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Republic of Somaliland
Somaliland National Examination and Certification Board
Form Four
GEOGRAPHY

June 2021
TIME: 2 HOURS
ANSWERS
Plus 10 minutes for reading through the paper
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

This paper consists of 10 printed pages with the cover page.

Count them now. Inform the invigilator if there are any missing or extra pages.
This exam consists two parts:

PART ONE: Multiple Choice Question (40 marks)

PART TWO: Structured Questions (60 marks)

TOTAL (100 marks)

Answer ALL questions
No extra papers is allowed
Use this page for rough work. It will NOT be marked.
Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

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2 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

PART ONE: Multiple Choice (40 Marks)

1. The imaginary lines that run through East west of Globe are called
a. Latitudes
b. Longitude
c. Meridians
d. Equator
2. The professional person who deals with study of the universe is called
a. Astronomy
b. Astronomer
c. Astrology
d. Metrology
3. An ecosystem consists all of the following except
a. Biological community
b. Physical community
c. Mechanical factor ( form two biosphere)
d. Chemical factor

4. The Somaliland physical region that lies South of the Ogo and West of Sool is
called
a. Nugaal
b. Guban
c. Ogo
d. Hawd

5. Conditions that are necessary for fish breeding includes

a. Shallow water rich in plankton
b. Hot ocean current
c. Rich mineral salt water
d. Top frozen water
6. The following are the basically type of soil except
a. Clay soil
b. Sandy soil
c. Silt soil
d. Black soil

7. All of the following are the aspects of rain fall in Agriculture except
a. Rainfall reliability
b. Rainfall distribution
c. Amount of rainfall
d. Amount of Dew
3 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

8. Microorganisms which transmit diseases is called

a. Parasite
b. Pre daters
c. Pathogen
d. Decomposers

9. The growing of two or more crops in same piece of Land is called

a. Mon crop
b. Inter crop
c. Horticulture
d. Prenial crop

10. Which of the following countries is the largest exporter of rice

a. Thailand
b. India Fiiro gaar ah su aashan waxa lagu saxayey A/B
c. Pakistan
d. China

11. Which of the following coal type has the largest carbon content
a. Bitimonos
b. Lignite
c. Peat
d. Authracite
12. Situations where the demand is higher than the amount supplied results
a. Energy demand
b. Energy resources
c. Energy crises
d. All of the above

13. Which of the following transport type is used to carry the light valuable items.
a. Land transport
b. Air transport
c. Sea transport
d. Pipe transport

14. All the following is the advantage of pipe transport except

a. No delay of time
b. Convenient amount
c. Convenient cost
d. No pollution
4 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

15. The rule by a king or Queen is known as

a. Monarchy
b. Aristocracy
c. Democracy
d. Dictatorship

16. The structure of Somaliland government is

a. President , capinent , legislative
b. executive, legislative , judiciary
c. President, executive and judiciary
d. Legislative, executive, capinent

17. The ratio of man to land is called

a. Distribution
b. Diffusion
c. Density
d. None of the above

18. The difference between birth and death is described as

a. Population growth
b. Population fertility
c. Population mortality
d. Natural increase

19. In order to be called a mineral substances must satisfy the following conditions
except
a. Weathering
b. Crystalline solid
c. In organic
d. Natural occurrence

20. Horizontally or gently inclined that are dug in the hill side is called
a. Shafting method
b. Drift or Adit method
c. Open Casting
d. Shallow digging

5 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
 Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

PART TWO: Structured Questions (60 Marks)

1. A) Analyze the structure of the Earth? (3 marks)

The crust, also known as the lithosphere, is the outer most layer of the earth
The mantle also known as the Asthenosphere. It lies between the crust and
core.
The Core - Interior layer of the earth which is subjected to great heat and
pressure

B) Identify types of rock? (3 marks)

Igneous rocks these are formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten magma
from the interior of the earth.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the process of sedimentation. This is the process whereby
sediments or small particles of broken rocks are deposited by water, wind or moving ice.
Metamorphic rocks these are rocks which have been subjected to great heat and pressure.
Hence they have been changed in both appearance and character.

2. A) There are a number of essential properties of maps. List any two of them
(2marks)
Title: this is used to tell what the map is about.
Key: used to identify and interpret the signs and symbols used on that map

B) The Geographic location of maps can be shown in a number of ways list any (2 marks)
Two of them
Geographic name- place names of the surrounding.
Using direction and distance from reference points
Using geographical coordinate system (latitude and longitude).

