Teachers Notes:

New dictionary, new words

NEW Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Why do we need a new dictionary? Sometimes people ask us why we regularly
bring out new editions of our Oxford dictionaries for learners of English. One of the
reasons is that language is constantly changing, and it’s very often the new words
that people are unfamiliar with and need to look up.
Often it’s possible to work out the meaning of a new word – especially if it has been
created out of a word that already exists, but has been combined in a new way,
either with another word, or with a prefix or suffix. Others may be impossible to
guess. Words may change their function: a noun can become a verb simply by the
addition of an ending. Foreign words may become part of the language where there
was no English word to express an idea. Complicated new inventions may have long
names that no one would remember, so abbreviations take on the job of naming
new things.
The lesson in this month’s Word Link focuses on words that have all been added
to the 8th edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Your students
may already know some of them, but we hope they’ll enjoy looking at how these
newcomers to the language were created.

Level: Advanced
Time: 45 minutes
Aim: To raise awareness of the origin of new words. To learn and put into practice
new words from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Skills: Speaking

Before you start:

You will need a copy of the New words handout for every student or one between
two. One copy of the activity worksheet cut-up.

Warmer
• Ask the students why they think new words come into the language. Answers:
might be the need for names for new inventions and phenomena, changes in
lifestyle, or the influence of other languages.
• Then ask them how new words are created.
• Put the following words in bold on the board. Explain that all of these words are
recent additions to the English language and ask them to work out or guess what
has happened.

Grammar lin

Vocabulary lin PHOTOCOPIABLE © Oxford University Press 2010

Word Skills lin

 anonymize – change of part of speech; here, an adjective, anonymous, has been
turned into a verb
greenwash – formation of new compounds; here a verb has been formed on the
pattern of an existing word (whitewash)
declutter – formation of a new word using existing words combined with affixes or
other combining forms, often from Latin or Greek roots
ident – an abbreviation becomes a noun with its own specific meaning, often in jargon
kaizen – foreign words: this is a Japanese word which has come into the language with
the spread of Japanese business practices

Activity 1
Give out the New words handout and ask students to find other examples of each of
these phenenomena and explain how they think the words have been formed looking
at the original meaning of the roots and explaining whether there has been a change
of meaning.
Possible answers:
• change of part of speech: angsty, disrespect, incentivize
• new compounds – by far the largest group, covering many of the new words in ALD8:
(blended learning, carbon footprint, climate change, credit crunch, deal-
breaker, etc.)
• new words with affixes and combining forms: cybercrime, malware, micromanage
• abbreviations: GI, GMO
• foreign words: kakuro, parkour

Activity 2
• Distribute the cut-out cards among the students.
• Each student can check the meaning of the word in bold in their card on the New
word handout.
• Students then mingle and each finds a partner. They read out the question to their
partner who must then answer the question. If they are unfamiliar with the new
words they can check with their partner.
• After discussing both questions, the students swap cards and go and find another
partner.
• As follow up you could ask students which new word they will remember most
and why.

