For Teachers

Bukidnon Association of Catholic Schools (BUACS), Inc.

Diocese of Malaybalay
NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL PILAR HIGH SCHOOL
Quezon, Bukidnon

Media and Information Literacy 11/12

Quarter 1

Name of Learner: Grade Level:

Section: Date:
Address:
Date of Release: Date of Submission: Date of Received:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 6

Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information
A. Background Information for Learners
In contemporary times, the creation of the human mind is given so much value to the extent that mechanism to protect
these creations are put in place. One such mechanism is legal and ethical in nature.
1. Intellectual Property in International and Local Context
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines Intellectual Property (IP) as the “creation of the mind,
such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.” Since the
products of human intellect have a direct influence on human civilization and on the development of societies, there
should be safeguards on intellectual property. Laws are enacted to enforce respect and recognition toward the fruits of
other people’s ingenuity. In the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, it has been agreed
among the state signatories that the WIPO will be “responsible for the promotion and protection of intellectual property
throughout the world through cooperation among states and, where appropriate, in collaboration with other international
organizations, and for the administration of various treaties dealing with intellectual property rights.”
Types of Intellectual Property
Terms Description Coverage
Legal term used to describe the rights Books, Music, Paintings,
Copyright that creators have over their literary Sculptures, Films, Computer
and artistic works programs, Databases,
Advertisements, Maps, Technical
drawings
Provides the patent owner with the Exclusive right granted for an
Patent right to decide how or whether, the invention
invention can be used by others in
exchange for this right. The patent
owner makes technical information
about the invention publicly available
in the published patent document
Trademark A sign capable of distinguishing Products solid or services offered
goods or services of one enterprise by a business entity
from those of other enterprise
Dates back to ancient times when
craftsmen used to put their signature
or “mark” on their products
Industrial Design Constitutes the ornamental or Design of an object (shape or
aesthetic aspect of an article/object surface, patterns, lines, or colors)
Geographical Indication Sign used on goods that have a The name of the place of origin of
and Appellation of specific geographical origin and the goods/products
Origin possess qualities a reputation or
characteristics that are essentially
attributable to that place of origin
Copyright is mainly the protection of one’s expressions which only becomes tangible and concrete when objects
are created as manifestation of these expressions. Laws do not normally have a complete list of all the works protected by
copyright, thus, it would serve more practical to be familiar with broader list of those commonly protected. It does not
cover “ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts” because no one person or institution can claim
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sole ownership of these. Sufficient authorship must exist for these to be covered by copyright. Even titles, slogans, or
logos may or may not have copyright.

2. The intellectual Property Law of the Philippines

The Philippines, as a State signatory in the Convention Establishing the WIPO, is duty-bound to pass a law on
intellectual property protection. Thus, the enactment of Republic Act 8293, otherwise known as “The Intellectual Property
Code of 1997.” According to it, intellectual property rights consist of: Copyright and related rights; trademarks and
service marks; geographical indications; industrial designs; patents; layout-designs of integrated circuits; and protection of
undisclosed information.

Terms related to Copyright from the Philippine IP Law

Author The natural person who has created the work
Collective work A work which has been created by two or more natural persons at the initiative
and under the direction of another with the understanding that it will be
disclosed by the latter under his own name and that contributing natural persons
will not be identified
Communication to The making of a work available to the public by wire or wireless means in such
the public or a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and time
communication to individually chosen by them
the public
Public lending The transfer of possession of the original or a copy of a work or sound
recording for a limited period, for non-profit purposes, by an institution; the
services of which are available to the public, such as public library or archive
Public In the case of a work other than an audiovisual work, is the recitation, playing,
performance dancing, acting, or otherwise performing the work, either directly or by means
of any device or process.
In case of an audio-visual work, the showing of its images in sequence and the
making of the sounds accompanying it audible
In the case of a sound recording, making the recorded sounds audible at a place
or at places where persons outside the normal circle of a family and that
family’s closest social acquaintances are or can be present at the same place at
the same time, or at different places and/or at different times, and where the
performance can be perceived without the need for communication within the
meaning of subsection 171.3 (of the law)
Published works Work, which the consent of the authors, are made available to the public by
wire or wireless means in such a way that members of the public may access
these works from a place and time individually chosen by them:
Provided, that availability of such copies has been such, as to satisfy the
reasonable requirements of the public, having regard to the nature of the work
Rental The transfer of the possession of the original or a copy of a work or a sound
recording for a limited period of time, for a profit-making purposes
Reproduction The making of one or more copies of a work or a sound recording in any
manner or form
Work of applied An artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated in a useful article,
art whether made by hand or produced on an industrial scale
Work of the A work created by an officer or employee of the Philippine Government or any
Government of the of its subdivisions and instrumentalities including government-owned or
Philippines controlled corporations as a part of his regularly prescribed official duties
Under Philippine copyright, both original works and derivative works are protected. Works “by sole fact of their
creation, irrespective of their mode or form of expression, as well as of their content, quality and purpose are also
protected

