligence and taking 4 to 5 thousand images of Citrus canker spots from different
orchards from different plant parts fruit and leaves at a different location from pothowar.
Then resize the images and retain images in a convolutional neural network (CNN) by using
python as a computer language. A Model Citrus Fruits Detection (Multi Classification).ipynb
(CFD) developed, detects the Citrus canker disease on Citrus Plant, and also detects and gives
data about it that is it at the initial stage (Low Infection) or final stage (Severe Infection).
Keywords: Citrus; Citrus Canker; Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri; Artificial Intelligence;

CNN
19
Page
IPSAC-20
Response of Humic Acid in Combination with Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield
of late Sown Maize on Problematic Soil
Iqtidar Hussain and Saqib Raza Zaidi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP.,
Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: iqtidarhussain453@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea maize L.) is a cereal, used as staple food in Pakistan after wheat and rice; its
productivity and quality depends upon on fertility level of soil. Most of our soils are deficient
in nitrogen, zinc, and organic matter. A research experiment entitled ‗Response of Humic
acid in combination with Nitrogen and Zinc on growth and yield of maize‘ was performed at
Agriculture Research Institute., Rata Kulachi, D.I.Khan, K.P.K., Pakistan during Kharif
program 2021. The research was performed in RCBD having 3 replications and 7 treatments.
Sole humic acid (25kgha-1), Nitrogen (120kgha-1) and Zinc (5kgha-1) with recommended
dose of NPK (120:60:60) kgha-1 and in combination of these treatments. All parameters
studied found significantly better than control. Zinc application @ 5kgha-1 enhanced the
Germination %. The data regarding growth parameters, Days to maturity, CGR, NAR, LA
and LAI recorded best value in T7 (Humic acid @ 25kgha-1 + Nitrogen @ 120kgha-1 + Zinc
@ 5kgha-1 with recommended NPK). In morphological characteristics crop height, no., of
cobs-1 plant, cobs height, no., of row cob-1, no., of grains cob-1, 100 seed mass, grain
production, biological yield and HI found best significantly in T7,T6 and T5 over other
treatments. Most beneficial treatments according to BCR is also T7 (2.35). By view of our
study for one year, supplementary doses of humic acid, Nitrogen and Zinc for Maize in Agro-
edaphic condition of D.I.Khan.
Keywords: Nutrient management, humic acid, zinc, morphology, maize
20
Page
IPSAC-21
Integrated Strategies to Prevent Brown Rot in Peaches
Taj Nabi1*, Muhammad Tahir Akram1, Muhammad azam khan1, Shahbaz Atta Tung2
1
Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
2
Department of agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Corresponding Author‘s Email: tajnabi800@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Temperate fruits are the main component of horticulture sector that contributes about 2.48%
of share to the Agriculture GDP of Pakistan. However, about 30-35 % of fruits are wasted
due to post-harvest losses. In postharvest, Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is one of the
biggest threat faced by temperate fruits, especially peaches and at global it is considered a
key factor responsible for more than 50% post-harvest losses in peach. Blossoms, flowers and
fruit are the main parts of a plant that are infected by the fungus causing brown rot. The
climatic conditions, type of cultivar, stage of fruit development and management practices are
all collectively responsible for disease incidence and spread of different agronomical,
physical, biological and chemical approaches are used to control brown rot. Conventionally
hot water treatment is supposed to be effective against brown rot in peach. Pruning also
reduces the incidence of brown rot disease. After harvest, Chitson and oligochitson used as
biochemical fungicides is proved effective in controlling brown rot in peach. However, there
is a need to focus on the breeding program to develop such rootstocks and genotypes that
have resistance against this disease as it may be a sustainable solution to control brown rot.
Keywords: Brown rot; chitson; hot water tretamnet; pruning; temperate fruits
21
Page
IPSAC-22
Efficacy of Plant extracts as an Alternatives to Synthetic Pesticides in Management of
Tomato Fungal Pathogens
Rehman Khalid, Ghayass sagheer, Gul E Lala, Nayla Haneef
Department of Plant Pathology University of Poonch Rawalakot AJ&K, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has resulted in farmers losing access to niche and
prime markets due to presence of residues on fresh vegetable produce. The markets require
the produce to be aesthetically presentable, good quality, have no traces of banned pesticides
and have the required limits of chemical residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate
the effectiveness of locally available plant extracts in management of disease-causing fungal
pathogens of tomato in vitro. Plant samples from turmeric, garlic, ginger, lemon, pepper,
mint, Aloe, neem, rosemary and marigold were extracted in ethanol and concentrated using
arotary evaporator. The extracts were screened in vitro for antifungal activity against tomato
pathogens Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Pythium ultimum and
Rhizoctona solani. The crude extracts were incorporated into media and agar discs of the test
pathogens inoculated at the centre of the plate. Antifungal activity was measured as reduction
of the fungal colony radial growth after incubation. Turmeric extract was the most active and
reduced colony radial growth by up to 40% while mint was the least active. Alternaria
solaniwas the most susceptible with a reduction of colony radial growth by up to 70% while
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was the least susceptible. The study showed that plant
extracts have the potential to inhibit growth of plant pathogens. The varied activity of plant
extracts is dependent on the nature and parts of the plants used for extraction, the solvent
system and susceptibility of the test pathogens. Therefore, further explorations into our
natural environment would identify more plants with potential to manage pathogens and
could replace the synthetic pesticides and further reduce residues in the tomato fruits there by
allowing tomato farmers to redeem and maintain access to prime markets.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Chemical residues, Synthetic pesticides, Tomato
22
Page
IPSAC-23
Mitigating the adverse effects of Drought Stress in Wheat during Tillering Through
Exognous Application of Silver Nanoparticles
Muhammad Sarwar1*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan1, Hamza

Maqsood1, Hassaan Ahmad1, Basharat Ali2
1
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan
2
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: sarwar1406@gmail.om, dr.sarwar@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Drought stress is extremely damaging to wheat crops during tillering. Silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) were hypothesised to improve wheat drought tolerance during tillering by protecting
leaf physiology, water relations, and cell biochemistry from drought stress. Two wheat
genotypes, FSD-16 (relatively drought tolerant) and Galaxy-13 (relatively susceptible) were
grown in pots and, before the onset of tillering (Zodak 14), were submitted to 100% field
capacity (FC-optimal water conditions), 75% FC (mild drought stress), 50% FC (moderate
drought stress) and 25% FC and continued upto the end of tillering (Zodak 29). A day before
the onset of drought levels, all plants were sprayed with 60 ppm AgNPs. After the drought
levels were removed at the end of tillering, flag leaves from both genotypes were collected.
Leaf physiology and water relationship changes were measured to quantify drought damage
and better understand the AgNPs-induced recovery mechanism. The duration of drought
stress had a significant impact on the leaf physiology, water content, and grain yield of both
wheat genotypes studied. In comparison to optimal water conditions and mild drought stress
(averaged across), moderate and severe drought stress resulted in lower grain yield per spike
(averaged across genotypes and across both years of study). Similarly, when compared to
optimal water conditions and mild drought stress, moderate and severe drought-stressed
plants had lower flag leaf photosynthesis (averaged across genotypes and both years of
study).Severe drought stress followed by moderate drought stress resulted in significantly
greater grain yield loss in Galaxy-13 than in FSD-16 during both years of study. Foliar
AgNPs significantly restored leaf Pn, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll in drought-stressed plants by
reducing cellular membrane damage. During drought stress, AgNPs' physiological recovery
and activation of the plant defensive system protected plant growth and grain development.
Our findings suggest that the exogenous application of AgNPs can improve wheat
performance under drought stress.
Keywords: Drought-tolerance, wheat tillering, foliar spray, silver nanoparticles

23
Page
IPSAC-24
Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nitrate Nanoparticles using Plant Extracts against
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions
Aqsa Shabbir, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar*
Department of Entomology, FAST Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. 60800, Pakistan

*Corresponding author‘s email: zmsarwar@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Armyworm Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is a notorious pest of different
horticultural and agronomical crops. Synthetic insecticides are commonly used to control S.
litura, but overuse of pesticides has negative effects on environmental pollution, human
health and the emergence of insecticide resistance in the pest. Therefore, a novel strategy
should be developed to manage the S. litura population. Nanotechnology is the most
affordable approach for farmers and effective for sustainable farming to reduce this problem.
In the present study, the bio-efficacy of eight green synthesized nanoparticles along with two
different zinc oxide and silver nitrate was evaluated. Nanoparticles dissolved in distilled
water and ethanol with different concentrations, viz. 3, 5, and 7 ml and apply by leaf dipping
method against the Spodoptera larvae. Data were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The
result showed that maximum larval mortality 98% in C. citratus silver nitrate nanoparticles,
while 90% in zinc oxide C. citratusnanoparticles dissolved in ethanol solvent was recorded
against the third instar larvae of S. litura. LC50 values were evaluated for silver nitrate at
3.13 ppm, while 3.39 ppm for zinc oxide with C. citratusnanoparticles. The effect of silver
nanoparticles with ethanol showed long-lasting and toxic effects against S. litura as compared
to zinc oxide nanoparticles. This technique is a valuable device in the integrated pest
management strategies.
Keywords: Spodoptera litura;Zinc oxide; Silver Nitrate Nanoparticles;Ethanol;Distilled

Water
24
Page
IPSAC-25
Association Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Against
Salinity Stress Tolerance
Sammer Fatima1, Rizwan Shukat2, Iqra Kousar1, Shadab Shaukat3*and Irfan Shaukat4
1
Department of Botany, University of Gujarat, Pakistan.
2
National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), Faculty of Food, Nutrition &
Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, (Punjab), Pakistan
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and
Marine Science (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.
4
Department of Biochemistry, University of Narowal, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s E-mail: shadab_uaf@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) being an important crop is mostly consumed as fresh vegetable,
salads and soups. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles
on pea (Pisum Sativum L.) to alleviate salinity stress. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared
from the extracted obtained from green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves by green synthesis
method using ferric chloride. This experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of
University of Gujrat- Gujrat, Pakistan by using two varieties of pea (Meteor and Green Gold).
During the cropping season pot experiment was conducted in mid-October 2018-19 and after
eight (8) days of seed germination, salt treatment was applied. After ten (10) days of salt
treatment, iron oxide nanoparticles were applied.At seedling stages different parameters were
recorded i.e. Root lengths (cm), Shoot length (cm), Root/Shoot Length, Fresh weight of root
(g), Fresh weight of shoot (g), Root dry weight (g), Shoot dry weight (g), Root/Shoot ratio
(%).Results revealed that pea variety Meteor have better adoptability then Green Gold as it
have good root shoot ratio. Meteor performed best under salinity stress and iron oxide
nanoparticles (300 ppm NaCl+10 ppm FeO NPs) for majority of physiological traits which
showed Meteor performance under salinity was good at iron oxide nanoparticles. Results also
showed that 10 ppm FeO nanoparticles concentration is suitable and recommended to
overcome salt stress in pea. Further investigations are required to discover the most effective
method for application of iron oxide nanoparticles for yield maximization of pea under salt
stress.
Keywords: Iron Oxide, Nanoparticles,Pea and Salinity 25

Page
IPSAC-26
Evaluate the Response of Radiation Use Efficiency for Growth and Yield of Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) at Different Row Spacing under Semi-arid Conditions of
Pakistan
Muhammad Amjid1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Hassan Munir1, Sadam Hussain1, Marjan Aziz2,
Husnain Riaz3,
1.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2.
Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Pakistan
3.
Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
*Corresponding author‘s Email: amjidm70@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wheat is one of most important cereal crop and it approximately feed to three billion people
across the globe. The quantity of intercepted radiation and crop transpiration are used to
determine wheat growth. Hence, a field trial was executed during 2021-22 at Agronomy
Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to assess the radiation use efficiency for growth
and yield of promising wheat cultivars under different row spacing. Experiment was laid out
under Randomized Complete Block Design having two factors i.e., two wheat varieties
(Akbar-2019 and Anaj-2017) and four row spacings (S1=10 cm, S2=15 cm. S3=20 cm,
S4=25 cm) with factorial arrangement and replicated thrice. Data of growth and yield was
collected by using standard procedures and analysed using the Tukey‘s Honesty test (HSD) at
5% level of significance. Data was recorded including plant height, crop growth rate (CGR),
radiation use efficiency (RUE), grain yield, biological yield and thousand gain weight.
Results exposed that maximum plant height was attained by Akbar-19 at 15cm row spacing
whereas the shortest plant height was assessed in Anaj-2017 at 25 cm row spacing. For the
comparison of grain yield, biological yield it was concluded that maximum grain yield,
biological yield was attained in Akbar-19 at 15 cm row spacing as compared to the Anja-17
variety.
Keywords: Cultivars, Wheat, grain yield, crop growth,
26
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IPSAC-27
Saw-tooth Grain Beetle's Dietary Choices among different local Stored Date Varieties of
Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Ayesha Younas, Alishbah Mohsin, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*
Insect Food Waste Management Lab, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of engineering and information technology, Rahim Yar khan, 64200, Pakistan.
Corresponding Author: Muhammad Adnan Bodlah* Email: adnanbodlah@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) is considered one of the most
serious insect pests which attack different stored products all over the world. This study was
carried out in the Food waste Management lab of the Agriculture department, Khwaja Freed
University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan, to study the food
preference of five date varieties, Kupro (semi-dry dates), Aseel (semi-dry dates), Fasli (semi-
dry dates), Aseel (dry dates), and Dadhi (dry dates). The present study was based on
observing food preferences of different varieties of dates, as to get the knowledge that which
variety is more vulnerable. The feeding Preference of the Saw-toothed beetle was
significantly different with months due to temperature and moisture. Results showed that the
maximum rate of damaged dates was observed during March, because in this month
temperature increased, while the minimum rate of infected and damaged dates was observed
in the September and October months. The study revealed that Kupro and Aseel semi-dry
varieties were more attractive to saw-toothed beetles as compared to Aseel and Dadhi dry
varieties due to high sugar and moisture contents and a favorable temperature.
Keywords: Saw-toothed beetle, Rahim Yar Khan, Date varieties, food preferences,
favorable temperature.
27
Page
IPSAC-28
Impact of Oils on Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle in Safeguarding Stored Dates Fruit
Alishbah Mohsin, Ayesha Younas, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*
Corresponding Author: Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*
Email: adnanbodlah@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Essential oils, especially Tarpin oil, eucalyptus oil, black seed oil, rosemary oil, Raddish oil,
and wheat oil contain active ingredients which have fumigant-repellent activity against
insects in stores. The Saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, damaged dates in
the store. These oils are safer for both human and animal health when used to manage saw-
toothed beetle. All the treatments with the tested essential oils (Tarpin oil, eucalyptus oil,
black seed oil, rosemary oil, radish seed oil, and wheat oil) showed a significant difference
within 24, 48, and 72 hours and oil toxicity. Results showed that tested oils gave acceptable
mortalities after 3 days. The recorded results indicated that the number of insect mortality
increased with time due to the coating of the outer package surface with oils was led to good
protection against the stored product insects. This experiment confirms that these oils could
be used to control the attack of saw-toothed beetle on dates because oils play an important
role in stored date protection from insect infestation.
Keywords: Saw-toothed beetle, Rahim Yar Khan, Essential oils, insect mortality, stored
product insects.
28
Page
IPSAC-29
Toxicity of essential oils against Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), Rahim Yar
Khan.
Aleena Kanwal, Qirat Fayyaz, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*
ABSTRACT
Tribolium castaneum is a common pest of stored grain products. The Red Flour Beetle
originates from Indo-Australia and is prevalent in temperate regions, causing significant
economic losses in stored wheat grains. The insecticidal activity of Murraya exotica has also
been tested against Tribolium castaneum. Camphor and eucalyptus oils have been used to
target different stages of the red flour beetle's life cycle. We conducted a study to test the
efficacy of three essential oils, Citrullus colocynthis, Reddish, and Wheat oil, against
Tribolium castaneum by using Ethanol as a solvent for the treatment on adult red flour
beetles. We observed and recorded the mortality rates of the beetles after treating the grains
with the oils for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Our results showed that Citrullus colocynthis oil had
the highest toxic effect and mortality rate, while Reddish oil had a lower toxic effect and
mortality rate compared to Citrullus colocynthis. Wheat oil had the lowest toxic effect and
mortality rate among the three oils. Further research is needed to determine the most effective
way to eliminate this insect while maintaining the quality and yield of the stored wheat
grains.
Keywords: Tribolium castaneum, Rahim Yar khan, Citrullus colocynthis, Reddish oil, wheat
oil, Toxic oil.
29
Page
IPSAC-30
Bamboo Tube Nest Traps: A Method for Surveying Tube-Nesting Bees and Wasps in
Semi-Urban Areas of Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*, Muhammad Shahzaman Rasool, Wajid Ayoub
ABSTRACT
Tube-Nesting Bees and Wasps Collected Using Bamboo Tube Nest Traps in Ornamental
Plants. Vertical curtain-type traps were found to attract more bees and wasps to nests
compared to the haphazard bundle-type traps. The attraction of small tubes was similar
between small tube traps, which only consisted of tubes with a diameter of around 4mm, and
size mixture traps, which combined small tubes with larger tubes, suggesting that the
presence of larger species did not impact the nesting of small species. In the ornamental plant
habitat, characterized by sparse deciduous ornamental trees and an abundance of weeds,
Megachilidae, Colletidae, and Vespidae were common. In the shady garden with a prevalence
of evergreen trees such as Cassia fistula, Quercus glauca Thunb., Ficus virens, and shrubs
like Aucuba japonica Thunb., Pompilidae was abundant. These results indicate that tube-
nesting bees and wasps can serve as effective bioindicators for monitoring the environment.
Keywords: Biodiversity indicator, bee hotels, habitat preferences, Hymenoptera
30
Page
IPSAC-31
Jasmine Leaf Webworm Management with Botanical Extracts: An Investigation
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah*, Muhammad Imran, Ali Usama
ABSTRACT
Different botanical extracts and plant oils were used against the jasmine leaf webworm,
Nausunoe geometralis. Among the botanicals, Neem seed kernel extract at 5% (Azadirachta
indica) showed a high rate of mortality at 71.84%, followed by Taramira oil at 5% (Eruca
vesicaria ssp. sativa) at 66.95%, Neem leaf extract at 5% (Azadirachta indica) at 53.16%,
cactus oil at 5% (Cactaceae) at 46.41%, lemon grass oil at 5% (Cymbopogon) at 35.86%, and
coriander oil at 5% (Coriandrum sativum) showed a rate of mortality of 24.02% over the
untreated control. The application of these botanical extracts also did not show any
phytotoxic effects on plant health, such as altered plant metabolism, plant death, or growth
inhibition.
Keywords: Biodiversity indicator, bee hotels, habitat preferences, Hymenoptera
31
Page
IPSAC-32
Nesting site selection by stingless bees in Urban Areas of Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab,
Pakistan.
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah1, Muhammad Bilal Tahir2, Aneela Ashiq1, Shumaila Khan1,
Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed4, Amara Gul e Fareen2
1
Insect Food Waste Management Lab, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja
Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab,
Pakistan
2
Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
3
Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Corresponding author: adnanbodlah@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Meliponiculture, beekeeping with stingless bees has been practiced for centuries in different
parts of the world. They are found in the wild and kept by beekeepers for pollination and
higher medicinal value. These bees are found to be generalists with regard to nesting site
selection. Like honey-producing bees‘ nests, they make nets in stone or mud walls, tree
trunks, crevices, and other similar concealed places. The major components of their nests are
insulation and the nests inside the tree trunks or underground are well insulated. Due to their
tremendous natural services, and conservatory purpose and because little information
regarding their nesting site selection is present, current surveys conducted from different
localities of Rahim Yar Khan district were carried out during 2021-2022. Multiple localities
of Urban areas of district Rahim Yar Khan were targeted and surveyed with vegetation
influenced by agriculture, pasture, and urbanization in farming areas. During the survey, the
―All out search method‖ was used to track the nests of stingless bees and the residents,
beekeepers, and farmers of the study area. About 196 located nests, 78 were found inside the
wall crevices (62 mud walls, 16 plastered), 34 in the cavities of tree trunks, 24 were inside the
electric pipes, and 26 were located underground in soil cavities. The current research work
provides a baseline and will be supportive of the conservation of stingless bee populations.
Moreover, it will be helpful through uplifting of the bee species pollination services in the
better crop yields in the current study areas of the southern Punjab areas of Pakistan.
Keywords: Stingless bees, nesting site selection, Pollination, conservation, Biodiversity,

Rahim Yar Khan.
32
Page
IPSAC-33
Effect of Manure Application on Physical Parameters of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea): A
review
Muhammad Ammar Amjad, Basharat Ali, Javed Iqbal, Asma Aslam*

Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: asmak8682@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a green leafy vegetable, belongs to the Chenopodiaceae
family that is consumed by human, rich in diet and high nutritional value as it contains of
beta carotene, vitamin A, C, E, and K, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron,
Sulphur, sodium, folic and oxalic acid, proteins, and secondary metabolites, e.g., 20-
Hydroxyecdysone. This crop is also preferred by farmers because of its high biomass in few
months‘ time. Organic fertilizers such as cow manure proved to improve soil properties, help
to prevent the absorption of heavy metal in soil but have slow mineralization process.
Simultaneously it is also reported that high amount of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer can be
carcinogenic. Studies have revealed that addition of 2-3% of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer
in organic cow manure is best in this context because cow manure takes time may not be
source of nutrients like nitrogen when required at crucial growth stages. In this context
further studies should be conducted considering all these factors i.e., minimizing
environmental pollution, toxic effect of high nitrogen content, slow mineralization of cow
manure further research should be done.
33
Page
IPSAC-34
Agricultural Residue Pollution and Control Measures in Pakistan
Altaf Alam Noonari
Energy Systems Engineering Department, Balochistan University of Engineering &

Technology, Khuzdar, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Corresponding Author‘s Email: noonarialtaf@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In the rural areas of Pakistan, agricultural residue (AR) burning is a common practice. It
contributes anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Also, cause the
formation of smog and haze that effected on human health. This leads to environmental
pollution. Regarding control measures, the utilization of AR for bioenergy is an impressive
strategy. Around, 40 million tons of AR were available in Pakistan for power generation like
as, rice straw (574,0000 tons), wheat straw, sugarcane trash, cotton stalks, and banana plant
substrate (314,638 tons) etc. AR with animal manure through anaerobic co-digestion
remarkable biogas can be produced. About, one cubic meter (1m3) of biogas can be
generated 2.5KWh of electrical energy. The usage of biogas contributes to socio-economic
and environmental advantages for the community as a whole. Therefore, the study was
carried out to determine the potential of methane generation to overcome energy problems
and evaluate the benefits of bioenergy from AR. So, the rice straw with buffalo dung was
utilized for methane production through co-digestion. The methane yield was analyzed in
batch tests and results revealed that anaerobic co-digestion enhances the methane yield. The
highest methane yields of 331.6 and 346.7 mLCH4/gVS were obtained at 0.3% H2O2 and
0.4% Ca(OH)2 respectively. From this perspective, Pakistan has a huge potential to produce
methane because of the agrarian country. The digested material (effluent) is also beneficial
for agricultural fields as a fertilizer. Ignorance and lack of planning are the liable and
questionable factors from Pakistan Government. AR provides a carbon-neutral source that
will assist to stabilize the ecosystem.
34
Page
IPSAC-35
Zinc and Cow Manure mediated enhancement of biomass production, and physio-
chemical attributes in saline water stressed spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Muhammad Ammar Amjad, Basharat Ali*, Shumaila Khan, Javed Iqbal, Yasir Niaz, Asma
Aslam, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Muhammad Sajid Iqbal
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Khwaja Fareed

University of Engineering & Information Technology.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: dr.basharat@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Plant growth and productivity are limited by the severe impact of salt stress on the
fundamental physiological processes. An open field pot experiment was executed to quantify
the biomass production of spinach on cow manure along with Zinc against NaCl salt-waters
(EC 8.0 dS m-1). Spinach plants were irrigated with defined EC levels at 80% field capacity
of a clay loam, non-saline soil. Zinc supplementation is one of the promising techniques to
improve the resilience of plants under salt stress. This study deals with the response of
exogenous Si applications (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) on growth, gaseous exchange, ion homeostasis
and antioxidant enzyme activities in spinach grown under saline conditions (150 mM NaCl).
Salinity stress markedly reduced the growth, physiological, biochemical, water availability,
photosynthesis, enzymatic antioxidants, and ionic status in spinach leaves. Salt stress
significantly enhanced leaf Na+ contents in spinach plants. Supplementary foliar application
of Si (4 mM) alleviated salt toxicity, by modulating the physiological and photosynthetic
attributes and decreasing electrolyte leakage, and activities of SOD, POD and CAT.
Moreover, Si-induced mitigation of salt stress was due to the depreciation in Na+/K+ ratio,
Na+ ion uptake at the surface of spinach roots, and translocation in plant tissues, thereby
reducing the Na+ ion accumulation. Foliar applied Si (4 mM) ameliorates ionic toxicity by
decreasing Na+ uptake. Overall, the results illustrate that foliar applied Si induced resistance
against salinity stress in spinach by regulating the physiology, antioxidant metabolism, and
ionic homeostasis. We advocate that exogenous Si supplementation is a practical approach
that will allow spinach plants to recover from salt toxicity.
35
Page
IPSAC-36
Pathogenicity of mycoproteins of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to
Bactrocera zonata
Muhammad Wajid1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1*, Shafqat Saeed1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Waqas
Wakil2, Muhammad Yasin3, Ahamed Mohammed4,5,7
1.
Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
2.
Dept of Continuing Education, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
3.
Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
4.
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O.
Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: qayyum.mirza@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The current study revealed the potential release of mycoproteins of B. bassiana and M.
anisopliae and their lethal effects on B. zonata. After inoculation and precipitation of crude
proteins in 95% (NH4)2SO4 at 25° C, the crude samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. The
gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the presence of low molecular weight bands of 11kDa
and 25kDa proteins from B. bassiana and M. anisopliae respectively. The pathogenicity of
mycoproteins from B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was evaluated when second instar larvae,
3day old pupae and 3day old adults were subjected to protein concentrations. The larval
bioassays revealed that significant maximum mortality of 73.3±3.3 and 86.6±3.3 was
recorded at interval of 7 days when fed @ 10µl/g of Bb and Ma proteins respectively. Low
adult emergence of 33.3±4 and 37.5±5.3 was observed when 3day old pupae were treated
with proteins @ 30µl of Bb and Ma at an interval of 10 day. Low mortality of 38.0±3.7 and
48.0±5.8 was recorded when 3day old adults (♂and♀) were exposed to 30 μl protein from Bb
and Ma at an interval of 10 days respectively. The findings of the study conclude the
production of proteins and their pathogenic effects. The melanization of the larval tissues,
abnormal adult emergence and deformation in wing structures were found symptomatic after
ingestion of the proteins. However, the purification process of these proteins, their
persistence with respect to environmental regimes and their evaluation under the field
condition further are needed to be investigated.
Key words: B. zonata, B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, crude proteins, SDS-PAGE, pathogenicity.

36
Page
IPSAC-37
Micro/nanoplastic Pollution in Soil Environment Poses a Serious Threat to Insect’s
Ecosystem Services and Their Decline
Abrar Muhammad
Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University,

Hangzhou, China
*Corresponding Author‘s E-mail: abrar_ento334@zju.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
Micro (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<1 µm) (MNPs), originating from the fragmentation of
macroplastics litter or from direct environmental emissions, have emerged as major
environmental contaminants due to their potential toxic effects on the environment and biota.
Although the study of the effects of MNPs have increased in the last few years, their potential
impacts in terrestrial ecosystemsremain largely unexplored. In fact, their effects on the most
abundant group of animals ―the insects‖ that provide any ecosystem services, remain
underexplored. Given the prevalence of MNPs in the ecosystems (both aquatic and terrestrial)
may pose unique ecological, environmental, and economic challenges, especially to the
biodiversity and ecosystem services of the insects. The available studies seem to show that
different groups react differently to MNPs contamination, which clearly indicates that the
effects in ecosystem services provided by insects need a more empirical and targeted
approach. Moreover, the geographic extent and magnitude of insect declines are
largelyunknown, that‘s why there is an urgent need for monitoring efforts, especially
acrossecological gradients, which will help to identify important causal factors indeclines. In
vivo studies exploiting insect model(s) and high-throughput omics technology(Genomics,
Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Proteomics, collectively referred to as Toxicomics in
Toxicology) will uncover the unique interplay between MNPs and the biological system,
their potential threat to biodiversity decline and ecosystem services, facilitate the application
of insect model systems in environmental monitoring, as well as reinforce the calls to reduce
the misuse of plastic materials in the terrestrial ecosystem.
Keywords: Emerging pollutants, Invertebrate animal model, Biological interactions,

Toxicomics, Toxicity mechanisms, Environmental monitoring
37
Page
IPSAC-38
Eucalyptus Globulus and its Extracts Applications in Medical Treatment
Marium Javed*
Department of Biochemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information

Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s Email: mariumjaved05@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Eucalyptus Globulus belongs to genus Eucalyptus and the family Myrtaceae. Genus
Eucalyptus successfully introduced more than 700 species. It has a lot of medicinal uses. In
vitro antioxidants, anti-inflammatory activity, and phytochemical constituents are studied to
estimate phytochemical constituents in methanolic leaf extract of eucalyptus globulus. The
antioxidant activities of plant extract checked the scavenging of various free radicals. Total
phenol content estimation and total flavonoid estimation check phytochemical constituents.
Fluorescent analysis, FT-IR, and UV-VIS were also conducted. The results of a
phytochemical analysis were that Flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, and saponins were
discovered by phytochemical testing. There were significant amounts of phenolics (50 mg
equivalent per gram of dry weight) in the extract and flavonoids (23 mg equivalent per gram
of dry weight). This work aimed to determine the bioactive potential of essential oil derived
from E. globulus leaves in terms of antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa,
antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals, and anticancer activity against human lung cancer
cells (A549). The pharmacological study of extracted essential oil discovered the
ethnomedicinal benefit of eucalyptus oil for antibacterial and anticancer properties.
Key words: Eucalyptus Globulus; Genus Eucalyptus; Anticancer
38
Page
IPSAC-39
Effect of nicotinic acid on physiological, biochemical, growth and yield of wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) under normal and water limited conditions
Nouman Khurshid1, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari1, Adnan Noor Shah2, Wajid Naseem Jatoi3,
Zafar Malik4
ABSTRACT
Drought is a worldwide problem, constraining global crop production seriously. A study

comprising of a pot experiment was designed to explore the effect of nicotinic acid on
different metabolic, biochemical processes, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
under normal and water limited conditions. The current study was planned and carried out at
the Research Farm Area, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Drought is the key factor which diminishes
the growth, yield and ultimately production of wheat crop. To reduce the adverse effect of
water limited stress exogenous application of nicotinic acid was applied through different
methods i.e. foliar and fertigation (soil application). The foliar application was applied @
NA1= 0.7368gL-1, NA2= 1.477gL-1, NA3= 2.2159gL-1 whereas, fertigation was done
@NA4= 0.4924gL-1, NA5= 0.9848gL-1, NA6= 1.4773gL-1at anthesis growth stage and
control (NA0= No-Nicotinic acid application) treatments. Collected data were analyzed
statistically followed by standard procedures to understand the mitigating effect of nicotinic
acid under water limited stress. The results obtained from the experiment were revealed that
foliarly applied nicotinic acid (T3 @NA3= 2.2159gL-1) performed best under both normal as
well as water limited conditions such as root length (14.8 cm), shoot length (70 cm), root
fresh weight (4.30 g), root dry weight (1.41 g), shoot fresh weight (65.6 g), shoot dry
weight(7.81g), root surface area (245 cm2), root volume (18.56 cm3), root diameter (3.71
mm), no. of root tips (4318), spike length (12.90 cm), no. of grains spike-1(38.40), no of
spikelet‘s spike-1 (21.70), no. of tillers plant-1 (9.03), 1000 grain weight (58.20 g), biological
yield (14.10 kg ha-1), grain yield (13.40 kg ha-1), harvest index (56.70%), SPAD value
(50.60), relative water content (81.03%), leaf water potential (38.70 -MPa), leaf area (35.50
cm2), MSI (84.33%), CAT (4.90 mmol g¬-1 F W-1), SOD (147.0 µg F W-1), POD (181.0 g-
1 FW min-1), APX (73.60 mmol g-1F W), stomatal conductance (292 mmol m-2 S-1),
internal carbon dioxide concentration (216 µmol mol-1), photosynthesis rate (19.90 µmol
CO2 m-2S-1) and transpiration rate (5.30 mmol CO2 m-2S-1) as compared to T3 stressed
plants. 39
Page
IPSAC-40
Growth Performance Improvement of Cobb Broilers with Dietary Zinc Sulfate
Enrichment
Baila Ahmad, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Zulfiqar Ahmad
Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Zinc (Zn) does not retain in meat, hence its continuous supplementation in the broiler diet is a
necessary evil, otherwise, broilers undergo serious growth defects and poor performance. The
current study aimed at improving the growth performance of Cobb broilers through the
dietary inclusion of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to the four treatment groups, namely – T0 (0
ppm), T1 (10 ppm), T2 (20 ppm) and T3 (40 ppm). Each group comprised of thirty 21-day
(d) old broilers (ten chickens per replicate) fed Zn supplemented diet till 42 days (d) of age.
The growth performance parameters were examined on d 21, 28, 35, and 42, while the organ
weights were examined post-slaughter on d 42. During the 21-d rearing period, Zn
supplementation at 40 ppm levels exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) improved growth
performance of the broilers, as compared to the non-supplemented control. Among all the
treatments, T3 exhibited the best results in terms of the highest (p<0.05) weight gain (WG),
and weight gain percentage (WGP), but the lowest (p<0.05) feed conversion ratios (FCR) in
the final week of the growth period. Furthermore, Zn addition in the basal feed did not
negatively influence the LBW, ADFI and the organ weights of the broilers. In conclusion, 40
ppm Zn dose was determined to be the ideal dose as it yielded better broiler growth
performance which can potentially benefit the poultry farming industry.
Keywords: Zinc deficiency; Zinc supplementation; Broiler Growth; Zinc Enrichment;