Grammar lin

Vocabulary lin PHOTOCOPIABLE © Oxford University Press 2010

Word Skills lin

 G GMO
thatacompletely
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em "@U ; NAmEthe
changes way
"oU/ (pl. GMOs)
a situation
noun the abbrevi-kapok MLkeIpQk; NAmE -p
develops
for
man ) black
GMO a/%dZi; em
social "@U; at
event NAmE "oU/
which people
noun drink coffee the abbrevi- fine white clay used in
(pl. GMOs) cushio
ˌgarage
kaf
ation forˈrock
ation AfiAfor yeh
‘genetically
= (keffiyeh
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modified a type oforganism’ rock music
organism’
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(a
plant,with
plant, so
etc. athat
etc. thatlot ial used for filling
porcelain for cups, plat
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of energy, had
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MLk&f@ genetic
often r )by / noun structure
musicians ( taboo,who changed
slang ) a very
are not artificially,
offensive
professionals word that itkappa MLk&p@/ noun the
has
kafir
will
for aproducehad MLk&fI@ its
black African genetic
( r ) ; NAmE structure
Lk&f@r/
more fruit or not be affected by disease) changed
noun a word artificially,
used by so Mus-that it kapok MLkeIpQk ; NAmE -p
gear (K, �)
will produce
lims ·head more
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isbenot affected noun by(disease)
informal ) abeper- ial used for filling cushio
green
kaf Afito ·
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wash a person
keffiyeh
/"gri;nwQS ; NAmE -wO;S/ a Muslim, noun that(disapprov-
[U] can
kaput Mk@LpUt/ adj. [not be
son who
green
considered ·wash is very
offensive enthusiastic
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(disapprov- de-kappa MLk&p@/ noun the
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vices
kafir ) activities
and
MLk&fI@ ( rby
equipment: ); NAmE a company He’s
Lk&f@r/ a total ornoun angearhead—can’t
organization
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(6,1) Kaf ing
tended )Aka activities
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people
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adj. anused itorganization
to describe
isMuslim,
concerned that are
a situ-
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the
Black
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plate (6,1) from
lims
tended the
to to race
refer make totrack.a person
people who
think is
that not it a is concerned that can
about be the karaAbin Aer MKk&r@LbiFn
environment,
ation
considered that isoffensive even if itsand
confusing realfrightening, business actually especially harms onethe in-en-kaput open
Mk@LpUt/ adj. [not be
to allow a The
ropetrut
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environment,
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vironment even Glycaemicif
complicated official rules and systems its real Index (aactually
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that
measuring
do notthe en- correctly; broken:
Kaf theAka
vironment effect Aesque of foods containing carbohydrates
MKk&fk@Lesk/ adj. used to Black
describe plate
on athe (13,1)
situ- level climbers to attach them
Afrobeat blogroll ˌhard-
seem to
of sugar ˈwiredmake any
in is the adj.sense:
blood): 1 (technical My attempt ) (oftomainly get a new passport
computer functions) karaAoke A bin er A MKk&r@LbiFn
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turned
built into ˈwired
that into thea permanentadj. 1The
confusing
Kafkaesque and
(technical diet is based
frightening,
nightmare.
system ) and (of not especially
computer
e
on low
provided From one GI foods.
functions)
bythe
in- kara
soft- ese open to allow MKk&riL@Uki; N
a rope t
H GMO volving
built into
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and ( systems
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abbrevi- soft- ) a type of entertainme
name of the Czech
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when the music of popular to attach them
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition new words
under
Afro which/"&fr@Ubi;t
beat many campaign
; NAmE groups
"&froU/gathered.
noun [U]s broad
a type of malware son
A Afro ··beat
church
music combines ; traditional
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rhythms of seemare
ation
ware
describe
you
has
turned had
to
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(of
into
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situations and
genetic
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anynot
Kafkaesque
sense:
quality
like modified
this.
changing
structure
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or type attempt
nightmare.
organism’
of behaviour)
during
changed
toyourget(a alife:
new
plant,
artificially,
present
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From
passport
etc. when
aspects
soaspects
that
the
that
it kara
words Aoke MKk&riL@Uki; N
themselves: a kara
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of
age are
moralitysb to born appear not
into a changing
be hard-wired
particular during
way in your
the
by e
brain.life: Many
offering them a re-
singing
bio styles
·fuelstyles with jazz