Copyright 1) Original Works

Protected Works  Books, pamphlets, articles, and other writings
 Periodicals and newspapers
 Lectures, sermons, addresses, dissertations prepared for oral delivery,
whether or not reduced in writing or other material form
 Letters
 Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions; choreographic works or
entertainment in dumb shows
 Musical compositions, with or without words
 Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving, lithography
or other works of art; models or designs for works of art
 Original ornamental designs or models for articles of manufacture,
whether or not registrable as an industrial design, and other works of applied art
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 Illustriations, maps, plans, sketches, charts and three dimensional works
relative to geography topography, architecture or science
 Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character
 Photographic works including works produced by a process analogous to
photography; lantern slides
 Audiovisual works and cinematographic works and works produced by a
process analogous to cinematography or any process for making audio-visual
recordings;
 Computer programs
 Other literary, scholarly, scientific and artistic works
2) Derivative works
 Dramatizations, translations, adaptations, abridgments, arrangements, and
other alterations of literary or artistic works
 Collections of literary, scholarly or artistic works, and compilations of data
and other materials which are original by reason of the selection or coordination
or arrangement of their contents.

Works not 1) Unprotected Subject Matter

Protected  Any idea, procedure, system, method or operation, concept, principle,
discovery or mere data as such, even if they are expressed, explained,
illustrated or embodied in a work.
 News of the day and other miscellaneous facts having the character of
mere items of press information
 Any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, as well as
any official translation
2) Works of the Government
 Any purpose of statutes, rules and regulations, and speeches, lectures,
sermons, addresses, and dissertations, pronounced, read or rendered in
courts of justice, before administrative agencies, in deliberative assemblies
and in meetings of public character.