Dietary Zinc; Growth Performance.
40
Page
IPSAC-41
The Increasing Hunger Concern and Current Need in the Development of Sustainable
Food Security in the Developing Countries
Abdul Rahaman
School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology,

Guangzhou, China
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: rahaman_knabdul@ymail.com
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide. Recently, international agencies have
revealed that poverty and hunger could kill more people than COVID-19 victims. Many
global workforces have lost their jobs during this pandemic situation. In developing
countries, most of the workers and their families live hand to mouth, depending on daily
wage, and loss of income would be a hunger pandemic. Globally, the proportion of
undernourished and hungry people have been on an upswing due to climate changes and
violent conflicts. The millions of people are facing chronic malnourishment and COVID-19
menaces undermining the endeavour of philanthropic and food security. COVID-19 has
increased the risk of livelihood by the shortage of food and distraction of the supply chain
especially in the developing countries where rural expanses depend on agriculture production
and seasonal jobs. So, if they are forced to limit their activities, their livelihoods will be
demolished. COVID-19 is increasing the jeopardy of food prices over the world, which
would prompt a crisis in several developing countries. The government organizations in
developing countries are doing well to protect people from the current pandemic. But they are
also in critical situation regarding food supply chains and are facing difficulties in providing
nutrient-rich foods. The susceptible people are fraught to secure household income and
manage their food. In this review, we have explored the food security approach, food supply
chain and risk of food shortage. Every country in the world needs to implement effective
interventions to maintain open trade and food supply chains, ensure access to nutrients for all
at affordable prices and develop co-operation to preserve the flexibility of universal food
markets.
Keywords: COVID-19, Food security, Hunger, Sustainable development, Food supply
41
Page
IPSAC-42
Preparation of Compost using Kitchen Waste
Murtaza Ahmed and Shahbaz Nasir Khan
Department of Structures & and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ahmadmurtaza923@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Pakistan produces around 48.5 million tons of solid waste each year with an annual increase
of more than 2%. Pakistan like certain other developing nations, requires waste disposal
technology, resulting in significant environmental issues. Various methods are used for
managing waste such as land filling, incineration, and composting. Most municipal waste is
incinerated, dumped, or deposited in empty houses endangering the safety and health of
human public. As a result, composting is the most effective method. Compost is decomposed
organic material such as leaves grass clippings and kitchen waste. As it helps to add nutrients
to the soil, recycle kitchen waste, good for environment, promotes healthier plant growth,
reduce waste, conserves water. Pakistan is indeed an agrarian country with estimated 63
percent living in rural areas. As a result, organic waste can be utilized to boost crop health,
increase soil nutritional content, and improve soil conditioning. The present research was
intended to prepare nutrient rich manure using the kitchen waste which can be harmful for the
environment if it is left openly in the environment. Different types of kitchen waste materials
(shredded) were used and separated into four different pots. Egg shells and neem leaves were
added in two pots with all other kitchen waste and in the other two pots we did not add these
two things, watering it and left it in sunlight so that it can proceed its natural process of
decomposing by maintaining its moisture content between 60-70%. According to California
resources recycling and recovery department some pesticides remain unbroken once turned
into compost, which can damage plants and soil. So, to stay on the safe side, we recommend
preparing organic compost. With the small investment of time, it can contribute to the
solution to a community waste disposal problem, while at the same time enriching the soil
and improving the health of your garden and yard. It also helps to reduce some harmful
bacteria that can effects environment.
Keywords: Compost, Solid waste management, Municipal solid waste, pesticides

42
Page
IPSAC-43
Effect of Soil/Foliar Fertigation of Silicon Dioxide Nano-Fertilizer on Biochemical and
Physiological Attributes of Camelina sativa L. in Industrial Zone
Javed Iqbal1*, Basharat Ali1, Yasir Niaz1, Kainat Mohsin2, Nadia Hussain2, Saba Arshad2,
Aziz-ur-Rehman3, Aqeela Shaheen2*, Adnan Noor Shah1, Muhammad Nawaz1, Muhammad
Saqlain Zaheer1, Habib Ali1, Noman Ali Buttar1 and Adeel Anwar4
1.
2.
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, 63100,
Pakistan
3.
Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
4.
Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Nano-fertilizers not only improves growth, yield and quality attributes of the crops but also
play a significant role in increasing antioxidant potential, nutrient use efficiency, reduction in
fertilizers‘ wastage and cultivation cost. Current project was designed to synthesize silicon-
based nano-fertilizer incorporating o-vanillin and its Schiff base. The synthesized moieties
were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR, UV, SEM&
XRD). Different concentrations of o-vanillin, its Schiff base and their silicon nanoparticles
(0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) were applied to Camelina sativa L. under various biotic and
abiotic stress conditions. Results confirmed that an optimum concentration of 0.75% of
SiNPs incorporating o-vanillin Schiff base provide larger surface area for plants‘ metabolic
reactions resulting in highest rate of photosynthesis (led to improved growth and yield up to
31-40%), up-regulating gene expression (resulted in reduced uptake of VOC & heavy
metals). Also antioxidant enzyme activities were increased up to 45%. These results confirm
that an optimum concentration of SiNPsis advantageous for healthier growth and yield of
Camelina sativa L.
43
Page
IPSAC-44
Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-waste Incorporated Poly-ethylene glycol / Pectin
Composite
Naveela Nasr1, Aqeela Shaheen1*, Javed Iqbal2*, Basharat Ali2, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad
Mohsin Waqas2, Muhammadi babi3, Adeel Anwar3, Iqra Anwar1 and Imran Mahmood3
1.
Pakistan
2.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, KhwajaFareed University of Engineering and
3.
ABSTRACT
Biodegradable plastics being having excellent mechanical properties, good oxygen & water
barrier capacity, low-cost and potential to degrade by microbial activity, so, being driven
these days. The project was designed to synthesize biomaterial based biodegradable films
modified with pectin/PEG via solution casting method. Different concentrations of orange
and potato peel powder were used to make PPO1, PPO2, PPO3, PPP1, PPP2, and PPP3 films.
FTIR and SEM analysis was done for film characterization. The thickness, percentage
swelling index and biodegradation rate was also examined. The SEM results showed that the
surface of the PPO3 film was uniform. FTIR spectra illustrated–OH peak at 3392 and 3341
cm-1. Ester stretching vibrations were seen from 1737 to 1718 cm-1, while –C=O, –C=C, and
–C–N were found at 1718, 1653 &1294 cm-1, respectively. The synthesized films had
thickness between 0.113mm and 0.123mm and percent swelling index between 11.11-30%.
The films were found to be highly resistant to water. Biodegradation rate was also examined,
which was up to 90% after 30 days. The synthesized films were also assayed for biological
activities. Among all the samples, PPO3 has shown greater inhibition against various gram-
positive and gram-negative bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,
Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal strains i.e. Aspergill usniger,
Rhyzopus, and Yeast. It was observed that all films slow down the growth and activity of
fungi on apple slices. Therefore, these synthetic films can be the best solution for using as
food packaging materials.
44
Page
IPSAC-45
Investigating the Impact of Biochar Application on Growth & Yield Attributes of
Mustard, Soil Fertility, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Punjab Zone
Javed Iqbal1*, Basharat Ali1, Yasir Niaz1, Iqra Anwar2, Sawaira Dastgir2, Aqeela Shaheen2*
Adnan Noor Shah1, Muhammad Nawaz1, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer1, Habib Ali1, Noman
Ali Buttar1 Muhammad Ashraf1 and Adeel Anwar3
1.
2.
Pakistan
3.
ABSTRACT
Climate smart agriculture management practices have been widely used to enhance soil
organic carbon sequestration and to reduce greenhouse emission ensuring crop productivity.
The current project was designed to examine the influence of biochar application on growth
&yield attributes of mustard, soil fertility and greenhouse gas emissions in the Southern
Punjab zone, which is characterized by a warmer climate and lower nitrogen inputs.
Feedstock for biochar production was solid kitchen food waste. Three treatments used for the
analysis a) without fertilizer (control), b) synthetic fertilizers and c) addition of biochar.
Above ground biomass and yield of mustard was significantly improved up to18-30% relative
to control treatments. Grain yield, leaf chlorophyll, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon
content were also found to be significantly upgraded up to 15-25%. Emission of CO2 and
N2Owas higher than control and even by synthetic fertilizers. In a nutshell, biochar-based
soil management can improve SOC, soil nutrients, mustard growth and yield and may help to
mitigate greenhouse gas emission.
45
Page
IPSAC-46
Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Film Ag-Nanocomposite Stabilized with
Cellulose for Potential Use in Water Treatment
Aqeela Shaheen1*, Saba Arshad1, Kainat Mohsin1, Javed Iqbal2*, Basharat Ali2, Jaffar Sattar2
and Abbas Ali2
1.
Pakistan
2.
ABSTRACT
Cellulose is the major component of plants. Bacteria and fungi are also composed of
cellulose. In current study, cellulose was extracted by an alkaline method from various plant
parts of coriander, spinach and pea pods. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from
extracted cellulose by using 0.01M AgNO3 solution. The synthesized AgNPs were
characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV-VIS, and SEM techniques. The cellulose incorporated
NPs were used for the formation of thin film by adding specific ratio of glycerol and potato
starch using solvent casting method.Thin film was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR
techniques. Various thin film nano-composite properties like tensile strength (18 MPa), water
vapor permeability (0.51), thickness (0.091) and biodegradability (95%) etc. were also
examined. The synthesized film was used for the removal of dyes from waste water.
46
Page
IPSAC-47
Biosorption Studies of Pectin Polysaccharide Mucilage for Arsenic from Drinking
Water
Saba Hussain1, Rabbiya Khurshid1, Aqeela Shaheen1*, Shehzadi Fatima1, Javed Iqbal2*
Basharat Ali2, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2, Muhammadi babi3, Adeel Anwar3,
Iqra Anwar1 and Imran Mahmood3
1.
Pakistan
2.
3.
ABSTRACT
A continuous increasing concentration of arsenic in groundwater is creating major health
risks to human population. There is a need to reduce arsenic level in drinking water. We
investigated the use of pectin polysaccharide extracts from Aloe Vera mucilage, for the
removal of arsenic. In batch tests, two extracts—a gelling extract (GE) and a non-gelling
extract (NE)—were applied to arsenate solutions. After equilibration, the amount of arsenic at
the air/water interface was measured. The average arsenic concentration at the air–water
interface increased in the GE and NE treated solutions by 19% and 10%, respectively,
showing that the mucilage bound and transported the arsenic there. According to FTIR
analyses, the mucilage's CO (carboxyl and carbonyl) and OH (hydroxyl) functional groups
played a role in its interaction with the arsenate. In weakly basic (pH 8.7) and weakly acidic
(pH 5.7) pH conditions, mucin activity was higher. Arsenic removal from drinking water can
be achieved through the optimization and harnessing of this interaction. This research paves
the way for the removal of anionic metallic species from water using natural pectin materials.
47
Page
IPSAC-48
Effect of Weeds Management Practices in Different Wheat Cultivars under Agro climatic
Conditions of D.I. Khan, KP., Pakistan.
Iqtidar Hussain and Muhammad Jawad Nazir
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan,

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: iqtidarhussain453@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Weeds are the major pest in achieving higher yield of any crop. Yield losses have been
reported from 5-100% indifferent crops by weeds. To study the effect of weed management
practices on weed control in wheat, an experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research
Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, for the year 2019-20 and 2020-
21. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The factor
included in the experiment were varieties (Bakhtawar-92, Galaxi-13 and Fakhar-e-Bhakhar)
being assigned to main plots while herbicides such as broad spectrum herbicide, (2,4-D 72
EC+ Isoproturon 75 WP @623 and 649 g a.i. ha-1, respectively). Broad leaf herbicide, (2,4-D
72 EC @ 711 g a.i. ha-1), grasses weeds herbicide, (Isoproturon 75 WP @968 g a.i. ha-1),
and weedy check (no herbicide) were applied in sub plots.The experiment was planted on 15
November in both years at Dera Ismail Khan. Data were recorded on weed density and some
Agronomic, morphological and physiological traits of wheat. The data for the individual trait
were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated by LSD.
Variety Fakhar-e-Bhakhar was more productive and profitable than Bakhtawar-92 and
Galaxi-13. It‘s produced higher number of tillers m-2 (6% and 13%) grain yield (5% and
10%) over Galaxi-13 and Bakhtawar-92 respectively. The plots sown to Fakhar-e-Bhakhar,
which is tallest and has vigorous early growth had lesser number of grasses and broad leaves
weeds than other varieties. The application of broad-spectrum herbicide consistently
controlled both grasses and broad leaf weeds in all varieties. The increase in number of tillers
m-2 (17%), number of productive tillers m-2 (18%), spikelet‘s spike-1 (5%), 1000 grain
weight (4%), biological yield (19%), grain yield (21%), straw yield (18%), harvest index
(11%), and net profit (32%), over weedy check was due to application of broad-spectrum
herbicide, which controlled both grasses and broad leaf weeds. The interaction effect of broad
spectrum herbicide with variety Fakhar-e-Bhakhar produced significantly higher grain yield
(24%). In the light of findings, it is suggested that for the weed management in wheat, the
broad-spectrum herbicide may be useful and beneficial treatment to obtain maximum output.
Keywords: Weeds, Management, Wheat, Cultivars, Herbicides, Grain yield.

48
Page
IPSAC-49
Immobilization of animal liver esterase with electrospunpullulan nanofiber and its
application in the detection of carbaryl
Jun Wang 1, Yaming, Yuan 1, Songnan Li2*

1.
School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
2.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the
Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology
Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
*Corresponding authors-mail: lsnyz2020@yzu.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
With the increasing use of pesticide in agricultural production, the problem of pesticide
residue is becoming more and more serious. As a carbamate pesticide, carbaryl is widely used
because of its broad spectrum and high efficiency. However, carbaryl residues in food lead to
its enrichment in human body and damage to human health. Therefore, the determination of
pesticide residues for carbaryl is of great significance. In this paper, gooseliver, chicken liver
and pig liver were used to extract esterase by hierarchical salting out and dialysis. In the
concentration range of 0.5~10 mg/L carbaryl, the detection limit of chicken liver esterase was
the lowest (0.29 mg/L), which was used for the next experiment. Then chicken liver esterase
(E) and pullulan solution (P) were mixed in different proportions and immobilized by
electrospinning. The average diameters of pullulan composite nanofibers with two different
kinds of chicken liver esterase addition (High: 4P3E and low: 4P1E) was 75.62 nm and 70.39
nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscope-energy spectrum analysis presented that
chicken liver esterase was distributed evenly in pullulan composite nanofibers. The inhibition
response of carbaryl with different concentrations (0.5-10 mg/L) showed that the inhibition
rate of carbaryl to 4P1E was less than 4P3E, but the detection limit of 4P1E (0.81 mg/L) was
better than 4P3E (1.10 mg/L), which could be further considered for product optimization
and effect evaluation to the actual carbaryl detection. Therefore, electrospun nanofiber
immobilization can be used as a new immobilization technology of animal esterase, aiming to
provide a theoretical basis for detection of pesticide residues.
49
Page
IPSAC-50
Bio management of Pythium Root Rot disease in Tomato Mill using Epicoccum
purpurascens
Muhammad Nazir Uddin1*, Fida Hussain3, Shumaila Gul1, Fahmeeda Kausar1, Wajid Khan1,
Muhammad Rizwan1
1.
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat
2.
Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology.
3.
Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
ABSTRACT
Epicoccum purpurascens isolated from infected tomato field of Swat region has been
investigated for its pathogenicity potential against Pythium spp. in in vitro and Screen house
conditions. Five isolates of fungus were isolated from 15 locations. Culture filtrates of all
these isolates were evaluated for growth inhibition of Pythium spp. Serial dilution (0, 40, 60,
80 and 100 %) were tested. Maximum growth inhibition was recorded in EP-1 with 57.76%
and minimum in EP-3 with 55.66%. Effect of temperature on growth of Epicoccum
purpurascens showed that maximum growth for all isolates was observed at 37⁰C with
OD600 range 0.23 to 0.28. whereas optimum was pH 6.5 recorded with OD600 range 0.21 to
0.27. Histopathological examination on the interaction of the Epicoccum purpurascens and
Pythium spp., showed visible cellular alteration among treatments. Both Epicoccum
purpurascens and Pythium spp., established their selves on the surface on root system at the
initial phase and later they showed endophytic growth. Treatment with Pythium spp., and
Epicoccum purpurascens showed that both fungi spread over the outer surface of root. A few
pathogenic hyphae succeeded to penetrate and enter into the epidermis region and established
itself in the epidermis and cortex of the root with little damaging the cells. A little cellular
alteration in the cortex and vascular tissues when compared with treatment with only Pythium
spp. No histological alterations were observed in healthy plants and plants treated with
Epicoccum purpurascens alone. The isolate EP-1 of Epicoccum purpurascens was selected
for screen house trail for determine biocontrol potential against Pythium spp. Results
indicated E. purpurascens significantly improved overall agronomic features and yield
component of tomato crops in the screen house.
Keywords: Epicoccum purpurascens; Pythium spp; Histopathological; screen houses

50
Page
IPSAC-51
Simulation Study of Salt Movement and Root Water Uptake of Drip and Basin irrigated
mangoes
S. A. Soomro, M. S. Mirjat, M.A. Mangrio, M. A. Talpur
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: sasoomro@sau.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Pakistan has been facing acute shortage of irrigation water, due to mismanagement and using
flood irrigation applications, so it is needed to find out an efficient irrigation method to cope
up with this issue. In this regard, this experimental study was carried out during September
2017 to August 2019.The treatments (16) were factorial combined with three replications in
completely randomized design (CRD). The study comprised of two irrigation methods (Drip
and Basin), two basin geometries (Square and Circular), two varieties of mango (Sindhri and
Chaunsa) and two stages of the growth (Young and Mature). Young plants (about one year
old) were transplanted in the experimental field of Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, while
mature mango plants (more than ten years old) of both varieties were selected and marked at
horticultural garden of Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The drip irrigation system
was installed with one lateral line having two emitters for young mango plants, while two
circular peripheries of lateral lines having four emitters in each lateral line for mature mango
plants. The radius of the first and second periphery around tree was 60 cm and 150 cm,
respectively. The radius was settled in such a way that entire area under canopy of mature
mango tree could be irrigated. The discharge of each emitter was 4 Lh-1. The emitters were
tested individually as well as collectively for six different flow durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
hours to observe the moisture distribution pattern. Fifty soil samples were collected at 10, 30,
60, 90, and 120 cm depths with the distance of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm from two opposite
sides of each emission point in straight line. The root water uptake factor was determined,
and the data were put into the model and compared. For the salute movement the soil samples
were taken at different soil depths and distances from emittion points under drip irrigation
method and randomly under basin irrigation method then analyzed and compared with model
simulation. Plant uptake and solute movement was quantified and simulated through
HYDRUS-2D. The characteristics of soil such as texture, density, field capacity, porosity,
infiltration rate, available water and permanent wilting point were clay loam, 1.31 g/cm3,
26.5%, 49%, 8mm/h, 12.41% and 13% respectively. The simulated root water uptake under
drip irrigation method was 1.33 cm/day as compared with basin irrigation method which was
0.89 cm/day. The simulation for salt movement showed less fluctuation of salts within the
root area of the mango plants under drip irrigation method as compared to basin irrigation
method.
Keywords: Simulation, Salt movement, Root water uptake, drip and basin, orchards
51
Page
IPSAC-52
Evaluation of Sustainable Technologies for Rice Production System in Pakistan
Nadeem Akbar1,2, M. Ishfaq1,*, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary2, Ahmad Waqas2 and Umar Draz2
1.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
2.
Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ishfaq2727@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The traditional cultivation system for rice production in Pakistan is less efficient and more
expensive. The experiment was laid under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
under a split-plot arrangement. In 2017 experiment, different water management techniques
(continuous flooded > -10 kPa soil moisture tension (SMT), alternate wetting and drying
(AWD) -20 kPa SMT and aerobic rice -40 kPa SMT) were analyzed under conventional
transplanted rice (TPR) and dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) production systems while in 2018
experiment nitrogen management (NM0: Control, NM1: 50 kg ha-1 (Basal), NM2: 100 kg
ha-1 (Basal), NM3: 150 kg ha-1 (Basal), NM4: 100 kg ha-1 (40% Basal+ 30% at Tillering +
30% at panicle initiation), NM5: 150 kg ha-1 (40% Basal + 30% at Tillering + 30% at panicle
initiation)) was evaluated under TPR and DDSR. Standard procedures were used to collect
and analyze the data regarding growth, phenology, agronomic, milling recoveries, quality,
yield, water, nitrogen use efficiency and economics parameters. Data collected were analyzed
using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques and Tukey‘s (HSD) test was applied at 0.05
probability level to compare the treatment means. The results revealed that in both years,
DDSR produced higher yields (13-18%) and reduced the total water inputs (8-12%) in
comparison to TPR. The DDSR crop matured 3-9 days earlier than the conventional TPR.
Irrigation threshold of AWD under DDSR reduced total water input (27-29%), yield (7-9%),
water productivity (44-50%) and also improved the leaf area index and tillering density as
compared to conventional CF-TPR. The performance of AWD in terms of water savings and
increased productivity was comparatively higher in DDSR systems as compared to AWD-
TPR systems. The highest percentage of brown rice (BR) (79-81%), brown head rice (BHR)
(63-67%), white rice (WR) (68-73%) and white head rice (WHR) (47-56%) were obtained
from AWD irrigation threshold. Aerobic rice cultivation reduced the kernel amylose content
by 12.29-23.75% and methyl mercury by 33-50% as compared to the CF irrigation threshold
but simultaneously increased the kernel chalkiness, opaqueness, and percentage of abortive
kernels. In the second experiment, the split application of 100 kg N gave the highest tillering
density (560-594), 1000-grain weight (21-24 g), paddy yield (5.19-5.84 t ha-1) and also
improved the other yield causative attributes. Moreover, the split application of N also
reduced the chalkiness (43-44%), kernel opaqueness (26-50%), sterility (19-25%) while
improving the protein content significantly. Split application of 100 kg N increased the BR
percentage by 4-5%, BHR percentage by 11%, WR by 4-12% and WHR by 15%.
Furthermore, split application of 100 kg N also increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency
by 140 to 151%, apparent recovery nitrogen use efficiency by 220 to 235%, and PFPN
increased by 43 to 47%. It was recommended that DDSR cultivation in conjunction with
AWD irrigation while using 100 kg N in three splits could be more beneficial for higher
water productivity, crop yields, and quality.
Keywords: Alternate wetting and drying (AWD), Dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR),
52
Transplanted rice (TPR), Continuous flooding

Page
IPSAC-53
Economic production of Green pepper under drip irrigation coupled with tunnel
farming
Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary1, Nadeem Akbar2*, Qais Yameen3, Muhammad Rizwan4, Ahmad
Waqas1 and Umar Draz1
1.
2.
3.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
4.
Agricultural Remote Sensing Lab, NCGSA, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: bioworld2020@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Tunnel farming coupled with drip irrigation is advanced technique to produce off-season
crops to earn more profit. Fertigation of crops under drip irrigation is expensive that‘s why
farmers use conventional fertilizers to reduce fertigation cost, but this practice causes emitters
clogging therefore not recommended. To reduce fertigation cost, indigenous fertilizer named
―NeeRoGAH‖ was developed. To check its yield potential and economic viability in
comparison to the imported fertilizer, a field trail was conducted in Rabi season 2018-19. The
experiment was conducted at Water Management Research Centre farm, on green pepper,
sown under tunnel. The trail was laid under RCBD arrangement and consisted of four
treatments including T1: Daily Irrigation + Imported fertilizer, T2: Alternate days irrigation +
Imported fertilizer, T3: Daily Irrigation + Indigenous fertilizer, T4: Alternate days irrigation
+ Indigenous fertilizer. Irrigation was calculated with CROPWAT software using past 10-
year climatic data and it was 480 mm for entire season. The amount of applied fertilizers for
―imported fertilizer‖ were 300kg NPK and 200 kg Urea, while 1200 litters NeeRoGAH was
applied for ―indigenous fertilizer‖. For green pepper, the crop parameters including plant
height (cm), number of fruits per plants (Nos.), crop yield (tons/ha) and chlorophyll value
were measured. The results showed that any treatment did not show any effect on number of
fruits/plant and Chlorophyll value. However, daily irrigation produced higher crop yield and
higher plant height in comparison to that under alternate day irrigation. The indigenous
fertilizer showed better results in comparison to that under imported fertilizer. Significantly
highest yield was produced by the treatment with daily irrigation frequency and indigenous
fertilizer applications (16.3 t/ha). The plant height was non-significant under different
fertilizer types with same irrigation frequency. Overall, daily irrigation produced 4.1% more
marketable yield of pepper than that under alternate day irrigation. The indigenous fertilizer
produced 7.6% more yield of green pepper and saved 12.5% production cost as compared to
that under imported fertilizer.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Green pepper, Indigenous fertilizer, NPK fertilizer and Tunnel
farming
53
Page
IPSAC-54
Assessment of Potential of Bed Planting Over Flat Sowing for Wheat Production
Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary1, Nadeem Akbar2,*, Muhammad Rizwan3, Umar Draz1, and
Ahmad Waqas1
1.
2.
3.
Agricultural Remote Sensing Lab, NCGSA, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: bioworld2020@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wheat yield and water productivity can be improved by sowing on beds with balanced seed
rate. The present study was conducted at the experimental area of Water Management
Research Centre, PARS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, to investigate two seed rates
(100 and 160 kg/ha) and two sowing methods (drill sowing, bed planting) for better yield and
water productivity of wheat. It was concluded that wheat sowing under bed planting showed
better results with higher plant height (92.358 cm), numbers of tillers (294.17), numbers of
grains per spike (42.5), 1000 grain weight (35.338 g), grain yield (3941.8 kg/ ha) and water
productivity (2.3028 kg/m3), as compare to that under drill sowing with plant height (92.344
cm), numbers of tillers (288.83), numbers of grains per spike (42.16), 1000 grain weight
(35.207g), grain yield (3809 kg/ ha) and water productivity (1.44 kg/m3). The results
regarding seed rate revealed that the higher grain yield (4117.1 kg/ha), water productivity
(1.8361 kg/m3) and numbers of tillers (297.94), but lowest numbers of grains per spike
(38.833) and 1000 grain weight (34.256 g) were obtained with seed rate of 160 kg/ha. Seed
rate of 100 kg/ha produced highest numbers of grains per spike (42.167) and 1000 grain
weight (35.336 g) but lowest numbers of tillers (264.17), grain yield (3,360.1 kg/ha) and
water productivity (1.5272 kg/m3). The economic analysis also revealed the benefits of bed
planting over drill sowing with higher benefit cost ratio as 2.74 with 160 kg/ha seed rate. It is,
therefore, recommended that wheat should be sown with seed rate of 160 kg/ha under bed
planting for economically better yield and water productivity in Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords: Bed planting, drill sowing, grain yield, seed rate, sowing method, water
productivity.
54
Page
IPSAC-55
Effect of foliar application of moringa and nitrogen on vegetative and reproductive qualities
of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Shumaila Khan1*, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas1, Yasir Niaz1,
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah1, Adnan Noor Shah1, Sumaira Yasmeen3
1.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering &
2.
Faculty of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.
3.
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s Email: shailadimple@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
As natural plant growth stimulator, Moringa olifera extract (MLE) is widely used to improve
the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Several studies have reported the effect of MLE on
different crops plants and plant parts. However, the foliar application effect of MLE on
chrysanthemum (a major cut flower of Pakistan) remains elusive. The objective of the present
study was to evaluate the comparative analyses of synthetic nitrogen with organic source
moringa leaf extract having two different concentrations and to evaluate the best responsive
cultivar of chrysanthemum in the subtropical region of Pakistan. In this study, five different
genotypes of chrysanthemum (Reddish Yellow, Dark Pink, Crimson, White, and Yellow)
were compared under two levels of moringa leaf extract, viz. 2 and 4% and two nitrogen
concentrations, viz. 1% and 2%, respectively, applied as foliar sprays. The plant production
parameters such as production time, plant height, flower diameter, number of flowers per
plant, blooming period, and flower quality were measured. The results indicate that the
application of moringa leaf extract (4%) had the best growth with maximum plant height,
minimum production time, the highest number of flowers, flower diameter, and flower
quality were evaluated. Yellow genotype shows highly significant results for flower diameter,
flower quality, blooming period, and fresh weight. It was concluded that Chrysanthemum
morifolium showed the best growth and good yield against moringa leaf extract (4%) and
Yellow was best genotype for the production of good quality flowers in subtropical regions of
Pakistan.
Keywords: Foliar, Cut flower, Nitrogen, Biostimulants, Plant growth regulators 55

Page
IPSAC-56
Reducing sprout suppressants in potatoes using natural oils
Arifa Khan1*, Shumaila Khan2, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal3, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Yasir
Niaz2, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas1
1.
Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
2.
3.
Faculty of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
*Corresponding author‘s Email: shailadimple@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Potatoes cultivated in more than 100 countries due to utmost interest for food industry, and
considered as the heart of the world‘s diet, regularly studied case of potato storage is an
essential step to overcome the storage problem, net loss for industries and increased food
waste. The Sprout inhibitory effects of different natural oils including clove, coriander,
eucalyptus, jasmine, caraway, spearmint and mustard along with two commercially used
suppressants, H2O2 and naphthalene were applied on potatoes and kept in gene bank at 10°C,
80-90% RH. All the natural oils except mustard oil inhibited sprouting in potato dramatically
compared to the chemicals. Amongst the essential oils used, spearmint and caraway oils
significantly suppressed the sprouting up to 180 days at 10°C. After 180 days of storage, the
potatoes treated with spearmint and caraway oil showed the highest emergence among all
treatments. Similarly, potatoes treated with spearmint and caraway oil also produced the
highest numbers of branches. The potatoes grown in peat moss produced greater numbers of
shoots (6-6.2 branches/plant) than in sand + soil (4-4.1 branches/plant). Consequently,
spearmint and caraway oils substantially decreased sprouting with highest numbers of
branches. Thus, spearmint and caraway essential oils could be applied on potato tubers to
inhibit sprouting during storage and to reduce cost compared to chemicals. This study gives
the current knowledge on sprout suppressive chemicals, natural and synthetic, along with a
comparison of their effectiveness.
Keywords: potato, potato sprouts, sprout suppressants, organic horticulture
56
Page
IPSAC-57
Production Enhancement of Cucumis sativus L. through Amplified Use of Poultry
Litter and Mineral Fertilizers under Protected Cultivation
Shumaila Khan1,2*, Basheer Noman Sallam1,3, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2,
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Adnan Noor Shah2, Habib Ali2, Shehbaz Ali2, Muhammad Zafar
Iqbal4, Muhammad Adil2
1.
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture),
Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12
Zhongguancun, South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
2.
3.
Department of Horticulture and Its Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Foods and
Enviromant, Sana‘a University, Sana‘a P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
4.
Faculty of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
* Corresponding author: shailadimple@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Cucumber, an extensively cultivated vegetable, mostly grown under tunnel house or
greenhouse conditions. In present era, the overuse of synthetic fertilizers to attain the better
yield has adversely affected the human health, underground water and ultimately the
environment. Therefore, a glasshouse experimental study was designed to estimate the effects
of different fertilizing sources i.e., Poultry Litter (PL) and Mineral fertilizer (MF)) on
production of cucumber analysed and evaluate by univariate and multivariate analyses.
Amounts of PL and MF (NPK15:15:15) were added to coco-peat per cubic meter by
weight/volume (w/v) ratios as follows: T1 (control), 60 kg PL; T2, 30 kg PL + 3 kg MF; T3,
30 kg PL + 5 kg MF, and T4, 30 kg PL + 7 kg MF. The univariate analysis performed on the
collected data illustrated the significant enhancement in growth and productivity for the
integrated use of PL and MF. Multivariate analyses (correlation, clustering, and Principal
Component Analysis) validated the results of univariate analysis by differentiating treatments
into two groups. According to the results T¬2 showed maximum production and good results
(74.6%) in form of yield of cucumber crop whereas control did not show any significant
results when compare to other treatments. Hence, we conclude that the poultry litter can be a
better and organic source of fertilizer under glasshouse conditions.
Keywords: protected cultivation; organic culture; yield enhancement; soilless culture,

cucumber fertilizer
57
Page
IPSAC-58
Economic Analysis of Tillage System in Wheat Production under Rice-Wheat Cropping
systems of punjab, Pakistan
Rafi Qamar*1, Abdul Rehman1, Atique-ur-Rehman2