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and "baIoU-/ kaf will Atan ( also cafAtan) MLk&ft&n/ noun 1 a long loose
produce more to fruit orFranz not beKafka, affected by disease) ese ) a type of entertainme
name
of morality of theappear Czech writerbe hard-wired in the whose brain. novels often Youkarat caratson
singing
from plant
with jazz and funk
or animal sourcesorand used in Black plate
engines: (8,1) ˈhead ward:
piece of~ clothing,
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nounto usuallyincentivize
alike
thing or aninnovation
with aexperience
x
belt at the that ~ sb
waist, toworn
you do find sth byvery the music ( NAmE of) =popular
angsty /&Nsti/ adj. having showing feelings of biofuels
angst: ˈhead describe
greenneed to wash
rush
· situations
incentivize noun /"gri;nwQS a
yourthing this.
existing;or NAmE an experience
-wO;S/
customers noun
to that
stay [U]you (
with find
disapprov-
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words Mk@LrAFti/ noun
themselves: a kara[
angsty /&Nsti/ adj. having or showing
made feelings of angst: exciting:
men in Arab the physical
countrieshead 2 a rush woman’s of being long inloose
love dress with
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a rebellious, A)tan
exciting: activities by aAtan)company orofanbeing organization thatloose are de- in- in which you use your han
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love
1 aislong
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also caf MLk&ft&n/ noun
bio Stefan
·se·plays
a terrorist curcell. ·the
ityxx role angsty
of a rebellious, angsty
poetry/drama/lyrics ; NAmE outsider joins ˈheads-up
inlong
tended to
sleeves
noun
make
noun
(
people pl. a swimming
heads-up think or pool
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(about sth) karat ( NAmE ) = carat
inthat it at is concerned about the
/%baI@UsI"kjU@r@ti %baIoUs@"kjUr-/ ˈka piece
heads-up ofso clothing, usually with ait, belt the Black
waist, ~ plate
worn (14,1)
by chop (= a blow with the s
a
Blu-ray terrorist
noun [U] thecell. activities angsty poetry/drama/lyrics
involved in preventing the spread of
signed
(environment,
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especially = that,noun
cagoule
NAmE when
even ) (apl. you
ifpiece
heads-up
its2real
are
of information
business
or the pool
heads-ups) seems
given
actually into
harms
stretch
(about
advance the en-
tokar
sth)
of Aate Mk@LrAFti/ noun [
ano·nym nym·ize ize ((BrE BrE also -ise) /@"nQnImaIz; NAmE @"nA;n-/ men
(sth
the in Arab
horizon
especially NAmE countries
(= )Send awhere
piece athe
ofwoman’s information
skya heads-up
seems long loose
given
to meet dress
in advance
the with
land ofkarma MLkAFm@; NAmE Lk
or
ano also -ise ) one ; NAmE @"nA;n-/ or as advice: everyone about the changes
verb· 1 ~ · plant in which you use your han
animal and diseases fromanonymize /@"nQnImaIz area toaanother ka vironment
huna Mk@LhuFn@/ noun ( NAmE , informal ) an important
(technical )nounif you test result, blogroll espe- long
sth A
or wide as sleeves
advice: Send everyone a heads-up about the changes and
chopHinduism)
(= a blow the sumtheofs
Blu-ray TM sth technology that uses a blue sea)
well in advance. Black plate (13,1)
verb 1 Berry ~ sth (technical
/"blu; TM reI/ ) if you; anonymize [U] a test result, espe-a ˌhard-
person;
man ˈwiredthe person in1charge Black plate (13,1) with
Black cially ·a(=
laser medical a verytest test /"bl&kb@ri
strong result, lineyou you
of NAmE remove
light) -beri/
to any noun
record information
andplate (play
pl. -ies) that
large ka well
jazzed Agoul inbag advance.
= cagoule adj. (technical ) (of computer
(informal ) excited: functions) I film
waskarma of their lives, believed to
cially
very a medical
small computer result,
that you can remove hold any
in Black
your information
hand and (9,1)
that
that H ident
built
/dZ&zd/
/"aIdent/
into the (someone
adj. [not
noun
permanent ( BrE before) a noun]
piece of music Black or aplate
short (13,1) J MLkAFm@ ; NAmE Lk
shows
under
amounts
shows
who
which
who of itmany
high belongs
itforbelongs quality campaign todata 2~
toinformation, on groups
sth
a
~ sth (computingtype (computing
gathered.
of Black
CD: ) if
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s
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you
high
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(9,1)
broad def-
ano- I kai
ident
ka jazzed
thatAhunaMkaI/
is tonoun
/"aIdent/
meetMk@LhuFn@/ NZE noun , informal
(BrE
noun so famous. )system
a) foodpiece
(programmes
NAmE
and of not
, informal music provided
an
so) that orimportant
apeople
short by soft- film in the next life 2 good/b
you
nymizemovies
church can use
data that storing
is sentonorBlu-Ray.
2 sending
received over the Internet, you Black and receiving(9,1) I
kai does
ware
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broadcast a skill, about between
quality
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programmes of behaviour) A) combination
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malware
people ofthe mali-
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can
and ofHinduism) the sum oft
doing a particular
inition
nymize
emails
remove anddatatext
any
are all
that
information