3. The Use of Fair Use

Also known as fair dealing clause, fair use is referred to the specification of IP law of Philippines on certain
limitations or exceptions to copyright including a provision. When you wish to copy an entire work or portions of it even
with the copyright holder failing to give his or her permission, fare use may be invoked in certain occasions. If copyright
holders have complete control of their works, information may be constrained from ever reaching a wider audience. The
works covered by fair use when it is: a criticism or a commentary; a parody; a news report; an artistic expression or
artifact; scholarly and research works; a product of a time-shifting device such as a TV program recorder; or an
information found through Web search engines. Then it becomes available for unlimited use by the public provided that:
its use is based on a factual and historical event; it is only a small portion of the work and the purpose is a commentary; its
use is transformative; it is used solely for the purpose of scholarly analysis; and it is not infringing and does not hurt the
market value of copyrighted material.
4. Legal Sharing Using Creative Commons
Creative Commons (a nonprofit licensing organization) can enable the legal and use of works. CC licenses enable
copyright holders to easily change terms of copyright “from the default of all rights reserved to some rights reserved.” A
CC license can “give people the right to share, use, and even build upon a [created] work” (e.g. automatic permission for
noncommercial use of a work) as well as protect users against threat of copyright infringement with the conditions
specified by the owner or holder of the copyright. Creative Commons has opened opportunities for universal access
through “a free, public, and standardized infrastructure” of sharing content and information within the bounds of free flow
of information and protection of copyright.
5. Flame Wars
Information is a valuable intellectual commodity, thus, you are expected to consume information as responsibly as
you maintain appropriate behavior in the production, consumption, and sharing of information. Known among Internet
users (or netizens) is the term flamer defined as someone who knowingly attacks other netizens, or expresses in
aggressively manner his opinion on controversial issues.
6. Responsible Netizenship
Becoming a flame warrior can be an indicator of one’s failure to be a responsible netizen. Like any other social
activity, an online discussion group typically requires its members or participants to abide by the rules of acceptable
behavior. Flame warriors are not necessarily conscious violating these rules but instead they might, in certain occasions,
only be too emotional or opinionated in expressing their thoughts. They may often fail to display good netiquette—refers
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to observing proper etiquette as you engage in activities over the Internet. It is contrary to what Flame Warriors to display.
Online discussion members who adhere to rules of netiquette have high respect for the views and opinions of other
members and have high regard for courtesy.
7. Core Rules for Netiquette
1. Avoid attacking the personhood of another online user.
2. Do not post multiple versions of the same message. Spamming is disrespectful of other’s space and
bandwidth.
3. Observe clear language when expressing your thoughts to avoid misinterpretation that may lead to
misunderstanding.
4. Think before you click. Information over the Internet move so fast that you barely have control those
you posted by mistake. Posts are public and may be kept even when you have deleted them.
5. Do not veer (turn) away from the topic especially in forums that talk about certain topics. Being off-
topic is not just annoying but also impolite, intrusive, and disruptive.
6. Use common sense. Do not ask something you are capable of doing by yourself. When asking for help
with other online users, it is common courtesy to provide as much details as you can to spare them the trouble of
providing for information you already know.
7. If it is not your own idea, cite the source. Respect intellectual property.
8. Follow rules and policies as imposed by moderators in forums or discussion boards.
8. Cyberbullying
You are familiar to a situation like unwanted, offensive, and perhaps violent response from other people. In the
case of the Internet, cyberbullying has been one of the worst kinds of flaming activities because even innocent people are
victimized by this. Cyberbullying is a type of offensive action toward another which takes place using electronic
technology. This is a phenomenon that can trigger traumatic experience and can be worse than physical bullying since it
can happen anytime of the day. Cyberbullies anonymously post hateful and mean messages and images and can reach
other people very quickly. Often, the sources of these images and messages are difficult to trace and even when some of
the content are erased, there are still remnants left behind because of the very nature of the Internet. Excluding people
from online conversations in bad faith, invading their privacy, or mocking them through offensive Web sites are other
instances of cyberbullying.
9. Internet Addiction
The internet has introduced a whole new experience to human civilization. But excessive use of online media can
interfere with certain mechanisms that keep flame wars and cyberbullying at bay. Internet addiction is otherwise known as
computer addiction, online addiction, or Internet addiction disorder (IAD) and an impulse-control problem.” It can take
the form of any of the following
1. Cybersex addiction
2. Cyber-relationship addiction
3. Net compulsion
4. Information overload
5. Computer addiction
Some Signs and symptoms of Internet addiction may be the following:
1. Being less conscious of the time sent online or with gadgets that enable Internet access
2. Failing to complete tasks or activities intended to be finished at the time you were using the Internet
3. Having less time with friends and family
4. Lack of remorse for your excessive Internet use.
5. Feeling more excited with Internet activities rather than physical activities
10. Stealing or Barrowing?
Ideas do not emanate merely from your own personal knowledge or experience. More often or not, you need to
consult other sources. But when you do so, you probably sometimes find yourself in a dilemma of how to utilize the
information you have collected. Some may opt to literally copy the information and pass it off as their own, or some will
extend all effort to cite their sources. When the first situation happens, the person committed a grave sin in scholarship
which is called plagiarism. It is “taking over the ideas, methods, or written work of the deceiver.” It is when you use
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others’ ideas or words without informing your readers/audience of the origin of the information. It is often committed
largely because of not knowing what it is and of failing to respect other people’s right over their work.
B. Learning Competency with Code
1. Cite practical situation when to apply intellectual property, copy right, and fair use guidelines (MIL11/12LESI-
IIIg-17)
2. Create a campaign ads to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying
(MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-19)
C. Objectives/Learning Targets
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
1. Understand what intellectual property copy right, and fair use of guidelines is.
2. Value of promoting ethical use of media and information
3. Put into practice the understanding of intellectual property, copyright and fair use of guidelines
4. Put into action their personal resolve to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying
D. Detailed Directions/Instructions
Read and follow the instructions of the activity
E. Exercise/Activity
Activity 1: Symposium
F. Rubrics for Scoring (https://graddiv.ucsc.edu/events/symposium/judging-rubric.html)
Oral Enthusiasm Accessibility Visuals Articulation Score
Communication of Language of Research
Revelance
and
Importance
Expert Oral presentation Student explained their Student used Visuals were Student clearly
(10pts) had clear research with little or no professional and articulated
organization, and enthusiasm; their jargon and memorable importance by
each part was interest was palpable defined terms referring to a
effectively and and infectious; their without specific theory
concisely delivered speech was prodding or problem
appropriately confident
throughout the
presentation
Proficient Oral presentation Student explained their Student used Visuals were of Student
(8pts) had clear research or topic with jargon good quality and articulated
organization, was enthusiasm; their frequently and helped tell the story importance in
easy to follow, and speech was engaging defined terms of the research a general sense
included relevant and confident for the without
information most part. prodding
Almost Oral presentation Student showed general Student used Visuals were of Student
Proficient had some interest in their research jargon without uneven quality; seemed unsure
(6pts) organization but was or topic; often used explanation, some parts were about the
somewhat difficult tentative or hedging but when good and others not importance of
to follow (e.g., too expressions asked could their research
detailed, too define terms
general, missing
important sections)
Developing Oral presentation Student showed interest Student used Visuals were Student did not
(4pts-1pt) was disorganized or in their research or jargon confusing, attempt to
unclear topic; overused throughout unprofessional, articulate
tentative or hedging and/or could and/or not clearly importance
expressions not explain relevant
terms when
asked
Total 50 points

G. Values Integration
Discipline and Justice
H. References for Learners
Liquigan, Boots. DIWA Senior High School Series: Media and Information Literacy. Makati City: DIWA
Learning Systems, Inc., 2016.
I. Answer Key
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Activity 1: Symposium (50 pts)

Instruction: You are to conduct a 30 minute symposium about intellectual property, copyright and fair use of guidelines
combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying based on our discussion.

 Also emphasize the importance of promoting ethical use of media and information. You can refer other
information sources like the internet, books, newspaper, etc. However, be mindful of intellectual property by
acknowledging your references during the symposium. For example, the reference of our topic is:
Liquigan, Boots. DIWA Senior High School Series: Media and Information Literacy. Makati City: DIWA
Learning Systems, Inc., 2016.
 Do it in your home with your family members (but you can invite your immediate neighbors with the appropriate
physical distancing and they should wear face mask in a place conducive for the event)
 For the sake of rating your performance, do it with a video recording and place the file in a flash drive. Submit it
on the next meeting. You can also submit it via e-mail on or before the next meeting:
joerellestillore05@gmail.com