Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Jhansi (U.P.) India – 284128

(An Autonomous Institute)
Session 2022-23

Subject: Soft Skills (BAS205)

Topic: Communication Skills

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Dr. Manisha Sharma Prashant Yadav

(2200430400021)
 Declaration
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in B.
Tech Project Based Learning Report entitled “Communication
Skills”, as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering,
submitted to the Department of Applied Science of
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology Jhansi (UP),
is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the
guidance and supervision of
Dr. Manisha Sharma, in the Applied Sciences Department.

The matter presented in this project report in full form or part,

has not been submitted by me for the award of any other
degree elsewhere and is free from plagiarism.

Name:
Prashant Yadav (2200430400021)
 Acknowledgement
The completion of this undertaking could not have been
possible without the participation and assistance of so many
people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their
contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully
acknowledged.
We are sincerely grateful to our head of department Dr.
Yashpal Singh who provided us the platform to work on our
project. He supported us throughout our project journey and
enlightened us. He supervised as well as provided all the
necessary information regarding the project and also supported
in completing the project. His constant guidance and
willingness to share his vast knowledge made us understand
this project. We would like to show our gratitude towards all
Faculty members who always willingly helped us.
We would like to express our gratitude to our parents and
family for their kind cooperation and encouragement which
help us in the completion of this project.

Name:
Prashant Yadav (2200430400021)
 Oral Communication

Oral communication includes individuals conversing with each other, be it

direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations,
discussions are all forms of oral communication.
Oral communication is generally recommended when the communication matter
is of temporary kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face to face
communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so
as to build a rapport and trust.

Advantages of Oral Communication

 There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is interpersonal.
 There is no element of rigidity in oral communication. There is flexibility for allowing changes in the
decisions previously taken.
 The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus, decisions can be made quickly without
any delay.
 Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money and efforts.
 Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The conflicts, disputes and many
issues/differences can be put to an end by talking them over.
 Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy.

Disadvantages/Limitations of Oral Communication

 Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication is formal and very
organized.
 Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal and not as
organized as written communication.
 Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long
speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times.
 Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady.
 There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and may lack essentials.
 It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the receivers/audience.
 Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as legal records except in investigation work

Nuisance
Nuisance is a common law tort. It means something which causes offence,
annoyance, trouble or injury. A nuisance can be either public or private.

Under the common law, persons in possession of real property (land owners, lease
holders etc.) are entitled to the quiet enjoyment of their lands. However this doesn't
include visitors or those who aren't considered to have an interest in the land. If a
neighbor interferes with that quiet enjoyment, either by creating smells, sounds,
pollution or any other hazard that extends past the boundaries of the property, the
affected party may make a claim in nuisance.

Legally, the term nuisance is traditionally used in three ways:

1. to describe an activity or condition that is harmful or annoying to others (e.g., indecent conduct, a rubbish
heap or a smoking chimney)
2. to describe the harm caused by the before-mentioned activity or condition (e.g., loud noises or
objectionable odors)
3. to describe a legal liability that arises from the combination of the two. However, the "interference" was not
the result of a neighbor stealing land or trespassing on the land. Instead, it arose from activities taking place
on another person's land that affected the enjoyment of that land.
 Nonverbal communication (NVC)
Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals
through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures,
posture, use of objects and body language. It includes the use of social cues,
kinesics, distance and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage)
and of touch.

A signal has three different parts to it, including the basic signal, what the signal
is trying to convey, and how it is interpreted.[2] These signals that are transmitted
to the receiver depend highly on the knowledge and empathy that this individual
has.[3] It can also include the use of time and eye contact and the actions of
looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation,
pupil dilation, and blink rate

Darwin began to study nonverbal communication as he noticed the interactions

between animals such as lions, tigers, dogs etc. and realized they also
communicated by gestures and expressions. For the first time, nonverbal
communication was studied and its relevance questionen.