1.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
2.
Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s email: rafi.qamar@uos.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Farmers adopted new innovation in rice-wheat cropping system on the basis of its cost-
effectiveness in forms of net return and marginal rate of returns. Economic analysis of zero
and conventional tillage encourage the researchers to investigate and finalize their findings
for recommendations which helps the farmers for adaptation of new innovation. Field
experiments were conducted for economic comparison of zero and conventional tillage
system in wheat production in rice-wheat cropping system of Punjab. A randomized complete
block design in a split plot arrangement was conducted with four tillage systems
[conventional tillage, CT; deep tillage, DT; zero tillage with zone disc tiller, ZDT; and happy
seeder, HS] as main plots and five N levels [0, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg ha-1] as subplots
during 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011 growing seasons. Results showed that wheat
production @ N125 kg ha-1 through conventional and deep tillage had maximum total
variable cost and total cost compared than zone disc tiller and happy seeder during 2009-10
and 2010-11. Moreover, wheat production under happy seeder along with all nitrogen levels
incurred the minimum production cost and generated the maximum net return and benefit
cost ratio (BCR) than conventional tillage, deep tillage and zone disc tiller during both the
study years while in 2009-10 only net return was lower than deep tillage. During both the
study years 2009-10 and 2010-11, all the tillage systems showed maximum net rate of return,
net field benefit and benefit cost ratio at N125 kg ha-1. Conventional and deep tillage showed
maximum marginal rate of return 498% and 577% at N75 kg ha-1 while zone disc tiller and
happy seeder gave maximum marginal rate of return 545% and 508% at N100 kg ha-1 in
2009-10. In second year,all the tillage systems gave maximum marginal rate of return at
N100 kg ha-1. It is concluded on the basis of marginal rate of return that the resource poor
wheat farmers should grow wheat with happy seeder and deep tillage at N100 kg ha-1, while
the progressive growers may fertilize wheat N125 kg ha-1 to get higher net field benefits. In
crux, happy seeder along with N 125 kg ha-1was the best option for getting the higher benefit
cost ratio.
Keywords: Benefit cost ratio, Net return, Tillage system, Wheat production.
58
Page
IPSAC-59
Mechanized sugarcane production technology through bud nods
Abdul Rehman1, Rafi Qamar1*and Atique-ur-Rehman2

1.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab,
Pakistan
2.
Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: rafi.qamar@uos.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Sugarcane has central position in the growth of sugar industries and economic development.
There are several factors involved in yield stagnant at farmer‘s field i.e. seed cost and sowing
without treatments due to more biomass, conventional planting method/geometry, seed
handling and transportation, lower plant population per acreage, higher production cost due to
shortage of labor and marketing problems. Advanced mechanization from planting to harvest
is the only solution to overcome the problems of labor and energy and maximize the net
returns compared than manually produced sugarcane crop. Keeping in view the above need
following innovations are fabricated to lower the production cost, seed treatment and
transportation, labor charges and energy cost.Budchips are very effective and economical as
compared with traditional source as setts. These bud chips are lower in mass, easy in
transportation and more cost-effective planting material.This machine is quite new and much
more efficient than existing bud chipping tools. It uses only 5 to 6 mounds sugarcane for
scooping of buds which full fill the requirements of proper plant population of sugarcane per
acre, which is only 8 to 12 % of setts used for seed for one acre.In order to overcome the
problems of sowing cost and labor, placing scoop buds at proper depth, maintain plant
population and precise use of fertilizer application. Budchip planter are designed to address
all problems and planted bud chip and fertilizer at proper depth. Intercropping has the
potential to encourage the farmers to get maximum economic return per acre per annum. In
planted sugarcane under intercropping save 50% area available for major, minor and fodders
crops. Using this technology, 0.5 million hectares can be increased for general crops from the
existing area under sugarcane crop (1.2 million ha) in Pakistan.
Keywords: Budchip scooping machine, budchip planter, intercropping drill, mechanization,

Sugarcane.
59
Page
IPSAC-60
Determination of Selected Metals in Orange (Citrus) Fruit from Pakistan
Muhammad Abdul Qayyum, Tariq Ayesha
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education,

Lahore, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Orange (Citrus Sinensis) is a citrus fruits belongs to the Rutacease family includingkinnow,
mausami,red blood, grapefruit;succri along withmandarin and total production of citrus fruits
in Pakistan is about 37%. The aim of the present study was to determine the selected metals
(Cd, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and Sr) in orange (Citrus) fruit due to their effect in the
human body. The fruits were purchased from different markets. To prepare the laboratory
samples, each fruit was cut into slices and crushed the dried samples by chopper. Thesamples
were digested by way of HClO4 and HNO3with ratio (1:4).Selected metals (Cd, Ca, Co, Cu,
Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and Sr) were measured in the different varieties (mausami, kinnow,
succri and red blood) of orange fruit, by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu
AA-670, Japan).Significant differences in metal content between the varieties of orange were
found. Mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Sr were found to be significantly higher in
mussami, red blood, Kinnow and Succri. Comparative distribution of Mn, Cd and Cu higher
in red bloodorange (Citrus), Ca, Pb and Sr were higher in succri. Comparative distribution of
Fe higher in mussami and Mg and Zn higher in kinnow. Obtained results were compared with
acceptable levels set out by WHO. The higher correlation values were observed in case of Pb-
Fe, Pb-Ca, Pb-Mg and in Ni-Co that indicates mutual variations in orange varieties. The
correlation study revealed significantly diverse relationships among the metals in orange
(citrus). Similarly, disparities in the metal concentrations were also exhibited in different
types of orange (mussami, red blood, kinnow and succri). The study evidenced considerably
divergent variations in the metal levels in different varieties of orange fruit in comparison
with the standard solutions.
Keywords: Metal; Orange Citrus; varieties; AAS; Statistical Analysis; Pakistan
60
Page
IPSAC-61
Cotton-Based Intercropping: A Sustainable Approach for Food and Fibre Security
under Changing Climate
Iqbal Hussain1*, Shahid Saleem1, Hafeez Ullah1, Muhammad Umar Iqbal2, Umair Aslam2,
Muhammad Nasir3, Madiah Nisar3, Ghulam Ahmad3
1.
Rural Education and Economic Development Society (REEDS), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
2.
Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Lahore, Pakistan
3.
Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: iqbal1429@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Global warming and climatic changes are posing the severe threats to agriculture in the
world. In this climate change, the world's biggest problem is to meet the food and fibre for
the growing population. Intercropping is a farming practice that involves two or more crop
species, or genotypes to grow together and coexist for a time. On the fringes of modern
intensive agriculture, intercropping is important in many subsistence or low-input/resource-
limited agricultural systems. By allowing genuine yield gains without increased inputs, or
greater stability of yield with decreased inputs, intercropping could be one route to delivering
‗sustainable intensification. Under changing climate, profit from cotton in some developing
countries is decreasing. However, cotton-based intercropping offers a better solution to cope
with this situation. Not only the yields can be increased in cotton-based intercropping system,
but the system can also be more stable in the face of variable climatic conditions, offering an
avenue of climate change adaptation. The important reason to grow two or more crops
together is the increase in productivity per unit of land. In intercropping system, all the
environment resources are utilized to maximize the crop production per unit area per unit
time. There is a wide range of crops including cereals, legumes, and vegetables, which are
possible to grow with or in standing cotton crop. Each group offers versatile advantages in
terms of yields of both companion crops and monetary returns of the system.
61
Page
IPSAC-62
Role of Wheat in Elimination of Poverty and Security of Food under Adverse Climatic
Conditions
Asad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1, Adnan Noor Shah1, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer,
Muhammad Umer Javed*1
1
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan.
*Corresponding Author: muhammadumer911924@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wheat is one of the most widely grown cereal crops in the world and is a staple food for more
than one third of the global population. It is a cereal grain that is high in carbohydrates and
provides a significant source of dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Wheat is
widely cultivated in many countries, with China, India, Russia, and the United States being
among the largest producers. Wheat production is influenced by various factors such as
climatic conditions, soil type, seed quality, and pest and disease management practices. The
productivity of wheat can be increased through the use of improved seed varieties, better
agronomic practices, and the use of fertilizers and irrigation. In addition, research and
development in the field of biotechnology has led to the development of genetically modified
wheat varieties with improved resistance to pests and diseases. However, wheat production is
also facing several challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and water scarcity.
To address these challenges, farmers are encouraged to adopt sustainable agricultural
practices such as conservation tillage, precision agriculture, and integrated pest management
.In conclusion, wheat production is critical for food security and plays a vital role in
supporting the livelihoods of millions of farmers and their families worldwide. Efforts to
increase its productivity and promote sustainable agriculture will be important in ensuring the
continued production of this vital food source.
Keywords: Food Security, Wheat, Climate change, Water Scarcity, Soil degradation
62
Page
IPSAC-63
Assessment of heavy metal uptake in some ornamental species growing alongside
industrial sites
Muntha Sittara, Jamila Fatima, Zarnab Sehar, Abrar Hussain, Anis Ali Shah
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore

Corresponding Author‘s Email: anisalibot@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
A global issue of heavy metal pollution has been advanced as a result of rapid
industrialization and urbanization. There is a point to be noted that while some metals are
necessary for fundamental cell functions, their levels can become hazardous if they reach safe
limits. Lahore was selected as a study area for the sampling of wastewater, soil and plants. It
is the most alarming city related to pollution. Five different industrial sites were selected,
located on different points of Lahore, Pakistan. These industrial sites were Township
industrial lake, Ruhi lake, Model town industrial lake, Sundar industrial estate lake and
Shadbagh industrial lake. Samples as a control were also collected from the non-polluted
sites. For the samples of plants and soil, three tree species were selected, growing randomly
alongside industrial wastewater. These tree species were Bombax ceiba (Simbal), Eucalyptus
globulus (Safaida) and Conocarpus erectus (Bottonwood). The maximum value of copper,
chromium, lead, nickel and zinc was observed in S2 (Ruhi Industrial Lake).
Keywords: Heavy metals; Pollutants; Trees; Lahore; Environment
63
Page
IPSAC-64
Wheat germination and growth under cold stress
M. Usman Shahid, Ayesha Saeed, Haleema Sadia*
Department of Life Sciences, Botany, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and

Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Corresponding Author: sadilatki@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Stress has impacted every plant in its germination and growth. These are biotic and abiotic
stresses. This stress includes temperature, moisture, drought, salts, enzyme, and cold. Wheat
is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The
many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is
common wheat. Stresses also affect wheat depending on its growth as the wheat plant
required a low temperature of 4oC for germination. The tolerance range of wheat is as low as
10 – 17oC, so they are not planted in very colder regions. As they are very sensitive during
their early stages. 4oC is the best temperature for repaid growth. The sprouting stage is
sensitive to soil temperature because the growing seed needs water via enzymatic activity or
is alive. As the temperature increases germination is decreased. Buds required 2oC and root
length is increased to 27 times when temperature arises from 3 – 25oC. Germination is
hindered by low temperatures or cold stress. So low moisture delay emergency as well as its
lowering its germination.
64
Page
IPSAC-65
Detection of Strawberry Fungal Diseases Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
by VGG19
Taswar Ahsan1, *, Adnan Khalil2

1
Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang,
110161, China
2
Department of Physics, Khawaja Fareed University of Science and Technology, Raheem
Yar Khan, Pakistan
Corresponding Author email: taswarahsan@163.com
ABSTRACT
The strawberry plant is extremely susceptible to fungal disease. The diseases must be
identified at the earliest possible stage for pursuing appropriate treatment procedures and
reducing economic and quality losses. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have
achieved state-of-the-art performance in plant disease diagnosis. A mostly segmented method
was adopted to identify all parts of plant diseases. In the current study, Visual Geometry
Group 19 (VGG) was used to identify the full plant of strawberry fungal diseases, as the
strawberry is an herbaceous plant. Additionally, this method can solve the problems of noise,
background interference, and low detection accuracy of images of the strawberry disease. We
gathered data from all strawberry parts (leaves, flowers, and fruits) that had specific pathogen
infections. The images obtained had different variations. The proposed algorithm is tested on
a database of 190 images of strawberry fungal diseases taken from the publicly available
dataset "Kaggal," which includes 16 healthy and 174 diseased images. Our model had a total
of 1,719,170 parameters, including trainables (of a total of 1,717,826) and non-trainables (the
rest). At 25 epochs, the value accuracy was 100% and the value loss was 0.4259 IR. The
confusion matrix displays 15 images of disease-infected plants, 3 images of healthy plants, a
75 percent prediction, and no prediction for the remaining 25 percent. The types of fungal
disease identified by the model were the following: powdery mildew, leaf spot, powdery
mildew of strawberries, gray mold of fruit, anthracnose of fruit, angular leaf spot, leaf scorch,
early stage angular leaf spot, and blossom blight. The weighted average was 0.87 precision,
the recall was 0.62, and a 0.65 F1 score supported the 19 images. The macro average
accuracy was 0.92 precision and the recall was 0.62; the F1 score was 0.65 and it supported
19 images. Our findings concluded that, VGG19 model of DCNN, could detect the disease in
all the parts of herbaceous plants, including leaf, flower, and fruit, and not only in the leaf.
Additionally, the model can cover different eco-variations and backgrounds.
Keywords: deep convolutional neural networks, visual geometry group 19, confusion matrix,
plant disease detection, strawberry diseases
65
Page
IPSAC-66
Value Addition of Food: A Solution towards Food Security
Atif Liaqat*, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai, Muhammad Adil Farooq, Samreen
Ahsan, Rabia Iqbal, Syed Junaid Ur Rahman
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
Corresponding author‘s email: atif.liaqat@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
With the ever-growing population, the burden on the existing resources is also increasing to
feed this increasing population. Almost 20-35% of food losses are due to inadequate
harvesting and post-harvesting practices. Value addition is an addition of functional
characteristics to a particular good. In food processing, various food operations are employed
which add the value to the final product. These operations not only improve the safety and
quality of final product but also increase the shelf life. Multiple techniques have been used
since the ancient times to increase the shelf life of food from simple drying to controlled
fermentation. Hence, various other techniques have also been evolved which include
controlled removal of moisture from food (dehydration), use of food additives, freezing,
fresh-cut technology, fermentation etc. Besides various techniques are emerging to preserve
the nutrients in food and increase the shelf life which includes high pressure processing, use
of pulse electric field, high voltage atmospheric cold plasma and isochoric freezing. These
operations not only increase the shelf life of food but also provide the consumer with a
variety of safe food items. On overall basis, all these value addition techniques lead towards
food security and food safety if followed in true sense.
Keywords: Value addition, Food security, Food processing, Nutrition, Safety
66
Page
IPSAC-67
Impact of Exogenous Application of Trehalose on Growth, Antioxidant Machinery and
Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carom L.) Plants Subjected to Salt Stress.
Muhammad Awais Ghani1,*, Saleha Saeed1, Hamza Mujahid1, Basharat Ali2, Muhammad
Muzammil Jahangir1, Muhammad Mehran Abbas1, Rashad Waseem Khan1, Yasir Majeed1
1
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan.
*Corresponding author‘s email: awais.ghani@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Salinity is expected to be the major destructive abiotic stress due to climate change that
causes ionic and oxidative damage which alters the growth and nutritional value of plants. In
this study, we tried to investigate the effect of the foliar application of trehalose on the carrot.
The present study was conducted to examine the effect of trehalose (0, 10, 50 mM) on carrot
plants growth and nutritional quality under different salinity levels (6 dS/m, 12 dS/m and 18
dS/m). Seeds were sown in plastic pots, trehalose was applied at two leaf stage. Data were
collected at the vegetative stage to observe different morphological characters (plant height,
root length, root diameter, yield per pot, fresh and dry biomass of leaf and root, biochemical
attributes including the contents of antioxidant activities (POD, SOD, CAT), reactive oxygen
species (MDA, H2O2) and quality parameters including root size. Morphological characters
showed disruptive responses under saline conditions. However, exogenously applied PGR
played a beneﬁcial role in promoting all morphological parameters under stress with
increasing scavenging abilities against reactive oxygen species. Foliar application of
Trehalose improved plant defence mechanism with minimum destruction. Our results
delineated that under salt stress, trehalose improved plant stress tolerance against salinity by
maximizing the antioxidant activities and vegetative growth which conclusively improve the
nutrition of carrots.
Keywords: Carrot, Trehalose, Salt stress, Antioxidant, Carotenoid
67
Page
IPSAC-68
Effect of Exogenous Application of Trehalose on Growth of Trigenomic Brassica Under
Salt Stressed conditions
Muhammad Awais Ghani1, *, Hamza Mujahid1, Adnan Ramzan1, Basharat Ali2, Muhammad
Mehran Abbas1, Khurram Ziaf1, Muhammad Azam1, Fareeha Shireen1
1
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan.
*Corresponding author‘s email: awais.ghani@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Climate change negatively affects world food production in various ways. One of the major
effects of climate change is a salinity that limits plant growth and productivity, leads to food
shortages. That‘s why a pot experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD)
under factorial arrangements was carried out to investigate the positive impact of trehalose to
reduce the effect of NaCl salinity on the growth and yield of Trigenomic brassica crop grown
under salinity levels (4, 8, I6 dS/m) NaCl solutions and foliar application of trehalose 50mM
was applied with total seven treatments T0 (controlled), T1 (4dS/m), T2 (8dS/m), T3
(16dS/m), T4 (4dS/m + 50mM trehalose), T5 (8dS/m+ 50mM trehalose), T6 (16dS/m +
50mM trehalose), T7 (50mM trehalose) in three replications. Basic analysis of soil such as
electrical conductivity (EC) and pH was done. Different vegetative and chemical parameters
were analyzed. Maximum plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, leaf area,
superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), dynamic study of peroxidase activity (POD), dynamic
study of catalase activity (CAT), Total soluble protein contents (TSP), Hydrogen peroxidase
determination were recorded in T7. However, maximum seed weight and Total soluble salt
contents (TSS) were observed in control. Overall vegetative growth of nutrigenomic brassica
was improved with the application of trehalose under different salinity levels.
Keywords: Trigenomic brassica, Salt stress, Trehalose, Antioxidant, Total soluble protein
68
Page
IPSAC-69
Effect of Green-Synthesized Zinc and Silver Nanoparticles against Bacterial Canker of
Tomato
Mariam Ashraf 1 , Tahreem Fatima 2, Tabinda Fatima 2, Fahad Yaqoob 2, Muhammad Kashif
2
, Muhammad Bilwaseed 1, Muhammad Qasim 1
1
Better Cotton Initiative, Rahim Yar Khan
2
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles are effective against controlling a number of diseases due to their small size,
fast action, low dosage, long shelf life, and not harming the crops. NPs have a strong
antibacterial activity, which strengthens the plant's defense against diseases. Because no
heavy metals are used in the synthesis, green chemistry uses complete plants or plant parts to
create nanoparticles in a way that environmental friendly and does the least amount of harm.
A number of diseases are responsible for the reduction in tomato yield. Bacterial canker of
tomato is one the devastating disease causing damage to tomato production each year. It is
caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Keeping in view the importance
and efficacy of nanoparticles, a study was conducted in in vitro condition to check the effect
of nanoparticles of Zn and Ag synthesized by moringa leaves against bacterial canker of
tomato. Three treatments of nanoparticles with three replications were used at three different
concentrations i.e, (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%). The treatments were zinc and silver nanoparticles
separately and in combination. Out of all the treatments, the combination of zinc and silver
NPs showed maximum inhibition zone at 0.75% concentration. Plant extract synthesis of
nanoparticles is advantageous because it reduces the danger of future contamination by
shortening the reaction time and retaining cell integrity.
69
Page
IPSAC-70
Effect of Different Accessions of Alfalfa (Madicago sativa L.) and Different Row Spacing
on Biomass and Seed Yield Under Semi-arid Condition of Pakistan
Muhammad Amjid*, Hassan Munir, Muhammad Sajid
*Corresponding author‘s Email: amjidm70@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Alfalfa has been widely grown for fodder purposes since centuries. Planting density and
cultivation of suitable cultivars are important agronomic aspects which significantly affect
growth, biomass and seed yield of Alfalfa. Present experiment was conducted to evaluate the
biomass and seed production potential of alfalfa accessions under differential planting
geometry at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The study was
performed in RCBD with split plot arrangement having three replications. Treatments
comprised of different alfalfa varieties; Sargodha Lucerne-2002, Type-8, Type-9 and Saltana
and four-row spacing 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm. The results indicated different significant effect
of row spacing (RS) and varieties on growth, biomass production, and seed yield and quality
traits of alfalfa. The maximum plant height (72.92 cm), leaves per plant (492.83), stems per
plant (16.50), forage yield (17.98t ha-1), dry matter yield (3.12tha-1), raceme density (675.08
m2), pods/raceme (4.13), 1000-seed weight (1.71 g), seed yield (178.92kgha-1) and protein
contents (8.98%) were recorded in 45cm apart rows and minimum plant height (66.67cm),
leaves per plant (470.33), stems per plant (14.58), forage yield (16.48 t ha-1), dry matter yield
(2.82 t ha-1), raceme density (567.25m2), pods/raceme (3.79), 1000-seed weight (1.57g),
seed yield (156.25 kgha-1) and protein contents (8.77%) were recorded in 15 cm spaced rows
of alfalfa. Similarly, alfalfa varieties had significant differences for growth, biomass, seed
yield and quality traits. Sargodha Lucerne-2002 gathered the maximum plant height, leaves
per plant, stems per plant, forage yield (18.91 t ha-1), dry matter yield, raceme density,
pods/raceme, 1000-seed weight, seed yield (184.92 kg ha-1), protein contents (9.34%), ash
contents (7.15%) and fat content (0.71%) while Thus it is concluded that alfalfa varieties
Sargodha Lucerne-2002 at 45 cm gathered the maximum forage yield, seed yield and quality
under field conditions when compared with rows spacing and varieties combination.
70
Page
IPSAC-71
Iron and Zinc Nanoparticles Improved Germination, Growth and Physiological
Characteristics of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Budnodes
Rafi Qamar1*, Abdul Rehman1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad
Javeed2, Atique-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1
1.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
2.
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus,
Pakistan
3.
Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: rafi.qamar@uos.du.pk
ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles (NPs) are used as nano-fertilizers, and have significant potential to increase the
agricultural production. Sugarcane budnodes were primed with various doses of Fe NPs and
Zn NPs each @ 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1 along with hydropriming and control treatment.
The experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha,
Pakistan during October 2016-17. Results of experiment showed that hydropriming
significantly (P≤0.05) improved the budnodes sprouting characteristics like, sprouting
establishment, time to 50% emergence, seedling vigour index followed by Fe NPs @ 50 mg
L-1 and Zn NPs @ 75 mg L-1. Moreover, significantly (P≤0.05) longer shoot and root length,
shoot and root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight were recorded in hydropriming
followed by Fe NPs @ 50 mg L-1 and Zn NPs @ 75 mg L-1. Photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll
and carotenoid contents were higher in sugarcane when sown after hydropriming followed by
Fe NPs @ 50 mg L-1 and Zn NPs @ 75 mg L-1.However, higher Fe and Zn content in shoot
of sugarcane were noted when budnodes were sown after priming with Fe NPs @ 75 mg L-1
and Zn NPs @ 50 mg L-1. From the results of our study, it is concluded that pre-plant
treatment of sugarcane budchips with nanoparticles Fe NPs @ 50 mg L-1 and Zn NPs @ 75
mg L-1 increased their seedling establishment, growth and physiological traits. Therefore,
NPs enhanced the performance of budnodes sprouting at initial stages that can improve
productivity of sugarcane.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, sugarcane budnodes, priming, sprouting characteristics, Fe and Zn

contents
71
Page
IPSAC-72
Relative Efficacy of Synthetic Insecticides against Sucking Insect Pests on Cauliflower
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mehran Khan Hullio2, Ghulam Qadeer Junejo2

1.
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Shaheed Z.A Bhutto Agriculture
College Dokri
2.
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture Univeristy
Tandoam.
*Corresponding author‘s Email: mharoon4050@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The experiments were conducted during 2018 at Rabeel Fruit Fram, Village Wakro, Taluka
Dokri, and District Larkana to examine the relative efficacy of synthetic insecticides against
sucking insect pests on cauliflower. Five treatments were formed including a control such as:
T1= Flonicamid (50% WG) 80 g/acre, T2= Acephate (50% WG) + Imidacloprid (1.8% WG)
500 g/acre, T3= Pyriproxyfen (10.8%EC) 500 ml/acre, T4= Imidacloprid (200 SL) 250
ml/acre, T5= Control (water). Three insect pests were found infesting cauliflower including
(Thrips tabaci), (Bemisia tabaci) and (Amrasca devastans) and pre- and post-treatment data
were observed on these insect pests. The result revealed that against T.tabaci the first, second
and third sprays of Acephate+ Imidacloprid showed highest efficacy (76%, 87.25% and
95.18%), followed by Imidacloprid (77.55%, 83.52% and 100%), Flonicamid (71.65%,
81.56% and 82.02%) and Pyriproxyfen (67.43%, 76.88% and 75.9%). Against B. tabaci,
Acephate+ Imidacloprid showed highest efficacy (95.98%, 85.71% and 94.82%) as observed
after first, second and third spray, followed Imidacloprid (92.23%, 72.73% and 74.62),
Flonicamid (84.45%, 72.73% and 69.69%) and least efficacy for Pyriproxyfen (84.45%,
67.97% and 56.99%). Against A. devestans population on cauliflower the first, second and
third spray results showed that Acephate+ Imidacloprid showed highest efficacy (99.16%,
99.00% and 96.49%) against A. devestans, followed Imidacloprid (97.48%, 45.36% and
87.72%), Flonicamid (92.44%, 91.08 % and 82.46 %), and least efficacy was resulted by
Pyriproxyfen (80.67%, 80.19% and 70.17%). According to the overall efficacy of insecticides
against T. tabaci, B. tabaci and A. devestans after first, second and third spray, the treatments
ranked as: Acephate+ Imidacloprid> Imidacloprid> Flonicamid> Pyriproxyfen.
72
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IPSAC-73
Sustainable development and Management of Water Resources under adverse
conditions of Climate
Muhammad Maaz Hameed1*, Adnan Noor Shah1, Muhammad Nawaz1, Muhammad Saqlain
Zaheer1, Hafiz Haider Ali2, Muhammad Umer Javed1
1
2
Sustainable Development Study Center (SDSC), Government College University, Katchery
Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Correspondence: maaz.84np@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Water resources are vital to both sustaining socioeconomics and Eco environments. However,
its management has been becoming more and more challenged because of uncertainties
resulting from climate change. The prominent effects of climate change on water resources
can be comprehensive and may include that the: Total amount of available fresh water tends
to decrease, Spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation will be altered, Natural hydrologic
cycle can be twisted, Sea level rises, causing coastal flooding and salt water intrusion. These
effects are usually intermingled with impacts of human activities on water resources. Water
and climate change are inextricably linked. Extreme weather events are making water scarcer,
more unpredictable, more polluted or all three. These impacts throughout the water cycle
threaten sustainable development, biodiversity, and people‘s access to water and sanitation.
Flooding and rising sea levels can contaminate land and water resources with saltwater or
fecal matter and cause damage to water and sanitation infrastructure, such as water points,
wells, toilets and wastewater treatment facilities. Glaciers, ice caps and snow fields are
rapidly disappearing. Melt water feeds many of the great river systems. Volatility in the
Cryosphere can affect the regulation of freshwater resources for vast numbers of people in
lowland areas. Growing demand for water increases the need for energy-intensive water
pumping, transportation, and treatment, and has contributed to the degradation of critical
water-dependent carbon sinks such as peat lands.
Keywords: Socioeconomics, Eco environment, Water Resources, Climate Change
73
Page
IPSAC-74
Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Farming Technologies among Farmers in
Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh
Zahid Hussain
Department of Business Adminstration, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Nawabshah

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: Zahidhussain9341@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The study examined the factors influencing adoption of dairy farming technologies among
farmers. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select the respondents. Descriptive and
inferential statics were used for the study. Most (75.0%) of the farmers partially adopted
artificial inseminations services and Use of reproductive (51.7%) were the adoption of
technologies used by farmers. Significant relationship existed between the effect of factors
affecting dairy cattle production and their experience; poor extension services (p=0.001),
high cost of input (p=0.0021), inadequate credit facilities (p=0.001), inadequate training for
farmers (p=0.014) and land tenure system (p=0.037). Establishment of proper extension
services/programme, new innovation of inputs supplied at affordable price, access to credit
facilities to enhance farmers‘ livelihood were thus recommended.
Keyword: Dairy farmers, Artificial inseminations, Dairy farming technologies, Adoption and
High cost of input
74
Page
IPSAC-75
Role of Nanoparticles (NPs) in Plant Sciences; Potential Benefits and Limitations
Umair Ashraf1*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Imran Khan2, Basharat Ali3, Saddam Hussain2
1
Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
2
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
3
Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s email: umair.ashraf@ue.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Recent advancements in the field of nanoscience could also have significant impacts on
agricultural crop production systems. Improvement in crop yields coupled with efficient
utilization of resources through nano-technology could ensure food security for ever-
increasing population on sustainable basis. Application of nano-products e.g., nano-scale
fertilizers is one of the possible practices of precision farming that make the crop production
systems more efficient, sustainable and environmentally safe by reducing wastage of
resources, input, cost and energy. Targeted delivery of nano-scale micronutrients could
substantially improve the crop yields, nutrient uptake and recovery and/or fertilizer use
efficiency and crop performance under stressful conditions. Nano-herbicides, nano-
insecticides and nano-fungicides are being employed on trial basis for weed and pest control
in crops. NPs are transported within plants through vascular bundles (xylem and phloem),
however excess accumulation of NPs in the root and shoot system could induce oxidative
stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Application of NPs
improves abiotic-stress tolerance in plants by regulating plant physiological processes such as
redox regulation, osmotic adjustment and/or activation of antioxidant enzymes. No doubt,
application of NPs induces abiotic stress tolerance in plants, however their excess application
cause detrimental effects on morphological, physiological, anatomical and genetic traits in
crop plants which largely depends on concentration, size and chemistry of NPs. Overall,
application of nanotechnology in agriculture and/or plant science is an emerging field, having
both positive and negative effects on plants, however, future research should be focused on
the positive effects of NPs in improving crop yields and farm productibility and profitability
on sustainable basis.
Keywords: Abiotic stresses; Nano-technology; Crop yields; Nanoparticles (NPs); Nano-

products
75
Page
IPSAC-76
Economic Viability of Mechanized Crop Production Technologies for Rice-Wheat
Cropping System in Punjab Pakistan
Nadeem Akbar1,2, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary1,* and Ahmad Waqas2