is out sent or received
messages, that identifies making over
and
which
the
receiving Internet,
particular phone you
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recognize
ciousare
you bar
and
MLkaIz@
the
born person
a radio
noun
software.and
( r ) /
not
noun
in
station
a cafe charge
changing
(orfrom
serving television German
during drinks your
1
channel Kaiser
made life: from
Many
(in
malware freshly etc:
aspects of their lives, believed
Vegetarians believe to tha
bio
body remove ·fuel mass any /"baI@Ufju;@l
index
information ; NAmE that (abbr "baIoU-/
identifies noun
an
which , U]declutter
[Cparticular
approximate fuel meas- made
com- recognize
past)
squeezed a ruler a radio
fruit of Germany, station or
of television
Austria, orchannel
of the Holy Roman
malware
calls
puterand thatlooking at the noun Internet: BMI)Check your Black emails plate via your
(9,1) kai
ˈin
man of ·cen MkaI/
morality bag tiv
·to noun ize
·appear ( NZE a((BrE bag, informal
to aalso
be -ise
hard-wired
designed ) food) for in the
/In"sentIvaIz/
men bytobrain.carry verb money, to encour- in the next life 2 good/b
from ofplant
data
or animal originally sources cameand from used tooin engines: declutter biofuels in age
Empire:
· cen sb · tiv behave
Kaisernoun
·ize Wilhelm in also particular
2-ise ( also) way
Lkaiser offering
roll) them
to
( NAmE encour-) keys,
aa re-kart MkAFt; NAmE kAFrt/ n
ˈˌjunk
ure
puter whether
that data sb weighs
originally too
came much from or little, calculated
declutter by sbˈaI
science BrE (from /In"sentIvaIz/ )) used verb fect of doing a particular t
anti BlackBerry.
made
vehicle · from
glob such
x a BlackBerry
sugar
· al as
· iza ancane· tion
SUV and handset
thatsugar
(BrE is beet also
designed -isa tion
toheight
be used )in metresin the kai
head age
small
ward:
crisp
age
Aser
sb ~to
breadtoMLkaIz@
pieces
rush sth behaveways
roll
behave noun reI
of (equipment, /in
noun
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in
a [U]
thing particular
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incentivize
a particular
disapproving
etc. aninnovation way by
experience
German
way by ~ to
1offering
OIKaiser
that
offering
refer
sbI@youtothem (in
do
them
tothe
find
e@sth
ideas
avery re- for
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re- etc:racing
sthaYou
x
dividing their weight in kilograms by their /%&nti- u aU oU U@
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ˌbleeding and
ward: ~ruler
theories aUways that seem
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innovation researched ~stay and scientific
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anti vehicle
country ·glob such
but ·al ˈedge
is ·iza
as ;
used an ·tion
SUV
noun
in towns that (BrE
[sing.] and
also~ -isa
is designed
the cities (of
instead
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to[U]tion
sth)be (used ) /%&nti-
computing
opposition
of a in the
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exciting:
need
mashupu
ward: amy
to aI
~
sth
the
incentivize of
/"m&SVp/
ways Germany,
physical to head @U
incentivizeexisting
(BrE) Austria,
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customers
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(NAmE) or of in
of the
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love
to ~
sb
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elements I@ to withdo
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squared·se
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NAmE
/%baI@UsI"kjU@r@ti
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that and
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NAmE Black
to[U]beopposition plate
%baIoUs@"kjUr-/
used
declutter (9,1)
in the to
actual
kai but into
need A
Empire: zen fact sth now
MKkaILzen/
have Wilhelm
incentivize
Kaiser
say
little
noun
noun
your
go
evidence [U]
existing ( go
business
goto
x
support
customers
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from them
toroll) sb
near
Japanese
stay to
(with
dohair )sth
the
you.
pure
asth)
kart
kart
Aing MLkAFtIN; NAmE
MkAFt; NAmE kAFrt/ n
country
technology
car:
the the
increase but
environmental
the isin
thatactivities isNAmE
the so inadvanced
power towns
cost
involved of
of driving
large in cities a noun
there instead
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international
preventing may tractor
the of
be a normal
problems
companies
spread of ˈactual ˈfinity
ferent
heads-up
inpractice
need tomy sources now
pool
incentivize noun say
used noun pl.go
(your a(BrE)
toheads-up 2 ( also
create
swimming
existing (NAmE)
acustomers
new
or pool
heads-ups)song, boy
that
to staynear
video,
is ~ NAmE
specially
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computer
(about you. ) pure de- cing in karts
BOGOF noun
country
the
car:
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;theNAmE inwere
power /towns
abbr. (and
of drivingBrE, cities
large instead
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one, a get
companies normal one ˌkey ˈfinity
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worker of continuously
rolletc.:
pool (BrEa swimming improving
)mashup 12workerpool
ainformation the
in one way
that in