Modes of speech delivery

There are four basic methods of speech delivery:
 1. Manuscript
2. Memorized
3. Impromptu
4. Extemporaneous

Manuscript
A manuscript speech is when the speaker writes down every word they will speak during the
speech. When they deliver the speech, they have each word planned and in front of them on
the page, much like a newscaster who reads from a teleprompter.

Memorized
A memorized speech is also fully prepared in advance and one in which the
speaker does not use any notes. In the case of an occasion speech like a quick
toast, a brief dedication, or a short eulogy, word-for-word memorization might
make sense. Usually, though, it doesn’t involve committing each and every word
to memory,
Impromptu
An impromptu speech is one for which there is little to no preparation. There is
often not a warning even that the person may be asked to speak. For example,
your speech teacher may ask you to deliver a speech on your worst pet peeve.
You may or may not be given a few minutes to organize your thoughts.

Extemporaneous
The last method of delivery we’ll look at is extemporaneous. When speaking
extemporaneously, speakers prepare some notes in advance that help trigger their
memory of what they planned to say. These notes are often placed on note cards. A
4”x6” note card or 5”x7” size card works well. This size of note cards can be
purchased at any office supply store.

Kinesics
Kinesics is the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial
expressions and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to movement of any part of
the body or the body as a whole. The equivalent popular culture term is body
language, a term neither used nor liked (on the grounds that what can be
conveyed with the body does not meet the linguist's definition of language).

Paralinguistic features
Of voice dynamics
Paralinguistic refers to analysis of speech signals with the aim of extracting
information beyond the linguistic
content of speech (hence paralinguistic = alongside linguistic. In other words, PSP
does not focus on what is the literal transmitted message but on what additional
information is conveyed by the signal.
Speaker idolization, recognition, and verification, even though focusing on non-
linguistic aspects, are also traditionally considered as separate problems that do not
fall within the scope of PSP. A classical example of PSP is speech emotion
recognition, where the aim is to infer the emotional state of a speaker based on a
sample of his or her speech. In a similar manner, information related to the health
or age of a speaker could be inferred from the speech signal.

Proxemics
Proxemics is the study of human use of space and the effects that population
density has on behavior, communication, and social interaction.
Proxemics is one among several subcategories in the study of nonverbal
communication,
including haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage),
and chronemics (structure of time).
"The interrelated observations and theories of humans use of space as a
specialized elaboration of culture". In his foundational work on proxemics, The
Hidden Dimension, Hall emphasized the impact of proxemic behavior (the use of
space) on interpersonal communication. According to Hall, the study of
proxemics is valuable in evaluating not only the way people interact with others
in daily life, but also "the organization of space in [their] houses and buildings,
and ultimately the layout of [their] towns". Proxemics remains a hidden
component of interpersonal communication that is uncovered through
observation and strongly influenced by culture.
 Homophone
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as
another word but differs in meaning. A homophone may also differ in spelling.
The two words may be spelled the same, for
example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in
rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone may also apply to units longer or
shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are
pronounced the same as another phrase, letter, or group of letters. Any unit with
this property is said to be homophonous
Prefix and suffix
Prefix
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For example, the
word “unhappy” consists of the prefix “un-” [which means “not”] combined with
the root (or stem) word “happy”; the word “unhappy” means “not happy.”

Prefix Meaning Examples

de- from, down, away, reverse, decode, decrease

opposite

dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear

ex- out of, away from, lacking, exhale, explosion

former

il- not illegal, illogical

im- not, without impossible,

improper
 Suffixes
A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For example,
the word flavorless consists of the root word “flavor” combined with the
suffix “-less” [which means “without”]; the word “flavorless” means
“having no flavor.”
Suffi Meaning Examples
x

-able able to, having the comfortable,

quality of portable

-al relating to annual comical

-er comparative bigger, stronger

-est superlative strongest, tiniest

-ful full of beautiful, grateful