1.
2.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: mjunaidnawaz@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Rice-wheat cropping is among one of the most extensive systems in Pakistan and major part
of the cultivable area of Punjab falls under this system. The traditional practices in rice-wheat
cropping system has faced many problems of low productivity and less efficiency regarding
water and fuel consumption. To promote mechanized production technologies (MPTs) for
growing rice and wheat with better productivity, experiments have been conducted at Water
Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Under MPT system,
the rice crop was sown through dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) technique on beds using
bed planter in comparison to traditional transplanted rice (TPR). In this way not only the 80%
sowing cost was saved but also produced higher crop tillers, grain yield and used 50% less
irrigation water than that under TPR. After rice harvesting through combine harvester, the
shredder was used under MPT treatment to crush and mix crop residues on soil surface. Then,
wheat was sown on same beds under zero tillage conditions using bed planter within the rice
stubbles. In this way the land preparation cost of about Rs. 9900/acre was saved. Moreover,
this practice discouraged weeds infestation due to presence of crop cover as well as the green
manuring with rice stubbles kept soil fertility up for better wheat production. The wheat on
bed saved 45-50% irrigation water and produced 5-7% more yield as compared to flat sowing
with traditional land preparation techniques. The results revealed that the mechanized
production technologies have economically viable option for rice-wheat cropping system in
Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords: Bed planting, mechanized production technologies (MPT), dry direct seeding of
rice (DDSR), grain yield, water saving.
76
Page
IPSAC-77
Evaluation of Sunflower Cultivars under Different Organic Amendments and Seed
Priming Techniques
Muhammad Nawaz1*, Adnan Noor Shah1, Shahbaz Khan2, Sohail Irshad3, Basharat Ali1,
Noman Ali Buttar1 and Javed Iqbal1.
1
2
National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3
Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author: dmnawaz@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is world‗s fourth largest non-traditional oil-seed crop and
its oil is used in cooking and manufacturing of margarine. Sunflower is the fifth most
important source of edible oil after soybean, rapeseed, cotton, and peanut. The average yield
in Pakistan is 1.3 tons/ha which is very low yield as compared to other countries and genetic
potential of sunflower. To increase the productivity of sunflower hybrids and to promote
organic farming an investigation was conducted at the research farm of College of
Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan
in 2017 to investigate the Assessment of different sunflower cultivars under different organic
amendments and seed priming techniques. NK-Singi and Hysun-33 cultivars of sunflower
were used as medium for the trial. Experiment comprised three levels of nutrients (N1 =
Control, N2 = Farm Yard Manure, N3 = Press mud) and two levels of priming (P1 = Dry
seed, P2 = hydro-primed seed) in the field conditions. Experiment arranged in Randomized
Complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Crop was sown
manually on beds with chopa method. Data was collected at flowering and maturity stage by
adopting standard protocols. Data analyzed statistically by using Fisher‘s analysis of variance
technique whereas least significance difference (LSD) test was used to compare the
treatment‘s means. Data was collected at flowering and maturity stage which showed a
considerable increase in plant height, biomass and grain yield. Highest plant height,
biological yield, achene per head was recorded where press mud and farm yard manure was
applied with hydropriming with variety Hysun-33.Whereas low yield was recorded in control
treatments.
Keywords: Helianthus annus L, Farm yard manure, press mud, organic nutrients, hydro
priming.
77
Page
IPSAC-78
Precise Nitrogen Management for Wheat using Greenseeker Technology
Nadeem Akbar*, Basit Mustafa, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Shahid

*Corresponding Author‘s email: bioworld2020@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Enhancing crop yield through fertilizer use efficiency is considered a major challenge to meet
the food and nutritional security of ever-increasing population along with conservation
natural resources from degradation. Nitrogen application in wheat is essential for obtaining
higher yield potential. Therefore, site specific nutrients application is the new innovation in
the field of precision agriculture that help to improve the nutrient use efficiency, crop yield
and grain quality. A field experiment was conducted for the precise nitrogen management in
wheat using green seeker technology. This study was carried out Agronomic Research Area,
Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2018-19. The
experimental material comprised of wheat cultivars viz. Ujala-2016, Punjab-2011 and
Faisalabad-2008 and nitrogen was applied using green seeker (i) NDVI nitrogen rich plot (2
kg more nitrogen added at 10 m-2), (ii) NDVI plots. The plot received recommended dose of
nitrogen were taken as control. The proposed study was design in Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement. The result indicated that, wheat cultivars
performed different under nitrogen application treatments. Nonetheless, the maximum
productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was recorded with
NDVI plots in cultivar Ujala-2016 followed by cultivar Punjab-2011. Nitrogen management
with green seeker (NDVI plots) substantially improved the chlorophyll contents and grain
protein contents in cultivar Ujala-2016. In conclusion, precise N management in wheat using
green seeker technology (NDVI plots) helped to improve the yield and yield related attributes
of wheat compared with other treatments. Among wheat cultivars, Ujala-2016 showed better
performance in terms of grain yield and grain quality.
Keywords: Wheat, nitrogen management, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)

and green seeker.
78
Page
IPSAC-79
Foliar Applied Moringa Leaf Extract and Potassium enhanced performance of Desi
Chickpea Grown under Different Temporal Regimes
Sohail Irshad1, Amar Matloob*1, Shahbaz Khan2, Muhammad Nawaz3, Shahid Iqbal1, Abdul
Ghaffar1, Rao Muhammad Ikram1 and Samra Naseem4
1
2
National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
4
Department of Mathematics & Staistics, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Corresponding Authors‘ email: amar.matloob@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is important food legume and dynamic source of plant based
protein. It is cultivated to meet food requirements of masses round the globe. Extreme
climatic variations are important driving factors behind its low production. One of the
important strategies to address these climatic changes is to adjust sowing time of the crops.
Exogenous application of bio-stimulants and nutrients for enhancing productivity of crops is
gaining more importance these days. Foliar application of potassium (K) is known to have
greater role in increasing resistance against abiotic stresses. Likewise, foliar application of
bio-stimulants like moringa leaf extract (MLE) has great potential for enhancing yield of
many crops. Hence, a study was planned to assess the effect of foliar applied MLE and K on
performance of desi chickpea grown under different temporal regimes. Experiment was
comprised of two sowing dates i.e. normal sowing; November 15 and late sowing; December
15, 2020. There were following treatments like control, water spray, foliar application of
MLE at 3%, foliar application of K at 1% and combined application of MLE and K. Foliar
applied MLE and K significantly enhanced various physiological, biochemical and yield
aspects of desi chickpea grown under different temporal regimes. Combined foliar
application of MLE and K improved various growth and yield related attributes like plant
height, nodules per plant, nodules dry weight, crop growth rate, pods per plant, 100-grain
weight, seeds per pod, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index. Similarly,
highest increment in gas exchange parameters (stomatal conductance and respiration rate),
chlorophyll contents, osmolytes (proline) and antioxidants (CAT, SOD and APX) were
recorded in case of combined foliar application of MLE+K in both sowing dates. Hence,
combined foliar application of MLE and K can be a useful strategy to boost yield of desi
chickpea.
Keywords: Antioxidants; Bio-stimulant; Desi chickpea; Exogenous application; K.

79
Page
IPSAC-80
Potential of Moringa Leaves Extract as Bio-stimulant on Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Productivity
Muhammad Saleem Ullah1, Rao Muhammad Ikram*1, Shahid Iqbal2, Khuram Mubeen1,
Wazir Ahmad3, Amar Matloob1, Sohail Irshad1, Shahbaz Khan4 and Muhammad Nawaz5
1
2
Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
3
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
4
5
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Corresponding Authors‘ email: rao.ikram@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Foliar application of bio-stimulants is an important concept to increase the productivity of
crops. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most common pulse crop cultivated all over
the world. Flower shedding and low pod formation severely affect productivity of mungbean.
In the present study we hypothesized that MDLE as a bio-stimulant has the potential to
decrease flower shedding and to increase productivity in mungbean. A field experiment was
conducted in April 2021 to evaluate three genotypes and six foliar treatments on the growth
and productivity of mungbean. The experiment was carried out at Research Farm of MNS
University of Agriculture, Multan in Randomized Complete Block Design two factor
factorial with three replications. Different genotypes (G1 = AZRI-2018, G2 = NIAB MUNG-
16 and G₃ = NIAB MUNG-11) and foliar treatments (T1 = No Spray (Control), T2 = Water
Spray, T₃ = 0.5% MDLE (moringa leaf extract), T₄ = 1% MDLE, T₅ = 1.5% MDLE and T₆ =
2% MDLE) were used. Physiological, bio-chemical and yield related parameters were
evaluated in the field study. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance technique
and HSD Tukey‘s test at 5% probability test were employed to compare the differences
between different treatment means. Results obtained from the experiment showed that G2 =
NIAB MUNG-16 among genotypes had reported significant increase in all growth
parameters including physiological, bio-chemical and yield parameters. Results further
indicated that photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content index, leaf
potassium and calcium, no of pods, grains per pod, pod length and weight, 100 grain weight,
seed yield, harvest index and net returns significantly increased when MDLE were foliar
sprayed. However, maximum increase in growth parameters and net returns were recorded in
T₅ = 1.5% MDLE over other treatments in all varieties. The results concluded from
experiment were MDLE foliar of 1.5% in variety NM-16 were significant in all growth
parameters in mungbean. Highest BCR (1.7) were also recorded form T5 in V2.
Keywords: Mungbean, MDLE, Bio-stimulant, Foliar application, Heat stress

80
Page
IPSAC-81
Effect of Preharvest Application of Moringa Leaf Extract on Quality Maintenance of
Papaya During Cold Storage
Shiza Muqadas, Muhammad Azam⃰⃰, Beenish Chaudhary, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Rashad
Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Hassan Javed, Saeed Ahmad
Pomology Labortray, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammad.azam@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Papaya is emerging, profit generating and highly nutritional fruit. It has very less shelf life
which limits its long-distance and causes higher postharvest losses. Hence, the present study
was designed to examine the effect of moringa extract on ripening behavior and improving
the physical and biochemical quality of papaya fruits. Different concentration of exogenous
moringa extract (control (distill water), 2%, 3%) were applied on papaya fruits at color break
stage. After harvest fruits were stored at 10 ℃ for 21 days in cold storage. Results indicated
that fruits treated with moringa extract exhibited significantly lower fungal decay as
compared to untreated fruits. Moringa leaf extract 3% treated fruits significantly delayed peel
color development and inhibit weight loss and firmness and increase of total soluble solids
then control. Similarly, 3% moringa leaf extract treatment significantly reduced decline in
titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content as compared with control. Moreover, papaya fruits
treated with 3% moringa leaf extract showed substantially higher sensory attributes and
significantly inhibited the increase in electrolyte leakage than control. Overall, it is suggested
that preharvest moringa extract was effective for conserving physicochemical properties and
could prolong the storage life of papaya fruit during cold storage.
Keywords: antioxidant contents, shelf life, phenolic contents, overall acceptability
81
Page
IPSAC-82
Adverse Effect of Climate Change on the Production of Sugarcane
Muhammad Umer Javed1*, Muhammad Nawaz1, Adnan Noor Shah1, Muhammad Saqlain
Zaheer1, Hafiz Haider Ali2, Asad Ali Khan1
1
2
Sustainable Development Study Center (SDSC), Government College University, Katchery
Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author: muhammadumer911924@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important sugar and bioenergy crop worldwide.
Climate change and increased greenhouse gas emissions during global warming have resulted
in an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Temperature stress is
a major environmental stressor that limits sugarcane growth, productivity, and metabolism
worldwide. Plant growth involves many biochemical reactions, and these biochemical
reactions are very sensitive to temperature stress. Climate change is expected to have
significant consequences for sugarcane production worldwide, particularly in developing
countries due to relatively low adaptive capacity, increased vulnerability to natural hazards,
and poor forecasting systems and mitigation strategies. From. Sugarcane production may
have been and will continue to be significantly affected by the increased frequency and
severity of extreme environmental conditions due to climate change. The survival of plants
under various stresses depends on their ability to generate and transmit signals, biochemical
and physiological changes. Climate change impacts on sugarcane are related to geographic
location and adaptive capacity. In the future, climate change is an important consequence for
sugarcane production in the world because of its relatively low adaptive capacity, poor
forecasting systems and high vulnerability to natural hazards.
Keywords: Sugarcane, Global Warming, Climate Change, Green House Gases
82
Page
IPSAC-83
Efficacy of Isoleucine (Ile) for Preserving Physio-Chemical, Biochemical Properties and
Postharvest Quality of Grapes During Cold Storage
Beenish Chaudhary, Muhammad Azam*, Shiza Muqadas, Muhammad Ali Umer,

Muhammad Arslan Khan, Muhammad Hassan Javed, Shakila Yasmeen

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammad.azam@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries are amenable to quality decline after harvest. This study
aimed to investigate the effect of isoleucine treatment on the quality of grapes after harvest.
Harvested bunches of grapes cv. Flame seedless were submerged for 2 minutes in varying
isoleucine concentrations (0, 1mM, 2.5mM, and 5mM). These bunches were then dried and
kept in cold storage at 4°C for 28 days. The findings demonstrated that coated samples were
efficient in terms of senescence inhibition and postharvest diseases prevention.
isoleucine5mM treated grapes produced significant results as compared to control fruits in
terms of delayed the decline of total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and titratable acidity,
reduced the decay and weight loss, lowered respiration rate, and higher POD and SOD
activities. In addition, 5 mM concentration of isoleucine ensured high sensory scores and
better berry texture as compared to control fruits. The results revealed that use of isoleucine
may be an effective method for enhancing the postharvest quality and shelf life of grapes.
Keywords: grape clusters, isoleucine, antioxidant, storage life, coating
83
Page
IPSAC-84
Use of Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (hs-spme-gc-ms) Method for the
Determination of Citrus Leaf Volatiles during Different Developmental Stage
Muhammad Azam, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Awais Ghani

Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammad.azam@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Major volatiles from young and mature leaves of different citrus types were analyzed by
headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. A total of 123 components were
identified form nine citrus cultivars, including nine aldehydes, 19 monoterpene hydrocarbons,
27 oxygenated monoterpenes, 43 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, eight oxygenated
sesquiterpenes, two ketones, six esters and nine miscellaneous. Young leaves produced
higher amounts of volatiles than mature leaves in most cultivars. The percentage of aldehyde
and monoterpene hydrocarbons increased, whilst oxygenated monoterpenes and
sesquiterpenes compounds decreased during leaf development. Linalool was the most
abundant compound in young leaves, whereas limonene was the chief component in mature
ones. Notably, linalool content decreased, while limonene increased, during leaf development
in most cultivars. Leaf volatiles were also affected by genetic types. A most abundant volatile
in one or several genotypes can be absent in another one(s), such as limonene in young leaves
of lemon vs. Satsuma mandarin and β-terpinene in mature leaves of three genotypes vs. the
other four. Compositional data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, and
variations in leaf volatiles were identified and clustered into six groups. This research
determining the relationship between production of major volatiles from different citrus
varieties and leaf stages could be of use for industrial and culinary purposes.
84
Page
IPSAC-85
Efficacy Of Parthenium Plant Extract For Weed Management In Maize
Usama*1, Khuram Mubeen1, Rao Muhammad Ikram1, Muqarrab Ali1, M. Ali Sher2, Amar
Matloob1, Sohail Irshad1, Shahbaz Khan2 and Muhammad Nawaz3
1
2
3
Corresponding Authors‘ email: usamarao1123@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Allelopathy has ubiquitous impact on agricultural systems. Parthenium hysterophorus is
hostile, invasive and alien weed, commonly known as ―Gajar booti‖ that belongs to
Asteraceae family. It is an invasive weed globally and is serious threat to biodiversity and
agriculture of Pakistan. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the
allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of P. hysterophorus on growth and yield of maize.
The lab study was conducted under completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial
arrangement having three replications. Aqueous or water extract of leaves, stem, root and
whole plant of P. hysterophorus with different concentrations (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%,
10% and 20%) were used to evaluate its impact on weeds of maize in field condition under
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement. Distilled water
(control) was included for comparison in lab trial. However, in field trial, tap water (control)
was included for comparison. Results of laboratory experiment indicated that maximum
inhibitory effect on germination/emergence index, germination/emergence percentage, root
dry weight, shoot dry weight, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight and seedling
vigor index of maize was observed at 20% concentration of leaves extract. Lowest value of
germination/emergence time and time taken to 50% germination/emergence along with
highest value of mean germination/emergence time and indices of maize seedling were
observed in case of distilled water control. Root extract of P. hysterophorus reveled
promotery effect on maize germination and early growth at 0.625% concentration. At low
concentration aqueous extracts of tested weed had promotery effect on maize seedling. In
field experiment, highest increment in plant height, cob diameter, rows per cob, grains per
cob, 100-grain and grain yield of maize was observed at 0.625% concentration of root extract
of P. hysterophorus. Minimum weed density was at 20% concentration of leaves extract of P.
hysterophorus. It can be concluded that foliar application of leaves extracts of P.
hysterophorus at 20% concentration could be used to reduce the weeds in maize field.
Moreover, maize productivity can also be improved through foliar application of 0.625% root
extracts of P. hysterophorus.
Keywords: Allelopathy; growth; hormesis; maize; P. hysterophorus; weeds; yield

85
Page
IPSAC-86
Comparative Efficacy of Different Methods for Testing Herbicides Resistance in
phalaris minor
Bilal Ahmad Khan 1 *Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Rizwan Maqbool2, Athar
Mahmood2, Aneela Nijabat3, Pinky Fatima4
1.
Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Sargodha-Pakistan.
2
. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
3.
Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Pakistan
4.
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha-40100, Sargodha-Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email; bilalahmadkhan678@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In Pakistan, widespread resistance of Phalaris minor biotypes to herbicides like fenoxaprop-
p-ethyl has recently been reported. The goal of the study was to examine the performance of
three herbicide resistance testing methods in P. minor biotypes: the classical method, the
Resistance in Season Quick (RISQ) method, and the seed bioassay. The classical experiment
was carried out in a screen house, whereas the RISQ and seed bioassay were carried out in
the Agronomy laboratory of the University of Sargodha, Pakistan. In the classical technique,
resistance to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide was 7.33 and 6.89 in biotypes PM-FS-21 and PM-
FS-15, respectively. In the RISQ method, resistance to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide was 8 in
biotype PM-FS-21 and 6.5 in biotype PM-FS-15, respectively. The seed bioassay approach
revealed 17.2 and 18.8 % resistance to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide in biotypes PM-FS-21
and PM-FS-15, respectively. The RISQ method's resistance index is similar to that of the
classical method. The RISQ approach for assessing herbicide resistance in P. minor is
recommended as an alternative to the classical method because it is time-efficient and equally
reliable.
Keywords: Herbicide, resistance, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, efficient, RISQ method
86
Page
IPSAC-87
Exploring the Effect of Plant Age and Critical Weed Competition Period on Nutrients
uptakes Production of Fine Rice under System of Rice Intensification
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Asam Raza Chadhar2, Muhammad Aown
Sammar Raza3, Bashart Ali4, Sidra Shakil5, Rizwan Maqbool2
1.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha-40100, Pakistan.
2.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
3.
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture &Environmental Sciences,
The Islamia University, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
4.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, KFUET, RYK, Pakistan.
5.
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, Quid e Azam Campus,
Lahore Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: bilalahmadkhan678@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The major restriction to get high yield of crops are weeds. Field study in 2010 and 2011 was
conducted at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to determine proper nursery age and
critical weed competition periods in System of Rice Intensification. The treatments
comprised of rice transplanting at the age of 14, 21 and 28 days under different competition
periods of weed (CP) viz., 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting (DAT). Weed free
period and weedy check for the whole crop season was taken as a control. The results
revealed that maximum nutrients (N 9.8 , P 2.1 and K 6.2 Kgha-1), N 4.1Kgha-1, P 1.1 Kg
ha-1 and K 3.2 Kgha-1) and (N 3.1 Kgha-1, P 0.8 Kgha-1 and K 1.5 Kgha-1) uptake by
Cyperus rotundus, Trianthemaportulacastrumand Echinochloacolonarespectively,were
observed during second years of study. While minimum (N 9.7 Kgha-1, P 1.9Kgha-1 and K
5.9 Kgha-1), N 3.9 Kgha-1, P 1.0 Kgha-1 and K 3.1 Kgha-1 and (N 3.0 , P 0.7 K and K 1.3
Kgha-1) NPK depletion by C. rotundus, T. portulacastrumand E. colonarespectively was
examined in first year of study. Transplanting of 21 days old plant and remain weed free
throughout the growing season of rice result in highest root length per plant (21.9 and 21.4
cm), mass of root per plant (23.4 and 22.6 g), number of fertile tillers per plant (32.4 and
30.0), number of branches (10.6 and 10.2), biological yield (9.4 and 9.0 t ha-1) and harvest
index (40.1% and 40.0%). However 28 days old plants which remained weedy during whole
growing period produced plants with shortest roots length (18.7 and 18.2 cm), root mass per
plant (19.7 and 18.5 g), fertile tillers per plant (25.9 and 24.1) number of branches (7.8 and
7.5), biological yield (8.8 and 8.4 t ha-1) and harvest index (39.5% and 39.5%). It was
concluded from this study that we can get the optimum production of rice crop through a
system intensification of rice by transplanting 21 days older seedlings remaining the plots
weed free through the crop period.
Keywords; Biological yield, fertile tillers, older seedlings and system of rice intensification,
NPK depletion,
87
Page
IPSAC-88
Employment of Membership Functional Analysis for Evaluation of Rapeseed (Brassica
napus L.) Germplasm for Drought Tolerance
Ibtesam Zafar1, Imran Mahmood*1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Javed Iqbal2, Rashid Mehmood3,
Ghulam Mohyuldin1, Nouman Hanif4, Saeed Ahmed Asad5, Imran Haider Shamsi6
1
. Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2.
Department of Agronomy, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information
Technology Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan
3
. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
4.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
5.
Department of bioscience, COMSATS University, Park road Islamabad, Pakistan
6.
Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,
Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, ZijingGang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 P.R
China.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: imran403@uaar.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Brassica napus (Canola) is an important oil seed crop of Pakistan. It is sensitive to water
stress at germination and early growth stages. Given the rapid increase in drought episodes
with changing climatic conditions, it is imperative to introduce drought tolerant genotypes of
B. napus. A study was conducted to screen of drought tolerant and sensitive germplasm of B.
napus. one hundred genotypes of B. napus was collected from various research institutes. At
initial step, the optimum concentration of PEG-6000 within 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of
PEG-6000 was determined for screening of drought tolerant and sensitive genotypes of
Brassica napus. In the second step, the genotypes were appraised for drought tolerance at
germination stage. Various morpho-physiological traits (germination percentage, shoot
length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight,
fresh seedling weight, drought-tolerance index (DTI), drought-injury index, promptness
index, emergence index, germination index (GI), germination vigor index (GVI), germination
energy (GE) were recorded to access their level of drought tolerance. The Membership
Functional Value (MFV) of studied traits was computed. The 50% drought injury index (DII)
was happened against 25% and was considered optimum to evaluate the germplasm for
drought tolerance. The mean MFV of germination and seedling indices was subjected to
Hierarchical cluster analysis to divide the genotypes into three groups viz; highly drought
tolerant, moderate drought tolerant, and highly salt sensitive. Based on mean MFV of all
genotypes, out of 100 genotypes, 20 were identified as highly drought tolerant, 30 moderate
drought tolerant and 50highly drought sensitive genotype. Genotype CBN77,CBN74,Faisal
canola,CBN78,CBN79,CBN72,CBN80,RBN-03046,Nifa Gold were found highly drought
tolerant, genotype NARC sarson, AARI canola,CBN31,RBN-11049,Punjab canola, canola
rayawere fund moderate drought tolerant while CBN68,super canola,Hyola-401,19-h
(rapa),CBN27 were highly drought sensitive genotypes.
88
Page
IPSAC-89
In-vitro Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency of Eco-friendly Multifarious Heavy Metals
Resistant Bacteria from Sewage and Sewage Water Irrigated Agricultural Soil
Muhammad Tahir1, Abu Bakr Umer Farooq1, Tahir Naqqash2, Nasir Hussain1, Kabeer
Qamar1, Aqdas Ali1, Muhammad Shahid3
1.
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus
2.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan
3.
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, GC, University Faisalabad
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammad_tahir@cuivehari.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Sewage and industrial waste water contains heavy metals, and is normally discharged in to
water canals without any treatment. The canal water is used to irrigate food crops and
vegetables which cause soil as well as food chain contamination. Sometimes, the waste water
is directly applied to urban agriculture without any treatment which is a major source of the
pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the metals before application to the fields.
There is a need to find eco-friendly approach for the removal of heavy metals from the waste
water before application to the fields. Present study was conducted to isolate the bacteria
equipped with heavy metal remediation and plant growth promoting potential. Further, these
bacteria were used to treat water contaminated with various levels of different metals i.e.,
arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn).Four bacterial isolates M50-3/1,
WWCd-5/1, WWCd-5/2 and WWCd-5/3 obtained from the sewage water and sewage water
irrigated agricultural soil, and were tested for metal resistance against cadmium (Cd), zinc
(Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
ranging from 50-2000 mg of Zn, Pb, As and Cd using respective salts. All the tested bacterial
isolates showed varying tolerance levels to different levels of the metals tested. The isolate
WWCd-5/2 showed growth on all concentrations of Zn, Pb, As and Cd but the isolate was
unable to grow at 2000 mg/L of As. The bacterial isolate WWCd-5/3 was able to grow on all
concentrations (50-2000 mg/L) of Zn, Pb and Cd but MIC value of the isolate for As was 500
mg/L.All the four isolates showed positive activity for phosphate solubilization and indole-3-
acetic acid production. The bacterial isolates WWCd-5/2, WWCd-5/1, M50-3/1 and WWCd-
5/3 produced highest amounts of total protein (TP), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase and
peroxidase (POX) respectively, in the presence of 500 mg/L each of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in
combine form. In mini pilot plant assay, highest amounts of As, Pb and Zn was detected in
the supernatant of control treatment (no bacterial inoculation) while the lower values of these
metals were detected in the supernatant of the treatment where M50-3/1 was used as
inoculant for metal removal. The results of the present study help us to conclude that the
bacteria present in sewage water possessed highest MIC value. The bacteria removed the
heavy metals from water more efficiently and accumulated in their tissues. These bacteria
may be utilized in remediation of heavy metal contaminated water and soil.
Keywords: sewage water, heavy metals, bioaccumulation, metal tolerance, remediation.

89
Page
IPSAC-90
Enhancing Drought Tolerance of Quinoa Through Potassium And Boron Application
Iqra Zaheen1, Shahid Iqbal2*, M. Baqir Hussain1, Ambreen Naz3, Sohail Irshad4, Shahbaz
Khan5 and Muhammad Nawaz6
1
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
2
Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan
4
5
6
Corresponding Authors‘ email: shahid.iqbal@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is facing severe water shortage and the situation is further aggravated due to
elevated temperature, leading to drastic yield reduction. Hence, there is a dire need to
maintain or increase the agricultural production by utilizing sustainable methods of
production to tackle changing climate. Drought is an environmental factor that negatively
interferes with crop growth and yield. Limits the productivity of plants and reduces the
production of food in agriculture. Potassium and Boron nutrition is found effective in
alleviating negative impacts of drought stress in many field crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium
quinoa) is a crop, recognized by United Nations due to its nutritional and health benefits.
Therefore, a field study was carried out at Research Area, MNS-University of Agriculture
Multan, during Rabi season, 2021-2022 to enhance the drought tolerance of quinoa through
soil application of potassium (K) and boron (B). The experiment was laid out under
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement and three
replications. The crop was sown on November 06, 2021 using a seed rate of 8 kg ha-1 on 75
cm apart ridges with hand dibbling maintaining plant to plant distance of 120 cm. The
experiment contained of following treatments: soil application of K at 0, 50, 75 kg K2O ha-1
and B (H3BO3) at 0, 6 kg ha-1 in well-watered and drought induced experimental units. Data
related to crop physiological response and yield attributes was recorded using standard
procedures and protocols. Quinoa performance decreased under drought stress but it can be
improved by potassium (K) supplementation @ 75 kg K2O ha-1. Supplementation of K,
improved seed yield of quinoa in drought stressed condition up to 41% and was also found
economically viable because value of Benefit Cost Ratio was 2.2 in drought conditions as
compare to respective control (1.65).
Keywords: Boron; Drought; Potassium; Quinoa; Heat stress

90
Page
IPSAC-91
Chemically Enhanced Phytoextraction of Lead by Jute (corchorus olitorius) from
Contaminated Soil
Qurat Ul Ain 1*, Tayyaba Naz 1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal 2, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq 1,
Muhammad Saqib 1, ZulfIqar Ahmad Saqib 1, Sehar Nawaz 3, Nisa Javed 1
1.
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad,
Pakistan
2.
Soil and Water Testing laboratory Chiniot, Department of Agriculture, Government of
Punjab-Pakistan
3.
Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: zveesha@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Heavy metals are harmful for human beings due to their potential to accumulate in different
parts of body. They have adverse effects on human health even in low concentration. The
heavy metals enter the food chain and cause serious diseases in living organisms. Lead can
cause seriously depletion of certain essential nutrients in human body. Pb has carcinogenic
effect and high concentrations of Pb in fruits and vegetables are the main reason of upper
gastrointestinal cancer. The most common type of phytoremediation is phytoextraction in
which green plants are cultivated in metal-contaminated soil and accumulate large amounts of
metals in their above ground parts. Recently, jute has been used in phytoextraction in
different studies related to heavy metal toxicity. Jute is more tolerant to heavy metal stress
among different fibrous crop probably due to its distinct biological and physiological
activities. Jute is a vegetative fibrous crop (also called allyott and golden fibre). Jute
(Corchorus Olitorius) is the most commonly used natural fiber reinforcement in green
composites, and it is an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of various heavy metals due
to its large biomass, deep rooting system, and metal tolerance in stressed environments. The
accumulation of toxic heavy metals in agricultural areas raises concerns about food safety as
well as decreases in plant productivity and crop yield. There is a need to remediate
contaminated soils with toxic substances, and phytoremediation is a low-cost option. .
Therefore, the present study provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of various
chemical amendments on metal accumulation efficacy of jute under Pb contaminated. The
pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of Pb (i.e. control, 500
and 1000 mg kg-1 on the growth and yield of jute assisted with amendments i.e., EDTA and
Citric Acid (i.e, control, 1and5 mg kg-1. A pot experiment was conducted in the wire house
of institute of soil and environmental sciences. Treatments include: T1= control, T2= CA
(1mg kg-1), T3= EDTA (5mg kg-1), T4= CA+EDTA (1,5mg kg-1), T5= Pb (500 mg kg-1),
T6= Pb+CA ( 500 , 1mg kg-1 ), T7= Pb+EDTA (500 , 5 mg kg-1), T8= Pb+CA+EDTA (500
, 1 ,5mg kg-1 ), T9= Pb (1000mg kg1 ), T10= Pb+CA (1000 , 1mg kg-1 ), T11= Pb+EDTA
(1000 , 5mg kg-1 ), T12= Pb+CA+EDTA (1000 , 1 , 5mg kg-1 ). The experimental design
was completely randomized design with factorial arrangements having three replications. The
plants were harvest at flowering stage. The growth, total biomass and physiological
parameters such as total chlorophyll contents, relative water contents, membrane stability
index, root and shoot lengths and weights and Pb concentration in root, shoot and soil was
91
determined. Obtained data was statistically analyzed for significance by using appropriate
computer-based software.
Page
IPSAC-92
Studying the Dynamics of Mulch and Different Nitrogen levels on Productivity of
Spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Nadeem Akbar*, Muhammad Shahid

*Corresponding author email: bioworld2020@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Maize is an important cereal crop in Pakistan as well as in the world. Increasing demand for
food, declining natural resources and climate variations are major factor behind declining
yield of maize. In order to fulfill the nutrition requirements of human and livestock, the
researcher proposed different strategies to tackle numerous issues. Wheat straw mulch posed
a great effect on soil water storage and also enhanced water use efficiency (WUE). The
research trial was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during spring, 2019. The experiment was conducted to
evaluate the effects of various levels of nitrogen and mulch on growth, yield and productivity
of maize. The research trial was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with factorial arrangement with net plot size (4 m x 3 m) having row to row distance of 75
cm and plant to plant 20 cm. the experiments comprised of four levels of mulching (control
with no mulch, 3 tons ha-1, 4 tons ha-1, 5 tons ha-1) and four nitrogen levels (100 kg ha-1,
200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, 400kg ha-1). Data pertaining to plant population, plant height (cm),
No. of cob/plant, No. of grain rows / cob, No. of grains / cob, cob length (cm), cob diameter
(cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain weight / cob (g), grain yield (t ha-1), biological yield (t ha-
1) and harvest index (%) were recorded by using standard procedures. All treatments mean
was compared by honestly significance difference (HSD) test at 5% probability level. The
results indicate that the treatment where we applied nitrogen @ 300 kg ha-1 and mulch @ 4 t
ha-1 was most suitable and significantly improved the yield and yield components i.e., plant
height (cm), cob diameter (cm), number of grain rows / cob, number of grains/cob, 1000
grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), biological yield (t ha-1) and harvest index (%).
Keywords: Maize, mulch, nitrogen, water use efficiency and productivity.
92
Page
IPSAC-93
Effect of Different Sowing Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat under Varying
Irrigation Regimes
Nadeem Akbar*, Basit Mustafa, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Shahid

