Mix 2 Explaination

2. B. In that "In that" is used to introduce an explanation or reason for something.
"For" can indicate a reason or cause, but it doesn't fit well in this sentence.
With" is used to indicate association or accompaniment, but it doesn't convey the cause-effect relationship that
the sentence intends to express.
Due to" is used to indicate the cause of something, making it a possible option.
3. A. reserved "Reserved" refers to someone who is quiet, shy, or not prone to speaking much.
However, "loquacious" is the opposite of reserved. It means talkative or chatty. So, "A. reserved" is not
the correct choice.
B. verbose "Verbose" means using more words than necessary or being overly wordy in speech or
writing. This choice is correct because "loquacious" also refers to someone who talks a lot and is
overly talkative.
C. reticent "Reticent" describes someone who is reserved or hesitant to communicate and reveal their
thoughts or feelings. This is the opposite of "loquacious." So, "C. reticent" is not the correct choice.
D. spiritless "Spiritless" means lacking energy, enthusiasm, or liveliness. It doesn't relate to the concept
of being talkative or chatty, which is what "loquacious" means. So, "D. spiritless" is not the correct
choice.
5. A. report A report is a document that provides information about a specific topic, often in a formal
and structured manner. The sentence "A man is known by the company he keeps" is not a report. It's
a concise statement conveying a piece of wisdom.
B. rule A rule is a guiding principle or regulation that outlines how something should be done or how
a situation should be handled. While the sentence provides a general guideline for judging a person
based on their associates, it's not a specific rule like a policy or law.
C. poem A poem is a piece of writing that uses figurative language, rhythm, and imagery to convey
emotions or ideas. The sentence is not a poem; it lacks the structural elements and artistic devices
typically found in poems.
D. proverb A proverb is a short, well-known saying that imparts practical wisdom or advice. It's often
based on cultural or traditional truths. The sentence "A man is known by the company he keeps" is
indeed a proverb, as it offers a piece of wisdom about how people can be judged based on their
associations.
6. Human Rights Education (HRE) in the Philippines refers to the efforts and initiatives aimed at raising
awareness, promoting understanding, and encouraging respect for human rights principles and values
among individuals, communities, and institutions within the country. HRE is essential for fostering a
culture of human rights, social justice, and accountability.
In the Philippines, Human Rights Education encompasses various aspects:
1. Formal Education: Human rights concepts are integrated into the formal education system. This
includes incorporating human rights topics into school curricula at different levels, from primary to
tertiary education.
2. Non-Formal Education: Human Rights Education is also conducted through workshops, seminars,
training programs, and community-based initiatives. These activities are often organized by
government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), human rights institutions, and civil
society groups.
3. Advocacy and Awareness: Various organizations and institutions advocate for human rights through
campaigns, media, and public events. They aim to raise awareness and promote understanding of
human rights issues, challenges, and responsibilities.
4. Training for Law Enforcement and Officials: Human rights training is often provided to law
enforcement personnel, government officials, and civil servants to ensure that they are aware of and
respect human rights standards in their duties.
5. Curriculum Development: Efforts are made to integrate human rights topics into teacher training
programs and educational materials to enable educators to effectively teach human rights principles.
6. Promotion of Tolerance and Respect: HRE in the Philippines also focuses on promoting tolerance,
respect for diversity, and understanding among different cultural and social groups within the
country.
7. Promotion of Human Dignity: HRE emphasizes the inherent dignity of all individuals and strives to
eliminate discrimination, violence, and other forms of human rights violations.
Basic human rights in the Philippines are protected by various laws and international agreements.
These rights are fundamental entitlements that every individual should enjoy without discrimination.
Some of the basic human rights recognized in the Philippines include:
1. Right to Life: Every individual has the right to life and security of person, meaning protection from
arbitrary deprivation of life and from threats to one's safety.
2. Right to Liberty and Security: People have the right to freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention, and
imprisonment. This includes the right to due process of law and the presumption of innocence until
proven guilty.
3. Right to Equality: All individuals are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of the
law without discrimination based on race, gender, religion, social status, and other factors.
4. Right to Privacy: Individuals have the right to privacy of communication, residence, and personal
information. This includes protection against unlawful surveillance and intrusion into one's private life.
5. Freedom of Expression: People have the right to express their opinions, thoughts, and ideas freely
through speech, the press, and other forms of communication.
6. Freedom of Religion: Every person has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.
This includes the right to practice any religion or belief without interference.
7. Right to Education: Education is a basic right for all individuals. The government is tasked with
providing accessible and quality education.
8. Right to Health: Every person has the right to access adequate healthcare services and facilities.
9. Right to Work: Individuals have the right to work in just and favorable conditions, including fair
wages and the right to form and join trade unions.
10. Right to Housing: People have the right to live in safe, adequate, and affordable housing.
11. Right to Political Participation: Citizens have the right to participate in government and public
affairs, including the right to vote and run for public office.
12. Right to Social Services: This includes access to social services such as social security, assistance to
the elderly, and support for vulnerable populations.
7.
13. A. primaries "Primaries" generally refer to the individual cooperatives that are part of a larger
cooperative structure. In this context, the term "primaries" suggests that the members of the
federation of cooperatives are the individual cooperative entities that have joined together to
form the federation.
14. B. secondaries "Secondaries" are typically the cooperative organizations that are formed at a
higher level to provide support and coordination for the individual cooperatives. They can also
refer to cooperative unions or federations that represent the interests of the member
cooperatives. However, in this specific context, the term "secondaries" might not directly
describe the members of the federation.
15. C. natural persons "Natural persons" refers to individuals as opposed to legal entities like
organizations or corporations. While this term might accurately describe the individual
members of the cooperatives, it doesn't directly address the question about the members of
the federation of cooperatives.
16. D. primary and secondary cooperatives This option seems to be the most comprehensive and
appropriate choice. The members of the federation of cooperatives could include both the
individual primary cooperatives (those directly serving members) and the secondary
cooperatives (those formed to provide support and coordination among primary cooperatives).
8. A. over "Fill over" is not a common or correct phrase in this context. It doesn't fit grammatically or
idiomatically.
B. in "Fill in" is the correct choice here. It means to complete the required information within the
blanks or spaces on a form.
C. on "Fill on" is not the correct phrase to use in this context. It doesn't convey the action of
completing a form accurately.
D. with "Fill with" is not the appropriate phrase in this context. It doesn't convey the idea of
completing a form by providing information in the designated areas.
1. fill in: This phrase implies adding information to the blanks or spaces provided on a form or
document. It is commonly used in British English.
Example: "Please fill in your name, address, and contact details."
2. Fill out: This phrase also means to complete a form or document by providing necessary information.
It's often used in American English.
Example: "Make sure to fill out all the required fields on the application."
9.
D. xylem in the stem
Explanation:
The vascular tissue responsible for transporting water in plants is called xylem. Xylem vessels extend
from the roots, where water and minerals are absorbed from the soil, to the leaves, where water is
used in processes like photosynthesis and transpiration. Therefore, the vascular tissue that transports
water in leaves directly connects to the xylem in the stem.
Let's briefly explain the other options:
A. meristems in the root tip Meristems are regions of active cell division and growth in plants. They
are found at the tips of roots and shoots. While meristems are important for plant growth, they are
not directly involved in the transport of water in leaves.
B. pistils in the flower Pistils are the female reproductive structures of a flower. They contain the ovary,
style, and stigma. They are not directly related to the transportation of water in leaves.
C. root hairs in the epidermis Root hairs are extensions of root epidermal cells that increase the
surface area for water and nutrient absorption from the soil. While they play a role in water uptake by
roots, they are not directly connected to the vascular tissue that transports water in leaves.
13. Abakada" refers to the first 20 letters of the modern Filipino alphabet. It was developed in the
early 20th century and is not the earliest form of writing in the Philippines.
B. Roman alphabet The Roman alphabet, also known as the Latin alphabet, was introduced by the
Spanish during their colonization of the Philippines. It is the alphabet widely used in the Philippines
today.
D. Balitaw "Balitaw" is a traditional Filipino song and dance form. It is not a form of writing and is not
related to the earliest writing systems
"Alibata" is often used to refer to the traditional writing system of the Philippines before the arrival of
the Spanish. However, it's important to note that the term "Alibata" is a misnomer. The correct term
for the traditional script is "Baybayin."
Baybayin is an ancient script used by various ethnic groups in the Philippines for writing before the
Spanish colonization. It consists of characters representing syllabic sounds.
14. C. Mars and Jupiter
Explanation:
Asteroids are small rocky bodies that orbit the Sun. Most asteroids are located in the region between
the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, which is known as the asteroid belt. This region is characterized by a
high concentration of asteroids, and it is located within the Solar System between the planets Mars
and Jupiter.
Here's an explanation for the other options:
A. Venus and Earth This region is closer to the Sun than the asteroid belt, so it's not where most
asteroids are found.
B. Earth and Mars This region is closer to the Sun than the asteroid belt, and while there are some
asteroids that cross Earth's orbit, the majority of asteroids are concentrated in the asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter.
D. Jupiter and Saturn This region is beyond the asteroid belt and is part of the outer Solar System.
While there are asteroids in this region as well, the highest concentration of asteroids is indeed found
between Mars and Jupiter.
15.
A. barograph A barograph is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure changes over time,
not earthquake intensity.
B. thermograph A thermograph is an instrument used to measure and record changes in temperature

over time, not earthquake intensity.
D. hygrograph A hygrograph is an instrument used to measure and record changes in humidity levels
over time, not earthquake intensity.
A seismograph is the instrument used to measure the intensity of earthquakes. It detects and records the
vibrations and ground motions caused by seismic waves generated during an earthquake.
16. When listing multiple items in a sentence, it's important to use commas to separate each item and ensure
clarity and proper punctuation. Commas help distinguish between the individual items being listed. In this case,
the correct choice is "hammers, wrenches, and screwdrivers" because it uses commas appropriately to separate
the different tools.
17. "Ignominious" is an adjective that means causing public disgrace or shame, characterized by
humiliation or loss of reputation. In the context of the sentence, it indicates that the army's retreat
was marked by shame or disgrace.
A. reputable "Reputable" refers to something that is respected and held in high regard. It is the
opposite of "ignominious" and does not fit the context of the sentence.
B. honorable "Honorable" refers to something that is morally upright and characterized by integrity. It
is also the opposite of "ignominious" and is not the correct choice in this context.
D. mysterious "Mysterious" refers to something that is puzzling or not easily understood. It is

unrelated to the concept of disgrace or shame and is not the correct choice in this context.
18 C. metapora
Paliwanag:
Ang metapora ay isang tayutay na ginagamit upang ituro ang pagkakatulad ng dalawang bagay na
hindi literal na magkapareho. Sa kaso ng kawikaang ito, ang tao ("ikaw") ay tinuturing na "payong ng
aking buhay," na ang ibig sabihin ay ang tao ay nagbibigay ng proteksyon at kapanatagan. Sa
ganitong paraan, ang tao ay inilalarawan bilang isang payong na nagbibigay proteksyon at silungan.
Narito ang mga paliwanag para sa iba pang mga opsyon:
A. simile Ang simile ay isang tayutay na gumagamit ng mga salitang "tulad" o "parang" upang ipakita
ang pagkakatulad ng dalawang bagay. Ang kawikaan ay hindi gumagamit ng mga ganitong salita.
B. personipikasyon Ang personipikasyon ay isang tayutay na nagbibigay ng katangian ng tao sa mga

bagay na hindi tao. Ang kawikaan ay hindi nagbibigay ng katangian ng tao sa mga bagay.
D. paglilipat-wika Ang paglilipat-wika ay isang tayutay na naglilipat ng kahulugan mula sa isang

bagay patungo sa isa pang bagay. Ang kawikaan ay hindi naglilipat-wika sa konteksto ng mga bagay.
Metonymy
20 A. declared an open house "Declared an open house" usually refers to an event where a place is
open for visitors or potential customers to tour and learn more about the facilities or services. It
doesn't match the context of the bank being swarmed by depositors.
B. declared dividends "Declared dividends" pertains to a company's decision to distribute profits to its
shareholders. While it's related to financial matters, it doesn't fit the context of depositors rushing to
the bank.
C. declared a holiday "Declared a holiday" means that the bank would be closed for business due to a
designated holiday. It doesn't align with the situation of the bank being swarmed with depositors.
D. declared bankruptcy "Declared bankruptcy" refers to a financial state where a person or an

organization is unable to repay their debts and seeks legal protection from creditors. In the context of
the sentence, where the bank is swarmed by depositors, "declared bankruptcy" is the most
appropriate option as it suggests a financial crisis that has prompted the depositors to rush to the
bank.
21. B. emulating
Explanation:
The Rizal Day celebration is a commemoration of the life and heroism of Dr. Jose Rizal, a national hero
of the Philippines. The phrase "heroes worth emulating" suggests that the celebration serves as a
reminder of role models and individuals who are worthy of admiration and imitation.
A. appreciating While appreciating heroes is certainly a part of the sentiment behind Rizal Day, the
word "emulating" more specifically captures the idea of following in the footsteps of heroes and
adopting their values.
C. reading about "Reading about" heroes is an important aspect of learning from history, but it
doesn't encompass the full sense of actively taking inspiration from heroes' actions.
D. studying "Studying" heroes is crucial for understanding their contributions and impact on society,
but again, it doesn't encapsulate the idea of learning from them and aspiring to be like them.
22. C. cell
Explanation:
A cell is the smallest unit of life and the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Cells are the building blocks of life and perform essential functions necessary for the survival and
functioning of organisms.
A. embryo An embryo is a developmental stage of a multicellular organism after fertilization and

before it becomes a fetus. It consists of many cells, and while it is a significant stage of development,
it's not the smallest unit of life.
B. organelle An organelle is a specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
Organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, are essential for cellular processes,
but they are not considered the smallest unit of life.
D. atom An atom is the basic unit of matter, composed of a nucleus (containing protons and
neutrons) and electrons. Atoms are not living entities and do not exhibit the characteristics of life,
making them distinct from the smallest unit of life, which is the cell.
23. A. your
Explanation:
The complete and grammatically correct sentence is: "Excuse me, can I borrow your dictionary?"