C) Why scales are used in map? (2 marks)

Helps map interpreter to calculate distance and area.
Helps contractors and engineers to design appropriate plans.

3. A) differential between climate and weather (2 marks)

Weather is the atmospheric conditions of a place over a short period of time, the scientific
study of weather is called metrology
Climate is the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time, the study
of climate is called climatology
6 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
 Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

B) Explain climate that have permanent forest through whole the year (2 marks)
Equatorial climate because: It receives heavy rain fall which is conventional
type of rain and High humidity all the year

C) What is the difference between land and Sea breeze? (2 marks)

The movement of cool air form the land to the sea during the night time is called land
breeze. The movement of cool air from the sea to the land during day time is known as
Sea
4. A) Evaluate the processing of tea (2 marks)
Tea may be processed into two forms— green tea and black tea.
If black tea is required, the leaves are allowed to ‘ferment’ to reduce the tannic
acid content.
• If green tea is required, the fermentation stage is omitted.
B) Harvesting of tea: The young leaves at the tips of branches are the first to be
picked (2 marks)

C) Where Coffee is originated (2 marks)

Coffee is native to tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Comoros, Mauritius and the
Reunion in the Indian Ocean.

Su aalahaa aan qodobeeyay waa la sii yara sharxayaa

5. Explain

A) Mixed farming (2 marks)

It is the growing of crops and rearing of livestock in the same farm

B) Intensive farming Uses a small-sized farm with a high input to produce a high yield
Per unit area. (2 marks)

C) Extensive farming Extensive farming: uses small amount of input and relatively large
areas of land from which lower yields are obtained per unit area(2 marks)

6. A) Explain any two advantages of Solar Energy (2 marks)

Cheap- absolutely free.
Easily available in all parts of the world.
B) .Any two disadvantage of Solar Energy
Has limited use.
Solar panels are expensive. (2 marks)
7 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
 Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

C) Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable energy (2 marks)

Renewable: those sources that can be regenerated and used over a long period of
time. Non-renewable: are exhaustible if they are not well managed.

7. A) Compare and contrast between road and rail transport (3 marks)

Road transport this is the most widespread means of land transport. It means of
transportation of people and goods by motor vehicle on roads Rail way
transport is the way of Transporting people and goods using trains.
B) Air and Water transport (3 marks)
Water transport this is the all movement of goods and people over waterways
Air transport is the movement of goods and people using aircraft like aero planes

8. Explain the duties and responsibilities of

A) President (2 marks)
 Appointing and removal of cabinet ministers.
 Appointing the public protector auditors.
 Calling special sitting of the houses of parliament
 Calling national referendum
B) Cabinet
 Expound government policy
 Assist and advice the president of the day to day running of the government
 provide parliament with full and regular reports (2 marks)

C) Judiciary : The judiciary shall have the power to interpret in accordance with
the constitution Law passed by constitution bodies.
Adjust on the dispute between government bodies and between public and
Between members of public.
(2 marks)
9. A) Explain any three factors that influence population distribution. (3 marks)
Economic factors: Economic development results from activities such as exploitation of
natural resources attracts a large population of job seekers and service providers
Political factors Political unrest in many parts of the world has caused migration from certain
areas. Historical factors in the 18th century, many part of East, west and central Africa were
affected by slave trade. Strong young man and women were captured and sold as slaves to go
work on the farms in America

B) Explain any three factors influence population growth (3 marks)

Fertility is the ability to produce
Mortality is the number of deaths within a given population.
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another resulting in a
Change of residence.

8 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)
 Somaliland National Examination Certificate of Secondary Education and
Certification Board Geography Examination, 2021

10. A) Explain any three factors that are necessary for the formation of petroleum?
(3 marks)
Presence of organic remains
Presence of sedimentary rock of burying organic remains.
Presence of pressure to compress organic remains.
Presence of a porous reservoir rock to store and transmit petroleum to the oil

Su aalahaa aan qodobeeyay waa la sii yara sharxayaa

B) Explain any three factors that affect exploitation of minerals. (3 marks)

Value of the mineral
. Size of the mineral deposit
The quality of the ore

Su aalahaa aan qodobeeyay waa la sii yara sharxayaa

END

9 ©SLNECB 2021
MUSTAFE (AGRO) AND MOHAMED (TAHARO)