*Corresponding Author‘s email: bioworld2020@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Several factors including soil moisture at sowing time, quality of wheat seed, soil fertility and
delayed rainfall, etc. influence the water productivity of crops. In the irrigated zone, farmers
face the water shortage problem due to less rainfall and totally depend on artificial irrigation.
Ridge and bed planting systems help to improve water distribution, water-saving, increase
water use efficiency and increase the yield under varying irrigation regimes. A field
experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter season 2020-21 to investigate the effect
of different planting methods on the growth and yield of wheat under varying irrigation
regimes. The experiment was laid out under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with split plot arrangement with plot size of 7.5 m× 1.8 m with three replications. There were
two factors under study i.e., factor A: planting methods (P) (Flat sowing, Ridge sowing, Bed
sowing) and factor B: water regimes (W) (recommended irrigation, skip irrigation at booting
stage, skip irrigation at grain formation stage). Planting methods were kept in main plots
while water regimes in subplots. Fertilizer was applied @ 115:88:63 NPK kg/ha,
respectively. Whole phosphorus and potassium were applied at the sowing time while
nitrogen was applied in three splits. Observations pertaining to the emergence of seed, growth
and yield was measured using standard methods. Results were statistically analyzed by using
Fisher‘s analysis of variance by applying LSD test at 5% level of probability. The results
revealed that bed sowing method significantly improved yield components i.e., plant height
(cm), productive tillers, number of grains per spike, spike length (cm), spikelet number per
spike, spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), biological yield (t ha-1)
and harvest index (%) of wheat under normal irrigation as well as skips irrigation at booting
stage and grain formation stage as compared to flat sowing method. So, the losses caused by
skipped irrigation during growth and development stages as well as to yield and yield-related
attributes in wheat can be compensated by adopting the bed sowing method.
Keywords: Wheat, planting methods, irrigation, moisture deficit, yield and yield
components.
93
Page
IPSAC-94
Improving Crop Competitive Ability of Fennel (Foeniculumvulgare MILL.) Against
Weeds through Integration of Sowing and Weeding techniques
Kamran Akram1, SafdarAli2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, NajmaYousaf Zahid3, Adeel Anwar1,
Zia Ur Rehman1, Asif Nawaz1, Abid Hussain1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1, Muhammad Nasir4
1.
Department of Agronomy, PirMehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
2.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
3.
Department of Horticulture, PirMehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
4.
Department of Entomology, PirMehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s email: dr.safdarali@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to improve the crop competitive ability of fennel against
weeds under rainfed conditions through integration of different sowing and weeding
techniques at University Research Farm Chakwal Road Rawalpindi, Pakistan during the
winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22. There were four methods of sowing (Ridge sowing,
bed sowing, broadcast sowing and line sowing) and four methods of weeding (Control,
manual, mechanical and chemical). Results showed that weed free plot (two hand weeding at
45 and 75 DAS) was found more effective to control weeds in fennel and recorded lowest
weed density, weed dry weight and highest weed mortality and weed control efficiency.
Weed mortality percentage (29.3 %) and weed control efficiency (81.8 %) was maximum in
manual weeding method and they were found non-significant in sowing methods. In case of
production the maximum yield of fennel (493.1 kg/ha) was observed under line sowing
method and minimum (64.3 kg/ha) in ridge sowing whereas, in case of weeding methods the
maximum yield (509.9 kg/ha) was recorded in manual weeding method and minimum (220.7
kg/ha) under weedy check plot. Similarly, the benefit cost ratio (1.98 & 1.90) and net
profitability (98.13 % & 89.88 %) was higher in line sowing method and manual weeding
method respectively. So, line sowing with manual weeding method is recommended to
decrease the crop weed competition under rainfed conditions for obtaining higher yield of
fennel.
Keywords: FoeniculumvulgareMill.; Sowing Methods; Weeding Methods; Weed control

efficiency; Yield.
94
Page
IPSAC-95
Melatonin application reduces postharvest senescence and maintains the quality of
papaya fruit under cold storage
Muhammad Azam⃰, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Arslan Khan

*Corresponding author‘s Email: muhammad.azam@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Exogenous melatonin application has been used to reduce the postharvest senescence and
improve quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of papaya fruit during cold storage.
Therefore, in the present study impact of exogenously applied melatonin (1.5 mM L-1) was
investigated on papaya fruits during cold storage (10 ± 2 ºC) for 28 days. The results showed
that MLT treatment was notably suppressed postharvest senescence and weight loss than
untreated control papaya fruit. MLT-treated papaya fruit significantly suppressed the increase
of soluble solid contents, ripening index and sugars, and substantially higher titratable acidity
and ascorbic acid compared with control. In addition, papaya fruit treated with MLT showed
markedly higher total phenolic contents resulting in higher total antioxidant activity in
contrast with control papaya fruits. Besides, MLT treatment significantly inhibited the
accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, while maintaining higher level of
superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and catalase antioxidant enzymes along with higher
sensory attributes than untreated control. The findings of this study indicated that MLT
application could be commercially used as safer and valuable strategy to reduce the
postharvest senescence and maintain the quality traits of papaya fruit during cold storage.
Keywords: Cold stress, Minor fruits, biochemical assays, soluble protein and sugar contents,
sensory attributes
95
Page
IPSAC-96
The role of CFCs in Ozone layer depletion
Fakhar Abbas, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Abdullah Khalid, Asif Ali, Saad Abid Cheema and Zain-
ul-Abadian

Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammadjafri1214@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Ozone is an important constituent of the atmosphere. Ozone forms a distinct layer in the
stratosphere known as the ozone layer. The ozone layer acts as a fragile shield because it
protects man and other life forms from exposure to harmful short-wavelength ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. For people, overexposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer, cataracts and
weakened immune systems. Increased UV can also lead to reduced crop yield and disruptions
in the marine food chain. The agents, particularly chemical, which affect the amount of ozone
present in the atmosphere have been a source of concern for more than 20 years. This has
been reinforced by the dramatic decline of stratospheric ozone levels first measured in
Antarctica and now apparent worldwide. The combination of routine measurements of ozone
depletion, careful laboratory studies and mathematical modelling of ozone in the atmosphere,
has demonstrated that the reactive fragments produced when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
halons and other halogenated compounds break down in the stratosphere are responsible for
the ozone loss. As CFCs have widespread and sometimes apparently essential uses in modern
society, there has been an intense effort to develop safe, effective replacements which have a
negligible or much smaller impact on the environment. The Montreal Protocol, signed by
over 140 nations, has been implemented to control and phase out the chemical compounds
responsible for ozone loss.
Keywords: Ozone layer, UV rays, CFCs
96
Page
IPSAC-97
Scope of AI and Robotics in Agriculture
Umair Ali, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Asif Ali, Saad Abid Cheema, Hasan Tariq, Abdullah Khalid

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: umairali95952@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics have been making tremendous strides in various
industries and agriculture is no exception. The integration of these technologies into the
agricultural sector has proven to be a game-changer, revolutionizing the way farmers work
and increasing their efficiency and productivity. AI and robotics technologies can help
farmers in tasks such as monitoring crops, predicting weather patterns, and automating
processes. This leads to improved crop yields, better resource management, and reduced
costs. One of the most significant advantages of incorporating AI and robotics into
agriculture is the ability to collect and analyse data on a massive scale. AI algorithms can
process large amounts of data from various sources, such as weather stations, soil sensors,
and satellite imagery, to provide farmers with actionable insights. This data can then be used
to optimize irrigation, fertilization, and pest management practices, leading to improved crop
yields and reduced waste. Another benefit of AI and robotics in agriculture is that they can
perform tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or physically demanding, freeing up farmers to
focus on more strategic and creative work. For example, drones equipped with cameras can
be used to monitor crops, while robots can be used to carry out tasks such as planting,
harvesting, and tilling. This not only improves the efficiency of these tasks but also reduces
the risk of injury to farmers. Overall, the integration of AI and robotics into agriculture has
the potential to revolutionize the industry and provide farmers with the tools they need to
feed a rapidly growing population. However, there are also concerns about the ethical
implications of these technologies and the potential for them to displace human workers. It is
important for policymakers and industry leaders to consider these concerns as they work to
promote the adoption of AI and robotics in agriculture.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Robotics, Automation, Precision Agriculture.

97
Page
IPSAC-98
Impact analysis of climate change on water resources
Ahmed Aslam, Rana Ammar Aslam, Shahbaz Nasir khan
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ahmedaslam1930@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change has a profound impact on water resources, affecting their availability, quality,
and distribution. The effects of climate change on water include changes in precipitation
patterns, rising sea levels, increased evaporation, changes in snowpack, and impacts on water
quality. These changes can result in droughts, floods, saltwater intrusion, reduced water
levels, and contaminated water sources, which can have negative consequences for both
human and ecosystem health and well-being. Usage of hydrological models to project future
changes in water availability resources. We have different hydrological and simple models
for checking climate variations. Addressing the impact of climate change on water resources
is therefore crucial to ensure sustainable water management. In conclusion, this study
provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between climate change and water
resources, and highlights the need for continued research and action to address this global
challenge.
Keywords: Climate change, Water resources, Agricultural productivity, Economic impacts
98
Page
IPSAC-99
Guiding Adaptation Policy for Stressed Groundwater Resources to Climate Change and
Human developments: a Case Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Aslam Rana Ammar1*, Shrestha Sangam2, Pal Indrajit3 and Ninsawat Sarawut4
1.
2.
Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.
3.
Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management, Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand.
4.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ammar.aslam@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Groundwater resources in urban areas of developing countries are under continuous pressure
due to climate change and human developments such as expanding impervious areas and
overexploitation owing to rising water demand. Sustainability in such areas requires the
adaptation of groundwater resources to these stressors. Therefore, this study quantified the
potential impact of climate, land use, and population change on groundwater resources in
Lahore, Pakistan, and proposed an adaptation policy to offset their negative effects. The
period from 1982 – 2020 was considered baseline, and future climate in Lahore was projected
(2021 – 2095) using the bias-corrected outputs of four RCMs under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5
scenarios. Likewise, future change in population and land use were projected under SSP1 and
SSP3, and R1S1 and R2S2 scenarios. The future impact of stressors on groundwater
resources was assessed using well-calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool
(SWAT) and Modular Finite-difference Flow (MODFLOW) models. Results show that the
annual maximum and minimum temperatures will increase between 0.21 to 2.04˚C (1.125˚C)
and 0.66 to 3.41˚C (2.035˚C) under climate change scenarios. The annual rainfall will change
between -1% to 29% under both climate change scenarios. The population will increase by
18.2 and 22.3M under SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios, and urban land will expand by 2751 and
2364km2 under R1S1 and R2S2 scenarios. Under the combined pressure of three stressors,
the groundwater levels will fall between 35 to 50m by 2095. A comprehensive adaptation
policy was formulated to offset the negative impact of stressors. The impact of climate
change and human developments on groundwater resources in Lahore will increase in the
future as a consequence of rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, increasing population, and
expanding urban areas. Results can improve the understanding of concerned institutions.
Evaluation of adaptation policy is recommended.
99
Page
IPSAC-100
High Resolution Multi-Model Projections of Climate Change in Different Emission
Scenarios for the District Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Punjab, Pakistan
Imran Nadeem
Climate Change and Adaptation Specialist, International Water Management Institute

(IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: i.nadeem@cgiar.org
ABSTRACT
In this study, future climate projections of temperature and precipitation and other extreme
indices over RYK are analysed by using output of five best performing general circulation
model (GCM) selected from 21 GCMs of Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project (CMIP6). The selection of models is based on the performance of GCMs in the
historical period evaluated against the gridded data of ERA5-Land (Munoz-Sabater et al.,
2021). The future projections are based on two shared socioeconomic pathway-representative
concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios namely, SSP245 and SSP585. The selected
GCMs are statistically downs called at the horizontal resolution of 10-km using the Quantile
Delta Mapping (Gudmundsson et al., 2012), taking ERA5-Land as the base period data for
the years 1981-2010. The analysis is done for three defined periods of 2021–2040 (near-
future), 2036–2065 (mid-century) and 2071–2100 (end-century). The preliminary results
show a warming trend in temperature for all time periods under both scenarios and shift in
precipitation patterns especially in the last decades of the 2100 century.
100
Page
IPSAC-101
Women-Led Climate Resilience
Anum Haider* and Shahbaz Nasir Khan
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering and Technology, University of

Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: anumuaf2024@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
One of the biggest problems of our day is the combination of gender inequality with the
climate disaster. It puts at risk women's and girls' safety, security, and means of subsistence
all over the world. The crucial links between gender, social equity, and climate change have
historically been difficult for climate scientists, academics, and policymakers to draw. It's
time to discuss the uneven effects of climate change and the connections between women's
empowerment and effective, global climate action. Gender is not "neutral" in the climate
catastrophe. Climate change has a disproportionately negative impact on women and girls,
amplifying existing gender disparities and posing special risks to their livelihoods, health, and
safety. During droughts and seasons of irregular rainfall, women labor even harder as
agricultural workers and primary procurers. Girls are under much more pressure because they
frequently have to drop out of school to assist their mothers in carrying the heavier load. As a
"threat multiplier," climate change amplifies social, political, and economic pressures in
unstable and conflict-affected environments. Due to long-standing gender disadvantages that
have led to differences in information, mobility, decision-making, access to resources, and
training, women are less likely to escape disasters and more likely to suffer injuries. Climate
change and natural disasters threaten the health of women and girls by restricting access to
services and healthcare, as well as by raising hazards for maternal and child health. Extreme
heat is connected to a higher rate of stillbirth, and climate change is accelerating the spread of
vector-borne diseases including malaria, which are associated with poorer maternal and
newborn outcomes. As a solution to this We must acknowledge and be able to quantify the
disproportionate effects of the climate issue on women and girls, and we must make sure that
women are represented in positions of power and at the center of initiatives to build
sustainable economies. Development of projects that improve socio economic wellbeing of
women and girls.
Keywords: Catastrophe, susceptibility, mobility, rehabilitate, global climate action, women

labor.
101
Page
IPSAC-102
Leveraging remote sensing for agricultural sustainability: Real-time crop health
monitoring of cotton crops in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Danyal Khan*, Adala Khan, Toheed Ghani Mahesar, Saqib Sohail, Junaid
Ahmad and Ayesha Alam Khurram
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: futurehonour42@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Milliner‘s cotton initiative (MCI) was promulgated in 2019 by mutual collaboration of
Artistic Milliners, denim company of future and WWF-P, independent international
organization. MCI aimed at transforming conventional farming in Rahim Yar Khan by
providing digital pathway of climate smart agriculture, thus ensuring sustainable cotton
production system. Since 1920s application of remote sensing (RS) technologies have been
developing gradually and in combination with precision farming, these technologies have
been used for monitoring cotton growth stages, irrigation scheduling, pest management and
fertilizer (Nitrogen) analysis. With the help of Crop2X, Satellite imaginary and soil sensors
data were recorded on weekly basis. NDVI helped in vegetation assessment and yield
estimation by using ArcMap 10. A comparative correlation was developed between sample
(with RS device) and control field (without RS device). Water scarcity has become major
limitation in cotton growing areas and cardinal strategy is needed to optimize water usage to
maintain water use efficiency (WUE). According to recorded and analyzed results 4.46 ML
water was used in sample cotton field while 5.94ML water was used in control cotton field
during whole season. According to nitrogen input analysis 51080.75ppm nitrogen was used in
sample field against 8513ppm in control cotton field; consequently, halted unbalanced
application of chemical fertilizers and helped farmers to attain profitable nutrient inputs.
Keywords: Climate smart agriculture, Remote sensing, Water use efficiency, Precision
farming
102
Page
IPSAC-103
Cropland distribution mapping in selected districts of Province Punjab and Sindh using
Remote Sensing Satellite data and machine learning algorithm
Muhammad Asif, Usman Akram, Asad Imran, Liaqat Ali Khan, Toheed Ghani, Mirza Wajid
Ali, Usama Maqsood
ABSTRACT
The agriculture sector plays a critical role in Pakistan‘s economy, adding significantly to the
country's GDP and ensuring food security. The mapping of cropland is essential for
determining potential crop yield and for managing agricultural fields sustainably. The use of
remote sensing technology and machine learning algorithms has become more widespread in
recent years to map cropland within small-holder dominated agricultural systems. Sentinel-
2A, a satellite equipped with a multispectral sensor, is particularly useful for cropland
mapping as it provides vegetation indices and is available for free. In this study, a machine
learning classifier, Support vector machine (SVM), was used in Google Earth Engine (GEE)
to classify Sentinel-2A satellite images over the selected districts of Province Punjab and
Sindh to extract the seven land use land cover classes including cropland, forest, orchard,
wetland, grassland, settlement, and other land. The study found that the total cropland area in
selected districts was 28.36% in Bahawalpur, 75.78% in Jhang, 75.14% in Muzaffargarh,
85.80% in Khanewal, 89.98% in Sahiwal, 76.51% in Multan, 92.86% in Lodhran, 51.43% in
Ghotki, 21.66% in Khairpur, and 35.40% in Sukkur. The results show that the SVM
algorithm along with high resolution Sentinel-2A images accurately classified cropland, with
an overall accuracy of 88%. This study was conducted under WWF-Pakistan‘s Better Cotton
Growth & Innovation Fund Project in Sindh and Punjab Provinces and will serve as baseline
to understand the spatial patterns and management of agricultural resources in provincial as
well as nation level. The study was conducted under Better Cotton Projects in Sindh &
Punjab.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, Google Earth Engine (GEE), Support Vector Machine (SVM),
Cropland, Agriculture
103
Page
IPSAC-104
Application of Robotics in Precision Agriculture
Saad Abid Cheema1, Shahbaz Nasir Khan1, Muhammad Waqar Akram2, Hasan Tariq1,
Abdullah Khalid1, Fakhr Abbas1
1.
2.
Department of Farm Machinery and Power, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: saadabidcheema568@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Robotics terms refer to the technology techniques in engineering with working and
manufacture of robots. Now day‘s robots are working more in all fields then humans such as
in industry of any type, designing of very small things and in Agriculture fields. Agricultural
manufacturing system has rapidly changed in the last few decades with enhancement in
robotics and artificial intelligence-based technologies. Lack of Laboure during extreme
cropping season has also focuses the need for an alternative option for safe and sustainable
agricultural system using, machine learning and robotics for carrying out agricultural works.
The other factor is population that is increasing day by day and to overcome their food
requirements robotics techniques is being used. Extended use of electronics and computer
application has made the working of robotic system possible for various agriculture
operations. Artificial Intelligence in agriculture has brought an agricultural revolution the
application of robotics will help in various field operations for movement, localization,
capturing, targeting, and moving to the next target using drones for addressing spatial as well
as temporal management of crops. Same operation can be used in spraying, weeding as well
as harvesting of fruits. These technologies are integrated with GPS and Artificial Intelligence
for precise application. However, these technologies seem to be in developing stage, there is
a need to adopt these technologies methods to enhance our future agriculture and food needs.
These technologies save the excess use of water, pesticides, herbicides, maintains the fertility
of the soil, also helps in the efficient use of manpower and elevate the productivity and
improve the quality. Furthermore, so much research and development is being required for
the improvements of robotics in agriculture
Keywords: Agricultural Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, GPS

104
Page
IPSAC-105
International Laws for the Distribution of Land Usage; Achieving Sustainable
Agriculture
Muhammad Fahad Malik1, Kaniz Fatima2, Mehwish Noor3 and Ehsan Ali4
1.
Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2.
School of Law, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
3.
Department of English, Mukabbir College (Affiliated with University of Sargodha), Gujrat,
Pakistan
4.
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan,
Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: fahadmalikawan98@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The availability of food and a clean environment are the most startling concerns for the
human race in the near future. Both of these concerns are either directly or indirectly
associated with our land. The United Nations (UN) is concentrating on the 2030 sustainable
development agenda (SGDs). Among the associated objectives are the eradication of poverty
and hunger, gender equality, climate control, and the preservation of life on land. This paper
examines the international law policies pertaining to land use. The prudent use of land entails
the equitable allocation of land, i.e. agricultural and non-agricultural land, in order to address
the food problem and preserve the environment. In addition, other concerns pertaining to the
use of land, such as the distribution of residential and commercial land are also addressed in
this research. This study is based on doctrinal legal research since it discusses and analyzes
international law and international policy relevant to the topic. This article urges the subjects
of international law to adhere to and favorably implement the policies and international rules
pertaining to the proper use of land. The work provides scholars with a fresh angle from
which to investigate land law.
Keywords: UN Sustainable development Goals, 2030, Sustainable Agriculture, Land Laws,

Land Distribution, Green Environment, International Law
105
Page
IPSAC-106
Sustainable Way of Transforming Agricultural Waste to Energy through
Thermochemical Process
Muhammad Mubashar Omar1, Kamran Ikram2, Faisal Mahmood1, Waqar Akram3,

Muhammad Nadeem3, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer2
1.
Department of Energy Systems Engineering,
2.
Department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Information Technology Rahimyar khan.
3.
Department of Farm Machinery & Power University of Agriculture Faisalabad
ABSTRACT
The main point that describes development of any country is through energy. Rapid
industrialization and urbanization have increased the energy demands in the country.
Approximately the shortfall in the country is 5000MW. Developed countries are meeting the
energy demands through renewable energy sources. Pakistan is producing approximately 81
million tons of biomass annually that can be combusted for meeting the rural heating
requirements or burnt directly to get rid of it. Adaptation of alternative conversion techniques
will help in meeting the energy demands besides waste management but also decreases the
impot bill. Conversion of biomass into biofuels is the most reliable source for producing bio-
oil and gas using thermochemical approach. The process is carried out in presence of
oxidizing medium. Upon successful conversion of one kg biomass the product gas can be 2.2
m3 depending upon the equivalence ratio. The higher heating values of the gas ranges
between 6-8MJ/m3 depending on the composition of the feed stock as well as type of
oxidizing medium as well as its pretreatment. The product gas (syngas) comprised Methane
hydrogen and Carbon monoxide as combustible gas. Similarly, the moisture of the biomass
has a significant effect on gas heating values as well as tar production during the process.
Gasification and pyrolysis process can recover up to 80% of the chemical energy of the
biomass. Adaptation of this technology will create new jobs in the country as well as enables
its adopters to minimize the dependence on the natural gas in remote areas.
Keywords: Gasification, Equivalence ratio, Gasifying agent, Pre-treatment, Syngas.
106
Page
IPSAC-107
Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources of Quetta: Future Opportunities for
Sustainable Development
Malik Muhammad Akhtar *, Rida Faisal
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Informatics, Balochistan

University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta,
87300, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: drmalikma21@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change is a hot issue global and challenge for researchers. It has several impacts on
the earth and its systems, such as reduced agriculture production, melting of glaciers, rise in
level of sea and non-availability of the water resources. Pakistan was included the top ten
countries in the global climate risk index 2019 which are most susceptible to climate change.
Climate change related calamities has caused almost 10,000 mortalities and financial losses
of about $4 billion from 173 extreme events of weather. Global climate changes and water
resources are profoundly interconnected. Climate change has extremely impacted the water
resources which is obvious from the alteration in monsoon patterns. The objective of current
study is to use hydro-informatics applications to explore overall water resources and
groundwater recharge issues for Quetta valley and future opportunities for sustainable
development of the under-stress water resources. Due to appropriate water quality,
groundwater is preferable source of portable water and other uses. Climate change has
affected the hydrological cycle and generating pressure on natural recharge of groundwater
because of urbanizations and extensive industrial activities. Underground water resources of
Balochistan are already being oppressed to the maximum. Upsurge in sustainable resources
of water in the country can be accomplished through a combination of aquifers of
groundwater and amenities of surface water. Integrating realistic situations of water resources
is an essential component of sustainable development. Management of water resources need a
stable and careful review of existing knowledge under a comprehensive framework.
Sustainability of impacts of climate change on water resources can be a needed in
Balochistan that already have low levels of water resources and frequent droughts or floods,
and subject to imbalances between water demands and available resources. Comprehensive
and integrated efforts farmers, local society, policy makers, academia, NGOs and scientists
can offer better outcomes to lessen the hazards of climate change on agriculture sector and
limited local water resources. Consequently, there is a need to expand the evaluation of
effects of climate change by using hydrological simulation models. This research will review
water resources and their variability in Quetta, the topical studies on software applications to
understand the impacts of climate change on hydrological system, and the existing policy
actions. Water management by enhancing storage capacity, rainwater harvesting, well water
distribution, river health, and watershed management would be more effective options to
reduce the negative effects of climate change on under stress water resource of Quetta.
Keywords: Climate Change, Water Resources, Groundwater, Agriculture, Sustainable,

Balochistan
107
Page
IPSAC-108
Water, Energy, Food and Ecosystem (WEFE): Mapping Disconnect Between Policy and
Practice in District Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Punjab, Pakistan
Abdur Rehman Cheema*, Muhammad Tahir Ali
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: a.cheema@cgiar.org
ABSTRACT
Nexus is basically about the linking of two or more things together. Nexus gain here refers to
the cross-sectoral benefits that could be harnessed by addressing water, energy, food and
ecosystem components through an interdisciplinary approach. Sustainability and climate are
integral parts of the nexus approach. Although there have been approaches such as the
Integrated Landscape Approach and Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), the
nexus approach combining water, energy and food instead of prioritising water over other
components, focuses on the interdependencies of these resources to achieve sustainability
(FAO, 2014). Despite the benefits of the nexus approach, public, private and non-profit
stakeholders do not always effectively work together across sectoral boundaries. This often
leads to incomplete knowledge and unintended, short-sighted policy decisions that result in a
waste of resources and exacerbate vulnerabilities. Engaging multiple actors across scales and
sectors to co-develop and jointly own nexus components, called nexus governance, can lead
to the optimisation of mutual benefits (Jones & White, 2022). This study reports results from
an ongoing study that aims to assess the possibilities of the application of the nexus gain
approach in district Rahim Yar Khan (RYK). The Nexus approach is multicentric, not water-
centric like integrated water resources management. It aims to connect systems to optimize
equitable economic and social welfare and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it
considers a broad range of actors and stakeholders to overcome disciplinary and
administrative silos. It requires a polycentric and multi-level governance framework, which
makes the co-development and implementation of nexus solutions challenging as it is
interwoven with a complex political economy. The field team conducted seven key informant
interviews and three focus group discussions with groundwater and surface water managers
and users in district Rahim Yar Khan (RYK). These interactive engagements included
government departments, the private sector, academia, urban authorities, and farmer
communities. Initial results show that there is no to very little knowledge of the key policy
documents pertaining to water such as the National Climate Change Policy, National Water
Policy & Punjab Water Act in district RYK. Secondly, there exists a communication gap
among the departments as one department is not aware of the activities of other departments
though their activities are interdependent. On the ground, some farmers are adapting to
climate conditions by changing their agricultural practices and cropping patterns. There
remains an entire absence of any formal information-sharing system pertaining to surface
water availability in non-perennial and perennial canals. Urban Authority (Tehsil Municipal
Authority) is poorly resourced to estimate, manage and sustain surface and groundwater
supplies - total disconnect among urban water management departments.
108
Page
IPSAC-109
Scope of HBV hydrological model in flood forecasting
Yasir Abbas1*, Shahbaz Nasir Khan1, Rana Ammar Aslam1, Ch. Arslan1, Muhammad Usman
Farid1, Mazhar Iqbal2, Aliza Mehboob1
1.
2.
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: yasirabbasuaf@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Flood is an overflow of water onto dry land. The inundation of dry area due to rising water in
an existing waterway, such as a river, stream. Flooding causes loss of life, property damage,
agricultural destruction, and animal losses. A technique of forecasting and predicting the
extent, timing, and length of floods based on known features of a river basin. There are many
methods used for flood forecasting in which best models like HBV, SWAT, and ML model.
Models are classified into two types simple and hybrid. Achievement of the method is
evaluated in terms of R2 and RMSE, in addition to the generalization ability, robustness,
computation cost, and speed. The hydrologic processes depend on many parameters like
precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiations, evapotranspiration,
vegetation, soil characteristics, land use, land cover etc. which makes it much more complex
and difficult to get a reliable relationship among all the parameters. Models are described
about weather forecasting, climate change and flood forecasting. In the 1970s the HBV
hydrological model has been applied in more than 50 countries and it is now a standard tool
for hydrologists in the Nordic area. It has appeared in many shapes and for a great number of
applications. Many of these are in basins with poor data coverage or even ungauged basins. It
has also been used in many river basins where uncalibrated output from a hydrological model
is the only realistic option due to shortage of data. These results can be further used to find
out the impact of climate change, change in land use, urbanization, forecast runoff and
extreme events like flash floods etc. These results are produced in a rather pragmatic way,
with generalized parameter values, but they are much better than nothing.
Keywords: Flood forecasting, Hydrologic processes, HBV hydrological model.
109
Page
IPSAC-110
Reclaiming Crop Land and Overcoming the Challenges of Climate Change and
Flooding: A Study on Soil, Crop Land, and Cropping Pattern
Hafsa Ayub1*, Samia Jawad1, Muhammad Arshad1, Atta Ullah2

1.
Department of irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan
2.
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad-Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s Email: rajpoothafsa24@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The increasing occurrences of extreme weather conditions, such as floods, brought on by the
impacts of climate change, have had significant effects on soil, crop land, and cropping
patterns. This has resulted in food scarcity and the destruction of vital agricultural lands,
which has significant implications for global food security. The need for effective
reclamation methods to overcome these problems has become critical. Examine the effects of
climate change and floods on soil, crop land, and cropping patterns and to investigate
reclamation methods to overcome these problems. The study will also analyze the necessary
strategies required to deal with the destruction caused by floods and to restore the lost
agricultural land to productive use. Reclamation methods will be evaluated based on their
ability to restore soil structure, improve soil fertility, and increase the productivity of the
land. Strategies to deal with the destruction caused by floods will also be considered,
including the use of drought-resistant crops, the implementation of conservation practices,
and the use of innovative technologies for land reclamation. The results of this study will
provide critical information for the development of sustainable land reclamation and
agricultural management practices. The findings will inform decision-makers, farmers, and
other stakeholders about the most effective strategies for restoring soil, crop land, and
cropping patterns and overcoming the effects of climate change and floods. Study will
provide essential information to help mitigate the effects of floods and climate change on
soil, crop land, and cropping patterns. This will contribute to the efforts to increase food
security and promote sustainable agricultural practices that benefit the environment, the
economy, and communities.
Keywords: weather, climate change, Floods, mitigation, reclamation, cropping pattern,

drought resistant crops
110
Page
IPSAC-111
A fundamental study on the Control of Temperature and Humidity in Agricultural
greenhouses
Aneela Sarwar, Muhammad Sultan*
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800,

Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s email: muhammadsultan@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Greenhouse crop production or controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is one of the best
ways to meet the food demand worldwide. The suboptimal environmental conditions
especially temperature and humidity in the sense of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the
greenhouse result in the decay of crops. The literature explains that high temperature and
humidity in the greenhouse cause low crop yield and fungal attacks, respectively. In this
regard, the study aims to explore conventional and emerging options for temperature and
humidity control for greenhouses, particularly in developing countries. Achieve energy-
efficient air-conditioning (AC) systems in greenhouses is one of the major targets.
Conventional air conditioning options like direct evaporative cooling (DEC) and vapor
compression-based air conditioning (VAC) are constrained by increases in humidity and
extensive energy consumption, respectively. The study discusses the fundamentals of
emerging air conditioning options including indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), Maisotsenko-
cycle evaporative cooling (MEC), and desiccant air conditioning (DAC) for the greenhouse.
In addition, the study reviews some of the most commonly used models present in the
literature to control the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse climate. In conclusion,
the importance of the discussed models in energy-efficient greenhouses for developing
countries is reviewed.
Keywords: Greenhouse; air-conditioning; evaporative cooling; desiccant dehumidification;

control models
111
Page
IPSAC-112
Study on the evaporative cooling and desiccant dehumidification systems for VPD
control in agricultural greenhouses
Hafiz M.U. Raza, Muhammad Sultan*

Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s email: muhammadsultan@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooling integrated desiccant dehumidification (M-DAC)
system is proposed for greenhouse air-conditioning application. There are different kinds of
heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems available in market, and can be
used to achieve desired conditions. Conventional cooling techniques are compressor-based,
direct evaporative cooling (DEC), and ventilation systems do not appear to be an energy-
efficient choice while consuming high electricity and contributing much to the phenomena of
global warming. In the present study, low-cost Maisotsenko Cycle evaporative cooling
assisted desiccant air-conditioning (M-DAC) system is proposed for greenhouse air-
conditioning application. M-DAC system could be an alternative solution for greenhouse
crop production which can also be operated by renewable energy e.g., solar thermal heat and
biogas/biomass. According to results, it is noticed that the standalone desiccant
dehumidification system has the potential to dehumidify the ambient air but could not create
the required greenhouse AC conditions. Results also show that the M-DAC system is feasible
and has the potential to create the required greenhouse AC conditions for the climatic
conditions of Multan Pakistan.
Keywords: evaporative cooling; air-conditioning; desiccant dehumidification; greenhouse

climates; Pakistan
112
Page
IPSAC-113
Energy-efficient Adsorbents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Muhammad Aleem, Muhammad Sultan*

Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s email: muhammadsultan@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has become a promising prospect to mitigate the
current deficiency of freshwater. Adsorption-based AWH technologies have acquired
popularity because of their versatility in low humid areas, less infrastructure, and ability to be
operated with low-grade waste heat source of ~100°C. In this regard, the study explores
performance of adsorption-based AWH system from viewpoints of fundamental adsorbent
properties, effect of operational parameters including condenser (T_cond) and desorption
(T_des) temperatures, and water production potential (WPP) throughout the globe and energy
performance based on first (η_I) and second (η_II) law efficiencies as a function of T_des.
Therefore, a thermodynamic modeling is performed by utilizing heat and mass balance
equations incorporated with adsorption equilibrium model of advanced zeolite (AQSOA-
Z02) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) including, MIL-53(Ga), MIL-160, and alum
fumarate. It was observed that with increase in T_cond, WPP is progressively decreasing
while with increase in T_des WPP is gradually increasing, thereby suggesting lower T_cond
and higher T_des. Additionally, the η_I of 0.26, 0.36, 0.30, and 0.50, respectively while the
η_II of 0.11, 0.14, 0.10, and 0.14 can be achieved. For cascaded configuration with choice of
alum fumarate the η_I and η_II of ~0.7 and ~0.23, respectively can be achieved i.e., greater
in huge margin than refrigeration based AWH system.
Keywords: Atmospheric water harvesting; adsorption/desorption; zeolite; MOFs; water

production potential; thermodynamic modeling
113
Page
IPSAC-114
Development and Adoption of Integrated Wastewater Treatment System for Safe
Agricultural Reuse
Rana Muhammad Asif Kanwar*, Zahid Mahmood Khan
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road,

Multan 60800, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: asifkanwar40@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wastewater (WW) volume generated from both domestic and industrial sectors has increased
due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. This showed that the WW treatment was
critically needed for a sustainable agricultural reuse. Therefore, an integrated secondary
Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was designed and developed at the Agricultural
Engineering Department, BZU Multan. The major process units of the WWT system
developed included a primary clarifier, cascade aeration, trickling filter, adsorption filter and
chlorination contact tank. The maize cob and date palm fibre were used as biofilm support
media in trickling filter. The Adsorption bioreactor was operated using the composite
adsorbent (refused crushed brick + rice husk + steel slags). The maximum adsorption uptake
of composite adsorbent was observed as 0.6 mg/g for ammonium and 3.5 mg/g for
phosphorus. Kinetic analysis showed that the composite adsorbent had a faster removal rate
for phosphate than ammonium. The maximum desorption of ammonium and phosphate was
found to be 14.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The performance of Integrated WWTP was also
evaluated using the various COD-TN ratios and flow rates. The removal efficiencies of COD,
TN and TP were found 93%, 87% and 86%, respectively, and their corresponding mean
effluent concentrations were noted 18 mg/L, 5.5 mg/L and 2.3 mg/L. The developed
Integrated WWTP removed the 3log of the total count and total coliform and 2log of
Escherichia coli and salmonella. So, the Integrated WWT system could be efficient for
wastewater treatment due to the steady removal rate of COD, TN and TP.
Keywords: Integrated WWTP, Agriculture, Trickling Filter; Adsorption Filter, Microbial

Contaminants
114
Page
IPSAC-115
Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Benefits and Advancements of Precision Farming in
Minimizing Waste and Enhancing Output
Muhammad Waqar Hanif 1*, Zahid Mehmood Khan1, Ehtesham Yaseen3, Atta Ullah2, Abdul
Rehman Zahoor2, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Muhammad Asim4, Saqib Ali2, Nadeem Zubair1
1.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, BZU Multan, Pakistan
2.
Faisalabad-Pakistan
3.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan
4.
Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad-Pakistan
*Corresponding author‘s Email: raowaqar822@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Precision farming is an innovative way to manage farms that lets farmers make decisions
based on data that is collected in real time. With this site-specific method, farmers use high-
tech tools like sensors, samplers, and tools for analyzing data to adapt their farming methods
to the specific conditions of each field. Precision farming takes advantage of the power of big
data and modern technology to help farmers use inputs like water, fertilizer, and seeds more
efficiently. This cuts down on waste and saves money. Precision farming has become more
popular because of the growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly farming
methods, as well as the need to be more efficient and productive as the world's food needs
grow. Large farms in developed countries have started to use this method, but its possible
benefits go far beyond these systems. Precision farming also gives small farmers in
developing countries a lot of chances to improve their lives and help with sustainable
development. In the past few years, improvements in technology have led to a lot of new
tools and systems that make precision farming easier, faster, and more accurate. From
satellite-based remote sensing to automated monitoring systems and advanced data analytics,
the tools farmers have today give them a level of accuracy and control that has never been
seen before. This not only helps farmers get the most out of their crops, but it could also help
reduce the damage agriculture does to the environment. But even though precision farming
has clear benefits, it has been slow to spread in some areas because of a lack of technical
infrastructure, a lack of skilled workers, and legal and regulatory barriers. To get the most out
of precision farming, it's important that the right policies and incentives are in place to
encourage more people to use it. This includes making changes to the legal system and
technical infrastructure and getting more money and help from the public and private sectors.
In the end, precision farming is a promising solution to the problems of sustainable
agriculture because it gives farmers the tools and data, they need to make good decisions and
get the most out of their inputs. Precision farming has the potential to change the way we do
farming, leading to more efficiency, productivity, and sustainability for generations to come
if we keep investing in and supporting it.
Keywords: Precision farming, Sensors, Sustainable development, Geographical information

system, Technical infrastructure
115
Page
IPSAC-116
Sustainable Reverse Engineering Approach for Agricultural Machinery
Mahmood Riaz 1,2*, Shahzad Ahmad 1,2, Muhammad Khalid2 , Hadeed Ashraf 1,2,
Muhammad Awais 1,2
1.
Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI), Multan 60800, Pakistan
2.
Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author Email: alpaeamri@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Adoption of the correct mechanized technology for agricultural production is the only way to
address labour issues and rising input prices. In order to ensure farming efficiency and meet
food demand, mechanized vegetable farming using cutting-edge technologies is unavoidable.
Mechanized vegetable farming is also not affected by environmental conditions. Within the
allotted time, it increases crop quality and yield. The design of the machinery can be
improved by local manufacturers through reverse engineering to better suit the unique
requirements and circumstances of regional farmers. To address the issues that vegetable
growers have with nursery transplanting, a two-row vegetable nursery transplanter is
fabricated locally. Solidworks/Ansys is used to simulate individual parts utilizing a 3-D
scanner, CAM/CAD models for geometry generation, and other contemporary technologies.
These modern tools are not even helpful in reverse engineering of machines but also to train
local machinery manufacturers. It is estimated that the input cost can be reduced 20-30% by
the adoption of mechanized farming.
116
Page
IPSAC-117
Remote Sensing and GIS approaches for effective water management and preservation
in newly established agriculture lands
Abdul Rehman Zahoor1*, Shahbaz Nasir Khan1, Arfan Arshad2, Rana Ammar Aslam1,
Atta Ullah1 and Umer Maqsood3
1.
2.
Department of Biosystem and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, United
States
3.
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: abdulrehmanzahoor456@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization is a serious challenge for governments worldwide today. This issue is on
the rise due to urbanizing at the fastest rate in South Asia about 3% each year. Urbanization
results in a permanent loss of agricultural land, both directly due to land acquisition and
indirectly because of use of agricultural land for non-productive rural activities.
Unfortunately, this urbanization is taking place on agricultural land which not only affects
farming activities, energy losses but also disturbs the canal water which is lost, either it is
used illegally or thrown in sea or ocean. As a result, urbanization the command area is
shifting from the place where urbanization is occurring now to the newest places where no
network of canals exists. We know 3% of the water on Earth is freshwater from which only
around 1.2 % of that can be used; the remainder is trapped in glaciers, permafrost, and ice
caps, or is buried far below. According to a NASA-led study, global water demand is
expected to rise by 55% between 2000 - 2050. We need to adopt better techniques for the
supply, conservation, and management of water efficiently. Remote sensing has been a
significant instrument in studying the Earth's surface and thus in providing valuable
information essential for hydrologic analysis since the arrival of remote sensing earth-
observing satellites. Remote sensing techniques have positively impacted water resource
management and assessment procedures because of their capacity for capturing spatial
variations in hydro-meteorological variables and frequent temporal resolution sufficient to
describe the hydrologic processes. For this we can use satellite extracted images, process and
classify it. The ArcGIS and ERDAS Image softwares can be used for spectral analysis to
classify images for the identification of terrestrial characteristics. The multispectral data can
be used to categories terrestrial objects, vegetation, water bodies, canals, and tree shadows for
the classification of the satellite extracted image. We scan use normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) for the
reconstruction/diversion of our canal system for the better supply, conservation, and
management of water. Conservation efforts boost productivity and add to the symphony of
sustainability, enhancing progress against changing climate.
Keywords: urbanization, Canal water system, command area, supply, conservation and
management of water, Remote sensing, earth-observing satellites, ArcGIS and ERDAS
117
Image software, NDVI and NDWI.

Page
IPSAC-118
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Key Industrial Cities in Pakistan using
Downscaled Aura OMI Satellite, Agriculture, and Environmental Proxies
Abdul Rehman Zahoor1,*, Shahbaz Nasir Khan1, Rana Ammar Aslam1, Muhammad
Shahbaz1, Atta Ullah1, Arfan Arshad2
1.
Faisalabad-Pakistan
2.
Department of Biosystem and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, United
States
*Corresponding author‘s Email: abdulrehmanzahoor456@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the most pressing global issues of our time, with emissions from
industrial burning, vehicle burning, and biomass open burning contributing a major role to its
devastating effects. In particular, the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx),
and carbon dioxide (CO2) are of great concern. Their presence in the troposphere interferes
with a variety of environmental phenomena as well as human health and visibility. NOx and
SOx exposure to vegetation may have an impact on how they develop and reduce their ability
to withstand drought and cold conditions, with Pakistan being one of the countries most
affected by these emissions. Furthermore, the effects of these emissions on the regional and
local environment are additional sources of stress. In order to effectively combat climate
change, it is essential to reduce the emissions of NOx, SOx, and CO2.Investigation of hotspot
areas with high density emission columns can be conducted using Remote Sensing (RS) and
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data. Aura can be used to acquire OMI satellite data,
and downscaling can be utilized to convert coarse resolution images to fine resolution
images. This can be done in order to assess regional agricultural patterns, calculate risk
levels, and measure land surface temperature (LST) rise. As a result, suitable mitigation plans
and air pollution control policies can be proposed. This research can be used to identify the
source of these pollutants and identify potential mitigation methods. Possible mitigation
methods include air pollution control strategies such as stricter emissions regulations,
improved air quality monitoring, increased use of renewable energy sources, and improved
public awareness campaigns. In addition, the implementation of air pollution control policies,
such as the execution of stringent environmental regulations, can help to reduce emissions
and improve air quality. It is important to understand the risks associated with climate
change, and to take proactive steps towards mitigating the effects of emissions. Through
education and awareness initiatives, it is possible to engage people in the fight against climate
change and encourage them to adopt sustainable practices.
Keywords: Climate change, emissions, OMI, LST, mitigation and sustainable practices
118
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IPSAC-119
Development and Testing of Carrot Washer for Small Scale Farmers
Muhammad Farooq1,2, Kamran Ikram2, Manzoor Ahmed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Ashraf2,
Noman Ali Buttar2, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2, Farwa Saeed2, Abbas Ali2
1.
Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed UEIT, Rahim Yar Khan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: kamran2115@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Carrot harvesting is a laborious and time-consuming operation. Nearly 200–350-man hours
are required for pulling out and washing of carrots from one hectare in conventional
harvesting methos. The harvesting process involves pulling out carrot crop from soil and
washing process. Washing carrots is mandatory to make is market acceptable. Nearly 30-35%
of harvesting time is consumed in carrot washing process. Mechanical operations can reduce
labor requirement up to 80% during carrot harvesting. A motor operated carrot washing
machine was developed to give the best solution to this problem. The carrot washing machine
consisted of circular Drum made of wooden strips and a center pipe made of steel with holes
drilled on it for water spraying. The carrot washing machine was put to test against manual
washing in the agricultural field and the machine proved to be time efficient. The appropriate
rotation of the drum was found to be 40 to 45 rpm and washing capacity was 25 to 30
Mond/hr. Performance trial on the machine shown that the average washing efficiency is
approximately 98%. This machine can also be used for washing other root crops to make
these vegetables ready for the market.
119
Page
IPSAC-120
Environmental Control Shed Equipped with Geothermal Energy for Sustainable
Poultry Farming
Muhammad Shahbaz1*, Muhammad Usman Farid1, Muhammad Husnain Ashraf1, Abdul

Ghafoor2, Furqan Muhayodin2, Ch. Arslan1, Abdul Nasir1, Hammad Hussain
1.
Faisalabad
2.
Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammadshahbaz5490@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The poultry sector is one of Pakistan's largest agriculture sectors which is significantly
contributing to meet food security in the country. It provides quick source of protein in the
form of chicken and other poultry products. Pakistan's poultry business has grown rapidly
since last decade and has become one of the major agro-based businesses uplifting the living
standards of farmers and rural communities. However, this very important sector of
agriculture is facing a number of problems, such as disease outbreaks, changes in retail
prices, the environment and climate change as well as energy crises. At large scale, poultry
birds are kept in controlled environment known as poultry sheds where the feeding and raring
is carried out with intense care. However, a significant amount of electricity (energy) is
consumed in order to maintain a feasible environment within the sheds as well as to supply
feed, lighting, water, and other essentials for the birds. Due to recent energy crisis and power
outage in the country, the poultry sector has severely affected. As a result, poultry prices have
significantly increased. In order to meet the target product outcome, smart poultry sheds with
environmental controlled system is needed. Moreover, there is also a need to introduce
alternative techniques to meet energy crisis especially for the poultry sector. Keeping in view
the problems and challenges faced by poultry industry, the current research work has been
planned to develop a small-scale Environmental Control Shed for the poultry birds. The
potential and utilization of geothermal energy will also be analyzed for the heating and
cooling of the control shed with respect to different operating parameters such as velocity of
air, time of the day, effect of season, the depth of the heat pipes etc.
Keywords: Controlled sheds, Poultry Farming, Energy, Environmental Sustainability 120

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IPSAC-121
Composite briquettes of banana and rice husk residue as an alternative fuel energy
S. Muhammad, S.H. Chatha, M. Laghari, F.A. Chandio, M. Mateen, A.A. Chohan
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Sindh,

Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: farman@sau.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The banana residues with rice husk for their potential of making briquettes to meet the energy
demand of rural areas of Pakistan. Banana leaves residues and rice husk was collected from a
nearby university area. The research was conducted at the Department of Energy and
Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam.
Banana leaves were well sun-dried and crushed by a biomass shredder machine then used for
briquette. Two different types of biomass, such as banana leaves and rice husk, were mixed
together in different ratios such as fine particles T1 (Banana 75% and Rice 25%), T2 (Banana
50% and Rice 50%), T3 (Banana 25% and Rice 75%), Coarse particle size T4 (Banana 75%
and Rice 25%) and T5 (Banana 50% and Rice 50%) and T6 (Banana 25% and Rice 75%) to
prepare briquettes. Furthermore, the maximum density (0.67g/ cm3) was recorded in T1
followed by T2 (0.65 g/ cm3) and then T3 (0.62 g/ cm3). Further, the maximum ignition time
(74 sec) was recorded in T3 followed by T2 (67 sec) and then T1 (64 sec) towards coarse
material. The maximum Ash Content (16.14%) was recorded in T3 followed by T2 (14.33%)
and then T1 (12.25%). Utilization of a higher percentage of banana leaves obtained higher
Ash Content of composite briquette than rice husk. The maximum burning rate (0.23g/min)
was recorded in T1 followed by T2 (0.19 g/min) and then T3 (0.17g/min) from coarse
material. The utilization of a higher percentage of rice husk remains a higher burning rate of
composite briquette than banana leaves. The maximum calorific value (16231.1 J/g) was
recorded in T3 followed by T2 (16552.1J/g) and then T1 (16725.1 J/g) for coarse material.
The utilization of a higher percentage of rice husk showed a higher calorific value of
composite briquette than banana leaves. The maximum volatile matter (74.31%) was
recorded in T1 followed by T2 (70.03%) and then T3 (64.32%) from coarse material as
compared to the briquette prepared. The maximum Fixed Carbon (16.04%) was recorded in
T3 followed by T2 (14.12%) and then T1 (12.44%). It is concluded that the utilization of a
higher percentage of banana leaves revealed higher fixed carbon of composite briquette and
the utilization of a higher percentage of rice husk achieved higher volatile matter of
composite briquette.
121
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IPSAC-122
Performance Assess the Solar-Cum-Gas Fired Drier (solar drier) and Open Sun Drying
for reduce in moisture level of red chillies
H.B. Khoso1, F.A. Chandio1, I.A. Mari1, S.A. Shaikh1, F. Ahmad2 S.T. Naz3
1.
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060,
Sindh, Pakistan.
2.
Pakistan.
3.
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Arid Zone Research Institute, Umerkot, Sindh,
Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Drying extends the shelf life of crops; thus, dryers with good designs will help them dry to an
optimum level. The present research work was carried out to assess and compare the
performance of conventional (CD), solar tunnel (STD), and solar cum gas-fired dryers (SGD)
for hot chilies drying. The Sanam variety was taken for research. Samples were divided into
three groups for CD, STD, and SGD, then weighed (each 2kg) and placed over the tray in a
single layer. The drying time was from 9:00 to 17:00. Electronic balance was used for weight
loss measurement. The inner and outer temperature and relative humidity of samples were
measured with a hygrometer. A digital solar radiation meter measured the solar radiation
during the drying period at two h intervals. The Essential Oil Association (EOA) method
determined the coloring strength of chilies. Results indicated that the highest temperature,
55°C, was recorded in SGD, followed by STD 44 and CD 34°C. The relative humidity was
17, 23, and 31% in SGD, STD, and CD, respectively. Similarly, the maximum reduction of
60.64% in moisture content was observed in SGD with a minimum time of 36 hrs. The SGD
showed better results in color strength values. It is concluded that SGD significantly
decreased drying time and dried the samples with higher color quality than STD and CD. It is
advised to use the SGD to dry hot peppers.
122
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IPSAC-123
Assessment of Lined and Unlined Watercourses in Terms of Conveyance Efficiency and
Seepage Losses
Abdul Wahid Chandio, Shoukat Ali Soomro, Farman Ali Chandio, Abdul Saboor Soomro,
Sheeraz Aleem Brohi & Muhammad Mateen
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan

ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the conveyance efficiency and seepage losses of lined
and unlined watercourses at different lengths (30%, 50%, and 80% of total length) in District
Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 9 watercourses were selected for the study,
including 3 brick-lined, 3 precast parabolic-lined, and 3 unlined watercourses located on the
left and right side of the Puraan Distributary. The results of the conveyance efficiency
revealed that at a 30% length, the maximum conveyance efficiency (98.14%) was observed in
parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared to brick-lined (97.10%) and unlined (80.27%)
watercourses. At a 50% length, the maximum conveyance efficiency (87.67%) was observed
in parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared to brick-lined (86.11%) and unlined (73.91%)
watercourses. At an 80% length, the maximum conveyance efficiency (81.22%) was
observed in parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared to brick-lined (76.16%) and unlined
(62.47%) watercourses. Overall, conveyance efficiency was maximum at 0-80% length in
parabolic-lined watercourses (89.01%) as compared to brick-lined (86.46%) and unlined
(72.22%) watercourses. The results of the seepage loss revealed that at a 30% length, the
minimum seepage loss (1.86%) was observed in parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared
to brick-lined (2.90%) and unlined (19.73%) watercourses. At a 50% length, the minimum
seepage loss (12.33%) was observed in parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared to brick-
lined (13.89%) and unlined (26.09%) watercourses. At an 80% length, the minimum seepage
loss (18.78%) was observed in parabolic-lined watercourses, as compared to brick-lined
(23.84%) and unlined (37.53%) watercourses. Overall seepage loss was minimum at 0-80%
length in parabolic-lined watercourses (10.99%) as compared to brick-lined (13.54%) and
unlined (27.78%) watercourses. In conclusion, the study found that at 30%, 50%, and 80%
lining length, parabolic-lined watercourses were more efficient in terms of conveyance
efficiency and seepage losses. Furthermore, the maintenance of the tertiary irrigation network
would improve overall performance. 123
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IPSAC-124
Agricultural Modernization and its influence on Agriculture Sustainability, (Spinach)
the Hydroponics system (NFT)
S. Ali1, F.A. Chandio1, S. A. Shaikh2, F. Ahmad3, M.H. Tunio1

1.
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060,
Sindh, Pakistan.
2.
School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
3.
Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Agricultural modernization is the process of transforming agriculture into dynamic,
technological advance, competitive and efficient use. This process plays a vital role in
moving forward to make major changes in social, environmental, and economic aspects. With
the increase in population, rapid climate change, and currently due to the global pandemic
(Covid-19), the world is thinking about indoor and soil-less cultivation. It is critical to
identify effective buffer chemicals which are capable of regulating the pH of nutrient solution
to a desirable level for the best hydroponic production of crops. Spinach was cultivated under
a hydroponic system for 40 days in the unadjusted control and pH and EC-adjusted nutrient
solutions. Furthermore, the 3 master blend, 2 MGSO4-1 (CANO3)2 mixture was prepared to
achieve an optimum solution for pH and EC (6.0 to 7.0 and 1.0 to 1.6 dS m-1), and the pH
and EC of water were maintained throughout the experiment. The highest chlorophyll content
SPAD values were obtained at 40 towards P10, whereas the lowest was obtained at P2
towards P3. The maximum steam height and dia of the plant (130, 3 mm) were found at P10,
whereas the minimum (63, 1.2 mm) were found at P3. Furthermore, the maximum root length
(300 mm) of the plant was revealed for P10, whereas the minimum (100 mm) was obtained
for P2. Hence, a mixture of 3 master blend - 2 MGSO4 -1 (CANO3)2 is recommended for
regulating the pH and EC of nutrient solution in the hydroponic production of leafy crops.
124
Page
IPSAC-125
Robotics in Crop Harvesting
Altaf Hussain, Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Shahbaz Ahmad Virk,
Muhammad Ahmad Fayyaz, Muhammad Hammad, Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Abbas Ali,
Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas

ABSTRACT
The world-wide demand for agricultural products is rapidly growing. However, despite the
growing population, labor shortage becomes a limiting factor for agricultural production.
Further automation of agriculture is an important solution to tackle these challenges. Crop
harvesting robot is a specially designed autonomous crop harvesting machine used on small
as well as big farms. Basically, there are two broad types of harvesting robots. One is for the
selective harvesting of crops such as fruit and vegetables, and the other type is used for large
field grain crops. To harvest the fruit, the fruit harvesting robot uses sensors and computer
vision to detect and estimate the position of the fruit and then inserts end-effectors into the
lower part of the fruit. Using robots for farm work can help farmers get better yield from their
crops, which is good for business. Farmers want every single seed they plant to grow into a
full-grown plant so that they can harvest as much produce as possible. Optimizing the process
is key to this.
125
Page
IPSAC-126
Feasibility of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil as a Substitute Fuel for Diesel Engines
Umair Khalid, Danish Saleem, Hashir Abdullah, Rahman Farooq, Umer Farooq
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and

Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: mumairkhalid777@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Because of the rapidly increasing demand for and price of petroleum derivatives, natural
disasters, and landfilling of waste plastic, plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) has gained a lot of
attention as an energy source. The pyrolysis interaction has become the key answer for this
problem all around the world by totally converting waste plastic to Plastic pyrolysis oil
(PPO). The purpose of this article is to discuss the usage of PPO in diesel engines in terms of
its filtration and physicochemical properties, as well as their impacts on the fuel's ignition,
emanation (emission) and performance qualities. The oxidative desulfurization and catalyst
treatment is the most trustworthy method for removing sulfur and improving the plastic
pyrolysis oil. Higher cylinder pressure, ignition delay and heat release rate have all been
found to have an effect on the PPO combustion analysis. The demonstration study of PPO
showed increased brake power, thermal efficiency, and reduced fuel usage. Nitrogen oxides
and hydrocarbon emissions have shown mixed tendencies in the literature on emission
analyses, meaning that while they sometimes tend to rise, they can also go in the other
manner. Due to the increased oxygen present during PPO, the outflow of carbon monoxide
(CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter is decreased. Generally, a low percentage
of PPO in the PPO-diesel mix doesn't allow for any changes to the diesel engine. The studies'
recommendation for PPO-diesel (10%-90%) mix as an alternate fuel for the engine is finally
reached. Keywords: Renewable energy; Plastic Waste; Plastic pyrolysis oil; Diesel engine;
Managing solid waste; Waste-derived energy; Emission characteristics.
126
Page
IPSAC-127
Design and Fabrication of Sugarcane Bud Cutting Machine
Altaf Hussain, Rizwan Ali, Muhammad Saqib, Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Abbas Ali,
Noman Ali Buttar, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Farwa Saeed

ABSTRACT
Sugarcane is a very important crop especially in a country like Pakistan where millions of
people use it and most of them are small farmers. To make sugarcane easier to grow, high-
quality machinery has been developed, but it is not available to smallholder farmers. It is
therefore necessary to develop a machine that can produce better results, offer higher profits
but still cost less and is easier to produce. Also, in the traditional method of planting
sugarcane, sugarcane is cut into pieces and buried. However, only a sprout is needed to grow
sugarcane. The design of our machine helps to cut single bud from sugarcane and saves time
compared to hand-made and other cutting processes. Our machine uses the combined
operation of an motor attached to a circular disk that is also connected to the rod which
facilitates the repeated movement of the cutter perpendicular over the cane, thus making it
easier to cut the cane stalk. This project aims to simplify the process of extracting buds using
the above-mentioned machine that requires less human labor, less investment and saves time
thus proving a lucrative investment for every farmer.
127
Page
IPSAC-128
Development of Machine Vision-Based Prototype Robotic Picking System for Fruits
M. Ahmad Mehmood1, Meer Hannan Dairath1, H. Umair Sarwar1, Umer Maqsood2, M.

Waqar Akram*1
1.
Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2.
Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: waqarakram@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
With the ongoing increase in the population, both qualitative and quantitative food demand is
exponentially increasing worldwide. On the other hand, urbanization is affecting land and
labor availability. To fill this productional/labor shortage gap precise applications of
agricultural inputs through automatic systems are exigently required to be used to obtain the
maximum outputs from minimum use of the resources. In this light, computer/machine
vision-based automatic systems are getting the vital attention of researchers in the past few
years. Machine vision-based robotic harvesting is one of such systems that reduces the time
consumption, labor requirement; and enhances the harvesting efficiency by eliminating
human-made errors. In the present study, a prototype machine vision-based robotic picking
platform is developed for the automatic picking of mature fruits. Therein, computer vision
algorithms are used for fruits detection followed by picking through a robotic arm. Different
image processing techniques are being used for fruits detection nowadays. The developed
system is capable of detecting, picking, and placing processed fruits. The detected visual
images information is transmitted to the robotic arm after being algorithmically processed
through the microcontroller Arduino UNO board that gives guidelines to the moveable
robotic arm to pick ripe fruit and place it at the specified location.
Keywords: Machine/Computer vision, Image processing, Robotic picking, Arduino UNO,

Fruit Picking
128
Page
IPSAC-129
3D Finite Element Analysis of Tine Cultivator and Soil Deformation
M. Hashaam1, M. Waqar Akram*1, M. Faheem1, Noman Ali Buttar2, Kamran Rauf1

1.
Department of Farm Machinery & Power, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2.
*Corresponding Author‘s email: waqarakram@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Tillage has been and will always be integral to crop production. Different types of ploughing
implements are used for tillage purpose. Tine cultivator is one of the important farm
implement used for stirring the soil and eliminates the weeds present in soil. The most
important part in cultivator is a shovel that pierces the soil as they are dragged through it
linearly but farmers face problems like breakage of shovel tip or crack in implement because
of material, soil, root, stone etc. For effective tillage, selection of tillage tool according to soil
type and condition is very important. Research in this area to improve tillage implements is
very important. The present study is carried out for in-depth investigation of shovels of tine
cultivator and behavior of soil in response to loads subjected during tillage operation in a
systematic manner using finite element modeling approach. Different types of shovels like
reversible, duck foot, seed drill and cultivator are simulated with different types of soil like
sandy, clay and loamy soil. The stresses and displacement in shovels experienced by different
types of soils during these stages are probed. Furthermore, high stressed and crack sensitive
regions are identified. The stresses of 18MPa, 49MPa, 62MPa are generated in reversible
shovel of tine cultivator during ploughing in sandy, clay and loamy soil respectively. In
addition, the results of these shovels are compared, and it is found that in sandy soil the
shovels show less stresses and deformation than in clay and loamy soil.
Keywords: Finite element analysis (FEA), Tine Cultivator, Soil Deformation, Stresses,
Strains
129
Page
IPSAC-130
Precision Agriculture and Groundwater- Challenges and Options for Sustainability in
Indus Basin of Pakistan
Ghulam Zakir-Hassan1,2, 3, *, Ghulam Shabir1, Saleem Akhtar1

1.
Irrigation Research Institute (IRI), Punjab Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore
54500, Pakistan
2.
School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia
3.
Institute for Land Water and Society (ILWS), Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: zakirjg@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Food, fiber and shelter are the basic human needs for their existence on the planet, while
land, water and air are the essential natural resources to support the life. Pakistan is the 8th
largest food producing country and ranks 5th in list of countries by population. Current
population of Pakistan is 220 million with annual increasing rate of about 2%. To feed this
tremendously increasing population we need to grow more food for which both horizontal
and vertical expansion of irrigated agriculture is imperative for Pakistan. Precision agriculture
is an approach to farm management that uses information technology to ensure that crops and
soil receive exactly what they need for optimum health and productivity. Under the current
situation of food-land-water-climate nexus, precision agriculture can play a vital role in
getting more food per drop and per unit of land. Information communication technologies
(ICTs) and tools like Internet of things (IoTs) can bring a revolution in food production. Use
of water in agriculture can be optimized making use of climate smart hydro-informatics and
other tools like robotics/drones/sensors/loggers to boost up the food production. Groundwater
has been identified as one of the major drivers for bringing green-revolution through irrigated
agriculture. But groundwater resources are under sever threat due to unplanned excessive
pumping, complexity in defining rights and entitlements, capacity and awareness issues, and
lack of implementation of effective and holistic regulation. Different research studies have
indicated that cost of pumpage has increased manifolds (125% or more) taking this source
beyond the bound of small farming communities. In urban areas the annual depletion rates
have been reported up to 1 meter or more and in rural areas in Punjab 0.5 m per year drop has
been recorded. Recently, government has promulgated the National Water Policy 2018,
Punjab Water Policy 2018 and Punjab Water Act 2019 where due importance has been
accorded to the groundwater development, protection and management. Depleting freshwater
resources, growing population, emerging health concerns, environmental degradation, and
climate change are the major threats for precision agriculture. The paper highlights some
options in the context of recent policy and regulatory initiatives by the government.
Keywords: food-security, irrigated-agriculture, groundwater, Punjab, Pakistan