B. yours "Yours" is a possessive pronoun, but it is not used directly before a noun. It is used to replace
a noun and show possession. For example, you could say, "Is this dictionary yours?" But in this
sentence, "your" is the correct choice.
C. you "You" is a pronoun used to refer to the person being addressed. It's not appropriate in this
context where you're asking to borrow something.
D. a While "a" is an article used before a noun, it is not the correct choice in this context. The sentence
requires a possessive form to indicate that you want to borrow a specific dictionary belonging to the
person you're addressing.
1. Your: "Your" is a possessive adjective. It is used to show that something belongs to or is associated
with the person or group you are addressing.
Example: "Is this your book?" (Here, "your" describes the book that belongs to the person being
spoken to.)
2. Yours: "Yours" is a possessive pronoun. It is used to replace a noun and show possession. It's often
used when avoiding repetition or when the noun being possessed is understood from context.
24 A. nang
Explanation:
The complete and grammatically correct sentence is: "Nag-aaral ako nang mabuti upang makakuha
ako ng iskolarship."
In this context, "nang" is used as an adverb that indicates the manner or extent of the action. It's used
to describe how someone is studying, which is "well" or "thoroughly" in this case.
B. ng "Ng" is a particle used to indicate the direct object of a verb. In this sentence, "ng" is used
correctly to indicate the direct object of "makakuha" (to get), which is "iskolarship" (scholarship).
C. mas "Mas" means "more" in English and is not appropriate in this context. It doesn't fit the
structure of the sentence, which is about studying well in order to get a scholarship.
D. lalong "Lalong" means "more" or "further" in English. Similar to "mas," it's not suitable in this
context. It doesn't convey the idea of studying well for a scholarship.
25. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. If two air masses have the same
humidity, it means they contain the same amount of water vapor per unit volume of air. This doesn't
necessarily mean that they have the same temperature, but it does imply that they are likely to have
similar temperatures.
B. They have the same volume Humidity doesn't provide information about the volume of air masses.
The humidity of air is measured in terms of the water vapor content compared to the total volume of
air, but it doesn't determine the volume of the air masses themselves.
C. Both have rain clouds Humidity alone doesn't determine the presence of rain clouds. Rain clouds
form due to a combination of factors including humidity, temperature, and atmospheric instability.
Having the same humidity doesn't guarantee that both air masses will have rain clouds.
D. none of the above This is not the correct answer because option A, "They have the same
temperature," can be inferred when two air masses have the same humidity. While the other options
are not necessarily true based solely on the information provided, option A is a reasonable inference.
 27. Mean (Average): The mean is calculated by adding up all the values and then dividing by the
number of values. However, for size data, such as t-shirt sizes, if there are a few extremely large or
extremely small values, they can significantly affect the mean. For example, if there's an outlier with an
unusually large size, the mean might be skewed upwards, which may not accurately represent the
typical t-shirt size for teenagers.
 Mode: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in the dataset. While it can be useful for
identifying the most common t-shirt size, it might not give a complete picture of the range of sizes
that teenagers commonly use.
 Median: The median is the middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in order. It is not
influenced by extreme values in the same way the mean is. The median is a robust measure of central
tendency that provides a better representation of the typical t-shirt size that most teenagers use. It's
not affected by outliers or extreme values.
29. C. cope
Explanation:
The complete and grammatically correct sentence is: "Wise people can cope with frustrations."
The word "cope" means to deal effectively with difficult situations or challenges. It is used without any
prepositions.
30.
B. modem
Explanation:
A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables computers to communicate

with each other over telephone lines or other communication channels. It converts digital data from a
computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines, and it also converts
incoming analog signals back into digital data that the computer can understand.
A. network A network is a collection of computers and devices that are connected together to share
resources and communicate. While a network is involved in computer communication, a modem
specifically handles the connection to other computers over telephone lines.
C. internet The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that allows
information to be shared worldwide. While modems are used to access the internet, the internet itself
is a much larger concept encompassing various services and resources.
D. hypermedia Hypermedia refers to a type of multimedia that includes text, images, videos, and links
that allow users to navigate between different types of content. It is not directly related to the
communication between computers over telephone lines.
31. using "was" might suggest that the information was true in the past but may not be accurate anymore.
Using the present tense in option C ("is") is more appropriate for expressing a general fact.
32. A. land distribution
Explanation:
The sentence "Basically, the Philippine agrarian reform is a question of land distribution" suggests that
the primary focus and concern of the Philippine agrarian reform is centered around the equitable
distribution of land to landless farmers and agricultural workers.
B. nepotism and corruption "Nepotism and corruption" are unrelated to the concept of agrarian
reform. They refer to issues of favoritism based on family relationships and dishonest practices,
respectively. While corruption can certainly affect various aspects of governance, it is not the main
question addressed by agrarian reform.
C. graft and corruption Similarly, "graft and corruption" refer to dishonest or unethical conduct in
public office, especially involving financial gain. While these issues might be present in any system,
they are not the central focus of agrarian reform.
D. environmental degradation "Environmental degradation" refers to the deterioration of the

environment due to various factors, such as pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable land use
practices. While environmental concerns can be relevant in the context of agriculture and land use,
they are not the main question addressed by agrarian reform.
33. The complete and grammatically correct sentence is: "I really object to people smoking in rooms
where other people have to eat."
In this context, the verb "object" is followed by the preposition "to," and the gerund form "smoking" is
used to indicate the action that is being objected to.
A. people smoking This option lacks the appropriate structure to match the verb "object." The correct
structure requires the use of the gerund form "smoking" after "object to."
B. to people smoke This option uses the incorrect verb tense. The correct structure after "object to"
should use the gerund form "smoking" instead of the base form "smoke."
C. people to smoke This option lacks the appropriate structure. The correct structure requires the use
of the gerund form "smoking" after "object to."
34. A. June 19, 1861
Explanation:
Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was born on June 19, 1861. This date is widely
recognized as the exact date of his birth.
1. 34: Full Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

2. Date of Birth: June 19, 1861
3. Place of Birth: Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
4. Parents: Francisco Mercado Rizal (father) and Teodora Alonzo Realonda (mother)
5. Education: Rizal studied at Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila University) and
pursued higher education in Spain, including Universidad Central de Madrid.
6. Notable Works: Rizal wrote two novels, "Noli Me Tangere" (1887) and "El Filibusterismo" (1891),
which criticized Spanish colonial abuses in the Philippines. He also wrote essays and poems
advocating for reforms and Filipino identity.
7. Nationalism: Rizal was a prominent advocate of Philippine nationalism and social reforms. He
believed in the power of education to uplift the Filipino people and sought equality under Spanish
rule.
8. Exile: In 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Mindanao, by Spanish authorities due to his writings and
activism.
9. Martyrdom: Rizal was implicated in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. He was arrested,
tried, and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park), Manila.
10. Legacy: Rizal's martyrdom fueled Filipino nationalism and inspired the Philippine Revolution. He is
considered the national hero of the Philippines and his life and works continue to influence Filipino
society, culture, and identity.
11. Rizal Day: Rizal's death anniversary, December 30, is observed as Rizal Day in the Philippines,
commemorating his sacrifice for the country's freedom.
35. C. The grades are very scattered.
Explanation:
In the context of measures of variability, the term "variability" refers to how spread out or dispersed
the data points are from the central tendency (mean, median, etc.). Based on the given scores of 70,
95, 60, 80, and 100, the measures of variability will help provide insight into how spread out these
scores are.
A. The population is very homogeneous. This option is not accurate because if the population were
very homogeneous, it would mean that the scores are very similar and close to each other. However,
the scores provided (ranging from 60 to 100) suggest variability rather than homogeneity.
B. The measures are very unstable. This option is not accurate. Measures of variability describe the
spread of data, and "unstable" wouldn't accurately describe the variability of the data points.
C. The grades are very scattered. This is the correct choice. The term "scattered" accurately describes
the variation in the scores. If the scores are spread out over a wide range, it suggests that the grades
are not clustered closely together.
D. The range of scores is a very reliable measure of variability. While the range does provide a
measure of variability, it's not necessarily the most reliable measure on its own. The range is simply
the difference between the highest and lowest values, which might not fully represent the dispersion
of the middle scores.
36. tayka
Paliwanag:
Ang karaniwang anyo ng pandiwang "hintay" ay "intay." Ito ay isang pangkaraniwang pandiwa na
nangangahulugang maghintay o mag-abang.
Narito ang paliwanag para sa iba pang mga pagpipilian:
A. tay Ang "tay" ay hindi karaniwang anyo ng pandiwang "hintay." Ito ay hindi tama sa porma ng
pandiwa.
C. intay Ang "intay" ay ang tamang karaniwang anyo ng pandiwang "hintay." Ito ay ang tamang
pagsasalin ng pandiwa sa pangungusap.
D. teka Ang "teka" ay hindi kaugnay sa pandiwang "hintay." Ito ay karaniwang ginagamit bilang
ekspresyon ng pag-aantala o pagtigil upang humiling ng pansin.
38. Ang alamat na "Ang Alamat ni Mariang Makiling" ay isang kwentong ibinigay ni Jose Rizal na nagpapakita
ng aral hinggil sa mga masasamang epekto ng pagmamalabis at pagsasamantala sa kalikasan at sa mga likas
na yaman. Ipinapakita nito kung paano nawawala ang biyaya at kabutihan ng kalikasan kapag ito ay
minamalabisan o inaabuso.
39. The "brain" of a computer is the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the primary component
that performs most of the processing inside a computer. It executes instructions from the computer's
memory, performs calculations, manages data flow, and controls the overall functioning of the
computer's hardware and software.
B. peripheral A peripheral refers to any external device connected to a computer, such as a printer,
mouse, keyboard, or monitor. Peripherals are not the "brain" of the computer; they are devices that
interact with the computer to perform specific functions.
C. software Software refers to the programs, applications, and instructions that tell the computer what
tasks to perform. While software is essential for the computer's functionality, it is not the "brain" of
the computer itself.
D. RAM (Random Access Memory) RAM is a type of computer memory that temporarily stores data
that the CPU is currently using. While RAM is crucial for a computer's performance, it is not the "brain"
of the computer. It provides fast access to data for the CPU to process.
41. Fisherfolks often catch more fish during the new moon compared to the full moon because of the absence
of bright moonlight during the new moon phase. This absence of moonlight makes it easier for fishermen to
use artificial light sources, such as lamps on fishing boats, to attract fish. This technique is known as "light
fishing" or "fishing by attraction."
423. Hydroponics is the method of growing plants, including vegetables and low plants, in a nutrient-
rich solution without using soil. Instead of soil, plants are grown in a nutrient-packed aerated solution
that provides all the necessary nutrients for their growth. This method allows for precise control over
the plant's nutrient intake and environmental conditions.
A. vegetative cultivation "Vegetative cultivation" is a general term that refers to various methods of
growing plants, including using seeds, cuttings, or other vegetative parts. It doesn't specifically refer
to growing plants without soil using a nutrient solution.
B. natural farming "Natural farming" involves agricultural practices that work in harmony with natural
ecosystems and minimize the use of external inputs. It doesn't necessarily focus on growing plants
without soil using hydroponic methods.
D. aerial cultivation "Aerial cultivation" is not a commonly used term in the context of plant
cultivation. It doesn't refer to the method of growing plants without soil using a nutrient solution, as
described in the question.
44. The cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain, is responsible for memory and intelligence. It
plays a crucial role in cognitive functions, including thinking, reasoning, learning, and memory
formation.
A. cerebellum The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and
posture. While it is an important part of the brain, it is not primarily responsible for memory and
intelligence.
C. medulla oblongata The medulla oblongata is located at the base of the brainstem and is
responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It is not
directly related to memory and intelligence.
D. thalamus The thalamus acts as a relay center for sensory information and plays a role in regulating
consciousness, sleep, and alertness. While it is involved in processing sensory information, it is not the
primary region responsible for memory and intelligence.
45. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) is a land reform program in the Philippines aimed at
redistributing agricultural lands to landless farmers and promoting social equity and economic prosperity.
46. A. Service Cooperative: A service cooperative primarily offers services to its members. These
services can include credit, insurance, healthcare, housing, education, and other services that fulfill the
needs of the members. The main objective is to provide beneficial services that might not be easily
accessible or affordable individually.
Example: A credit union is a type of service cooperative that provides financial services such as savings
accounts, loans, and other financial products to its members.
B. Multipurpose Cooperative: A multipurpose cooperative engages in a variety of economic