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specially essential a de- for racing
chill and the
when
animal
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free ax you environmental
institutions
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cost
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bleeding
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another
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individual
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offer
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sth:
used
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designed
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in
effects shops/stores):
relax
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to
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on
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stop
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sth
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m-commerceAzen
signed orhorizon sosuch
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that,
health,
when
when Send where
noun noun you
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everyone
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the
[U]
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sky
in
it,
,of
or the
the
a heads-up
business
it, seems
the
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pool
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( fromthe
seems
about
meet
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Japanese
business
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to
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changes
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buy-
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or
to ground in a N African city
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chilloffers
country
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individual bargains
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countries, in towns ;
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NAmE -beri/
todude—I’m
relaxinstead
poorer noun
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stop anti-a
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a normal
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(=noun where find
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type
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seemshousing. make-up
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ˌblended
ˌcitizen angry
globalization
very
car: thesmall ˈcomputer
nervous
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journalism
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atcost
that
sth:
the
noun you G8
of
slang
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[U]summit
can
driving
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a xChelsea
studying
your anti-globalization
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pictures
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ing
the
Asian and
horizon advance.
women,
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is put around on improving
the the sky Internet
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the
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to
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meet
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of the
which
mobile/cell
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plate
eyes land (16,1)
to ka or cing in karts
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bump angry
globalization or/bVmp/ protests
verb about at sth:
the noun G8 Chillax,
summit dude—I’m
the on
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vehicle
movement
you
events combines
can suchˈjournalism
use
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for an
storing
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Student Worksheet:

New dictionary, new words

Would you ever go kitesurfing What effect do you think size zero
and what do you think about other models have on young women
extreme sports? today?

Is there a panic room in your place Do you think governments are

of work or home? When do you investing enough money in
think you would need one? renewables?

How concerned about climate

What are the advantages of having
change are you and what can we
satnav?
do about it?

Do you know anyone who has been

How much of your time do you
on parental leave? What are the
spend social networking?
benefits?

How do you feel about thrill Have you ever been the victim of
rides? cybercrime?

What are the advantages of

Have there been any biosecurity
blended learning as a way of
issues in your country recently?
delivering training and education.

When, if ever, do you think e-books Would you ever be interested in

will replace the printed books. buying a fixer-upper?

What do you think about affordable

Have you ever had a eureka
housing being built especially for
moment? If so, what happened?
key workers?

What do you think about illegal file How do you think we can keep
sharing? food miles to a minimum?
Grammar lin

Vocabulary lin PHOTOCOPIABLE © Oxford University Press 2010

Word Skills lin