130
Page
IPSAC-131
Efficient installation head using VES to Reduce the Energy Consumption Pattern of
Tube wells
Nadeem Zubair, Hafiz Umar Farid *, Aftab Khaliq, Muhammad Waqar hanif, Talal Idress
Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: hufarid@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Pakistan has one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Agriculture is backbone of the
economy of a country where 93% of the available water resources are used. This system is
subjected a number of issues. One of the major issues is water scarcity due to poor
management of the artificial irrigation system, there are many problems regarding the energy
consumption and efficiency of tube wells. So, farmers face many problems due to illiteracy
about the proper management of power and head. However, farmer follows traditional
methods for pump selection to manage power and head. In Pakistan majority of the tube well
are operating at a very low level of Efficiency and consume more energy as compare to
required power which can be improved by proper management of head, power, and proper
pump-set sizing of tube wells. Many researchers wanted to improve tube well efficiency by
properly sizing and replacing an inefficient tube well component. After the detailed analysis,
my point of view is that if we should install head 3 to 42 meters then required power decrease
48 % of the actual power and get to 44 % more discharge than actual discharge. These studies
produce future research direction for the researchers and provide guideline for the farmers to
select appropriate installation head with efficient energy and to get more discharge for
artificial irrigation system
131
Page
IPSAC-132
Development of dynamically coupled participatory socio-economic groundwater model
using MARS method. A case study of Rechna Doab basin, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asif*, Azhar Inam, Abdul Hannan, Qaiser Abbas, Rabeea Noor

Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: muhammadasif36304@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Socio-economic and environmental variable are linking together in coupled participatory
modelling processes but behind this process to understand the working of both variable is
very complex. The system dynamic model is a flexible system to the combine the different
domains in the processes and analyzed the system to predict the good management options
with varying of the system data. To address the issue of such integration and also
incorporating other socio-economic factors in SD modeling, past researcher used scripting,
model translation, spreadsheet database and Wrapper models techniques but found the some
limitations such as non-flexible, poor performance, time and resources consumption.
Participatory modeling approach has been advocated by many agencies in the water resources
field and frameworks. We purposed the current research in Rechna Doab basin of
northeastern Pakistan. Many studies have also applied system dynamic modeling for
sustainable development and policy-making in natural resources and water resources
management. This research will be helpful in addressing limitations of past SD and physical
model coupling studies by proposing an innovative modeling coupling approach based on
data mining technique, Multivariate Adoptive Regression Splines (MARS). Unlike other
coupling approaches MARS is a fast, replicable, and flexible model coupling technique. The
research is particularly innovative since, to date, no attempt has been made to use MARS
technique for linking SD and physically based model. During the development processes of
the participatory coupled environmental model, Fuzzy transformation method (FTM) used as
development tool uncertainty analysis for include the every possible values to make a
universal equation. The developed equation of groundwater depth. Later, this regression
based values compare with physical model (SahysMod. The proposed methodology is based
on regression approach, where a widely applied tool, MARS used automated procedures to fit
models to large complex system.
Keywords: System dynamic, Participatory modelling, sustainable environmental

management, groundwater management.
132
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IPSAC-133
Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction
Ahtisham ul Haq Zafar and Shahbaz Nasir Khan
Department of Structure& Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,

Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: ahtishamzafar999@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The usage of plastic made objects has expanded dramatically in recent years, resulting in
environmental pollution. Plastic is not a biodegradable substance. Degradation takes
hundreds of years. An estimated 300 million tons of plastic waste are produced each year,
with 4.8-12.7 million tons thrown in the sea, posing a threat to aquatic life. In the year 2020,
Pakistan alone generated 3.9 million tons of plastic waste. Plastic trash can be used in
pavement design, which is a smart way to recycle plastic waste. When used with hot
aggregate and hot bitumen, plastic improves the road's strength. It also solves the problem of
potholes on the road. There are two methods to proceed with, 1st one is dry process and 2nd
one is wet process. The dry procedure was used to conduct the research. In first step plastic
waste was collected, cleaned and shredded (shredded into 2-3mm pieces). Plastic bags,
plastic bottles, and polythene bags were the most common types of plastic waste used in the
study. The concrete was then heated to 110-120 degrees Celsius. Then, at the same
temperature, shredded plastic was added. The solid bitumen was heated to 160-170 degrees
Celsius. It was then added to the concrete and plastic combination at a constant temperature
of 110°C. The mixture was used to make three 9‘‘×9‘' blocks, with a drying duration of 24
hours. Similar method was followed for making a standard road sample, with the exception
that no plastic material was used. Hydraulic press apparatus was used to test the load bearing
ability of the samples. The modified sample (plastic road) has shown more load bearing
ability (33.5KN, 37KN & 40KN) than the unmodified sample (21.5KN, 24.3KN & 25.2KN)
making it an adoptable option in future road constructions.
Keywords: Plastic road, waste management, bituminous concrete, pavement design
133
Page
IPSAC-134
Estimation of Rainfall-Runoff Relationship using Soft Computing Techniques- A Case
Study of Tarbela Dam, Pakistan
Abdul Hannan, Muhammad Shoaib*, Muhammad Asif

Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author Email: muhammadshoaib@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the best model for rainfall-runoff modeling using soft
computing techniques and further their results were compared by different model
performance evaluation parameters. In this study, 10-daily data (1981-2000) recorded at
different rainfall stations at Upper Indus Basin (UIB) were used for rainfall-runoff modeling.
The data was collected from the Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD) and Water and
Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Missing data were collected from the NASA
website https://earthdata.nasa.gov/. The data was used to train and test the model by using
Neuro-Fuzzy Logic and Regression Learner techniques in MATLAB. In Neuro-Fuzzy
different typesof Membership Functions (MFs) were used to predict the closest value to the
actual values. By using gaussmf (MF type) the model gives 97% Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency
(NSE) with a minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 1.301. On the other hand,
Regression Learner techniques were applied to the data, and three different models were
developed in this technique i: e Fine Tree, Medium Tree and Coarse Tree. The fine tree
model gives the best results out of these three models. This model gives the result which has
83% NSE value with the RMSE value of 71.256. The other two models give the result below
the 75% NSE values. It concluded that the Neuro-Fuzzy technique is the best technique to
find the rainfall-runoff relationship.
Keywords: Rainfall-Runoff modeling, Neuro-Fuzzy Logic, Regression Learner, Nash-

Sutcliffe Efficiency, Root Mean Square Error
134
Page
IPSAC-135
Converting Waste Banana Fiber into Medical Textiles
Faiq Anwar, Qasim Siddiqui, Rehan Abbasi
ABSTRACT
Banana is the major friute in the world which can grwon plant. As the banana plant is live for
five to six years & live enough to give friute once after that the plant become die and thier
stem is move to waste. Thier waste is burnt or dumped in waste. If not properly managed can
caused problem to the enviorment, because if they are dumped in wet condition or burned can
produce green house gas which can cause a probelm to the enviorment. As the banana plant
stem is many made of banana fibers which is celloluse based and its use for different textile
usefull products because of bio-degradability and its better properties. The banana plants is
produce on 34800 farming lands with annuall production of 154800 tons. Now this huge
production if not utilize it become hizordiuos for enviroment. The banana fiber have
degradble which should utilize and now the world move toward it & it can be replace many
synthtaic products with eco-friendly products made by banana fibers. Its worth is more than
cotton in rupees. The banana fibers is use in many products due to its high absorbancy, high
durability, and high strength Such as Napkins, senatory pads or baby diapers, natural paper,
leather, packing materials, (non-woven), natural fiber composites which is used for fir boards
and luxeries car floor panals, use in medical textiles like guzes, masks, sutures, and also can
be used for apperal purposes.My concern is to utilize the banana waste and replace the
synthatic or other medical products with bio-degradble material banana fiber products. The
banana fiber is shown better result in medical textiles due to its high absorbancy, anti-
microbial,hygine, durability, strength and many more properties. In the guzes the high
absorbancy of fibers is to absorb the moisture from wounds and release it very fast to the
enviroment whichg make the wounds dry & the banana fibers conatine anti-microbial
proteins which prevent the wounds from the bectria or microorganisms so its become hygine.
In the medical masks its play very important role. As the banana fibers convert into papers or
non-woven which convert into masks. These maks are bio-degradble and provide more
comfort to human beings. It conatin anti-microbial proteins which protect the human beings
to don‘t inahle the bectria or microorganisms. The masks is made by papers or non-woven
which don‘t require any chemicals for bonding these non-woven so its advantage for human
beings that during use this no chance to inhale any chemicals. This mask has high durbility
which withstand it to washing and can be use it many times.
Keywords: Banana fibers; Medical guzses/masks; Anti-microbial; Bio-degradble.

135
Page
IPSAC-136
Comparative Filed Performance of Onion Nursery Transplanter to enhance crop yield
Muhammad Amjad, Fiaz Ahmad*, Aftab Khaliq
Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: fiazahmad@bzu.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The onion (Allium cepa L.)is the most widely cultivated and used vegetables across the
World. According to the Ministry of Agriculture onion production in Pakistan was recorded
26.92 million ton in 2021 which was too less as compared to the other countries. In Pakistan
still farmers are planting onion by manual method which is very costly, laborious and time
consuming. Mechanized plating is very significant to enhance the onion yield. In the present
study mechanical nursery transplanter (3 ROW 580 BED PLANTER) used for onion nursery
planting into the filed. By manual planting method maximum one acre per day can be planted
and for that 10 to 15 people are required, while mechanical transplanter 3 to 4 acre can be
planted per day. Mechanical nursery transplanter was evaluated in order to determine the
impact of different tillage level (L1, L2, and L3) and forward speed (V1, V2 and V3). The
uniformity of planter has been described by using precision index (Ip), missing index (Imiss),
multiple index (Imulti) and quality feed index (Qi). Mechanical nursery planter increases the
coverage area per day with minimum sowing indexes from 10-15 % and accurate quality feed
index from 70-85% accuracy. Planter efficiency effected with the operation parameters i.e.,
tillage level, forward speed and rpm of metering system. This study produced future research
direction in term of onion nursery planting into the filed. Furthermore, the study will provide
guidelines to industrialists and end users, how to deal with planting machinery according to
filed condition.
136
Page
IPSAC-137
Machine Vision Approaches to Efficiently Manage Smart Farming
Shumaila Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2, Alia Saeed3, Yasir Niaz1, Muhammad Saqlain
Zaheer1, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas1, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah1, Muhammad Nawaz1
1.
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
2.
Faculty of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.
3.
Department of Computer science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Machine vision for precision agriculture has attracted considerable research interest in recent
years. The aim of this paper is provide informtion towards the application of machine vision
to agriculture, mainly for crop farming. This study can serve as a research guide for the
researcher and practitioner alike in applying cognitive technology to agriculture. In this study
we have paying attention on the classification of three different types of Land used / Land
cover such as fertile land, high saline land and medium saline land. For the classification of
saline area we have used eight different data mining classifiers that are Function(Multiayer
Perceptron-L), Lazy (KStar), Function (Logistic), Lazy (IB1), Lazy (IBK), Meta (Random
Committee), Meta (Decorate), Meta (Rotation Forest) has been applied on texture dataset to
gain the required accuracy result for classification. The results showed that Function
(Multiayer Perceptron-L) provides the90.33% accuracy, Function(Logistic) 92.44 %
accuracy, Lazy (IB1) 93.79% accuracy, Lazy (IBK) 94% accuracy, Function (Logistic)
94.77% accuracy, Lazy (KStar)94.2%, Meta (Decorate) 95% accuracy, Meta(Random
Committee) 95.424% accuracy, Meta (Decorate) 96.0784% accuracy and Meta(Rotation
Forest) provides the our considerable better96.333% accuracy. Thus results showed that Meta
(Rotation Forest) classifier gave better result as compared to other 7 classifiers. Finally, it has
been examine that as dataset feature evalues has been increase, the accuracy results will be
increase and obtain the better results for the classification of FL, MSL and HSL. It is
observed that classifier can be used for decision making, quick and accurate analysis and
future prediction for classification.
Keywords: machine vision; precision agriculture; classifiers; intelligent systems; smart

farming. 137
Page
IPSAC-138
Influence of mechanical properties of paddy soil on Tractive performance of single
grouser shoe at varied moisture contents under soil-bin conditions
Sher Ali Shaikh 1,2, Li Yaoming 1*, Farman Ali Chandio 2, Irshad Ali Mari1, Mazhar Hussain
Tunio 1,2
1.
School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013,
China.
2.
Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Single-track shoe of crawler is most important concern towards the mechanical properties of
soil for tractive performance of an off-road tracked vehicle. Present research was laid to
assess the influence of mechanical properties of soil on tractive performance of a single-track
shoe. The experiments were compromised with five soil moisture contents (10, 15, 20, 25,
and 30%) and single grouser shoe under controlled paddy soil. Soil (soil reaction force,
sinkage, cohesion, adhesion, internal and external friction angle) and tractive performance
parameters (thrust, running resistance and traction) were obtained by direct shear test and
penetration test. Sensor based soil bin was designed and constructed for the penetration test.
The results reveal that highest cohesion and adhesion were found for 10%, whereas lowest
were at 30% moisture content. Similarly, maximum internal and external friction angle
obtained for 10% and 15%, while minimum was at 20 and 25% respectively. Furthermore,
maximum running resistance and soil sinkage was obtained for 30% and minimum at 10%.
Moreover, soil thrust, and traction had linear decreasing trend towards soil moisture content.
It is concluded that a tracked vehicle with proposed dimension of track shoe could be
operated towards moderate moisture content under paddy soil for achieving better traction.
Keywords: soil-track interaction, moisture content, single grouser shoe, traction, Soil
properties
138
Page
IPSAC-139
Development of Machine Vision based Automatic Sorting and Grading System for
Tomatoes
Amna, Muhammad Waqar Akram*, Muhammad Hashaam
Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000,

Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: waqarakram@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Huge post-harvest losses and exponential increase in the food demand due to increasing
growth of population require the development of automatic, fast and reliable methods for
food handling, processing and quality determination. Sorting and grading are the initial and
most important steps in the post-harvest chain. Sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables
by humans is a laborious, time consuming and less efficient method. Artificial Intelligence
(AI) based automatic systems can reduce the time consumption, human error and efforts; and
using such systems, food items can be successfully sorted/graded based on their color, shape,
and size. In this light, a prototype system was designed and developed based on
machine/computer vision techniques for tomato grading. Linux based Raspberry Pi board was
used to develop an independent system. Conveyor belt and servo-motors were used for
conveyance and placement of tomatoes. A RGB camera placed over the top of work area
provided live video feed to acquire images. Different algorithms and features extraction
techniques were applied on the images for detection/recognition purpose. System decision
and action depends upon the maturity and quality of tomato determined by the computer
vision-based detection system. After decision, servo motors were actuated to place the
tomatoes in their respective containers.
Keywords: Computer/Machine Vision, Sorting and grading, Tomatoes, Raspberry Pi, Image
recognition
139
Page
IPSAC-140
Gradient-based laser land levelling increases the water use efficiency, growth and yield
of cotton crop under changing climate
Shahid Saleem1, Iqbal Hussain1*, Hafeez Ullah1, Muhammad Umar Iqbal2, Umair Aslam2,
Muhammad Nasir3, Abdul Khaliq4, Syed Ahtisham Masood4, Hafiz Abdul Rauf4, Adnan
Noor Shah5, Arifa Khan6
1.
Rural Education and Economic Development Society (REEDS), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
2.
Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Lahore, Pakistan
3.
Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
4.
Cotton Research Institute, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
5.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan
6.
Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: iqbal1429@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Increasing water shortage has compelled the farmers to develop plans for efficient use of
water resources. The improvement in water use efficiency at field level is very important and
can redress water scarcity. LASER land leveling is increasing quickly in the world to increase
water use efficiency. However, in developing countries, practice of LASER leveling is to
level land or field with zero (0%) gradient due to unaware of gradient based land leveling
while a small gradient (e.g. 0.1%) is usually kept during land leveling in developed countries
of the world. But farmers of developing countries are not well; therefore, an experiment was
conducted in farmers‘ field covering an area of 3 acres in south Punjab of Pakistan to assess
the LASER leveling with a 0% and 0.05% grade and general farmer‘s practice of leveling.
Land leveling with LASER using 0.05% gradient considerably decreased amount of irrigation
water and/or enhanced water use efficiency by increasing crop yield followed by LASER
leveling with 0% gradient. Similarly, with a 0.05% gradient, bolls per plant and final cotton
yield increased considerably followed by 0% gradient while minimum bolls per plant and
cotton yield was obtained from farmer‘s practice of leveling. LASER land leveling with
0.05% gradient resulted in higher net benefit due to increase yield and considerable decrease
in irrigation amount that significantly improved use efficiency. The outcomes suggest that
benefits from land leveling with LASER keeping 0.0.5% gradient are significantly higher
when compared with 0% gradient and/or farmer‘s practice of leveling.
140
Page
IPSAC-141
Role of IOT Based Technologies in Precision Agriculture
Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Muhammad Ashraf *, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Kamran

Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Noman Ali Butter, Shah Rasool, Shahbaz Ahmad Virk, Abbas Ali,
Basharat Ali

Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: dr.ashraf@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of unique addressable physical objects with varying
degrees of processing, sensing, and actuation capabilities having the ability to cooperate and
communicate using the Internet as a single platform. IoT is playing a vital role for resource
conservation and increasing the crop yield, efficiency and saves time. Its application in
agriculture can be used for various sectors such as sensing and monitoring of crop,
agricultural resource utilisation. Understanding of specific farm conditions, such as weather
and environmental conditions, emergence of pests, weeds and diseases. More sophisticated
and remote control of farm, e.g. precise application of fertilizers and pesticides, robots for
automatic weeding. This project aims to develop an application of the flow measurement,
automatic weather measurement parameters and soil moisture measurement using IoT based
system which is comprised of the different sensors, smart computation equipment coupled
with solar panels. Coding for flow measurement using sharp crested weir in Raspberry pi and
sensors calibration was done in the laboratory. This system will provide real time monitoring
and farmers can access to the history of crops and they can see the information saved to cloud
on mobile phone as well as laptop. Results show that the accurate flow and moisture
measurement can be done using the indigenous technology and saves the water, R2 = 0.9987
(for ultrasonic flow measurement sensor) and R2 = 0.9942 (for soil moisture sensor). Both
values show that sensors are working accurately. By using this technology in agriculture
maximum yield can be produced with less effort and farmers can overcome from financial
losses.
141
Page
IPSAC-142
Assessing Climate Change Impact on Soil Salinity Dynamics in Arid Landscape
Between 1987 and 2017 using Remote Satellite Data and Field Observations
A. Bannari
University of Ottawa (Canada) and King Hassan-II University (Morocco)

*Corresponding Author‘s Email: abannari@bell.net
ABSTRACT
Soil resources are fundamental to life on Earth, and are crucial to the sustainable
development. To achieve this, field survey was organized during 4 days (15th -18th May
2017), and a total of 100 soil samples were collected representing different soil salinity
classes (non-saline, low, moderate, high, very high, and extreme salinity). Each sampling
analysis was accomplished to derive electrical conductivity (EC-Lab) for validation purposes.
The Landsat-OLI image acquired thereabouts simultaneously with the field survey (13th May
2017) was radiometrically calibrated and atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer
code (Canadian Modified Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) integrating
the atmospheric variables that interfere during the OLI image acquisition and measured by
the nearest meteorological station to the study site. Subsequently, a predetermined semi-
empirical soil-salinity model (SEPM) previously developed was implemented to derive the
predicted soil salinity map. Statistical analysis (p ˂ 0.05) was applied between the predicted
salinity map (EC-Predicted) and the measured ground truth (EC-Lab) for the validation of the
used model. Then, the Landsat serial time‘s datasets acquired with the TM, ETM+ and OLI
sensors during the last three decades (1987, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016
and 2017) over the study site were radiometrically cross-calibrated. Likewise, they were
atmospherically and spectrally normalized applying a semi-empirical line approach (SELA)
based on the pseudo-invariant targets. Afterward, a series of soil salinity maps were derived
through the application of the SEPM on the images sequence. To track the salinity change
trend in space and time according to climatic variables (temperatures and precipitations),
statistical analysis were undertaken. The results obtained reveal that the applied predictive
model validation show a best fits in comparison to the ground truth, yielding a good index of
agreement (D = 0.84), an excellent correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.97) and low overall
RMSE of 13%, indicating that the chosen SEPM is relevant and extendable to the other
images acquired multi-temporally. For cross-calibration among the Landsat serial time‘s
datasets, the SELA performed significantly with an RMSE less than 5% between all
homologous spectral reflectances bands. This accuracy remains suitable and fits well the
calibration standards of the considered sensors for multi-temporal studies. Moreover,
noteworthy changes of soil salinity dynamic were observed as a function of climatic
variations during the last 30 years over the study site. Generally, strongly salinized soils have
expanded continuously in space and time, and these changes are significantly correlated to
rainfall with an R2 of 0.73 and a D of 0.85. Certainly, this study will deepen our
understanding of long-term spatiotemporal variability of soil salinity in the arid landscape, as
well as to understand the climate change impact on this environmental phenomenon over
other arid zones.
142
Keywords: Climate change, Soil salinity dynamic, Arid landscape, Multi-temporal analysis,
Landsat serial time datasets, Semi-empirical predictive model.
Page
IPSAC-143
Devastating Impacts of Drought on Agricultural Water Resources of Pakistan
Muhammad Imran Khan, Naeem Saddique
ABSTRACT
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Abstract: Drought has a significant impact on the agricultural water resources of Pakistan
from many years. Shortage of water for agricultural crops leads to food security issues for the
country. The prolonged dry spell caused in the low level of water in rivers and reservoirs,
which ultimately results in a water scarcity situation in the country. Moreover, lack of rainfall
and over pumping of groundwater leads to deterioration quality of water and soil. Pakistan is
an agricultural country that heavily relies on the monsoon rainfall and melting of glaciers.
However, the country frequently experiences drought due to the changing pattern of
precipitation. These droughts are affecting from last two decades, which creates water
scarcity in many sectors, especially for agriculture. There is need of time to address these
issues by implementing suitable water management strategies, such as construction of dams
and improving irrigation application methods and mitigation measures. Finally, the issue of
drought remains a challenge for the agricultural economy of Pakistan.
Keywords: Water Resources, Drought, Climate Change
143
Page
IPSAC-144
Future prospect of Rainwater harvesting system by coupling with solar energy
Sheraz Maqbool and Muhammad Imran Khan
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: Sheraz8200@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Crop cultivation area is decreasing due to the increase in population. Therefore, expanding
the crop area is not practicable, and a problem with declining water supply is another major
concern. Water resources on the planet become contaminated, which has a significant impact
on agriculture. Conventional irrigation techniques are more expensive, less efficient, and
have higher losses. Therefore, to solve this issue, we must switch from the conventional
irrigation implementation strategy. This is only achievable by replacing the old, conventional
technology with a new one that involves collecting rainwater. As a result, it is necessary to
build a solar-coupled, high-efficiency irrigation system that gathers rainwater, which is now a
key supply of water due to issues with contemporary day management and uses it effectively.
Harvesting rainwater will have a significant influence on economy and eventually farm
output in the future. A more effective irrigation technology than flood irrigation uses drip and
sprinkler irrigation. As it is connected to a sustainable energy source (e.g solar energy) with
an endless supply. Utilizing solar energy also has the benefit of being a less expensive form
of electricity generating. Compared to conventional approaches, this leads to larger water and
energy savings since the complete system must be created and encourages the sharing to
determine if it is operating efficiently.
Keywords: Rainwater Harvesting, Solar-Coupled, Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation System.
144
Page
IPSAC-145
Heat Flux Uniformity Issues in Solar Fruit Dryers
Muhammad Zunair Bin Saleemi1, Muhammad Shahroz Khan1, Mumtaz A. Qaisrani1,*,

Muhammad Umer Farooq1, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2
1
Institute of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information technology, Rahim Yar Khan
2
Information technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Corresponding Author Email: mumtaz.ahmed@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Solar fruit dryer is an alternative to traditional drying technologies that provide various
benefits like price economies, energy efficiency, and nutritional quality preservation of dried
fruits. However, one of the most difficult difficulties in the design & operating of solar fruit
dryer is ensuring heat flux uniformity, or ensuring that heat is delivered equally over the
drying surface. The regularity of heat flow in solar fruit dryers is controlled by various
factors, including the dryer's design, orientation, sun position, and weather conditions. The
major problem with solar fruit dryer is the uneven distribution of temperature, that can also
result in uneven fruit drying. This can be affected by factors including the dryer's design,
orientation, and the kind of product being dried. The material used in construction of solar
fruit dryer also have impact on uniformity of heat flux. Several researches have shown that
the materials having more thermal conductivity such as metals, is far away better than the
materials that have low thermal conductivity such as plastics. The uniformity in heat flux
may also be affected by the air flow inside the dryer. Air flow distribution is the main factor
that should be considered inside the chamber design to ensure the final moisture content of
dried fruits. According to research, air flow may be enhanced by modifying the air intake and
exit, installing fan, using baffles to direct overall flow of air. The orientation of chamber also
affects the heat flux uniformity as if orientation of tilt of lid is not taken correct then the
moisture content accumulates at the top side of chamber and non-uniformity heat flux occurs.
Also, the orientation of solar dryer affects the heat flux uniformity as researches has shown
that the solar dryer should be exposed to sun in such a way, that allows maximum exposure
of solar radiations. To overcome heat flux homogeneity difficulties in solar fruit dryers, many
techniques have been proposed. These include using reflecting surfaces, optimizing the
dryer's design, using shade devices, and using active cooling systems. The uniformity of heat
flow is critical for the successful and economic operations of solar fruit dryer. Several
solutions to this problem have been presented, but further study is required to optimize the
design & operations of solar fruit dryer to maintain heat flux uniformity. To summaries, heat
flux regularity continues to be a key difficulty in the field of solar fruit drying, and further
research is required to overcome this issue and enhance the efficiency of solar fruit dryers.
Keywords: Heat Flux Uniformity, Issues in Solar Fruit Dryers, Solar Energy
145
Page
IPSAC-146
Effect of Shape on Performance of Solar Fruit Dryers
Muhammad Talha1, Ehtisham Zafar1, Mumtaz A. Qaisrani1,*, Muhammad Umer Farooq1,

Muhammad Mohsin Waqas2
1
Institute of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information technology, Rahim Yar Khan
2
Information technology, Rahim Yar Khan
Corresponding Author Email: mumtaz.ahmed@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The design of a solar dryer depends on the type of dryer and its purpose. There are two main
categories of solar dryers: natural convection dryers which use the natural movement of air
for heat transfer, and forced convection dryers that use fans or similar devices to produce air
flow. There are various designs for solar dryers that utilize natural convection to dry
foodstuffs like fruits, vegetables, and crops. The five commonly used shapes include the Box-
type, Tunnel-type, Cabinet-type, Tray-type, and Hybrid solar dryer. All of these designs
feature a clear top, ventilation, and unique structures to accommodate different drying
capacities while also maintaining the integrity of the food by keeping contaminants at bay
and fostering ideal temperature and air flow. Each of the five common shapes of the solar
dryer (Box-type, Tunnel-type, Cabinet-type, Tray-type, and Hybrid solar dryer) has its own
advantages and limitations, and the choice of the most efficient shape will depend on the
specific requirements. For instance, the Box-type may be suitable for small drying operations,
while the Tunnel-type may work better for large-scale drying. The Hybrid solar dryer, which
combines natural and forced convection, may be more efficient for certain food types but
may also be more complex to construct and maintain. The most suitable shape will be
determined through a careful evaluation of the requirements and conditions for each
individual application. The design of a solar fruit dryer has a significant impact on its
performance, as it affects the amount of solar energy absorbed and the heat transfer rate.
Factors like the size of the collector, its tilt angle, and the reflectiveness of its surface all
contribute to the efficiency of the dryer. The geometry also affects air circulation, which is
crucial for efficient drying. A dryer with a larger surface area, for example, will allow for
greater air circulation, leading to quicker drying. Proper design of the solar fruit dryer's
geometry can optimize its performance, resulting in effective and efficient drying of fruits
and vegetables. The performance of a natural convection dryer is influenced by multiple
factors such as its size and shape, the intensity of solar radiation, atmospheric temperature
and humidity, and the speed of air flow within the dryer. The material used for the dryer can
also impact efficiency, as some materials absorb radiation more effectively and transfer heat
more efficiently. The design of the dryer, including the size of its surface area and the angle
at which it is tilted, can also affect its performance and increase its efficiency. The design and
geometry of a solar fruit dryer play a crucial role in its performance and efficiency. The size
and shape of the dryer, the amount of solar radiation received, atmospheric temperature and
humidity, and the air velocity within the dryer all affect the performance of the dryer. The
materials used for the dryer and its design, including the surface area and tilt angle, also
146
impact its efficiency. Proper design and optimization of these factors can result in effective
and efficient drying of fruits and vegetables using natural convection.
Keywords: Shape Effects, Performance of Solar Fruit Dryers, Renewable Energy
Page
IPSAC-147
Energy Efficient Pumping Technologies
Muhammad Zeeshan Ali1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Muhammad Ahmad Rustam1, Muhammad

Mohsin Waqas1,*, Shumaila Khan1, Muhammad Noaman Tayyab2
1
2
Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
*Corresponding Author Email: mohsin.waqas@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Energy is consumed to a large extent in the agriculture sector, particularly for irrigation and
water supply pumping systems. However, using energy-efficient pumping systems can help
to reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs. One efficient way to improve
efficiency is by controlling the pump speed, which can be achieved through the use of
Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs). VFDs can control the speed of the pump to match the
required flow rate. High-efficiency pumps are also used for efficient pumping, as they are
equipped with optimized impellers and volutes to reduce loss and improve efficiency. In
addition, the use of renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power for driving
agricultural pumps is well-suited, with no operational cost. Wind-powered pumps can also be
used in areas with high wind resources. Energy-efficient pumping technology can lower
costs, improve efficiency, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the adaptation of
these technologies requires high initial investment. Nevertheless, the use of energy-efficient
pumping in agriculture plays an important role in the way forward towards sustainable
agriculture.
Keywords: Energy-Efficient Pumping, Variable Frequency Drives, Optimized Impellers
147
Page
IPSAC-148
IoT Based Monitoring of Hydroponic System for Improved Crop Productivity
Tanveer Ahmad1, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas1, Shumaila Khan1,*, Muhammad Noaman

Tayyab2
1
2
Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
*Corresponding Author Email: shumaila.khan@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
IoT technology is utilized to monitor hydroponic systems, employing sensors, data analysis,
and automation to enhance plant growth in a soilless system for improving crop productivity.
IoT-based monitoring of a hydroponic system utilizes IoT technology to manage and monitor
the hydroponic setup. The hydroponics technique involves cultivating plants in a nutrient-rich
water solution without soil. An IoT-based system incorporates sensors for monitoring critical
aspects of the hydroponic setup, such as water levels, nutrient concentrations, and
temperature. The central control system receives this information, which can be accessed
remotely using a web or mobile application. By providing real-time visibility and control
over the hydroponic setup, the system enables growers to make quick adjustments in response
to environmental changes as a result, crop productivity improves because growers can
optimize the growing conditions for their plants. Moreover, the IoT system reduces water and
nutrient waste by enabling precise monitoring and regulation of resource consumption
Keywords: IoT Technology, Hydroponic, Sustainability.
148
Page
IPSAC-149
Biowaste to Biomass Energy Potential in Pakistan
Muhammad Ahmad Rustam, Tanveer Ahmad, Kamran Ikram, Yasir Niaz, Muhammad
Ashraf, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Shanawar Hamid, Noman Ali Butter, Basharat Ali Gill,
Shahbaz Ahmad Virk.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and

Corresponding Author Email: engr.m.ahamd@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is currently facing a severe energy crisis. According to a report by Pakistan's
National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) in 2019, Pakistan was facing an
energy shortfall of around 5,000 to 6,000 MW during peak demand and also faces a natural
gas shortfall of around 2,000 million cubic feet per day (MMCFD). Renewable energy is
freely available throughout the world wide such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass
etc. Biomass is most of the common form of renewable energy. Pakistan has large amount of
biomass which are estimated about 50 million tons per year (PCRET). The biomass available
in Pakistan is about 50 million tons per year. The traditional cooking stoves employed in rural
areas of Pakistan are currently the major end users of biomass energy and utilizes 80% of
current bioenergy. The pellets are the biomass fuel that is used for cooking and kiln purpose.
These pellets are made by rise husk, sugarcane straw, corn cob, wood waste. In the study,
pellets were formed from rice husk and saw dust and rotten eggs are used as a binder.
Different gases CO, CO2, NO and HC are emitted from these pellets. Pellets produced from
rice husk are more environmentally friendly than other biomass materials.
Keywords: Energy, Crises, Renewable Energy, Biomass
149
Page
IPSAC-150
Climate Change Impacts on Glaciers
Ahmad Saeed, Sadaqat Ali Shah, Faheem Liquat, Muhammad Ashraf