activities to meet the diverse needs of its members. It combines different functions, such as providing
goods, services, and other activities, under one cooperative entity.
Example: A cooperative that operates taxis, tricycles, and buses, as mentioned in your previous
question, is an example of a multipurpose cooperative. It offers transportation services, which is a
service-based activity, as well as a mix of other services.
C. Marketing Cooperative: A marketing cooperative focuses on collective marketing and distribution

of products produced by its members. The cooperative aims to secure better prices and market access
for its members' products by leveraging their collective strength.
Example: A group of farmers forming a cooperative to collectively market and sell their agricultural
produce (such as vegetables, fruits, or grains) is an example of a marketing cooperative.
D. Producers Cooperative: A producers cooperative consists of individuals or businesses engaged in

the production of goods or services. The cooperative aims to collectively enhance production, quality,
and efficiency while sharing benefits among members.
Example: A group of artisans coming together to create and sell their crafts under a cooperative entity
is an example of a producers cooperative.
47. A. profit Profit is the amount of money left over after all expenses have been deducted from the
revenue generated by a business. It is not a transfer payment; rather, it represents the earnings of a
business or individual.
B. rent Rent is the payment made by a tenant to a landlord for the use of property or assets. It is not a
transfer payment; it is a payment for a service or the use of property.
C. unemployment benefits Unemployment benefits are an example of a transfer payment. These

benefits are provided by the government to individuals who are unemployed and meet certain
eligibility criteria. The purpose of unemployment benefits is to provide financial assistance to those
who have lost their jobs and are actively seeking new employment.
D. government purchases Government purchases refer to the goods and services that a government
buys to provide public services and fulfill its functions. Government purchases involve the acquisition
of goods and services in exchange for payment and are not transfer payments.
48. A. absence of bias While "absence of bias" is related to objectivity, it doesn't fully capture the idea
of not allowing feelings and biases to influence observations and conclusions. Objectivity goes
beyond simply lacking bias; it emphasizes the deliberate effort to remain impartial and free from
personal influence.
B. concern for the environment "Concern for the environment" refers to an individual's care and
consideration for the natural world. It is not directly related to the practice of not letting personal
feelings and biases affect scientific observations and conclusions.
C. rationality "Rationality" refers to the quality of being logical, reasonable, and making decisions
based on sound judgment. While rationality is an important aspect of scientific thinking, it does not
specifically address the idea of minimizing personal biases when recording observations and forming
conclusions.
D. objectivity This is the correct answer. Objectivity is the scientific attitude of maintaining neutrality
and avoiding personal feelings and biases that could influence the process of observation, data
interpretation, and conclusion formulation.
50. Sexual reproduction provides for the most variety of offspring compared to other methods of
reproduction. In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parents (usually male and female)
combines to create genetically diverse offspring. This diversity arises from the random assortment of
genetic material during meiosis, as well as the possibility of genetic recombination through processes
like crossing over.
A. cloning Cloning involves producing genetically identical copies of an organism through asexual
means. While cloning results in genetically identical offspring, it does not generate the same level of
genetic diversity as sexual reproduction.
C. asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the
involvement of gametes (sex cells) or genetic recombination. Offspring produced through asexual
reproduction are genetically identical or very similar to the parent, resulting in limited genetic
diversity.
D. cellular reproduction Cellular reproduction refers to the process of cells dividing to create new cells
through mitosis (in eukaryotes). While cellular reproduction is fundamental to growth and
development, it does not inherently result in a wide variety of offspring.
PROF ED.
1. B. Computation
Explanation:
In this scenario, Teacher R used the process of computation. After scoring the test papers, she
assigned specific numerical grades (such as 95, 90, 85, 80, etc.) to each student's test score.
Computation involves performing calculations or mathematical operations to determine the final
scores or grades based on the given data.
A. Ranking Ranking involves arranging a set of items or individuals in a specific order based on a
particular criterion, such as from highest to lowest or vice versa. While ranking might be involved in
certain educational contexts, it is not the primary process described in the scenario.
C. Measurement Measurement involves assigning numerical values to quantify characteristics of

objects, events, or individuals. While grading involves measurement of performance, the specific
process described in the scenario is computation to assign numerical grades.
D. Evaluation Evaluation involves making judgments or assessments about the quality, significance, or
effectiveness of something. While grading is a part of the evaluation process, the specific process
described in the scenario is computation to determine the final scores.
2. A. Anthropology Anthropology is the broader field that encompasses the study of human beings,
their cultures, societies, languages, and biological characteristics. While archaeology is a subfield of
anthropology, it specifically focuses on the material remains of past cultures.
C. Ethnology Ethnology is the comparative and analytical study of cultures and societies, particularly
their cultural practices, beliefs, and social structures. It involves looking at living cultures and societies
rather than studying ancient remains.
D. Ethnography Ethnography involves the detailed and firsthand description of a specific cultural
group or community. Ethnographers engage in immersive fieldwork to understand the cultural
practices, beliefs, and behaviors of the group they are studying. Ethnography is a method often used
in anthropological research.
3. A. operant conditioning theory
Explanation:
Teacher D's statement aligns with the principles of operant conditioning theory. Operant
conditioning, developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner, is a learning theory that focuses on how
behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it. In this case, Teacher D emphasizes the
importance of providing reinforcement immediately after the desired response.
B. social cognitive theory Social cognitive theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role
of observational learning, modeling, and cognitive processes in shaping behavior. While
reinforcement can play a role in this theory, Teacher D's statement specifically emphasizes timing,
which is more closely related to operant conditioning.
C. cognitive theory Cognitive theories focus on mental processes such as perception, memory, and
problem-solving. While reinforcement and behavior are considered, Teacher D's statement is more
about the timing of reinforcement, which is a key aspect of operant conditioning.
D. humanist theory Humanist theories, such as those associated with Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers, emphasize human growth, self-actualization, and personal potential. While reinforcement can
play a role in shaping behavior, Teacher D's statement is more directly related to the principles of
operant conditioning.
4. Visual imagery refers to the mental representation of visual information in one's mind. It involves creating
mental pictures or scenes based on descriptions, narratives, or information. Research suggests that
incorporating visual imagery can enhance memory retention and recall. Given this principle, encouraging
students to use their imagination to create mental images while reading a story can be an effective teaching
strategy to help them remember and understand the content better.
5. social interaction
Explanation:
According to Lev Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, social interaction plays a crucial role in
the cognitive growth and development of individuals. Vygotsky proposed the concept of the "zone of
proximal development" (ZPD), which refers to the difference between what a learner can do on their
own and what they can achieve with the help of a more knowledgeable person, such as a teacher or
peer. The ZPD highlights the importance of social interaction and collaboration in pushing individuals
to reach higher levels of cognitive functioning.
A. independent thinking While independent thinking is important, Vygotsky's theory emphasizes that
cognitive development is scaffolded and supported by social interactions. The goal is not solely
focused on independent thinking but rather the growth that occurs through interaction and
collaboration.
C. individual mental work Individual mental work is a component of cognitive development, but
Vygotsky's theory places significant emphasis on the role of social interaction. Vygotsky believed that
cognitive development is strongly influenced by interactions with others who are more
knowledgeable or skilled.
D. scientific thinking Scientific thinking involves critical thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
While these skills are valuable, Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and
collaboration as primary drivers of cognitive development.
6. The statement that "the design of the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) is based on the principles that
the main sources for contemporary basic education are the expert systems of knowledge and the learner's
experience in their context" indicates that the BEC is both constructivist and essentialist in orientation.
7. D. daily journal
Explanation:
A daily journal is an assessment tool that shows evidence of a student's writing skills. When students
maintain a daily journal, they regularly write about their thoughts, experiences, reflections, and
observations. This consistent practice of writing provides an opportunity for educators to assess
various aspects of a student's writing skills, including grammar, vocabulary, organization, coherence,
and expression.

A. project A project can certainly demonstrate various skills, but the focus may not always be solely on
writing skills. Projects often involve multiple components and can showcase a range of abilities
beyond writing.
B. portfolio A portfolio is a collection of a student's work over a period of time. While a portfolio can
include writing samples, it may also contain other types of work such as artwork, projects,
presentations, and more.
C. critiquing sessions Critiquing sessions involve providing feedback on a student's work, which can
include writing pieces. However, critiquing sessions are more about evaluating and improving the
content and quality of the work, rather than solely focusing on assessing writing skills.
D. daily journal A daily journal involves regular writing, allowing educators to assess a student's
writing skills, style, language usage, and ability to communicate effectively through writing.
6. The case of the student hesitating and expressing negative sentiments such as "It's difficult. I don't like it. I
can't do it." alludes to both unmotivated students and extremely difficult learning tasks as potential problems.
7. Administering a diagnostic test is the most suitable option for Teacher S to determine the immediate
learning difficulties of her students. A diagnostic test is designed to assess specific areas of knowledge, skills,
and concepts in order to identify strengths and weaknesses. This type of test provides valuable information to
the teacher about the areas where students are struggling, which allows for targeted intervention and support.
Require her students to prepare a portfolio. While a portfolio can showcase students' work over time,
it may not provide immediate insights into specific learning difficulties. Portfolios are more
comprehensive and may not be designed to quickly identify current learning challenges.
B. Administer an achievement test. Achievement tests measure overall knowledge and skills acquired
by students, often covering a broad range of content. While they provide an overall assessment of
students' performance, they may not be designed to diagnose immediate learning difficulties in
specific areas.
D. Interview her students directly. While interviews can provide valuable qualitative insights into
students' perceptions and struggles, they might not be as efficient and objective as a diagnostic test
in identifying specific learning difficulties.
10. NSAT (National Secondary Achievement Test) and NEAT (National Elementary Achievement Test)
are standardized tests administered in the Philippines to assess the achievement levels of students.
These tests are designed to measure students' mastery of specific learning objectives and content
areas in line with the curriculum. The results of NSAT and NEAT are interpreted against set mastery
levels, which indicates that they fall under the category of criterion-referenced tests.
Criterion-referenced tests are assessments that measure a student's performance against a specific set
of criteria or standards. These criteria are often defined by educational objectives, learning outcomes,
or mastery levels. The goal of criterion-referenced tests is to determine whether a student has
reached a predetermined level of proficiency in the content being assessed.
A. intelligence test Intelligence tests assess a person's cognitive abilities and overall intellectual
potential. They are not designed to measure achievement against specific curriculum standards.
B. aptitude test Aptitude tests measure a person's potential or readiness to develop skills in a specific
area. These tests focus on predicting future success in a particular domain rather than measuring
current achievement against specific standards.
D. norm-referenced test Norm-referenced tests compare a student's performance to that of a larger
group of test-takers, often resulting in a ranking or percentile score. These tests do not necessarily
focus on specific mastery levels or curriculum standards.
11. A discrimination index is a measure that indicates how well an individual test item differentiates between
high-performing and low-performing students. It assesses the ability of an item to distinguish between
students who have a high level of the construct being measured (e.g., knowledge, skill) and those who have a
low level
12. In Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, the concept of "scaffolding" refers to the process by which a more
knowledgeable person, often a teacher or a more skilled peer, provides structured and tailored support
to a learner as they work on a task. This support is designed to help the learner bridge the gap between
their current level of development (the zone of actual development) and their potential level of
development (the zone of proximal development).
13. Bodily-kinesthetic learners are those who learn best through physical movement and hands-on
activities. They often excel in activities that involve physical engagement, motor skills, and physical
manipulation.
14. Institutions of learning are required to meet the minimum standards for state recognition, as
mandated by the law. However, they are also encouraged to set higher standards of quality
beyond the minimum requirements. This can be achieved through a process called "voluntary
accreditation."
Voluntary accreditation is a quality assurance process through which educational institutions
undergo external evaluations by accrediting bodies to ensure that they meet certain
predetermined standards of excellence. Institutions that voluntarily seek accreditation
demonstrate their commitment to providing high-quality education and continuous
improvement. While state recognition ensures basic compliance with regulations, voluntary
accreditation allows institutions to demonstrate their dedication to maintaining high standards
of quality.
A. lifelong education Lifelong education refers to the idea of learning throughout one's life and
is not directly related to setting standards for institutional quality.
C. formal education Formal education refers to structured and organized education within
established institutions, but it does not specifically address the process of setting higher standards
through accreditation.
D. academic freedom Academic freedom refers to the autonomy of educational institutions

and individuals to pursue and disseminate knowledge without interference. While important, it
is not directly related to the process of setting higher standards through accreditation.
15. Construct validity refers to the extent to which an assessment instrument measures the theoretical
construct or concept it is intended to measure. In this case, the construct is the set of affective
attributes you want to assess, such as attitudes and feelings. To ascertain the construct validity of the
instrument, you need to demonstrate that the items on the assessment instrument effectively
measure these specific attributes.
B. content Content validity refers to the extent to which an assessment instrument adequately covers
the content or domain it is intended to assess. While important, content validity might be more
relevant for assessing knowledge or skills rather than affective attributes like attitudes and feelings.
C. criterion-related Criterion-related validity involves comparing the scores on the assessment

instrument with a known criterion or external measure. It is typically used to assess predictive or
concurrent validity and is more relevant for assessments that have clear behavioral outcomes or
criteria.
D. face Face validity refers to the extent to which an assessment instrument appears to measure what
it is intended to measure on the surface. It does not necessarily involve a thorough investigation into
the deeper construct being assessed.
16. A. conducting mock election While conducting a mock election can involve interaction and
collaboration with others, it may not fully capture the complex dynamics and skills required for real-
world interactions and relationships.
C. organizing a community project Organizing a community project involves practical skills and
teamwork, but it may focus more on project management and leadership than on direct interactions
and relationships with individuals.
D. writing articles on working and relating to people Writing articles can provide insights into a
student's understanding of the topic, but it doesn't directly assess their ability to interact and relate to
people in real-life situations.
17. Effective classroom management involves creating a positive and productive learning environment that
promotes student engagement, learning, and overall well-being.
18. Keeping track of assessment results from one periodic rating to the next is a valuable practice in
education for monitoring student progress and identifying areas that need improvement. This process
contributes to the development of a school improvement plan.
A school improvement plan is a strategic and organized document that outlines the goals, strategies,
and action steps a school will take to enhance the overall educational experience and outcomes for its
students. It involves analyzing assessment data, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and setting
specific targets for improvement in various areas, such as academic achievement, student behavior,
teacher development, and school culture.
A. regional plan A regional plan typically involves broader planning and coordination efforts at a
regional or district level. It may not directly address the specific assessment results of a single school.
B. annual implementation plan An annual implementation plan outlines the steps and activities a
school or organization will undertake to achieve its goals within a specific year. While it could include
aspects related to assessment, it may not solely focus on tracking assessment results over time.
D. division plan A division plan refers to planning at a higher administrative level, such as a school
district or educational division. It might encompass multiple schools and initiatives, making it broader
in scope than tracking individual assessment results.
18. K - What the pupil already Knows: In this stage, students are encouraged to share what they
already know about the topic being introduced or discussed. This helps activate prior knowledge and
create connections to new information.
W - What the pupil Wants to know: In this stage, students express their curiosity by stating what they
want to learn or discover about the topic. This helps guide the teacher's instruction and addresses
students' interests and questions.
L - What the pupil Learned: In this stage, after the lesson or unit has been taught, students reflect on
what they have learned. This step helps students consolidate their new knowledge and assess their
understanding.
In summary, the K-W-L technique is a powerful tool for engaging students, guiding instruction, and
promoting active learning.
19. Effective classroom management involves creating a positive and conducive learning environment
where students can engage in meaningful learning experiences. Let's analyze each option:
A. It quickly and unobtrusively redirects misbehavior once it occurs. An effective classroom

management strategy addresses misbehavior promptly and discreetly. Teachers aim to minimize
disruptions by addressing issues calmly and efficiently, allowing the focus to remain on learning.
20. When curriculum content is fairly distributed across different areas of discipline, it indicates that
the curriculum is balanced. A balanced curriculum ensures that students receive a comprehensive
education that covers various subjects and topics, rather than focusing heavily on one area while
neglecting others.
A. sequenced "Sequenced" refers to the logical order in which curriculum content is presented. While
sequencing is important, it doesn't specifically address the even distribution of content.
C. integrated "Integrated" refers to the incorporation of different subjects or disciplines to create

interdisciplinary connections. It focuses on how subjects can be combined to enhance learning rather
than ensuring equal distribution of content.
D. continued "Continued" doesn't relate to the distribution of curriculum content but rather suggests
an ongoing or uninterrupted nature of something.
1. 21. Direct Instruction: Direct instruction is a teacher-centered approach that involves explicit and
systematic teaching of specific content, concepts, skills, and procedures. It aims to provide students
with clear and structured information, often following a step-by-step approach. Some characteristics
of direct instruction include:
 Teacher-led: The teacher takes the lead in presenting information, explaining concepts, and
demonstrating skills.
 Explicit: Concepts and skills are explained explicitly, with clear instructions and examples.
 Active teacher involvement: The teacher provides guidance, models, and direct feedback to students.
 Mastery-oriented: Direct instruction often focuses on achieving clear learning objectives and ensuring
students acquire specific knowledge or skills.
 Suitable for factual information, rules, procedures, and basic skills.
2. Indirect Instruction: Indirect instruction is a student-centered approach that promotes inquiry, critical
thinking, problem-solving, and discovery. It encourages students to actively explore concepts,
generate hypotheses, and draw conclusions. Some characteristics of indirect instruction include:
 Student-centered: Students take an active role in their learning, engaging in exploration and
discovery.
 Inquiry-based: Students explore questions, problems, or scenarios to develop their understanding and
draw conclusions.
 Critical thinking: Indirect instruction promotes higher-order thinking skills, such as analysis, synthesis,
and evaluation.
 Constructivist approach: It aligns with constructivist learning theories, emphasizing the role of
students' prior knowledge and experiences.
 Suitable for complex concepts, patterns, abstractions, and generalizations.
The constructivist approach is a pedagogical philosophy and educational theory that emphasizes the
active role of learners in constructing their own understanding and knowledge through interactions
with their environment and experiences. This approach is rooted in the idea that learners are not
passive recipients of information but rather active participants in the learning process. The
constructivist approach has had a significant impact on modern education and has led to innovative
teaching practices that promote meaningful learning. Here are some key aspects of the constructivist
approach:
1. Prior Knowledge and Experience: Constructivism recognizes the importance of learners' prior
knowledge, experiences, and cultural backgrounds. Learning is built upon existing mental frameworks,
and new information is integrated with existing concepts.
2. Active Learning: Learners actively engage with the learning materials, interact with their peers, and
reflect on their experiences. They construct new knowledge through exploration, experimentation,
problem-solving, and discussion.
3. Social Interaction: Collaborative learning is often emphasized in the constructivist approach.
Interaction with peers, teachers, and the learning environment helps learners refine their
understanding, share perspectives, and negotiate meaning.
4. Scaffolding: Educators play a role as facilitators, providing guidance and support as learners explore
new concepts. This support is gradually reduced as learners gain confidence and independence.
5. Authentic Tasks: Learning is contextualized through real-world tasks and problems. Authentic
experiences allow learners to apply knowledge in meaningful situations, making learning more
relevant and engaging.
6. Reflection: Learners are encouraged to reflect on their learning experiences, think critically about
their thought processes, and make connections between new and existing knowledge.
7. Constructing Meaning: The focus is on understanding concepts deeply rather than memorizing
facts. Learners actively construct their own meanings through personal experiences and interactions.
8. Multiple Perspectives: Learners are exposed to diverse viewpoints and interpretations, promoting
critical thinking and understanding of different perspectives.
9. Personalized Learning: The constructivist approach values individual differences and allows learners
to take ownership of their learning paths and interests.
10. Continuous Learning: Learning is seen as a lifelong process, where individuals adapt and adjust their
understanding as they encounter new information and experiences.
11. Jean Piaget: Often regarded as the father of constructivism, Piaget's cognitive development
theory emphasized the active role of learners in constructing their own knowledge through
interaction with their environment. He described stages of cognitive development and
highlighted the importance of assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration in the learning
process.
12. Lev Vygotsky: Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasized the significance of social
interactions and cultural context in cognitive development. He introduced the concept of the
zone of proximal development (ZPD), which refers to the gap between what a learner can do
independently and what they can achieve with assistance from a more knowledgeable person.
13. Jerome Bruner: Bruner's theory of cognitive development emphasized the importance of
active learning, discovery, and problem-solving. He introduced the concept of "scaffolding,"
where educators provide support to learners as they tackle challenging tasks, gradually
allowing them to become more independent.
14. John Dewey: Although not exclusively a constructivist, Dewey's progressive education
philosophy aligns with constructivist principles. He emphasized experiential learning, student-
centered education, and the integration of classroom learning with real-life experiences.
15. Maria Montessori: Montessori education, developed by Maria Montessori, emphasizes self-
directed learning, hands-on exploration, and the importance of creating a prepared
environment that supports individual growth and development.
16. Seymour Papert: A pioneer in the field of educational technology, Papert developed the
theory of constructionism, which extends constructivist principles to the use of technology in
learning. He is known for his work on the creation of the programming language Logo and the
development of educational robotics.
17. Howard Gardner: Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that learners have
diverse forms of intelligence beyond traditional measures. This theory supports individualized
approaches to learning and instructional strategies that cater to various strengths.
18. Bruno Bettelheim and Erik Erikson: These psychologists have contributed to the
understanding of the importance of a child's social and emotional development, emphasizing
the role of relationships, culture, and self-awareness in learning.
25. The statement "His aim of education is individual not a preparation for but participation in the life
around the individual" aligns with the educational philosophy of Friedrich Froebel.
Friedrich Froebel (1782–1852) was a German educator and philosopher known for his contributions to
early childhood education and the development of the kindergarten system. He believed in the
importance of fostering the holistic development of each child and providing an environment that
encourages active participation and exploration.
Froebel's approach to education emphasized the following principles:
1. Holistic Development: Froebel believed in nurturing the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual
aspects of a child's development.
2. Play and Exploration: He recognized the significance of play as a natural and essential activity for
children's learning. Play, in his view, allowed children to actively engage with their environment and
make sense of the world.
3. Self-Expression and Creativity: Froebel introduced the concept of "gifts" and "occupations," which
were materials and activities designed to promote creativity, imagination, and self-expression in
children.
4. Nature and Outdoor Learning: He emphasized the importance of connecting children with nature
and the outdoors, seeing it as a source of inspiration and learning.
5. Social Interaction: Froebel believed in fostering cooperation and collaboration among children,
recognizing the value of social interaction in their development.
The aim of education according to Froebel was to nurture the individual's innate potential, encourage
active participation in the world around them, and foster a sense of connection to nature, community,
and self-expression.
1. Friedrich Froebel: Friedrich Froebel (1782–1852) was a German educator and philosopher who is
often regarded as the founder of the kindergarten system. He emphasized the importance of early
childhood education and believed that children learn through play and exploration. Froebel
introduced the concept of "kindergarten" (meaning "children's garden") as a place where young
children could engage in purposeful play and activities that supported their holistic development.
2. Herbert Spencer: Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, and social
theorist. While he is not primarily known as an educator, his ideas influenced educational philosophy
during his time. He advocated for the idea of "survival of the fittest" and believed that education
should prepare individuals to adapt to the demands of society. Spencer's ideas were associated with
social Darwinism and the application of evolutionary principles to various aspects of human society,
including education.
3. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: Johann Pestalozzi (1746–1827) was a Swiss educator and reformer
known for his contributions to modern educational methods. He emphasized the importance of a
child-centered approach to education, where teachers should adapt their methods to the individual
needs and interests of each student. Pestalozzi believed in hands-on learning, observation, and
sensory experiences as essential components of effective education.
4. Johann Friedrich Herbart: Johann Herbart (1776–1841) was a German philosopher and educator
who developed an influential system of education based on psychology and pedagogy. He
emphasized the idea of "apperception," which referred to the process of assimilating new knowledge
into existing mental frameworks. Herbart's educational philosophy emphasized a structured
curriculum and the importance of linking new information to students' prior knowledge.
29. Non-threatening means of assessing learning outcomes focus on creating a supportive and low-stress
environment for students to demonstrate their understanding and skills.
36. Aptitude Test: An aptitude test is designed to measure a person's potential to acquire specific
skills or abilities. It assesses an individual's natural talents, interests, and suitability for a particular task,
field, or occupation. Aptitude tests help identify a person's strengths and areas where they are likely
to excel.
B. Placement Test: A placement test is used to determine the appropriate level of a course or
educational program for a student. It assesses the student's current knowledge and skills in a specific
subject or area. Based on the results of the placement test, students are assigned to the appropriate
class or level that matches their abilities.
C. Diagnostic Test: A diagnostic test is administered to identify a student's strengths and weaknesses
in a particular subject or skill area. It aims to pinpoint areas of difficulty and areas of proficiency. The
results of a diagnostic test help teachers tailor instruction and interventions to meet individual
student needs.
D. Standardized Test: A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent
manner, following established procedures and guidelines. The content, format, and scoring criteria are
the same for all test takers. Standardized tests are often used to compare the performance of
students from different schools, districts, or regions.
37. The study conducted by the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) highlighted concerns
about the declining quality of education in the Philippines. One of the recommendations made by EDCOM was
to "professionalize" teachers and teaching. This implies that there was a need to enhance the qualifications,
training, and status of teachers in order to improve the overall quality of education in the country.
Professionalizing teaching would involve measures to ensure that teachers are well-trained, supported, and
equipped to deliver effective instruction to students.
38. Republic Act No. 4670 is known as the "Magna Carta for Public School Teachers." Enacted on June
18, 1966, this law outlines the rights and privileges of public school teachers in the Philippines. It aims
to uplift the status and improve the working conditions of teachers, recognizing their significant role
in shaping the nation's future through education.
Key provisions of the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers include:
1. Compensation and Benefits: The law ensures just and equitable compensation for public school
teachers, including salary increases, leaves, bonuses, and other benefits.
2. Tenure and Security of Employment: It establishes provisions to protect teachers' security of tenure,
preventing arbitrary dismissal or termination.
3. Professional Growth: The law promotes opportunities for professional development, training, and
upgrading of skills for teachers.
4. Rights and Responsibilities: It outlines the rights and responsibilities of teachers, as well as their
ethical standards and code of conduct.
5. Working Conditions: The law addresses working conditions, including maximum class sizes, teaching
load, and instructional hours.
6. Health and Welfare: It provides provisions for health and welfare benefits, such as medical services
and facilities for teachers.
7. Retirement Benefits: The law outlines retirement benefits and privileges for public school teachers.
8. Teacher Organizations: It recognizes the right of teachers to form organizations and associations for
professional development and advocacy.
39. A. Validity: Validity refers to the extent to which an assessment or measurement accurately
measures what it intends to measure. It is related to the accuracy and appropriateness of assessment
tools in reflecting the intended learning outcomes.
B. Significance: Significance refers to the importance, relevance, and impact of a topic or content
area on learners' understanding, skills, and knowledge. It focuses on the meaningfulness of the
content in the broader context.
C. Interest: Interest relates to the engagement and motivation of learners in the subject matter. While
it's important to consider learners' interests, it may not directly address the practicality and feasibility
of teaching a particular topic within given constraints.
D. Feasibility: Feasibility addresses whether the chosen subject matter, curriculum, or content can
realistically be taught and learned within the available resources, time, and expertise of the teacher. It
involves making practical decisions to ensure effective learning experiences for students.
40. One of the most well-known theories of cognitive development is Jean Piaget's theory of
cognitive development. Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages, each
characterized by specific cognitive abilities and ways of understanding the world. His stages include:
1. Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. They
develop object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they
are out of sight.
2. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Children begin to use language and symbols to represent objects
and concepts. However, they often struggle with logical reasoning and exhibit egocentrism, where
they have difficulty understanding viewpoints other than their own.
3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Children become more capable of logical reasoning,
conservation (understanding that quantity remains the same even if the appearance changes), and
basic problem-solving. They can think more systematically about concrete objects and events.
4. Formal Operational Stage (11 years and beyond): Adolescents and adults can engage in abstract and
hypothetical thinking. They can reason about complex concepts and consider multiple perspectives.
This stage is marked by the ability to think critically and engage in advanced problem-solving.
In addition to Piaget's theory, other influential theories and frameworks, such as Lev Vygotsky's
sociocultural theory and Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, have contributed to our
understanding of cognitive development.
Cognitive development is influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, social

interactions, education, and cultural experiences. It plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's ability
to learn, adapt, and navigate the world around them. Parents, educators, and researchers often focus
on understanding and supporting healthy cognitive development in children and adolescents to
foster their intellectual growth and overall well-being.
41. Effective distracters are the incorrect answer choices in a multiple-choice question that serve the
purpose of testing the examinee's understanding and knowledge. A good distracter should be
plausible enough to confuse students who haven't fully grasped the concept being tested. However, it
should not be so obvious that it leads a significant number of students to choose it.
In this scenario, option B was chosen by only 2 examinees out of 50. This indicates that the majority of
the students recognized that option B was not the correct answer. As a result, it can be considered the
least effective distracter because it didn't confuse or mislead a significant portion of the examinees.
The other options (A, C, and D) were chosen by more examinees, suggesting that they might have
been more convincing distracters for the rest of the test-takers.
42. A portfolio is an alternative assessment tool for teaching and learning that consists of a collection
of work or artifacts, both finished and in-progress, created by the targeted clientele, such as students.
Portfolios can include a variety of materials, such as essays, projects, artwork, research papers,
presentations, and more. The purpose of a portfolio is to provide a comprehensive view of a student's
progress, skills, achievements, and growth over a period of time.
Let's briefly explain the other options as well:
A. rubric: A rubric is a scoring guide used to assess the quality of student work based on specific
criteria. It provides clear expectations and guidelines for evaluating assignments or projects.
B. achievement test: An achievement test is a standardized test designed to measure a student's

knowledge, skills, and understanding of a particular subject or topic. It usually involves a set of
predetermined questions or tasks.
C. evaluation instrument: This term is broad and can refer to any tool or method used to assess or
evaluate something, including student learning. It doesn't specifically refer to a collection of work or
artifacts like a portfolio does.
43. Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, is often associated with discussions on ethics and human
virtues. He engaged in dialogues with his contemporaries, particularly his students Plato and
Xenophon, where he explored the concept of virtue and its role in leading a good life. While Socrates
himself didn't leave behind written works, his ideas and thoughts were recorded by his followers,
most notably Plato.
Socrates believed that the pursuit of virtue was essential for living a fulfilling and meaningful life. He
emphasized self-examination, introspection, and critical thinking as the means to understand and
cultivate these virtues. Some of the key virtues that Socrates discussed include:
1. Wisdom (Sophia): Socrates considered wisdom as the highest virtue. Wisdom, for him, involved not
only intellectual knowledge but also self-awareness, humility, and the recognition of one's own
limitations. He believed that true wisdom was the awareness of one's ignorance, leading to a constant
search for knowledge and understanding.
2. Courage (Andreia): Socrates discussed courage as the ability to face difficulties, challenges, and fears
with resolve and determination. He saw courage as an inner strength that enabled individuals to stand
up for their beliefs and principles, even in the face of adversity.
3. Moderation (Sophrosyne): Moderation or self-control was another virtue that Socrates valued. He
believed in maintaining a balanced and disciplined approach to life, avoiding excess and extremes in
behaviors and emotions.
4. Justice (Dikaiosyne): While justice was discussed more extensively by Plato in his dialogues, Socrates
did engage in conversations about fairness and ethical conduct. He believed that acting justly and
treating others with fairness was a fundamental aspect of virtuous living.
5. Piety (Eusebeia): Socrates also explored the concept of piety, which refers to religious devotion and
reverence. In Plato's dialogue "Euthyphro," Socrates questions the nature of piety and the relationship
between piety and morality.
Socrates recognized moral wisdom, often referred to as "virtue" or "virtuous living," as one of the greatest of
human virtues. Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher known for his contributions to ethics and his
exploration of fundamental questions about morality, knowledge, and the nature of reality. He believed that
the pursuit of virtue and moral excellence was essential for individuals to live a good and fulfilling life.
44. Curriculum implementation involves translating the educational plan and curriculum design into
actual teaching and learning activities. While all stakeholders contribute to the success of curriculum
implementation, teachers have the most immediate and direct responsibility in carrying out the
curriculum in the classroom. Here's an explanation of the choices:
A. the learners: Learners, or students, are active participants in the learning process. While they are
integral to the implementation process, they are not responsible for designing or structuring the
curriculum. Their role is to engage in the learning activities and make the most of the educational
opportunities provided.
B. the school heads: School heads, such as principals or headmasters, have administrative roles and
provide leadership within the school. They oversee various aspects of the school's functioning,
including curriculum implementation. However, their responsibility is more focused on providing
support, resources, and creating a conducive learning environment.
C. the teachers: Teachers are on the front lines of curriculum implementation. They design lesson
plans, deliver instruction, assess student progress, and adapt their teaching methods to meet the
needs of their students. They ensure that the curriculum's goals and objectives are being effectively
conveyed to the learners.
D. the parents: Parents are important partners in education, but their role is primarily in supporting
their children's learning journey. They can contribute to curriculum implementation by being engaged
in their child's education, attending meetings, and providing a supportive home environment for
learning.
46. A model is a three-dimensional representation that can provide a tangible and visual
understanding of complex concepts. In this case, a physical model of the Earth and the solar system
would allow learners to interact with and better comprehend the relative sizes, shapes, and positions
of celestial bodies.
Let's explain the other choices:
A. picture: A picture, such as a photograph or an illustration, can provide a two-dimensional view of

the Earth and the solar system. While pictures can be informative, they might not capture the three-
dimensional aspects and relative sizes as effectively as a model.
C. realia: Realia refers to actual objects or materials from the real world used in instruction. While
realia can be engaging for teaching certain concepts, it might be challenging to find or use actual
celestial bodies to demonstrate the Earth's position in the solar system.
D. film: A film or video can provide dynamic visualizations of astronomical concepts, including the
Earth's place in the solar system. However, it might not offer the same hands-on interaction and direct
understanding that a physical model can provide.
47. A "buzz session" is a teaching technique that encourages cooperative learning and social
interaction among students. During a buzz session, students come together in a group to discuss a
topic, share ideas, and engage in open dialogue. This technique fosters collaboration, active
participation, and the exchange of diverse perspectives.
Let's explain the other choices:
B. graded recitation: Graded recitation usually involves individual students answering questions posed
by the teacher in a more formal and structured manner. While it can have some educational benefits,
it might not promote cooperative learning and social interaction as effectively as other techniques.
C. individual reporting: Individual reporting involves students presenting their findings or opinions
individually, often in front of the class. While this can help develop communication skills, it doesn't
necessarily emphasize cooperative learning or social interaction, as students are presenting on their
own.
D. lecture: A lecture involves the teacher presenting information to the students in a more one-sided
manner. While lectures can provide valuable content, they don't inherently encourage cooperative
learning or social interaction among students.
49. Agnosticism is a philosophical position that asserts that the existence of God or gods is unknown,
unknowable, or inherently uncertain. Agnostics typically withhold judgment on the existence of
supernatural beings due to a lack of empirical evidence or conclusive reasoning. The prayer in
question reflects the agnostic stance of acknowledging the uncertainty of the existence of God and
the soul.
Let's briefly explain the other choices:
A. Stoic: Stoicism is a school of philosophy that emphasizes self-control, rationality, and acceptance of
things beyond our control. Stoics did discuss matters related to the divine, but the prayer's wording
does not align with Stoic beliefs.
B. Empiricist: Empiricism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of sensory

experience and empirical evidence in acquiring knowledge. The prayer's wording is not characteristic
of empiricist views.
D. Skeptic: Skepticism involves a questioning or doubting attitude towards knowledge, beliefs, or

claims. While skeptics may doubt the existence of certain things, the prayer's phrasing doesn't directly
reflect the typical concerns of skepticism.
Majorship
1. a. Love’s Labour’s Lost: This play is a comedy that focuses on the theme of courtly love and
intellectual pursuits. The lines provided are not from this play.
b. Othello: "Othello" is a tragedy that revolves around themes of jealousy, betrayal, and manipulation.
The lines provided are not from this play.
d. Cymbeline: "Cymbeline" is a romantic play that involves mistaken identities and political intrigue.
The lines provided are not from this play.
2. These lines are from the poem "Song to Celia" by Ben Jonson, also known as "Drink to me only with
thine eyes." The poem is a love song that expresses the idea of experiencing love and intimacy
through simple and pure gestures, such as sharing a drink or leaving a kiss in a cup. The speaker
suggests that the touch of a kiss is more precious than wine.
b. Crossing the Bar: "Crossing the Bar" is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson that reflects on the theme
of death and the transition from life to the afterlife. The lines provided are not from this poem.
c. Ode to the West Wind: "Ode to the West Wind" is a famous poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley that
addresses the power of nature and the role of the poet as a vehicle for change. The lines provided are
not from this poem.
d. She was a Phantom of Delight: "She was a Phantom of Delight" is a poem by William Wordsworth
that celebrates the beauty and virtues of a woman. The lines provided are not from this poem.
In summary, the lines "DRINK TO ME ONLY WITH THINE EYES..." are from Ben Jonson's "Song to
Celia," a poem that conveys sentiments of love and intimacy through simple gestures.
3. These lines are from the poem "The World is Too Much With Us" by William Wordsworth. The
poem expresses the speaker's lament about the materialistic and shallow mindset of society, and the
yearning for a deeper connection with nature and the spiritual world. The lines you've provided
highlight the speaker's desire for experiences that connect them with the elemental and mythological
aspects of the natural world.
a. Auguries of Innocence: "Auguries of Innocence" is a poem by William Blake that reflects on the
nature of innocence and experience, often highlighting the contrasts and paradoxes of life. The lines
you've provided are not from this poem.
b. God Moves in a Mysterious Way: "God Moves in a Mysterious Way" is a hymn written by William
Cowper that explores themes of divine providence and trust in God's plan. The lines you've provided
are not from this hymn.
c. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is a poem by

Thomas Gray that reflects on mortality and the lives of common people buried in a churchyard. The
lines you've provided are not from this poem.
4. The lines you've provided are from the poem "Torn" by Jose Garcia Villa. Jose Garcia Villa was a
Filipino poet known for his unique and innovative style. "Torn" is one of his poems where he plays
with language, imagery, and syntax to create a distinctive and thought-provoking piece.
a. Fernando M. Maramag: Fernando M. Maramag was a Filipino poet and journalist known for his
nationalist and patriotic poetry. The lines you've provided are not from his works.
b. Mauro Mendez: Mauro Mendez was a Filipino poet, essayist, and editor. While he contributed
significantly to Philippine literature, the lines you've provided are not from his works.
c. Natividad Marquez: Natividad Marquez was a Filipino poet and short story writer. However, the
lines you've provided are not from her works.
5. The quote is from the first line of the pamphlet "The American Crisis" written by Thomas Paine in
December 1776. "The American Crisis" was a series of pamphlets aimed at encouraging American
soldiers and citizens during the difficult times of the American Revolutionary War. The phrase
captures the sentiment of perseverance and determination in the face of challenging circumstances.
a. James Madison: James Madison was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the
fourth President. While he played a significant role in the founding of the nation, the quote is not
attributed to him.
c. Benjamin Franklin: Benjamin Franklin was another Founding Father known for his numerous
contributions to American society. The quote is not attributed to him.
d. Thomas Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration
of Independence, and the third President. The quote is not attributed to him.
In summary, the quote "These are the times that try men's souls" is from Thomas Paine's pamphlet
"The American Crisis," expressing the challenges faced during the American Revolutionary War.
6. The author of the novel "War and Peace" is Leo Tolstoy, a Russian writer. "War and Peace" is
considered one of Tolstoy's greatest literary achievements and is often regarded as one of the
greatest novels ever written. It was first published in 1869 and is known for its epic scope, intricate
character development, and exploration of themes related to war, society, and human nature.
a. Spencer: Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, sociologist, and biologist known for his
contributions to social Darwinism and evolutionary theory. He did not write "War and Peace."
b. Turgenew: Ivan Turgenev was a Russian novelist and playwright known for works such as "Fathers
and Sons" and "A Month in the Country." He did not write "War and Peace."
c. Shaw: George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright, critic, and polemicist known for plays like
"Pygmalion" and "Man and Superman." He did not write "War and Peace."
In summary, the novel "War and Peace" was written by Leo Tolstoy, a renowned Russian author, and it
remains a classic of world literature.
7. a. MERCHANT OF VENICE: "The Merchant of Venice" is a comedy written by William Shakespeare.
The play explores themes of love, friendship, justice, and prejudice. It centers around the merchant
Antonio, who borrows money from the Jewish moneylender Shylock to help his friend Bassanio court
the wealthy heiress Portia. The play is known for its complex characters, including Shylock and Portia,
and its exploration of the consequences of financial dealings and the power of mercy.
b. HAMLET: "Hamlet" is one of William Shakespeare's most famous tragedies. The play follows Prince
Hamlet of Denmark as he seeks to avenge his father's murder by his uncle, who has now become
king. The play delves into themes of revenge, madness, mortality, and the nature of reality. The
famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy is from "Hamlet."
c. AS YOU LIKE IT: "As You Like It" is a comedy by William Shakespeare. The play explores themes of
love, identity, and the contrast between courtly life and life in the pastoral countryside. It includes one
of Shakespeare's most memorable speeches, "All the world's a stage," which describes the seven ages
of human life.
d. MACBETH: "Macbeth" is one of Shakespeare's tragic plays. It follows the ambitious Macbeth, who,
driven by his desire for power, commits regicide to become king. The play delves into themes of
ambition, guilt, and the corrupting influence of unchecked ambition. The famous quote "Out, damned
spot!" is from the sleepwalking scene of Lady Macbeth in this play.
8. The quote is from the inaugural address of President John F. Kennedy, delivered on January 20,
1961. In this memorable speech, Kennedy encouraged a sense of civic responsibility and public service
among citizens, emphasizing the idea that individuals should contribute to the betterment of their
country. The quote reflects Kennedy's call for a united effort in addressing national challenges and
promoting the common good.
a. Richard M. Nixon: Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, but the quote is not
attributed to him.
c. Dwight D. Eisenhower: Dwight D. Eisenhower, often referred to as "Ike," was the 34th President of
the United States. While he emphasized the importance of national service, the quote is not attributed
to him.
d. Lyndon B. Johnson: Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th President of the United States. While he also
advocated for national service and launched the "Great Society" programs, the quote is not attributed
to him.
9. a. Richard M. Nixon: Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969
to 1974. He is known for his involvement in both domestic and international affairs, including the
establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), efforts to improve relations with China
(known as "Nixon's China policy"), and his involvement in the Vietnam War. His presidency ended in
resignation due to the Watergate scandal, making him the first U.S. president to resign from office.
b. John F. Kennedy: John F. Kennedy, often referred to as JFK, was the 35th President of the United
States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He is known for his inspirational leadership,
advocacy for civil rights, space exploration (including the Apollo program), and his role in the Cuban
Missile Crisis. He was known for his eloquent speeches and his vision of public service, as seen in the
famous quote you mentioned.
c. Dwight D. Eisenhower: Dwight D. Eisenhower, also known as "Ike," was the 34th President of the
United States, serving from 1953 to 1961. Before his presidency, he was a highly respected military
leader during World War II, serving as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in
Europe. As president, he focused on domestic issues, including infrastructure development (the
Interstate Highway System) and advancing civil rights.
d. Lyndon B. Johnson: Lyndon B. Johnson, often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the
United States, succeeding Kennedy after his assassination. Johnson's presidency is known for the
passage of significant legislation, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of
1965. He also initiated the "Great Society" programs, which aimed to reduce poverty and racial
injustice.
9. a. HYMN TO THE NIGHT: "Hymn to the Night" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. In this
poem, Longfellow expresses his appreciation for the solace and inspiration he finds in the darkness of
night. He praises the tranquility and spirituality of the night, contrasting it with the turmoil of the day.
The poem reflects Longfellow's fascination with the mysteries of the night and his belief in its
restorative power.
b. THE CROSS OF SNOW: "The Cross of Snow" is a sonnet by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This
poem is a tribute to his late wife, Frances Appleton, who died tragically in a fire. The "cross of snow"
refers to a symbolic burden of grief that Longfellow carries, comparing it to a permanent cross on a
mountain's face. The poem conveys his deep sense of loss and the enduring impact of his wife's death
on his life.
c. MY LOST YOUTH: "My Lost Youth" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This
autobiographical poem reflects on Longfellow's memories of his hometown of Portland, Maine. He
reminisces about his childhood and the people, places, and experiences that shaped his early years.
The poem captures a sense of longing for the past and the places of his youth.
d. A PSALM OF LIFE: "A Psalm of Life" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This inspirational
poem encourages readers to embrace life's challenges and uncertainties with a positive and proactive
attitude. It advises against dwelling on the past and instead advocates for making the most of the
present, leaving a meaningful impact on the world through action and purpose.
13. The poem "ZIP THE LIP" by William Norris is offering advice on communication and discretion. The
lines "If your lips would keep from slips. Five things observe with care; To whom you speak; of whom
you speak And how, when, and where" suggest that the author wants you to:
d. To observe confidentiality
Explanation: The lines encourage individuals to exercise caution in their speech and communication.
The advice emphasizes the importance of keeping certain information private and not sharing it
indiscriminately. Observing confidentiality means being selective about what you say, to whom you
say it, and under what circumstances. The phrase "ZIP THE LIP" suggests closing one's lips and
keeping them sealed, which metaphorically means refraining from revealing sensitive or private
matters.
14 a. Ode to the West Wind: "Ode to the West Wind" is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley, one of the
prominent poets of the Romantic movement. The poem is an ode that addresses the powerful and
transformative force of nature, particularly the wind, and its potential to inspire change and renewal.
Shelley uses the wind as a symbol of both destruction and regeneration, reflecting his own emotions
and hopes for societal and personal transformation.
b. Crossing the Bar: "Crossing the Bar" is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. The poem reflects on the
idea of crossing from life to death, comparing it to crossing a sandbar at the entrance of a harbor.
Tennyson's tone is serene and contemplative, expressing his acceptance of the inevitable transition
and his hope for a peaceful passage to the afterlife.
c. Ode to Evening: "Ode to Evening" is a poem by William Collins, a poet of the 18th century. The
poem is dedicated to the beauty and tranquility of evening and portrays it as a time of rest, reflection,
and the gentle withdrawal of the day's activities. The poem evokes a sense of peacefulness and
harmony with nature.
d. My Last Duchess: "My Last Duchess" is a dramatic monologue by Robert Browning. The poem is
spoken by a Duke who is showing a portrait of his late wife to an emissary negotiating a potential
marriage with another nobleman. Through the Duke's words, the reader gradually learns about the
controlling and possessive nature of the Duke and the circumstances surrounding the Duchess's
death. The poem explores themes of power, jealousy, and control.
15. A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as." In
the given lines, the comparison is made using the word "like." The description of the bright eyes as
"glittered like the flowers beneath a kettle" is a simile because it draws a comparison between the way
the eyes glitter and the way flowers appear beneath a kettle, using the word "like" to establish the
similarity.
b. Hyperbole: Hyperbole involves exaggerated statements or claims that are not meant to be taken
literally. The lines do not contain an exaggerated or extravagant statement.
c. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly equates two different things by saying one
thing is another. The lines use "like" to compare, so they are a simile rather than a metaphor.
d. Personification: Personification involves giving human qualities to non-human entities. The lines do
not attribute human qualities to non-human things, so personification is not at play here.
1. Simile: Meaning: A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as." Example: "Her smile is
as bright as the sun."
2. Metaphor: Meaning: A direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
Example: "Time is a thief in the night."
3. Hyperbole: Meaning: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Example: "I've
told you a million times to clean your room!"
4. Personification: Meaning: Giving human qualities to non-human entities. Example: "The wind
whispered through the trees."
5. Oxymoron: Meaning: A combination of contradictory or opposite words. Example: "Bittersweet,"
"deafening silence."
6. Alliteration: Meaning: Repetition of initial consonant sounds in a sequence of words. Example: "Sally
sells seashells by the seashore."
7. Onomatopoeia: Meaning: Words that imitate the sound they represent. Example: "Buzz," "hiss,"
"clang."
8. Irony: Meaning: A contrast between expectation and reality. Example: Saying "What a beautiful day!"
during a thunderstorm.
9. Pun: Meaning: A play on words that have similar sounds but different meanings. Example: "I used to
play piano by ear, but now I use my hands."
10. Euphemism: Meaning: Substituting mild or indirect words or phrases for more direct or harsh ones.
Example: "Passed away" instead of "died."
11. Allusion: Meaning: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, or work of literature. Example:
"He's a real Romeo with the ladies."
12. Paradox: Meaning: A statement that seems contradictory but may be true in a deeper sense. Example:
"Less is more."
13. Understatement: Meaning: A way of representing something as less significant than it actually is.
Example: "It's just a small cut, I'll survive."
14. Synecdoche: Meaning: Using a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa. Example: "All
hands on deck" (referring to all crew members).
15. Metonymy: Meaning: Substituting the name of one thing with the name of something closely
associated with it. Example: "The White House issued a statement."
16. a. Buddy Reading: In buddy reading, two students, often of differing reading abilities, read
together. One student may be more proficient in reading and helps the other, providing
support and encouragement. This approach fosters peer interaction, collaboration, and the
development of reading skills.
b. Shared Reading: Shared reading involves a more experienced reader, usually a teacher or
adult, reading a text aloud to a group of students. Students follow along as the text is read
aloud, and the reading experience is shared. It's an effective way to model fluent reading,
promote comprehension, and introduce new vocabulary.
c. Guided Reading: Guided reading is an instructional strategy where a teacher works with a
small group of students with similar reading levels. The teacher selects a text appropriate for
the group's reading abilities and provides guidance and support as students read
independently. The focus is on developing reading strategies, comprehension skills, and
fostering discussions.
d. Reading Aloud to Students: Reading aloud to students is a fundamental approach where a

teacher or proficient reader reads a text aloud to a group of students. This approach helps
expose students to language, vocabulary, and storytelling, while also modeling proper
pronunciation, expression, and intonation.
17. a. Effective teachers use the four cueing system to support students.
Explanation: The four cueing system is not a principle of effective teaching of reading; rather, it refers
to a specific theory of reading development. The Four Cueing System theory suggests that readers
use different cues, such as meaning, structure, visual, and phonemic cues, to decode and comprehend
text. While this theory has been used in reading instruction, it's not universally accepted, and there are
other perspectives on reading development.
b. Effective teachers use instructional approaches on how children learn: This is a principle of effective
teaching of reading. Effective teachers understand that different children have different learning styles
and preferences, so they employ a variety of instructional approaches to cater to these diverse needs.
c. Effective teachers go out of the structured classrooms to create a community of readers: This is a
principle of effective teaching of reading. Creating a community of readers involves fostering a love
for reading beyond the classroom setting, which can include engaging students in book clubs,
reading activities, and involving parents and the local community.
d. Effective teachers select appropriate reading materials: This is a principle of effective teaching of
reading. Selecting appropriate reading materials that match students' interests, reading levels, and
developmental stages is crucial for promoting engagement and comprehension.
19. Automaticity is a theory in reading education that emphasizes the importance of rapid and
effortless word recognition. According to this theory, when readers struggle with word identification
and decoding, their cognitive resources are overly focused on deciphering individual words, leaving
less capacity for higher-level comprehension. In other words, if readers are not automatic in
recognizing words, they may have difficulty comprehending the overall meaning of the text because
their attention is predominantly on decoding.
a. Submersion: "Submersion" is not a recognized theory related to reading. It does not relate to the
concept of focusing on word identification or comprehension difficulties.
c. Alphabetic: "Alphabetic" likely refers to alphabetic phonics, a method of teaching reading that
focuses on connecting letters to sounds. While phonics is important for word identification, the theory
of automaticity specifically addresses the challenge of word identification affecting comprehension.
d. Immersion: "Immersion" typically refers to an instructional approach where learners are fully
immersed in a language or context. It's not directly related to the concept of word identification or
comprehension difficulties.
20. John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Speech, delivered on January 20, 1961, is renowned for its vision of
American democracy and its emphasis on unity, peace, and global cooperation. In this memorable
speech, Kennedy famously said, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for
your country." This call to civic responsibility and service resonated deeply with the American public and
reflected Kennedy's vision for a new era of progress and unity.
. THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS: The Gettysburg Address is a speech delivered by President Abraham
Lincoln on November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War. It was delivered at the dedication of
the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, following the Battle of Gettysburg. In this
brief but powerful speech, Lincoln highlighted the principles of equality, liberty, and democracy,
emphasizing that the United States was a nation "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal." The Gettysburg Address has become an iconic statement
of American values and a tribute to those who fought in the Civil War.
b. John F. Kennedy’s INAUGURAL SPEECH: John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Speech was delivered on
January 20, 1961, when he became the 35th President of the United States. In this speech, Kennedy
emphasized unity, global cooperation, and the importance of civic duty. He famously said, "Ask not
what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." The speech conveyed a
vision of progress, peace, and shared responsibility, making it one of the most memorable speeches
in American history.
c. LINCOLN MEMORIAL ADDRESS: The term "Lincoln Memorial Address" is not specific to a particular
speech. However, the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., is dedicated to President Abraham
Lincoln and his legacy. The most famous event associated with the Lincoln Memorial is the 1963
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his historic "I
Have a Dream" speech.
d. Patrick Henry’s speech: Patrick Henry's speech is often referred to as the "Give me liberty, or give
me death!" speech. He delivered this impassioned speech on March 23, 1775, during the Second
Virginia Convention. In his speech, Henry urged the delegates to take decisive action against British
tyranny and prepare for war. He argued that seeking a peaceful resolution with Britain would result in
continued oppression, emphasizing that he preferred death to living without liberty.
21. a. THE REAL LEADER: There is no widely known play titled "The Real Leader" by Jose M. Hernandez
or in relation to the given context. It doesn't appear to be a recognized work.
b. PANDAY PIRA: "Panday Pira" is a historical play written by Jose M. Hernandez. The play is based on
the life of Panday Pira, a skilled blacksmith who lived during the Spanish colonial period in the
Philippines. The play explores Panday Pira's dilemma as he is commissioned to forge cannons for the
Spanish authorities, reflecting the complexities and moral conflicts faced by individuals during that
time.
c. THE FILIPINO REBEL: There is no widely known play titled "The Filipino Rebel" by Jose M. Hernandez
or associated with the given context. It doesn't appear to be a recognized work.
d. THE CRY OF THE PHILIPPINES: "The Cry of the Philippines" is not specifically recognized as a play by
Jose M. Hernandez. However, "Cry of Pugad Lawin" (Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin) refers to the initial act of
rebellion against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It was a pivotal event that marked the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spain. While it's not directly attributed to Jose M.
Hernandez, it's a significant historical event.
23. The lines from "The Ideal Wife" emphasize that while favor (charm) and beauty are fleeting and can
be deceptive, the key quality that leads to praise is a woman who fears the Lord. In this context,
"feareth" implies having reverence, respect, and obedience to the Lord's teachings and values. The word
"feareth" is used to convey the moral lesson that inner qualities and virtues, such as piety and
righteousness, are more praiseworthy than external attributes like charm or beauty.
24. b. THE HAND OF THE ENEMY: "The Hand of the Enemy" is a short story by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera.
It revolves around the life of a boy named Vicente, who lives with his grandmother after his parents'
separation. The story explores themes of family, social class, and the impact of circumstances on a
young boy's perspective.
c. A CHILD OF SORROW: "A Child of Sorrow" is a novel by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera. The novel follows
the life of Emma Mercene, who navigates love, relationships, and societal expectations. Emma's
pursuit of pure and genuine love is central to the story.
26. b. There are things which the eye cannot see.
Explanation: The quote suggests that true understanding and perception go beyond mere visual
observation. The heart, in this context, represents deeper understanding, empathy, and emotional
connection. The phrase "what is essential is invisible to the eye" implies that some of the most
important aspects of life, such as emotions, relationships, and deeper meanings, cannot be fully
grasped or appreciated through superficial visual observation alone. This sentiment aligns with the
idea that there are aspects of life that go beyond the physical and visible, highlighting the importance
of emotional and intuitive understanding.
a. Important things are visible to the eye: This is not the aspiration drawn from the quote. The quote
suggests the opposite—that important, essential things are often not visible to the eye.
c. It is better to see things with the heart: This choice captures the essence of the quote. The quote
conveys that seeing with the heart, which represents deeper understanding and empathy, is a more
profound way of perceiving the world.
d. Only the heart can see the beautiful things in life: While this choice captures the sentiment that the
heart's perception is valuable, it's a bit narrow in focus. The quote goes beyond beauty and
encompasses all that is essential, not just the beautiful things.
27. The swords symbolize the Virgin Mary’s sorrows.
Explanation: The imagery of "seven swords struck in her heart" is a reference to the traditional
Catholic devotion known as the Seven Sorrows of Mary. These sorrows represent seven moments in
the life of the Virgin Mary that brought her immense grief, such as the prophecy of Simeon, the flight
into Egypt, and witnessing the crucifixion of her son, Jesus.
In this context, the lines suggest that the "Lady" being described is likely a representation of the
Virgin Mary, who is depicted as "smiling and smart" with a gown adorned with spangles (decorative
elements). The seven swords struck in her heart symbolize her sorrows and the emotional pain she
endured throughout her life.
"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" is a narrative poem written by Robert Browning. It was
published in 1855 as part of his collection titled "Men and Women." The poem is known for its
exploration of the themes of adventure, perseverance, and the journey of self-discovery.
The poem is loosely based on the medieval ballad tradition and draws inspiration from various
sources, including Shakespeare's "King Lear." It follows the journey of the protagonist, Childe Roland,
as he embarks on a perilous quest to reach the mysterious and foreboding Dark Tower. Along the
way, he encounters various eerie and surreal landscapes, as well as grotesque and supernatural
beings.
Throughout the poem, Browning uses vivid and evocative language to create a sense of atmosphere
and psychological tension. The poem's narrative is often considered allegorical, with Childe Roland's
journey representing the challenges and obstacles one faces in the quest for self-discovery and
purpose.
"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" is renowned for its complex and enigmatic imagery, as well
as its exploration of the human psyche and the concept of the heroic journey. The poem has captured
the imagination of readers and critics alike, and it continues to be analyzed and interpreted for its rich
symbolism and thematic depth.
28. Wings" is a short poem written by the renowned French author Victor Hugo. While Victor Hugo is
most famous for his longer works such as novels like "Les Misérables" and "The Hunchback of Notre-
Dame," he also wrote various poems that reflect his philosophical and artistic sensibilities.
Here is the text of the poem "Wings" by Victor Hugo:
Be like the bird, who Halting in his flight On limb too slight Feels it give way beneath him, Yet sings
Knowing he hath wings.
The poem is a succinct expression of the idea of courage, self-belief, and determination. The bird in
the poem serves as a metaphor for individuals facing challenges and uncertainties in life. Despite the
fragility of the branch ("limb too slight") on which it lands, the bird doesn't lose hope or give up;
instead, it continues to sing and trust in its ability to fly ("Knowing he hath wings").
"Wings" conveys a powerful message about having faith in oneself and embracing the unknown with
confidence. Hugo's skillful use of metaphor and imagery captures the essence of resilience and the
human spirit. The poem encourages readers to recognize their inner potential and move forward
despite obstacles.
Though "Wings" may be shorter in length compared to some of Hugo's other works, its impact lies in
its ability to convey a universal and uplifting message in just a few lines.
29. a. Lord Byron: Lord Byron (1788–1824) was a prominent British Romantic poet known for his
dramatic and narrative poetry. He is best known for works such as "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage," which
reflects his sense of adventure and exploration. Byron's poetry often explores themes of individualism,
freedom, and the sublime, and he was a central figure in the Romantic movement.
b. Robert Herrick: Robert Herrick (1591–1674) was an English poet and cleric known for his collection
of poetry titled "Hesperides," published in 1648. His poems in "Hesperides" celebrate the beauty of
the English countryside, love, and the fleeting moments of life. Herrick's poetry is characterized by its
lyricism and vibrant imagery.
c. John Milton: John Milton (1608–1674) was an English poet, scholar, and civil servant. He is best
known for his epic poem "Paradise Lost," which retells the biblical story of the Fall of Man. Milton's
works often explore complex theological and philosophical themes, and he is considered one of the
greatest poets in the English language.
d. George Herbert: George Herbert (1593–1633) was an English metaphysical poet and priest. His
poetry is known for its religious themes and exploration of spirituality. Herbert's collection "The
Temple" features poems that reflect his deep devotion and seek to convey religious truths through
vivid and imaginative language.
"Hesperides" is a collection of poems written by the English poet Robert Herrick. Published in 1648, the
collection is known for its diverse range of lyrical verses that explore various themes, including country
life, nature, beauty, love, and morality. The title "Hesperides" refers to the mythical garden of the
Hesperides, a place of beauty and abundance in Greek mythology. Many of the poems in the collection
celebrate the simple pleasures of rural life, often focusing on the beauty of the English countryside and
its traditions. Herrick's poems are characterized by vivid imagery, a lyrical style, and an appreciation for
both the transient and enduring aspects of life.
30. Sonnet 43" is one of the most famous and celebrated sonnets written by Elizabeth Barrett
Browning. It is part of her collection "Sonnets from the Portuguese," which was published in 1850. The
sonnet is often titled "How Do I Love Thee?" and is known for its profound expression of love and
devotion.
In "Sonnet 43," the speaker presents a list of ways in which she loves her beloved, expressing that her
love is all-encompassing and boundless. The sonnet is a tribute to the depth and intensity of love, and
it serves as a declaration of the enduring nature of affection.
31. The lines from the riddle "As I was going to St. Ives I met a man with seven wives: Every wife had
seven sacks; Every sack had seven cats; Every cat had seven kits" present a riddle or a puzzle. While it
might appear that there are multiple people involved due to the repeated counts, the riddle is actually
describing the encounter with the man and his possessions.
The man with the seven wives is a singular individual, and the riddle does not describe multiple
groups of people. The riddle is a play on numbers and a classic example of a mathematical or logic
puzzle.
32. "Howards End" is a novel written by E.M. Forster and published in 1910. It is a complex and multi-
layered novel that explores themes of social class, cultural clashes, and personal relationships in
Edwardian England. The novel centers around three families: the intellectual and artistic Schlegel
sisters, the wealthy and traditional Wilcox family, and Leonard Bast, a young lower-middle-class man.
"Howards End" delves into the clashes between different social classes and the challenges of bridging
the gap between them. The Wilcox family represents the upper middle class with their business
success and materialism, while the Schlegel sisters are more intellectual and open-minded. The novel
satirizes the provincialism and prejudices of the middle class, as well as the struggle to connect on
deeper levels despite cultural differences.
Short information about the other choices:
a. WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD: This is a novel by E.M. Forster published in 1905. It explores the
clash of cultures between the English and the Italians and does not specifically focus on the manners
of the English middle class.
b. A ROOM WITH A VIEW: This is another novel by E.M. Forster, published in 1908. It deals with
themes of social conventions and personal freedom, particularly as experienced by the protagonist
Lucy Honeychurch during her travels in Italy.
c. THE LONGEST JOURNEY: This novel by E.M. Forster, published in 1907, follows the life of Rickie
Elliot as he navigates personal and societal challenges, but it does not primarily focus on satirizing
middle-class manners and prejudices.
33. The lines are a riddle that describes a coffin. The riddle uses wordplay to create a mystery by
describing the situation surrounding a coffin without explicitly naming it.

a. Poison: Poison is a substance that can cause harm or death when ingested or otherwise introduced
into the body. While the riddle involves something that was not used, it does not fit the context of
poison.
b. Gun: A gun is a weapon that can be used to fire projectiles. The riddle does not correspond to the
description of a gun.
d. Bomb: A bomb is an explosive device that can cause destruction and harm when detonated. While
the riddle involves something that was not used, it does not align with the context of a bomb.
34. d. To remember their souls in heaven
Explanation: In the poem "BARDS OF PASSION AND OF MIRTH" by John Keats, the poet addresses
various poets and bards, urging them to remember their souls in heaven. The poem emphasizes the
fleeting nature of human life and the impermanence of earthly achievements. Keats suggests that
while the poets may achieve fame and recognition on Earth, they should also keep their spiritual and
eternal perspective in mind, looking beyond their worldly successes to the realm of the divine.
For the second question: Norman Mailer's novel "THE NAKED AND THE DEAD" is considered one of
the finest novels written in America since World War II because:
b. It has documentary style, directness, and reality.
35.Explanation: "THE NAKED AND THE DEAD," written by Norman Mailer and published in 1948, is
celebrated for its realistic and gritty portrayal of the experiences of American soldiers during World
War II. The novel is known for its documentary style, vivid descriptions, and direct exploration of the
thoughts, emotions, and challenges faced by soldiers in combat. It delves into the complexities of war,
human nature, and the impact of violence on individuals and society. The novel's honest and
unflinching approach to depicting the realities of war contributed to its reputation as one of the finest
novels of its kind since World War II.
36. a. REMEMBER: "Remember" is a sonnet written by Christina Rossetti, a Victorian poet. It was
published in 1862 as part of Rossetti's collection "Goblin Market and Other Poems." The poem reflects
on themes of love, loss, and death. The speaker addresses a loved one, urging them to remember her
after she is gone. The poem's tone is both melancholic and contemplative, touching on the transient
nature of life and the enduring power of memory.
b. INVICTUS: "Invictus" is a poem by William Ernest Henley, published in 1875. The title means
"unconquered" in Latin. The poem is a declaration of inner strength and resilience. It emphasizes the
idea that, despite facing challenges and adversities, an individual has the power to control their
attitude and response. The lines "I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul" have
become particularly well-known and represent the poem's message of personal empowerment.
c. PRECIOUS STONES: There is limited information available about a poem titled "Precious Stones" by
William Ernest Henley. It does not appear to be one of his well-known works.
d. THE ALDERKING: "The Alderking" (Erlkönig) is a German ballad written by Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe. It was published in 1782 as part of Goethe's collection "Ballads and Romances." The ballad
tells the story of a supernatural figure, the Alder King, who lures a young boy into his realm. The boy's
father rides desperately through the night to save his son. The poem is known for its eerie
atmosphere and the sense of danger conveyed through its narrative.
37. "To Lucasta, Going to the Wars" is a famous poem written by Richard Lovelace, an English Cavalier
poet. The poem was published in 1649 as part of Lovelace's collection titled "Lucasta." The poem
expresses the speaker's conflicting feelings between his love for Lucasta and his duty to go to war.
The poem is often interpreted as a representation of the tension between love and duty, a common
theme in Cavalier poetry.
a. Robert Herrick: Robert Herrick was an English poet known for his collection of poems titled
"Hesperides." He is associated with the Cavalier poets and his poems often celebrate the pleasures of
life and love.
c. Thomas Carew: Thomas Carew was also an English Cavalier poet known for his elegant and witty
poetry. His works often explore themes of love, beauty, and courtly life.
d. John Sucking: John Suckling (note the correct spelling) was an English Cavalier poet and playwright
known for his contributions to the Caroline era of poetry. His works include both lyrical and dramatic
pieces.
38. Joyce Carol Oates, a prominent and prolific American writer, has been referred to as "THE DARK
LADY OF AMERICAN LETTERS" due to the thematic elements and recurring motifs in her works that
often revolve around dark, intense, and often unsettling themes. Her exploration of human psychology,
violence, and the darker aspects of human experience contribute to this title.
39. Psalm 8 is a song of joy and reverence that reflects on the greatness of God's creation and the
glory of humanity. It praises God's majesty and the beauty of the universe while contemplating the
relationship between humanity and the divine. The psalm acknowledges the honor given to humans
as stewards of creation and emphasizes the awe-inspiring nature of God's work.
a. Psalms 7: Psalm 7 is a psalm of lament and supplication, expressing a plea for God's protection and
justice.
b. Psalms 23: Psalm 23, often referred to as "The Lord is My Shepherd," is a psalm of comfort and
trust. It speaks of God's guidance, provision, and care for his people.
d. Psalms 24: Psalm 24 is a psalm that exalts the majesty and sovereignty of God as the King of Glory.
It is a psalm of worship and adoration.
40. The lines "THEY ALSO SERVE WHO ONLY STAND AND WAIT" from John Milton's "ON HIS
BLINDNESS" convey the idea that even those who are not actively engaged in action can still
contribute and serve in meaningful ways. The Filipino trait that aligns with this concept is the "Juan
Tamad" attitude, which refers to a cultural stereotype of laziness or a tendency to avoid work. The
phrase can also be understood in the context of patience, where even in waiting or appearing
inactive, individuals can still contribute positively. "ON HIS BLINDNESS" is a sonnet written by the
English poet John Milton. In this poem, Milton reflects on his own blindness, which he experienced
later in life. The poem is a contemplation of his own limitations and the challenges he faces due to his
loss of sight. He expresses a sense of frustration and a feeling that he is unable to fulfill his talents and
serve God as he had hoped.
The famous closing lines of the sonnet are "They also serve who only stand and wait," which convey
the idea that even in moments of apparent inactivity or adversity, individuals can still find a way to
contribute and serve in meaningful ways. The poem touches on themes of patience, acceptance, and
the idea that one's worth is not solely determined by outward achievements.
"ON HIS BLINDNESS" is often regarded as a meditation on the human experience of grappling with
limitations and finding purpose in the face of challenges. It reflects Milton's personal struggles while
offering a universal message of perseverance and inner strength.
44. A "creed" refers to a set of beliefs or principles that guide one's actions and worldview. The phrase
"All men are created equal" is a fundamental statement from the United States Declaration of
Independence. It expresses the belief in the equality and inherent rights of all individuals, regardless of
their background, and has become a central tenet of American democratic ideals. This phrase reflects a
core principle of the American creed, emphasizing the value of equality and human rights.
47. a. THE DIVINE COMEDY: "The Divine Comedy" is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri, an
Italian poet, in the 14th century. It is a complex allegorical work that consists of three parts: "Inferno,"
"Purgatorio," and "Paradiso." The poem follows Dante's journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven,
guided by the Roman poet Virgil and his beloved Beatrice. It explores themes of sin, redemption, and
the spiritual journey. "The Divine Comedy" is considered one of the greatest works of world literature.
b. THE NEW LIFE: "The New Life" (La Vita Nuova) is a work by Dante Alighieri, also from the 14th
century. It is a collection of poems and prose that revolves around Dante's love for Beatrice Portinari.
The work combines poetry and autobiographical narrative, chronicling Dante's emotions and
experiences in relation to his idealized love for Beatrice. "The New Life" is a precursor to Dante's later
masterpiece, "The Divine Comedy."
c. THE SONG OF ROLAND: "The Song of Roland" is an epic poem and one of the oldest and most
famous pieces of French literature. It is an epic poem that celebrates the heroic deeds of Roland, a
legendary knight who served Charlemagne. The poem is set during the Battle of Roncevaux Pass and
is known for its themes of loyalty, chivalry, and honor.
d. THE CANTERBURY TALES: "The Canterbury Tales" is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey
Chaucer in the late 14th century. The work is framed as a group of pilgrims telling stories while on a
journey to the shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury. Each pilgrim tells a tale, offering a diverse
range of narratives that showcase different aspects of medieval life, society, and human nature.
48. ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE," also known simply as "Civil Disobedience," is an essay
written by Henry David Thoreau in 1849. In this essay, Thoreau advocates for the idea that individuals
have a moral responsibility to resist unjust laws and government actions through nonviolent means,
even if it means disobeying those laws. Thoreau argues that individuals should prioritize their own
conscience and moral principles over blind obedience to the government. The essay also emphasizes
the importance of individual autonomy and the potential for social change through peaceful resistance.
a. ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: "ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE," also known as
"Civil Disobedience," is an essay written by Henry David Thoreau in 1849. The essay advocates for the
idea that individuals have a moral responsibility to resist unjust laws and government actions through
nonviolent means, even if it means disobeying those laws. Thoreau's concepts of civil disobedience
and passive resistance influenced movements for social justice and equality around the world.
b. A WEEK ON THE CONCORD AND MERRIMACK RIVERS: "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack
Rivers" is a book written by Henry David Thoreau, published in 1849. The book is based on a boat trip
Thoreau took with his brother, John, and it combines travelogue, philosophy, and reflections on
nature and life. It explores themes of transcendentalism and the relationship between humans and the
natural world.
c. WALDEN: "Walden; or, Life in the Woods" is a book written by Henry David Thoreau, published in
1854. The book is a reflection on simple living in natural surroundings and was inspired by Thoreau's
own experiences living in a cabin near Walden Pond. It delves into themes of self-sufficiency,
individualism, and the importance of connecting with nature.
d. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE: "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" is a
six-volume historical work written by Edward Gibbon, published between 1776 and 1788. It traces the
history of the Roman Empire's decline and fall from the height of its power. The work is known for its
detailed analysis of the causes of the decline and has had a significant influence on the study of
history.
49. The phrase "Kanya-Kanya" syndrome reflects a tendency or mindset of individuals to prioritize their
own interests or gains over collective well-being. In the context of the speech, Raul S. Manglapus
mentions that he chose not to make his audience cry as advised by his friend. Instead, he opted to talk
about Filipino movies. This suggests that he chose to follow his own direction or preference rather than
adhering to conventional advice. This decision aligns with the "Kanya-Kanya" syndrome, where
individuals prioritize their personal choices or objectives over external opinions or expectations.
a. "Kanya-Kanya" syndrome: The "Kanya-Kanya" syndrome is a Filipino cultural trait that reflects a self-
centered or individualistic attitude. It involves prioritizing personal interests and gains over collective
well-being or cooperation. This mindset can sometimes lead to a lack of collaboration and a focus on
individual success.
b. "Hiya": "Hiya" is a Filipino cultural concept that encompasses a sense of shame, modesty, and
sensitivity to others' opinions. It often influences behavior and interactions, encouraging individuals to
avoid actions that could bring shame to themselves or their families.
c. "Palakasan at pataasan" culture: "Palakasan at pataasan" culture refers to the practice of using
connections and influences (palakasan) and engaging in competitions to prove superiority (pataasan)
within social and organizational contexts. It can lead to favoritism and uneven opportunities based on
personal connections.
d. "Utang-na-loob": "Utang-na-loob" is a concept of gratitude and indebtedness in Filipino culture. It

emphasizes the obligation to repay or reciprocate acts of kindness or help received from others.
50. The reading and writing processes are complex cognitive activities that involve various stages and
skills. While they can be broken down into stages, these stages are not always rigidly sequential, and
they often merge and repeat. Readers and writers engage in activities such as pre-reading or pre-
writing, comprehension, interpretation, analysis, drafting, revising, editing, and more. These stages are
interrelated and may not always follow a linear sequence. For example, revising and editing in writing
can lead to new insights that require further revision, and readers may loop back to earlier stages to
clarify their understanding.
Language skills, such as reading, listening, talking, and writing, are interconnected and can influence
one another. While there are specific skills associated with each activity, they also overlap and
contribute to a comprehensive language development process.

Mix 2 Explaination

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mix 2 Explaination

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2. B. In that "In that" is used to introduce an explanation or reason for something.

In the Philippines, Human Rights Education encompasses various aspects:

D. xylem in the stem

Let's briefly explain the other options:

14. C. Mars and Jupiter

Here's an explanation for the other options:

B. thermograph A thermograph is an instrument used to measure and record changes in temperature

Here's an explanation for the other options:

D. mysterious "Mysterious" refers to something that is puzzling or not easily understood. It is

Narito ang mga paliwanag para sa iba pang mga opsyon:

B. personipikasyon Ang personipikasyon ay isang tayutay na nagbibigay ng katangian ng tao sa mga

D. paglilipat-wika Ang paglilipat-wika ay isang tayutay na naglilipat ng kahulugan mula sa isang

D. declared bankruptcy "Declared bankruptcy" refers to a financial state where a person or an

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

A. embryo An embryo is a developmental stage of a multicellular organism after fertilization and

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables computers to communicate

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

D. environmental degradation "Environmental degradation" refers to the deterioration of the

Here's an explanation for the other options:

34. A. June 19, 1861

1. 34: Full Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

35. C. The grades are very scattered.

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Narito ang paliwanag para sa iba pang mga pagpipilian:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

B. Multipurpose Cooperative: A multipurpose cooperative engages in a variety of economic

C. Marketing Cooperative: A marketing cooperative focuses on collective marketing and distribution

D. Producers Cooperative: A producers cooperative consists of individuals or businesses engaged in

C. unemployment benefits Unemployment benefits are an example of a transfer payment. These

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

C. Measurement Measurement involves assigning numerical values to quantify characteristics of

3. A. operant conditioning theory

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

Here's an explanation for the other options:

D. academic freedom Academic freedom refers to the autonomy of educational institutions

Here's an explanation for the other options:

C. criterion-related Criterion-related validity involves comparing the scores on the assessment

Here's an explanation for the other options:

A. It quickly and unobtrusively redirects misbehavior once it occurs. An effective classroom

Here's an explanation for the other options:

C. integrated "Integrated" refers to the incorporation of different subjects or disciplines to create

Froebel's approach to education emphasized the following principles:

Cognitive development is influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, social

Let's briefly explain the other options as well:

B. achievement test: An achievement test is a standardized test designed to measure a student's

Let's explain the other choices:

A. picture: A picture, such as a photograph or an illustration, can provide a two-dimensional view of

Let's explain the other choices:

Let's briefly explain the other choices:

B. Empiricist: Empiricism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of sensory

D. Skeptic: Skepticism involves a questioning or doubting attitude towards knowledge, beliefs, or

Let's briefly explain the other choices:

Let's briefly explain the other choices:

c. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is a poem by