Corresponding author email: ahmadsaeed3971@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Climate change has had a profound impact on glaciers around the world. As temperatures
rise, glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate, causing significant consequences for the
environment and human populations. Rising sea levels due to melting glaciers are threatening
coastal cities and communities, while the loss of ice mass is altering the water cycle, affecting
river flows and reducing water availability for human and agricultural use. Moreover, glaciers
play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and are an important source of fresh
water for millions of people. The loss of glaciers not only impacts water availability, but also
contributes to the changing dynamics of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. In high
mountain regions, the retreat of glaciers is leading to changes in the landscape, affecting the
livelihoods of indigenous peoples and altering the balance of tourism economies. The rapid
retreat of glaciers highlights the urgent need for action to reduce the effects of climate change
and protect our planet's vital resources.
Keywords: Climate Change, Temperature, Environment, Glaciers
150
Page
IPSAC-151
Sensitivity of Climate Change and Flood Risk Prospective
Muhammad Saifullah*, Omer Farooq
Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan

*Corresponding Author Email: muhammad.saifullah@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Timely and Accurate flood mapping is required to avoid post-damage. The accuracy of flood
damage predictions is dependent on both the phenomenon's modeling and the risk assessment
of human systems exposed by floods. The high altitude, as well as high latitude areas of
Pakistan, are warming faster than the rest of the country due to Climate Change. It has caused
irregular and rapid glacier changes, resulting in the advancement of glacial lakes and
increasing the risk of Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in Pakistan's mountain systems.
. Only a few of the factors hindering disaster planning and risk reduction strategies in
Pakistan are a lack of up-to-date inventory, classification, and susceptibility profiling of
glacier lakes.. This work intends to fill a data and knowledge gap by utilizing satellite
observations, and efforts are being undertaken to build and update glacier lake inventories. A
different threshold was employed to assess spatial variances in water bodies using NDWI. To
meet the research objectives, sentinel-2B images were used to determine the Normalized
Difference Water Index. The results showed there is a remarkable increase in number, as well
as area of water bodies which causes more floods than ever in recent years. The predicted
technique is validated using the historical context of previous flood events, and it was
discovered that this strategy is suitable for the first-order identification and potential
estimation of floods under climate change.
Keywords: NDWI, Water Resources, Climate Change
151
Page
IPSAC-152
Community-Based Management of Pumps and Tubewells to Promote Equitable and
Efficient Use of Groundwater Resources
Afifa Sajid, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas

Corresponding Author Email: mohsin.waqas@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Groundwater is a vital resource for millions of people around the world, especially in areas
where surface water is scarce or unreliable. Over-extraction of groundwater, on the other
hand, can have a variety of negative consequences, including declining water tables,
decreased water quality, and aquifer depletion. To address these issues, community-based
pump and tubewell management has emerged as a promising approach for promoting more
equitable and efficient use of groundwater resources. The participation of local communities
in the management and maintenance of water infrastructure is referred to as community-
based pumping and tubewell management. This approach acknowledges the importance of
local knowledge and expertise in managing water resources sustainably and aims to build
communities' capacity to manage their water resources effectively. The term community-
based refers to groundwater management.
Keywords: Groundwater Resources, Equity, Sustainablity
152
Page
IPSAC-153
Energy Audit of Agriculture Tubewells System for Efficiency Improvement
Umer Farooq, Afifa Sajid, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas

Corresponding Author Email: mohsin.waqas@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Tubewell systems providing irrigation for crops and contributing to food security. Often
powered by electricity or diesel generators. An energy audit of agricultural tubewell systems
can help identify areas for efficiency improvement, reducing energy consumption, and
improving the overall sustainability of the agricultural sector. The first step in conducting an
energy audit of an agricultural tubewell system is to measure the energy consumption of the
system. This involves measuring the electricity or diesel consumption of the tubewell motor
over a specific period, such as a month or a year. This data can be used to calculate the
energy efficiency of the system and identify areas for improvement. Another method By
optimizing the pumping schedule to match the crop's water requirements, energy
consumption can be reduced while still providing adequate irrigation. This can be achieved
by using a combination of soil moisture sensors, weather data, and other information to
determine the optimal pumping schedule.In addition to these technical improvements,
behavioral changes can also contribute to energy efficiency. For example, training farmers on
how to operate the tubewell system more efficiently, including the use of irrigation
scheduling, can reduce energy consumption and improve the system's overall sustainability.
Another important method , renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, can also be used
to power agricultural tubewell systems.In conclusion, an energy audit of agricultural tubewell
systems can help identify areas for efficiency improvement and reduce energy consumption,
contributing to the overall sustainability of the agricultural sector. Upgrading to more
efficient motors or pumps, optimizing the pumping schedule, and using renewable energy
sources can all help to improve the efficiency of the system and reduce energy consumption.
Keywords: Energy Audit, Tubewells, Efficiency Improvement
153
Page
IPSAC-154
Desiccant Drying Technology for Speedy Drying of Agricultural Commodities
Shazia Hanif*1, Farrukh Ehsan1, Mukhtar Hussain1

1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author Email: shazia.hanif@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Drying is a crucial technology to preserve agricultural produce, and most grain processing
industries use this technique to reduce the moisture of the commodity. Currently, industries
use sun drying, electric or gas-operated dryers, and solar dryers to dry fresh agricultural
produce (e.g., paddy, maize, etc.). These dryers work on the principle of raising the air
temperature to reduce its relative humidity, and this air dries the commodity. The drawback
of this principle is that the conventional drying process is energy-intensive, associated with
high operational cost, and dries at high temperatures, affecting the quality of the product in
terms of nutrition, especially aroma, vital vitamins, color, etc. Moreover, electric and gas-
operated dryers use non-renewable energy resources, harming the environment with high
carbon emissions. To mitigate this problem, a solar desiccant dryer is designed at developed
at MNS-University of Agriculture Multan. This system consists of a desiccant wheel, two
solar air heaters (collectors), blowers, and a grain bin. The system is capable of drying one
ton of fresh grains. The performance evaluation confirmed that incorporating the desiccant
system significantly improves the dryer's performance as it decreases the latent load of air.
The system took 24 – 30 working hours to reduce the moisture of the commodity up to 9 –
10%, using 32kWh of energy in total. This system dries the fresh agricultural produce at low
temperatures, which helps maintain the quality of the product (color, aroma, nutrients, etc.).
This drying system has a two-fold drying capacity by controlling the latent and sensible load
of air, low energy consumption, and zero-emission in contract with industrial dryers. Hence,
it is an economical and eco-friendly drying technology.
Keywords: Low Temperature Drying, Desiccant Drying, Value Addition, Grain Drying
154
Page
IPSAC-155
Design and use of honey extractor
Habib Ali1*, Salma Ameer2, Javaid Iqbal3, Shahbaz Ali1, Muhammad Tolic1, Usama Ahsin1,
Alishba Mohsin1, Qirat Fayyaz1, Aleena Kanwal1, Aysha Younas1
1
2
Departmetn of Biology, University of Okara, Pakistan
3
Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding Author: habib_ali1417@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Honey is the most significant primary product of beekeeping. In ancient times, it was also the
first bee product consumed by humans. Collecting honey by hand in the traditional way can
reduce its nutritional value and quality. To avoid this, beekeepers use a honey extractor which
is a machine designed to extract honey without damaging the honeycomb. Extractor works by
using centrifugal force to separate honey from the comb, preserving quality and taste of
honey. As part of research work, must be able to design and construct a honey extractor with
great success. The equipment consists of a mild steel drum with dimensions of 300mm x
900mm, a 920mm long shaft, a net with dimensions of 193mm x 40mm x 423mm, a wooden
frame measuring 300mm x 200mm, a tap/outlet with a diameter of 30mm, and a frame holder
measuring 320mm x 220mm. Machine was required to process for 68 seconds, had a capacity
of 0.036 kg per second, and achieved an efficiency rating of 68.16 based on performance
assessment results. The only disadvantage was that it lacks electrical power, but its advantage
was that it could be utilized in both rural and urban environments without electricity. The aim
of designing and building a honey extractor using easily accessible materials was to reduce
the production costs. The resulting machine has both portable and easy to operate, requiring
no special training or technical expertise.
Keywords: Honey, Design, Honey extractor, traditional way.
155
Page
IPSAC-156
Development of fast analytical method for the detection and quantification of honey
adulteration using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometric tools
Talha Tariq1, Habib Ali1*, Javaid Iqbal3, Shahbaz Ali1, Tariq Mustafa2, Salma Ameer3,
Muhammad Tolic1, Usama Ahsin1, Sadia Iqbal1
1
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Infroamtion Technology, Rahim Yar Khan,
64200, Pakistan
2
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Depalpur,
Okara.
3
ABSTRACT
Bees (Apis mellifera) naturally make honey, a pleasant material. The fundamental criteria for
routine quality assessment of honey are discussed in this study, along with the most popular
analytical techniques for doing so. There are less expensive substitutes for honey.sweeteners,
or by providing sugars to the bees indirectly. Methods for identifying and measuring
adulteration are so required. Chromatographic methods are frequently employed in honey
analysis.Techniques like Raman, near-infrared, mid-infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy in chemometric. Enzyme activity analysis, a crucial requirement for the honey
trade, cannot be done using spectroscopy. The antimicrobial characteristics of methylglyoxal
make it a fascinating substance. However, the adulteration of honey with sugar syrup was
observed using FT-MIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. The distinction between
contaminated and unadulterated honey was made using principal component analysis (PCA)
and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Models for calibration using PLS-R and SVM-R
demonstrated great performance.
156
Page
IPSAC-157
Control of Greater wax moth pest disease of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) of a region in
Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Habib Ali1*, Salma Ameer2, Muhammad Tolic1, Javaid Iqbal3, Shahbaz Ali1, Usama Ahsin1,
Alishba Mohsin1, Qirat Fayyaz1, Aleena Kanwal1, Aysha Younas1
1
2
3
ABSTRACT
Beehive products include honey, bee wax, royal jelly, pollen, and bee venom furthermore the
honey produced by honeybees. The highly organized societies of honey bees can deal with
swarming, nest development, disease, honey bee pests, and other social problems. The greater
wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) is the most harmful pest to honey bee colonies. Female
Greater wax moths lay their eggs on combs or in the gaps between the wooden hive's parts.
When the egg hatches, the larvae eat the wax combs to gain nutrition. Combs that are stored
in warm, dark, and poorly publicized areas are the ones that the wax moth prefers to eat.
Good beekeeping practices, as well as physical, chemical, or natural methods, can all be used
to manage Greater wax moths. Because natural products are less hazardous to the
environment and the colony, using them is a more sustainable choice. Neem oil (Azadirachta
indica) and malagueta pepper (Capsicum frutescens) extract were therefore tested for their
effectiveness in better wax moth control. We also studied how they affected the population
growth of colonies and adult bees. Then, for each product, we measured a concentration that
was both effective in controlling the moth and safe for bees. Then, to determine their effects
on population growth, we sprayed them on bee colonies. Low concentrations of neem oil kill
wax moths but have no impact on colony population growth. However, adult bees are
hazardous to oil. The moth was effectively controlled by the pepper extract, which had no
negative impacts on adult bee life or colony-growing populations. Therefore, without
damaging honey bees, pepper extracts could effectively control the greater wax moth. Future
studies are anticipated to determine the most effective method for removing the pest greater
wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.), which attacks honey bee combs while sustaining the
quality and honey production.
Keywords: Honey bee, greater wax moth, malagueta pepper extract, neem oil.
157
Page
IPSAC-158
Dietary influence on the biological parameters of pink bollworm, Pectinophora
gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions
Habib Ali1*, Sajid Fiaz2, Salma Ameer3

1
64200, Pakistan
2
Department of Plant Breedding and Gentietics, University of Haripur, Pakistan
3
Corespondong Author: habib_ali1417@yahoo.com
ABSTARCT
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia
and preferably invassion on cotton crop, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) as a host plant. G.
hirsutum known as white gold and important cash crop all over the globe. There are no or
limited number of studies focused on certain types of diet or dietary composition are
exercised against biologically parameters of ecnomicaly important pests. The present study
was carried out in G. hirsutum rearing laboratory, during March-June 2019 under controlled
laboratory conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) with
objective to determine the influence of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra
and chickpea) on the biological aspects of G. hirsutum. Results revealed that the shortest
larval period was recorded on okra diet while longest larval period observed on wheat germ
diet, pupal period observed shortest in larvae reared on chickpea diet. The pupation delay was
observed on wheat germ diet, shortest life cycle of female adult on okra diet was 43.600 days,
while male adult on chickpea diet was observed 37.50 days. Meanwhile, longest and slowest
life cycle (F and M) observed on standard diet (56.50 days, 52.50 days respectively).
Furthermore, larval weight was observed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by
wheat germ diet, whereas pupal weight was observed highest on the standard diet followed
by chickpea diet and okra diet. Developmental period significantly differed across all
treatment diets, whereas higher significant difference was reported on okra diet. Therefore,
existing data of this study offers some insights into fruitful interventions for future as a
modified diet for large scale and rapid mass production of G. hirsutum larvae.
158
Page
IPSAC-159
Comparative Developmental Biology of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), On Different Artificial Diets And Naturalplants
Abdullah Shaokat1, Tariq Mustafa2*, Habib Ali4, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Jam Nazeer
Ahmad1
1
Intergrated Genomics Cellular Developmental and Biotechnology Lab, Department of
Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Depalpur,
Okara.
3
Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad
4
64200, Pakistan
Corresponding Author: tariq.mustafa@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (FAW) is continuously causing extensive losses
in several crops particularly maize worldwide including Pakistan. Several reports of its
establishment on other crops have threatened the agricultural production and food security in
the country. The current study on FAW comparative biology was conducted under laboratory
condition using the age-stage, two-sex lifetable to examine the development, and
reproduction rate of fall armyworm on different host plants and artificial diets. Fall
armyworm completed its life cycle in Maize, Potato leaves, and Potato Tuber. None of the
larvae fed on cotton leaves in our experiment. The results revealed that duration of eggs
hatching was lowest in potato tubers (2.23 ± 0.08 days) and maize plant (2.9 ± 0.09days).
Similarly, the total developmental period of larvae was longest in the cotton seed diet
followed by potato tubers and potato-based diet. The developmental period on maize (17.45 ±
0.12 days) was long while shortest duration was recorded on chickpea flour diet (15.66 ± 0.12
days). A Similar trend was observed in the pre pupal and pupal periods. Maximum
oviposition days were recorded when larvae were fed with artificial diet of corn flour (4.79 ±
0.21 days); minimum days were recorded in maize plant (2.71 ± 0.19 days). Variations were
also noticed in the moth‘s fecundity, pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition, the total
life periods. Our findings imply that alternate host plants, such as potato leaves, potato tubers,
and artificial diets, may be valuable in forecasting and analyzing crop damage, so
contributing to an effective management approach in the newly invaded agro - ecosystem by
the fall armyworm.
159
Page
IPSAC-160
Importance of Plantation and Climate Changes, In light of Seerah of Holy Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬
Mazhar Hussain Bhadroo, Muhammad Faizan ul Hassan
Institute of Humanities & Arts, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: mazhar.hussain@kfueit.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
It is an undisputed fact that the life cycle of all living things in the world and the guarantee of
protection and survival depends on a clean environment and healthy air. Today, all
intellectuals, thinkers, philosophers and experts in the world are emphasizing the importance
and effectiveness of planting trees to control environmental pollution. But Islam not only
highlighted its importance and effectiveness fourteen hundred years ago, but also gave
practical encouragement for the protection and survival of trees and green fields. So ALLAH
almighty said in Surah Baqarah: "When he returns, he tries to spread mischief in the land and
destroy the race and crops, and Allah dislikes mischief." From this verse, it is known that
destroying green fields, plains and plants is the way of the hypocrites; a believer cannot
commit this ugly act. Anyway, Allah Almighty has declared trees to be the adornment of the
earth, so why unauthorized cutting should may be permitted The ALLAH Almighty said in
Surah Kahf: "Whatever is on the surface of the earth (animals, plants, creatures, etc.) We
have made it for the beautification of the earth." In this context, why not to ban the cutting of
trees, as the system of trees and plants causes water to rain from the sky. This increases the
natural beauty of the universe. Trees provide oxygen to living things. They moderate wind
speed. The temperature is reduced and they absorb all kinds of germs that cause air pollution.
Keywords: Seerah, Plantation, Plains and Plants, Climate Change, Environmental Pollution.
160
Page
IPSAC-161
Plant spacing and nutrient supply optimization for increased seed quality and
production of seed cotton
Muhammad Waqas1, Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar1, Shoaib ur

Rehman1, Furqan Ahmad1, UmmaraWaheed1, Zulqarnain Khan1, Imran Hameed2, Shahid
Iqbal1, Sohail Irshad3
1
Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan.
2
Fatima Fertilizer Company (Pvt) Ltd., Multan, Pakistan
3
Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s email: mahmood.alam@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
The quality of cotton seed is governed by many factors and among these factors crop
nutrition and planting densities are major ones. Changing climate is severely affecting cotton
crop growth so optimization of nutrient sources for balanced nutrition is inevitable to get
high-quality seed. Therefore, present study was conducted in collaboration with Fatima
Fertilizer Company (Pvt) Ltd to investigate the effect of different sources of nutrients and
plant spacing on cotton seed quality under changing climate scenario. Cotton genotype SS-32
was sown in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Different
nutrient source combinations (DAP+SOP+UREA, NP+SOP+CAN, DAP+CAN+SOP,
NP+UREA+SOP) by keeping N:P:K dose as constant factor were used in plots of cotton
grown at different plant spacing (cm) i.e. 15, 22.5, 30. Effect of nutrient sources and plant
spacing were found significant in yield and yield components. The research showed that
planting density have impact on cotton seed yield and quality of lint and nutrients
management shows the difference in germination % and seed oil contents and yield and fiber
quality traits. Planting geometry also has significant impacts on seed quality, yield and fiber
quality traits. It is concluded that plant spacing significantly influenced number of sympodial
branches per plant, plant height (cm), number of bolls per plant, average boll weight (g), seed
cotton yield per plant (g) and seed cotton yield (kg ha-1). Moreover, Plant height, sympodial
branches and total bolls per plant reduced in cotton grown in narrow row spacing.
Significantly maximum seed cotton yield (2761 kg ha-1) was obtained in treatment
combination NP+SOP+CAN and 30cm planting density.
Keywords: Cotton; Nutrients; Plant spacing; Seed quality; climate change.

161
Page
IPSAC-162
Cotton seed quality and stand establishment are enhanced by boron seed priming
Arslan Ali1, Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar1, Shoaib ur Rehman1,
Furqan Ahmad1, Zulqarnain Khan1, Muhammad Ali Sher1, Ummara Waheed1, Babar Fareed1,
Shahid Iqbal1, Sohail Irshad2
1
Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan.
2
Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author‘s email: mahmood.alam@mnsuam.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Among fiber crops cotton crop plays a major role in fulfilling the fiber demand of industry.
Cotton is facing different problems which resulted in poor yield. Nutrients deficiency is one
of the major factors that affect cotton crop currently in Pakistan. Boron deficiency occurs in
cotton field which ultimately affect seed development and cotton crop yield. Therefore, a
research experiment consisting of different concentrations of boron (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5
%w/v), primed, hydro-primed and no treated seed as sub plots and soil applied boron (2.5
kg/acre) and no soil applied boron (control) as main plots was conducted under split plot
arrangement at MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan Pakistan. Soil boron application
significantly improved the final emergence percentage (73.8%), seed vigor (1603%), plant
height (128.2 cm), monopodial branches (3.38) and sympodial branches (16.0) per plant,
chlorophyll content (55.3 SPAD), bolls per plant (15.6), seeds per boll (25.4), lint weight
(1.36 g), seed weight (2.60 g), 1000 seeds weight (100.0 g), lint yield (790 kg ha-1),
economic yield (2423 kg ha-1) and fiber strength (26.0 g/tex) of cotton crop. Similarly, seed
boron priming also significantly improved final emergence percentage (74.7%), time to 50%
emergence (2.27 Days), mean emergence days (5.06 Days), seed vigor (1740%), plant height
(130.0 cm), chlorophyll content (56.2 SPAD), monopodial branches (3.62) and sympodial
branches (16.3) per plant, bolls per plant (16.8), seeds per boll (27.3), lint weight (1.42 g),
seed weight (2.78 g), 1000 seeds weight (110.0 g), lint yield (913 kg ha-1), economic yield
(2531 kg ha-1 ) and fiber strength (26.9 g/tex), of cotton crop. In conclusion, cotton seeds
primed with 0.5% B or soil applied boron (2.5 kg/acre) is a pragmatic option to improve the
stand establishment and quality and quantity of seed cotton of cotton crop.
Keywords: Stand establishment; hydro-priming; boron; lint yield; time to 50% emergence 162
Page
IPSAC-163
Impact Of Climate Change On Global Food Security
Sheeza Hameed1, Mubashra Iftikhar1, Umer Maqsood*1, Amina Tariq1, Afshan Sehar1,
Shahbaz Nasir Khan2
1.
Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2.
*Corresponding Author‘s Email: umer.maqsood@uaf.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Availability, stability, utilization, and excess of food for people are the key elements of the
food security system. The increase in global average temperature and the more frequent,
longer, and more intense extreme weather phenomena, such as droughts, heatwaves, hail,
torrential and acid rains, floods, or out-of-season frosts, pose a serious threat to global food
security in the coming years. According to reports, the number of new individuals in danger
of being hungry due to climate changes by 2080 will range widely between 5 million and 170
million. The basic reasons for the drastic climate changes are global warming, deforestation,
modernization, volcanic eruption, and rapid increase in the level of greenhouse gasses in the
atmosphere. By reducing these factors, we can minimize the climatic changes but cannot
enhance our food security system. Thus, in order to enhance food security, we need to
develop different strategies such as genetic modification in plants (e.g. drought tolerance
plant), the use of advanced technologies for the handling of agricultural produces, the use of
advanced packaging systems such as CAP, MAP, active packaging and intelligent packaging.
The valorization of food waste can also contribute to satisfying the increasing demand of the
world. We should also try to find out new ways that will help us to overcome the impacts of
climate changes on our food security system.
Keywords: Food Security, Climate Change, CAP, MAP.
163
Page
Pursuant to approval of the Competent Authority, following committees are hereby notified
pertaining to the ―International Conference on Precision and Sustainable Agriculture Under
Climate Change (IPSAC-2023)‖ scheduled to be held on February 16-17, 2023 at KFUEIT
RYK:
1. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE IPSAC-2023
• Prof. Dr. Muhammad Suleman Tahir, Vice Chancellor-KFUEIT-Patron-in-Chief
• Prof. Dr. Shahzad Murtaza, Dean/Director, KFUEIT-Patron
• Dr. Muhammad Sagir, Registrar/Director, KFUEIT-Principal Organizer
• Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz, HoD, Principal Organizer
• Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Director-QEC/Convener
• Engr. Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas, Member/Co-Convener
• Dr. Basharat Ali (Assistant Prof., Agri. Engineering-Member/Secretary
2. EXECUTIVE GUESTS INVITATION COMMIITTEE

• Dr. Muhammad Sagir (Registrar)
• Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz (HoD, Agricultural Engineering)
• Mr. Muhammad Abid Ali, PS to VC (Secretary)
• Mr. Rana Jahanzaib, Assistant Director (Admin. & Coord.)
3. CENTRAL COORDINATION COMMITTEE

• Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir (Director QEC)
• Engr. Dr. Shahid Atiq (Chairman Electrical Engineering)
• Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz (HoD, Agri. Engineering)
• Engr. Dr. M. Ashraf (Assistant Professor)
• Lt. Col. (R) Abid Dastgir (Chief Security Officer)
• Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan (Director Students Affairs)
• Mr. Muhammad Abid Ali, PS to VC (Secretary)
• Mr. Rana Jahanzaib, Assistant Director (Admin. & Coord.)
4. SCIENTIFIC/ABSTRACT BOOK COMMITTEE

• Engr. Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas, Convener (Assistant Professor)
• Engr. Dr. Sanaullah Sahar (Assistant Professor-Mechanical Engg.)
• Dr. Adnan Noor Shah (Assistant Professor)
• Dr. Basharat Ali (Assistant Professor, Agri. Engineering)
• Dr. M. Saqlain Zaheer (Lecturer)
5. REGISTRATION/FILES COMMITTEE
• Engr. Dr. M. Ashraf (Assistant Professor)
164
• Engr. Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas (Assistant Professor)

• Dr. Habib Ali (Assistant Professor)
Page
• Dr. Javed Iqbal (Lecturer)

• Engr. Farwa Saeed (Lab Engineer)
• Engr. Abbas Ali (Lab Engineer)
6. RECEPTION/WELCOME TO HIGH OFFICIALS/GUESTS/PARTICIPANTS

• Prof. Dr. Shahzad Murtaza (Dean-KFUEIT)
• Dr. Muhammad Sagir (Registrar-KFUEIT)
• All Directors/ HoDs/ Incharge
7. ACCOMMODATION/MEAL COMMITTEE (HIGHER OFFICIALS/INVITED

SPEAKERS)
• Engr. Dr. Rana Mujahid Saleem (Assistant Professor-Chemical Engg.)
• Mr. Yasir Ali (Deputy Director Sports)
• Mr. Muhammad Abid Ali (PS to VC)
8. ACCOMMODATION/MEAL COMMITTEE (FOR STUDENTS)

• Dr. Basharat Ali (Assistant Prof., Deputy Warden Boys)
• Dr. M. Zubair-ul-Hassan Arslan (Lecturer, Deputy Warden Boys)
• Dr. Muhammad Nawaz (Assistant Professor)
• Mr. Qurban Ali (Teaching Assistant)
9. EXECUTIVE GUEST MEAL COMMITTEE

• Dr.Jallat Khan (Assistant Professor)
10. PINDAL /MARQUEE SEATING AND DISCIPLINE COMMITTEE

• Engr. Dr. Kamran Ikram (Assistant Professor)
• Dr. Adnan Bodlah (Assistant Professor)
• Dr. Javed Iqbal (Lecturer, Agri. Engineering)
• Dr. Shahbaz Ali (Lecturer)
11. HALL/AUDITORIUM COMMITTEE

165
12. STAGE DECORATION COMMITTEE

• Engr. Dr. Noman Ali Buttar (Assistant Professor)
Page
• Dr. Adnan Bodlah (Assistant Professor)

13. STAGE Moderator COMMITTEE

• Dr. Ahmed Sohaib (Director ICT)
• Engr. Dr. Yasir Niaz (HoD Agricultural Engineering)
14. PUBLICITY/ MEDIA COMMITTEE (PRINTING AND PUBLICITY

(PENALFLEX, BROCHURE, ETC.)
• Dr. M. Saqlain Zaheer (Convener-Lecturer)
• Dr. Adnan Khalil (Assistant Professor)
• Dr. Tanveer Ahmad (Assistant Professor, Life Sciences)
15. PRINTING SHIELDS, CERTIFICATES AND PANA FLEXES FOR

GUESTS/PARTICIPANTS
16. PINDAL/MARQUEE SETUP AND FOOD COMMITTEE

• Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan, (Director Students Affairs)
• Engr. Dr. M. Mohsin Waqas (Assistant Professor)
• Engr. Jaffar Sattar (Lecturer, Agricultural Engineering)
17. AUDIO-VIDEO AND IT SUPPORT COMMITTEE

• Dr. Ahmed Sohaib (Director ICT)
• Mr. Muhammad Tariq Ali, (Deputy Director (ITS)
• Mr. Bilal Ahmad, Deputy Director (ITS)
17. POSTER EVALUATION COMMITTEE

• Engr. Dr. M. Ashraf (Convener-Assistant Professor)
• Engr. Dr. Abu Baker (Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering)
• Dr. Basharat Ali (Assistant Professor, Agri. Engineering)
18. TRANSPORT COMMITTEE

• Dr. Rana Mujahid (Incharge Scholarship & Financial Assistance Department)
• Engr. Makhdoom Ibad Ullah Hashmi (Lecturer)
•
166
Mr. Humayun Irshad (Transport Supervisor)
19. SECURITY COMMITTEE

Page
• Lt. Col. (R) Abid Dastagir, (Chief Security Officer)

• Dr. Nadeem Salamat (Chief Proctor)
167
Page
Page 168

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About Us

Our core values are:

On behalf of the organizing committee, I welcome you to the International Conference on

Reception of Guests at Worthy Vice Chancellor Office 8:00am-9:00am

Conference Desert Dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm

Zoom Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88311009520?pwd=ckJGUDRZc0k2UE8zUTRKUCtQbG50QT09

3 TECHNICAL SESSION-I [CIEN-1.03L] Plant Production and Environment

Conference Dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm

4 TECHNICAL SESSION-I [CIEN-1.03R] Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency

Conference dinner 17:30pm-20:30pm

5 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [CIEN-1.03L] Abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00am

6 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [CIEN-1.03R] Water Resources and Climate Change

Zoom Link: https://us05web.zoom.us/j/83311047942?pwd=NmthWUwwNUErWDc4NStvMERJRjExUT09

Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00am

7 TECHNICAL SESSION-II [Civil auditorium] Sustainable Agriculture

Tea Break/ Posters Evaluation 10:30am-11:00 am

8 TECHNICAL SESSION-III [CIEN-1.03L] Renewable Energy in Agriculture/Waste water

9 TECHNICAL SESSION-III [CIEN-1.03R] Environmental Sustainability under Climate

11 Closing ceremony [Civil auditorium] 12:30pm

12 Zoom Link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88311009520?pwd=ckJGUDRZc0k2UE8zUTRKUCtQbG50QT09

Mustansar Abbas, Rana Ammar Aslam

Muhammad Sajjad, Khalid Hussain and Shahid Nazeer

Mohsin Tanveer, Adnan Noor Shah and Lei Wang

Munaza Batool, Safdar Bashir, Azra Parveen, Sanober Gull, Sanullah

Zuhair Hasnain, Iqtidar Hussain

Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Ahsan Ahmad Awan, Ghufrana Samin, Ahmad

Sadia Khalid, Muhammad Shahbaz, Naveed Ul Hassan and Mudassar Nadeem

Muhammad Arif, Ghulam Yasin, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar

Amar Mehmood, Gulshan Irshad, Qamar-Uz-Zaman, M. Usman Raja, Tehmina

Iqtidar Hussain and Saqib Raza Zaidi

Rehman Khalid, Ghayass sagheer, Gul E Lala, Nayla Haneef

Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan,

Aqsa Shabbir, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar

Muhammad Amjid, Muhammad Sajid, Hassan Munir, Sadam Hussain, Marjan

Ayesha Younas, Alishbah Mohsin, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

Alishbah Mohsin, Ayesha Younas, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

Aleena Kanwal, Qirat Fayyaz, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah

Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Shahzaman Rasool, Wajid Ayoub

Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Imran, Ali Usama

Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Aneela Ashiq, Shumaila

Muhammad Ammar Amjad, Basharat Ali, Javed Iqbal, Asma Aslam

Altaf Alam Noonari

Muhammad Wajid, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Shafqat Saeed, Muhammad Ashfaq,

Nouman Khurshid, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Adnan Noor Shah, Wajid

Baila Ahmad, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Zulfiqar Ahmad

Murtaza Ahmed and Shahbaz Nasir Khan

Iqtidar Hussain and Muhammad Jawad Nazir

Jun Wang, Yaming, Yuan, Songnan Li

S. A. Soomro, M. S. Mirjat, M.A. Mangrio, M. A. Talpur

Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary, Nadeem Akbar, Qais Yameen, Muhammad Rizwan,

Rafi Qamar, Abdul Rehman, Atique-ur-Rehman

Abdul Rehman, Rafi Qamar and Atique-ur-Rehman

Muhammad Abdul Qayyum, Tariq Ayesha

M. Usman Shahid, Ayesha Saeed, Haleema Sadia

Taswar Ahsan, Adnan Khalil

Atif Liaqat, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai, Muhammad Adil Farooq,

Muhammad Awais Ghani, Saleha Saeed, Hamza Mujahid, Basharat Ali,

Muhammad Awais Ghani, Hamza Mujahid, Adnan Ramzan, Basharat Ali,

Mariam Ashraf, Tahreem Fatima, Tabinda Fatima, Fahad Yaqoob, Muhammad

Rafi Qamar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Ather Nadeem, Hafiz Muhammad

Muhammad Haroon Hullio, Mehran Khan Hullio, Ghulam Qadeer Junejo

Muhammad Maaz Hameed, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad