 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬   ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬،  ‫א‬ 
 W،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?   ? ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ١١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬١ J١
 ١٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW‫א‬٢ J١
 ١٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬٣ J١
 ١٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW‫א‬٤ J١
 ١٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬٥ J١
 ١٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١
 ١٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬٧ J١
 ١٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 ٢٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ٢٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ٢٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ٢٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ٢٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
 ٢٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
 ٣٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
 ٣٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
 ٣٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
 ٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢
 ٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٢
٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬٢ J٧ J٢
 ٣٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧ J٢
 ٤٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٢
 ٤٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬٩ J٢
٤٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬١ J٩ J٢
 ٤٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٢

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬٣ J٩ J٢

 ٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٢
 ٥١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 ٥٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ٥٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ٥٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬
 ٥٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ٥٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬١ J٣
 ٦٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
 ٦٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣
 ٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 ٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣
 ٦٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣
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 ٦٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٣
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 ٦٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE X F‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٣
 ٦٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KKE R F‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧ J٣
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 ٦٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٣

 ٧٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٩

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J٣
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 ٧٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E X F‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩ J٣

 ٧٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٣

٨١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬١٠

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J٣
 ٨٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١ J٣
٨٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣
٨٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬١ J١٢ J٣
٨٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١٢ J٣
٨٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١٢ J٣

٩٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE p F‫א‬‫א‬١٣ J٣

٩٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J٣

٩٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE C F ‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٣

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٩٩  K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬E C F‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J٣

١٠٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧-٣
 ١٠٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 ١١٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ١١٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ١٢١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ١٢٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤
 ١٢٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤
 ١٢٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤
 ١٢٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٤
 ١٢٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٤
 ١٢٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤
 ١٢٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K٤ J٤
 ١٢٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٤
 ١٢٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK٢ J٤ J٤
 ١٣٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٤
 ١٣٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬٥ J٤
 ١٣٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬١ J٥ J٤
 ١٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬٢ J٥ J٤
 ١٣٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J٤
 ١٣٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤
 ١٣٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J٤
 ١٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٤
 ١٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦ J٤
 ١٤٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٤
 ١٤١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٤
 ١٤٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬٢ J٧ J٤
 ١٤٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧ J٤
 ١٤٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٤
 ١٤٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٨ J٤
 ١٤٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨ J٤
 ١٤٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٨ J٤
 ١٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٤

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩ J٤

 ١٤٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٤
 ١٥٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩ J٤
 ١٥٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 ١٥٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ١٥٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ١٦١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
١٦٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٦٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥
١٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬١ J١ J٥
١٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٥
١٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٥
١٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J٥
١٦٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬٥ J١ J٥
١٦٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١ J٥
١٦٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
١٦٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٥
١٧١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٥
١٧١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٥
١٧٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥
١٧٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥
١٧٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٥
١٧٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J٥
١٧٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J٥
١٨١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
١٨٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
 ١٨٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ١٨٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
١٨٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦
 ١٨٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٦
 ١٩٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٦
 ١٩٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٦
١٩١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٩١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦

١٩٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦
194 K K K K K K K K K KE R F‫א‬E X F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
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J٤ J٦

١٩٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ECpF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٦

 ١٩٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٦
١٩٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ ١- ٦-٦
١٩٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢- ٦-٦
١٩٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣- ٦-٦
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١٩٨  K K K K E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤- ٦-٦
٢٠٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ECpF‫א‬‫א‬ ٥- ٦-٦
٢٠١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
٢٠٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٠٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
٢٠٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٠٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬١ J٧
٢١٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧
٢١٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧
٢١٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٧
٢١٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J٧
٢١٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٧
٢٢٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J٧
٢٢٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
٢٢٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٢٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
٢٢٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٢٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬١ J٨
٢٣١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨
٢٣١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٨
٢٣٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٨

٢٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ - ٨
٢٣٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٨

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٣٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J٨

٢٣٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٨
٢٣٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦ J٨
٢٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٨
٢٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٨
٢٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬٢ J٧ J٨
٢٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬٣ J٧ J٨
٢٣٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬٤ J٧ J٨
٢٣٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٧ J٨
٢٣٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٨
٢٤٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
٢٤٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٤٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
٢٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٤٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩
٢٥١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬٢ J٩
 ٢٥٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩
 ٢٥٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٩
 ٢٥٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬٥ J٩
 ٢٥٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬٦ J٩
 ٢٥٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬
 ٢٥٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٦١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
٢٦٢ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
٢٦٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 

 

 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
{‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  { ‫א‬  ‫א‬     W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ { ‫א‬  { ‫א‬  { ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٩-
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬            
K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٪100‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 

 W‫א‬١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
- ١٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٢ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬٣ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ -‫ب‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫د‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬٤ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٧ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF

‫א‬،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF
 

 W‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 
W‫א‬E‫א‬F
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٤ EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬EF
EF K J٢ EF K J١
EF K J٤ EF K J٣
 
W‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٤ EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬ (‫)أ‬
K (‫)ب‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)د‬

 
 W‫א‬E٥F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬ -٥

 WE٦F
‫؟‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)د‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

- ٢١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤٢٤L١L٢٧‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫א‬،‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬
 

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

- ٢٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K‫א‬ J٣ EF

K J٤ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ EF


 

- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

- ٢٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٪100‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

،‫א‬‫א‬،

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K

‫א‬W‫א‬ (‫)د‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬EF
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
Egm‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١ J٢F‫א‬

- ٢٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


10/11/1434W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
12 :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
٥٧111W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
105W‫א‬ EFW‫א‬

72 60 61 63 66 70 64 72 65 68
67 69 68 64 68 70 65 68 70 66
74 66 68 65 69 66 64 72 61 62
66 71 66 71 70 66 70 68 69 66
73 61 66 63 66 67 71 73 64 68
66 71 67 71 68 69 66 71 70 69
74 63 64 70 66 67 65 74 68 69
66 71 70 70 67 68 66 70 66 70
66 71 68 70 66 68 66 67 67 69
63 66 68 65 67 64 67 63 63 65

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

……… ……… 10/11/1422

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٣٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E100F‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
،‫א‬E62-60F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEgm‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E62-60F
 KE5F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
5 62-60
18 65-63
42 68-66
27 71-69
8 74-72
100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢ J٢F

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬       -١
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ERange RF
 ‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
R  74  60  14 gm
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
   ‫א‬  K‫א‬   E5:20F   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
14 
 C  2.8 gm E5FE١ J٣F
5
(60)‫א‬K(2gmF‫א‬،E C 3 gm ‫א‬
‫א‬   E2F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

- ٣١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬    ،E 62F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ (59.5) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E62 J60F  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬(62.5)‫א‬
 

K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣ J٢F‫א‬
E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

5 62.5-59.5 62-60

18 65.5-62.5 65-63

42     68.5-65.5 68-66

27  71.5-68.5 71-69

8 74.5-71.5 74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٣-٢F
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.‫ ( ﻣﺮآﺰهﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ وﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻃﻮل ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬X  ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ )ﻣﺤﻮر‬
‫ وﺣﻴﺚ إن اﻟﻔﺌﺎت آﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﻮل ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎد أن ﺗﺆﺧﺬ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺮارات اﻟﻔﺌﺎت‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١ J٢F  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F
 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬

- ٣٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E67 gmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K X 
 
 K10, 12, 5, 4, 9 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
N
Xi
X
i 1
N

- ٣٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

X =‫א‬
X = (i) ‫א‬‫א‬
i

N = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1012 5 4  9
 X   8 mm
5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ f ,f ,f
1 2 3
,...., f
N
‫א‬‫א‬ X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ,...., X N
 W‫א‬
N
 f jX j
X
j 1
N

j
f
1
j

 
N
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=  f
j
j 1

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
N
 f jX j
j 1
X 
N
f j
j 1

 K[‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E f j F‫א‬E Xj F‫א‬‫א‬] ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 

- ٣٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E f j
F‫א‬‫א‬ EEEgmF‫א‬FF‫א‬

5 62-60

18 65-63

42 68-66

27 71-69

8  74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

= ‫א‬‫א‬
N
 f jX j
j 1
X 
N
f j
j 1


‫א‬ Xj = (j )
‫א‬‫א‬ = (j)  f j
 ‫א‬= N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٣٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

f j
x X j ( X j ) ‫א‬ E f F‫א‬‫א‬ EgmF‫א‬‫א‬
j

305 61 5 62-60

1152 64 18 65-63

2814 67 42 68-66

1890 70 27 71-69

584 73 8 74-72

6745 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 100 ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

 

= ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 6745
X 67.45 gm
100

- ٣٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٢ J٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  Xmed{E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

10, 9, EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K8, 7, 6
W Xmed‫א‬
X med  8 m
 
9, 11, EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K13, 15
W Xmed‫א‬
1311
X med  12 m
2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ f ,f ,f
1 2 3
,...., f ‫א‬‫א‬ X , X , X
N 1 2 3
,...., X N

 W
 
 f 1 
 N

2
X med  L1  
 c
 f med 
 
 
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= L1
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ = N
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ =  f 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= f med
‫א‬‫א‬ = c

- ٣٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 

‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
( f ) ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
j
EgmF‫א‬

5 62-60

18 65-63

42 68-66

27 71-69

8 74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬E٦٨ J٦٦F‫א‬100‫א‬‫א‬ 
 50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬
 
 f 1 
 N

2
X med  L1  
 c
 f med 
 
 
 100 
 518 
2
X med  65.5     3  67.43 gm
 42 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  X mod e ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K10, 9, 8,7, 7, 6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

:‫א‬‫א‬

X mod e  7 m  

‫א‬،10, 9, 8, 7, 6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬،6, 5, 5,4, 4, 3,2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

4,5 ‫א‬ X mod e  5 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X mod e  4 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ f ,f ,f
1 2 3
,...., f ‫א‬‫א‬ X , X , X
N 1 2 3
,...., X N

 W
1
X mod e  L1     c
1   2 
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= L 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ =  2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = c
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 
 
 

- ٤٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
( f ) ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
j
EgmF‫א‬

5 62-60

18 65-63

42 68-66

27 71-69

8 74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
E٦٨ J٦٦F‫א‬E42Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W X mod e ‫א‬‫א‬

  X mod e  L1   1   c
   
1 2
4218
X mod e  65.5     3  67.35 gm
4218 42 27 

- ٤١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E67gmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬٩ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬١ J٩ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
100, 88, 91, 94, 90 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K88،100،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R= 100-88 = 12 liters
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 

‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
( f ) ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
j
EgmF‫א‬

5 62-60

18 65-63

42 68-66

27 71-69

8 74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٤٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

‫ א‬R=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R= 74-60 = 14 gm
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(N-1) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(N<30) ‫א‬N N 
‫א‬‫א‬(N>30) ‫א‬N ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
N ___ 2
(X i X )
S i 1
N 1

‫ א‬X =
‫א‬‫א‬ Xi = (i)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N =
  3.3, 3.6, 3.4, 3.7 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KE  F
 ‫א‬‫א‬

3.7 3.43.63.3
X  3.5 
4

- ٤٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
2
   __
  __ 
Xi X  Xi X  X
   
i

+0.04 +0.2 3.7

+0.01 ‐0.1 3.4

+0.01 +0.1 3.6

+0.04 ‐0.2 3.3

+0.1 0 ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
 
 KE  F‫א‬E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N ___ 2
(X i X ) 0.1  0.18
  S i 1 
N 1
3    
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ f ,f ,f
1 2 3
,...., f ‫א‬‫א‬ X , X , X
N 1 2 3
,...., X N

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N ___ 2
 f j(X j X )
S j 1
N
f j
j 1

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 f ,f ,f
1 2 3
,...., f ،‫א‬‫א‬ X , X , X
N 1 2 3
,...., X N  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 

( f j
)‫א‬‫א‬ EgmF‫א‬‫א‬

5 62-60

18 65-63

42 68-66

27 71-69

8 74-72

100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  X ‫א‬‫א‬
N
 f jXj
X
j 1
N
f j
j 1

 
 ‫א‬ X j = ( j )
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

f j
x X j ( X j ) ‫א‬ ( f j
) ‫א‬‫א‬ EgmF‫א‬‫א‬

305 61 5 62-60

1152 64 18 65-63

2814 67 42 68-66

1890 70 27 71-69

584 73 8 74-72

6745 100
 

 
6745
X   67.45 gm
100
 E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N ___ 2
 f j( X j  X )
 S  j 1
N
f j
j 1

 

‫א‬ X j = ( j )

‫א‬‫א‬ f j = ( j )
 
 

- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2 2 ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
 __   __   __  ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
f  X j X   X j X   X j X  ( X j) EgmF‫א‬
      ( f )
j
j

208.01 41.60 ‐6.45 61 5 62-60

214.24 11.90 ‐3.45 64 18 65-63

8.50 0.20 ‐0.45 67 42 68-66

175.56 6.50 2.55 70 27 71-69

246.42 30.80 5.55 73 8 74-72

852.75 100
 
 
 WE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

852 . 75
S   8 . 5275  2 . 92 gm
100

- ٤٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٣ J٩ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E S 2 F‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
N ___ 2
 ( X i X ) 0 .1
S  2 i 1   0 . 33 
N 1
3  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
N ___ 2
 f j( X j X )
j 1 852 . 75
S 2    8 . 52 gm
N
 f 100
j
j 1

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٢
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -١
 KE 68 gm – 66 g F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K(74 gm:60 gm)‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ -٣
62.5  F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
KE1.5 gm٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Egm

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F
 KE٪87F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٪13F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

- ٤٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٪5F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E % 8 F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٦

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٩

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٠
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٢
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١٣
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٤
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١٦

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١٧
K‫א‬
 

‫א‬E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E S 2 F‫א‬W‫א‬ .١٩

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٥٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،
K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬
 

‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

- ٥٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬ J٣
 

 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ح‬

 
 WE٥F
K‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬ -٤
 
 WE٦F
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

 

- ٥٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
%8.6, W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K%8.9, %8.5, %8.7 %8.8,

‫א‬20‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 EcmF‫א‬
٧ ١١ ٧ ٣ ١٤ ٣ ١٨ ١٣ ١٠ ١٤
١٦ ٨ ١٥ ١٢ ٥ ١٥ ١١ ١٢ ٦ ١١
 E1-5, 6-10, 11-15،16-20FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
 K‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬EF
 10 cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
16cm

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ B A{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{3.5 m‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 

B A

‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
( f ) ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ( f ) ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
j
EmF‫א‬ j
EmF‫א‬

23 3.2‐3.0 15 3.2‐3.0

42 3.5‐3.3 28 3.5‐3.3

57 3.8‐3.6 52 3.8‐3.6

33 4.1‐3.9 37 4.1‐3.9

20 4.4‐4.2 18 4.4‐4.2


175 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 150
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 

 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K EF

K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬ EF

K EF
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ EF

 K‫א‬ J٣ EF



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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
( X )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬ESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( R )‫א‬
( R )‫א‬( X )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬ESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬( C )‫א‬
‫א‬E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( C )
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪100 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K( R )‫א‬( X )‫א‬‫א‬  J
K( R )‫א‬( X )‫א‬‫א‬  J
KESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( X )‫א‬‫א‬  J
KESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( X )‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
E p F‫א‬‫א‬  J
E p F‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
( C )‫א‬‫א‬  J
( C )‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 

 

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WKK‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E X F‫א‬،‫א‬
E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١ J٣F

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F
(0.00135)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 3 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E X F‫א‬‫א‬
،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J٣F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F
 K‫א‬E  3 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 

‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E C F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
،‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6

- ٦٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  E X F    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E R F ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     ‫א‬‫א‬       
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
___
 WE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٣
___
‫א‬‫א‬ E R F‫א‬ E X F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ٦٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
 WE X F‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٣
___
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F 
___
 WE X F
 W‫א‬WE X F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
N
X j
j 1
X 
N
 
K‫א‬  X =
K‫א‬  N =
‫א‬ ( j )  X j =
n
Xi
X j
i 1
n
 
‫א‬‫א‬ X i = ( i )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n =
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WUCL x ‫א‬‫א‬
UCLx  X  A2 R
 W LCL x ‫א‬‫א‬
LCL x  X  A2 R
 

R = 
K‫א‬
A2 = K‫א‬‫א‬
 E١ J٣F‫א‬
 

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  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

n
A2 D3 D4
‫א‬
2 1.88 0 3.267
3 1.023 0 2.575
4 1.729 0 2.282
5 0.577 0 2.115
6 0.483 0 2.004
7 0.419 0.076 1.924
8 0.373 0.136 1.864
9 0.337 0.184 1.816
10 0.368 0.223 1.777
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 
 
 

 WE R F‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧ J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R F‫א‬ 
 WE R F
 
 W‫א‬WE R F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
N

 Rj
R N
J 1

 
K‫א‬  R =
K‫א‬  N =
‫א‬ R j = ( j )
R j  X L X S

- ٦٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X L =
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X S =
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WEUCL R F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL R  D 4 R
 WE LCL R F‫א‬‫א‬
LCLR  D3 R
 
K‫א‬  R 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  D 3, D 4 
 E١ J٣F‫א‬

___
 WE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٣
E X F،E R F 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J1
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J2
E5F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   E20F    
 KE٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

- ٦٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


1421/9/7W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ : ‫اﻟﻘ‬
111W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
105W‫א‬ E FW‫א‬

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
1 18 20 18 18 17
2 13 13 10 18 18
3 15 14 16 16 14
4 21 18 18 14 18
5 15 16 15 15 15
6 19 18 18 21 15
7 16 15 17 17 17
8 18 14 19 21 19
9 17 17 17 17 15
10 20 18 19 22 16
11 15 16 15 16 16
12 19 18 18 19 15
13 17 17 17 16 15
14 18 19 20 17 15
15 16 16 15 15 15
16 18 16 18 15 15
17 17 15 16 16 15
18 19 17 20 18 18
19 16 16 16 16 16
20 17 19 19 19 19
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
……… ……… 1421/9/7

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
___
 W‫א‬E X F،E R F J٣

- ٧٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
‫א‬    ‫א‬ E X F ، E R F‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
n
Xi
Xi 
i1
n
W‫א‬‫א‬

X  18  20  18  18  17  91  18 . 2 gm
1
5 5
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R j  X L X S
 W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢ J٣F‫א‬

E A2 , D3, D 4 F‫א‬‫א‬En = 5F‫א‬

 E١ J٣F
A2  0.577
.

D3  0
D 4  2.115
___
E X F‫א‬‫א‬
N
 X j
 X  j 1
 337 . 2 16 . 86 gm
N 20

- ٧١ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E R F‫א‬‫א‬
N
 Rj
R N
j 1
 67  3.35 gm
20

1421/9/7W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
111W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
105W‫א‬ EFW‫א‬

___
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X R
1 18 20 18 18 17 18.2 3
2 13 13 10 18 18 14.4 8
3 15 14 16 16 14 15.0 2
4 21 18 18 14 18 17.8 7
5 15 16 15 15 15 .2٥1 1
6 19 18 18 21 15 18.2 6
7 16 15 17 17 17 16.4 2
8 18 14 19 21 19 18.2 7
9 17 17 17 17 15 16.6 2
10 20 18 19 22 16 19.0 6
11 15 16 15 16 16 15.6 1
12 19 18 18 19 15 17.8 ٤
13 17 17 17 16 15 16.4 2
14 18 19 20 17 15 17.8 5
15 16 16 15 15 15 15.4 1
16 18 16 18 15 15 16.4 3
17 17 15 16 16 15 15.8 2
18 19 17 20 18 18 18.4 3
19 16 16 16 16 16 16.0 0
20 17 19 19 19 19 18.6 2
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬ 337.2 67
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 16.86 35.3

- ٧٢ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

……… ……… 1421/9/7

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F
___
 WE X FEUCLX F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL  X  A R  16.86  (0.577)(3.35) 18.79 gm
X 2

___
 WE X FE LCL X F‫א‬‫א‬
LCL  X  A R  16.86  (0.577 )(3.35) 14 .93 gm
X 2

 WE R FEUCL R F‫א‬‫א‬

 

UCL  D R  2.115(3.35)7.09 gm
R 4

 WE R FE LCL R F‫א‬‫א‬

 

LCL  D R  (0)(3.35)0 gm .
R 3

 W‫א‬ J4
___
‫א‬E R F،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٣FE٣ J٣F
 
 

- ٧٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ___
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) X (E٣ J٣F
 

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R FE٤ J٣F

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
___
E2F‫א‬‫א‬E X F،E R F‫א‬ 
،‫א‬E2F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬E2F‫א‬ 
 

- ٧٤ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
 W‫א‬‫א‬E X F،E R F‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE19F‫א‬
___
 E X F‫א‬‫א‬
N

X
X   322 .8 16.99 gm
j
j 1

N 19
E R F‫א‬‫א‬
N

R
59  j

R N  3.1 gm
j 1

19
 
___
 WE X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

UCL  X  A R  16 .99  (0.577 )(3.1) 18 .78 gm

X 2

 

  LCL X  X  A2 R  16.99  (0.577)(3.1) 15.2 gm .

 

 WE R F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

UCL  D R  2.115(3.1)6.56 gm .
R 4

LCL  D R  (0)(3.1)0 gm
R 3

 
W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
E٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٦ J٣F{E٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 1421/9/12W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠ :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
150W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
109W‫א‬ EFW‫א‬

___
‫م‬ X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X R
1 17 19 19 19 19 18.6 2
2 18 20 18 18 17 18.2 3
3 16 16 16 16 16 16 0
4 18 17 19 19 19 18.4 2
5 19 17 20 18 18 18.4 3
6 15 14 16 16 14 15 2
7 17 15 16 16 15 15.8 2
8 21 18 18 14 18 17.8 7
9 18 16 18 15 15 16.4 6
10 15 16 15 15 15 15.2 1
11 16 16 15 15 15 15.4 1
12 19 18 18 21 15 18.2 6
13 18 19 20 17 15 17.8 5
14 16 15 17 17 17 16.4 2
15 17 17 17 16 15 16.4 2
16 18 14 19 21 19 18.2 7
17 19 18 18 19 15 17.8 6
18 17 17 17 17 15 16.6 2
19 15 16 15 16 16 15.6 1
20 20 18 19 22 16 19 6

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

……… ……… 1421/9/12

 

- ٧٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F
 E‫א‬
 
 

___
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) X (E٥ J٣F
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R FE٦ J٣F
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٧ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
___

 WESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٣
___

‫א‬‫א‬ ESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E X F‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
___
 WE X F‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩ J٣
___
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F 
___
 WE X F
 W‫א‬WE X F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
N
X j
j 1
X 
N
 
K‫א‬  X =
K‫א‬  N =
‫א‬ ( j )  X j =
n
Xi
X  i 1
j
n
 
‫א‬‫א‬ X i = ( i )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n =

- ٧٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WUCL x ‫א‬‫א‬
UCL x  X  A3 S
 W LCL x ‫א‬‫א‬
  LCLx  X  A3 S
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  S =
E٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ A3 =

n
A3 B3 B4
‫א‬
2 2.659 0 3.267
3 1.954 0 2. 568
4 1.628 0 2.266
5 1.427 0 2.089
6 1.287 0.030 1.970
7 1.182 0.118 1.882
8 1.099 0.185 1.815
9 1.032 0.239 1.761
10 0.975 0.284 1.716
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F
 

 WESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٣
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ESF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WESF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE S F‫א‬‫א‬ J١

- ٧٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

N
Sj
S  J 1
N
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  S =
K‫א‬  N =
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S j = ( j )
 ‫א‬‫א‬ S j 
2
1 n  ___ 
Sj    X i  X j 
n 1i 1
 
W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= n
‫א‬‫א‬= i
i  1,2,3,..... n
‫א‬‫א‬ X i = ( i )
‫א‬ ( j )  X j =
n
Xi
X j
i 1
n
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WEUCL S F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL S  B 4 S
 WE LCL S F‫א‬‫א‬
LCLS  B3 S
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=  S
E٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=  B 3, B 4
 

- ٨٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
 WESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬E X F،E S F
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J2
‫א‬E5F‫א‬E20F
  KE٦ J٣F‫א‬

 
1424/3/28W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
EF ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
50 :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
٣٣٣W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٣W‫א‬ ‫ א‬W‫א‬

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
1 20 18 18 17 18
2 13 13 10 18 18
3 14 15 16 14 16
4 18 21 18 18 14
5 16 15 15 15 15
6 18 19 18 15 21
7 15 16 17 17 17
8 14 18 19 19 21
9 17 17 17 15 17
10 18 20 19 16 22
11 16 15 15 16 16
12 18 19 18 15 19
13 17 17 17 15 16
14 19 18 20 15 17
15 16 16 15 15 15
16 16 18 18 15 15
17 15 17 16 15 16
- ٨١ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

18 17 19 20 18 18
19 16 16 16 16 16
20 19 17 19 19 19

‫א‬
 ‫א‬
……… ……… 1424/3/28

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F
___
 W‫א‬E X F،E S F J٣
‫א‬    ‫א‬  E X F،E S F ‫א‬    
___

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N
 X j
j 1
X 
j
n
W‫א‬‫א‬
18  20  18  18  17  91  18 . 2 gm .
X 1 5 5
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
1 n  ___ 
  
n  1 i  X i X j 
S j

 1

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1  2
S1   18  18 . 2 2  20  18 . 2 2  18  18 . 2 2  18  18 . 2 2   17  18 . 2    1 . 0954 gm

5 1    


   K‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E5 J٣FE A3, B 3, B 4 F‫א‬‫א‬En = 5F‫א‬

A  1.427
3 B 03 B  2 . 089
4

 E X F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٢ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

X337 . 2 j

X 
j 1
16 . 86 gm

N 20
 E S F‫א‬‫א‬
N
S
  
j 1
j


27 . 4145  1 . 3707 gm
S N 20

1424/3/28W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ‬
EF ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
50 : ‫اﻟﻘ‬
٣٣٣W‫א‬ 100 WL‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٣W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬
S
___

‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X
1 20 18 18 17 18 18.2 1.0954
2 13 13 10 18 18 14.4 3.3166
3 14 15 16 14 16 15.0 0.9574
4 18 21 18 18 14 17.8 2.8723
5 16 15 15 15 15 .2٥1 0.4472
6 18 19 18 15 21 18.2 2.1679
7 15 16 17 17 17 .4٦1 0.8944
8 14 18 19 19 21 18.2 2.5884
9 17 17 17 15 17 .6٦1 0.8944
10 18 20 19 16 22 .0٩1 2.2361
11 16 15 15 16 16 15.6 0.5477
12 18 19 18 15 19 17.8 1.6432
13 17 17 17 15 16 16.4 0.8944
14 19 18 20 15 17 17.8 1.9235
15 16 16 15 15 15 15.4 0.5477
16 16 18 18 15 15 16.4 1.5166
17 15 17 16 15 16 15.8 0.8367
18 17 19 20 18 18 18.4 1.1402
19 16 16 16 16 16 16.0 0.0000
20 19 17 19 19 19 18.6 0.8944
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬ 337.2 27.4145
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 16.86 1.3707

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

- ٨٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

……… ……… 1424/3/28

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F
 
___
 WE X FEUCLX F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL X  X  A S  16 .86  (1.427 )(1.3707 ) 18 .816 gm
3

___
 WE X FE LCL X F‫א‬‫א‬
  LCL X  X  A S  16.86  (1.427)(1.3707 ) 14.904 gm
3

 

 WE S FEUCL S F‫א‬‫א‬

 UCLS  B4 S  (2.089)(1.3707)  2.8634 gm

 WE S FE LCL S F‫א‬‫א‬

  LCLS  B3 S  (0)(1.3707) 0 gm
 
 

 W‫א‬ J4
___
‫א‬E S F،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
{E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٣F
 
 

- ٨٤ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
___

 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F) X (E٧ J٣F

 

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٣F

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
___
E2F‫א‬‫א‬E X F،E S F‫א‬ 
،‫א‬E2F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬E2F‫א‬ 
 

- ٨٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
 W‫א‬‫א‬E S F،E X F‫א‬ J7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE19F‫א‬
 

___
 E X F‫א‬‫א‬
N

X
X   322 .8 16.99 gm .
j
j 1

N 19
 E S F‫א‬‫א‬
N

S 24 .0979 
S  N 
j
j 1
1.268 gm .
19
 
___
 WE X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 UCL X  XA S  16 .99  (1.427 )(1.268) 18 .799 gm
 3

LCL  X  A S  16 .99  (1.427 )(1.268) 15 .181 gm

X 3

 

WE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
UCL  B4 S  (2.089)(1.268)2.649 gm
S

LCL  B3 S  (0)(1.268)0 gm
S

W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
___
E S F،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
___
 X ‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬
 E R ‫א‬
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9

- ٨٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

___
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E S F،E X F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E p F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E C F
W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣‫א‬‫א‬
 K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
- ٨٧ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١٢ J٣
‫א‬nhE‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٥F
h
P( E ) 
n
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،100‫א‬
 WDefective (D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  P ( D )  10  0 . 1
100
 WGood (G)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  P ( G )  90  0 . 9
100
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 K2.108 (m)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
 KEF15‫א‬‫א‬W
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١٢ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

- ٨٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1
Y 
1
 ( X   )2  2

e 2

 2
 
‫=א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫=א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬
d  n!
P   p  d (1  p ) n  d
 n  d ! ( n  d )!
 
d 
P 
n
n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬d‫א‬
 = p
    p  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫=א‬   p(1 p)
n
 KE p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 W‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(c ) c e  c
P (c ) 
c!
 
‫א‬c=
‫א‬ c =
    c  ‫א‬ 

    c  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE c F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 E p F‫א‬‫א‬١٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬
 WE p F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬‫ א‬-١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N
 Dj
j 1
p N
 nj
j 1
 
K‫א‬  p =
‫א‬= N
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  D j = ( j )
‫א‬ = ( j ) nj
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٩٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

N
 pj
j 1
p 
N
‫א‬  p j = ( j )

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WEUCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

UCL p  p  3 p
 
 p

 3
p (1  p ) 

 n 
 

 
K‫א‬  p =
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ p =
‫א‬  n =
 
 WE LCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL p  p  3 p
 
 p

 3
p (1  p ) 

 n 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
p(1 p)
 
p
n
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩١ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬E p F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

،E25F‫א‬W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬،E1000F
 KE٨ J٣F

- ٩٢ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

1427/6/2 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
(٣) ‫اﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻠ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
70٣W‫א‬
‫اﻟﻘ‬ 1000 WL‫א‬‫א‬
50٨W‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

EjF‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Pj 
1 1000 8 0.008
2 1000 18 0.018
3 1000 20 0.020
4 1000 22 0.022
5 1000 26 0.026
6 1000 60 0.060 ‫ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم ردﻳﺌﺔ‬
7 1000 52 0.052 ‫ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم ردﻳﺌﺔ‬
8 1000 26 0.026
9 1000 16 0.016
10 1000 46 0.046
11 1000 68 0.068 ‫ﻇﺮوف ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‬
12 1000 50 0.050
13 1000 36 0.036
14 1000 24 0.024
15 1000 22 0.022
16 1000 16 0.016
17 1000 28 0.028
18 1000 42 0.042
19 1000 50 0.050
20 1000 36 0.036
21 1000 28 0.028
22 1000 16 0.016
23 1000 36 0.036
24 1000 38 0.038
25 1000 16 0.016

‫א‬
   ‫א‬
……… ……… 1427/6/2

 E25F‫א‬E٨ J٣F

- ٩٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫ א‬E p F J3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E p F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Dj
Pj
nj
 
K‫א‬  ( j ) P j =
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  D j = ( j )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  n j = ( j )
 () p ‫א‬‫א‬
N
 Dj
j 1
p N
 nj
J 1
800
  0.032
251000
 WEUCL F‫א‬‫א‬
p

UCL p
 p  3 p

 WE LCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL p
 p  3 p

 E 3 p F

 p (1  p )   0 . 032 (1  0 . 032 ) 
3  3  3    0 . 018

p  n   1000 
 
 
 
 WEUCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٤ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

UCL p
 p  3 p

 0.032 0.018
 0.05
 

 WE LCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL  p  3
p p

 0.0320.018
 0.014

E p F‫א‬E٩ J٣F

 W‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE9 J3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
(7),(6)‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬
‫א‬(11)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٩٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K(11),(7),(6) ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E p F J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(22)‫א‬
N
 Dj
j 1 620
p   0.028
N 221000
 nj
J 1
 WEUCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

UCL p
 p  3 p

 WE LCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL p
 p  3 p

 ) 3 p (
  
   0.028(10.028) 
 3
p(1 p)    
3   3   0.015
p
 n   1000 
   
 
 WEUCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

UCL p
 p  3  0.028  0.015  0.043
p

 
 WE LCL p F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL  p  3p p

 0.028  0.015  0.013

 

- ٩٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
E٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

1427/6/5 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
( )‫ﺎ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٣١٨ ‫اﻟﻘ‬
W‫א‬ 1000 WL‫א‬‫א‬
٨٨٥W‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

EjF‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Pj 
1 1000 16 0.016
2 1000 8 0.008
3 1000 18 0.018
4 1000 38 0.038
5 1000 36 0.036
6 1000 22 0.022
7 1000 26 0.026
8 1000 36 0.036
9 1000 16 0.016
10 1000 30 0.030
11 1000 40 0.040
12 1000 32 0.032
13 1000 28 0.028
14 1000 16 0.016
15 1000 36 0.036
16 1000 26 0.026
17 1000 20 0.020
18 1000 23 0.023
19 1000 19 0.019
20 1000 22 0.022
21 1000 17 0.017
22 1000 26 0.026
23 1000 30 0.030
24 1000 20 0.020
25 1000 22 0.022

‫א‬
   ‫א‬
……… ……… 1427/6/5

 E25F‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٣F
- ٩٧ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬ J9
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬E١٠ J٣F

 

 E C F‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E C F
 WE C F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E C F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
N
cj
C  N
j 1

 
K‫א‬‫א‬  C 

‫א‬‫א‬  c j = ( j )

- ٩٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬= N
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 WEUCL c F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL  C  3
c c

C 3 C
 
K‫א‬‫א‬  C 

 
 WE LCLc F‫א‬‫א‬
LCL  C  3
c c

 C 3 C
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 c
 C
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E C F‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J٣
E C F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J1
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J2
،‫א‬‫א‬E25F‫א‬ 
 E١٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 

- ٩٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

1428/3/20 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
(٢) ‫ﺎﺋ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠W٣‫א‬
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ٢٥WW‫ א‬
١٦٠٠W‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫ א‬

  
EjF‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
1 12
2 13
3 10
4 15
5 10
6 9
7 11
8 15
9 13
10 12
11 25 ‫وﺟﻮد أﻋﻄﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
12 11
13 9
14 10
15 7
16 11
17 9
18 13
19 8
20 15
21 12
22 13
23 10
24 15
25 12

‫א‬
   ‫א‬
……… ……… 1428/3/20

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٣F

- ١٠٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫ א‬E C F J٣

 () C ‫א‬‫א‬
N

 C j
300
C 
j 1
  12 defects
N 25
 WEUCL F‫א‬‫א‬
c

UCL c
 C  3 c

 WE LCL F‫א‬‫א‬

c

  LCL c
 C  3 c

 ( 3 )
c

3 c
 3 C  3 12  10 . 38 defects
 WEUCL F‫א‬‫א‬
c

UCL c  C  3  c

 C  3 C  12  10 . 38  22 . 38 defects

 WE LCLc F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL c
 C  3 3  c

 C  3 C  12  10 . 38  1 . 62 defects

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(C)‫א‬E١١ J٣ F
 

- ١٠١ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١١ J٣F
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
(11)‫א‬‫א‬E C F‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K(11) ‫א‬ 
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬E C F J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K(24) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 () C ‫א‬‫א‬
N

c 275
 11.46
j
j 1

C N 24
 WEUCL c F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL  C  3
c c

 WE LCL P F‫א‬‫א‬

LCL  C  3
c c

  E 3 P F

3 P
3 C  3 11.46  10.16
 WEUCL c F‫א‬‫א‬
UCL  C  3
c c

 C 3 C

- ١٠٢ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 11.46 10.16  21.62

 
 WE LCLc F‫א‬‫א‬
LCL  C  3
c c

C 3 C

 11.46 10.16 1.30

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٣F
 

- ١٠٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

1428/3/25 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺎ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٤W٣‫א‬
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ٢٥WW‫ א‬
١٦٠٧W‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫ א‬

  
EjF‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
1 10
2 12
3 16
4 13
5 12
6 11
7 8
8 12
9 14
10 10
11 17
12 12
13 11
14 14
15 9
16 15
17 12
18 13
19 10
20 15
21 12
22 13
23 10
24 15
25 10
‫א‬
   ‫א‬
……… ……… 1428/3/25

 
 ‫א‬E25F‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٣F
 
- ١٠٤ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(C)E١٢ J٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J9
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J٣
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F
K‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬ -١
 R ‫א‬ X ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ C ‫א‬ p ‫א‬

- ١٠٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬ EF‫א‬

‫א‬

   

‫ א‬X ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬X  ‫ א‬C ‫א‬ p
‫ א‬S ‫א‬ R

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F

 

- ١٠٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
C ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬
p ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬
C ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
C ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ X ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 X ‫א‬ R ‫א‬   ٥
‫א‬
S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ X ‫א‬
   
 X ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ ٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ X ‫א‬
 
 X ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٧

S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ X ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 X ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٨
‫א‬‫א‬
S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣F

- ١٠٧ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

- ١٠٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KW‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J

KW‫א‬ .٤

K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

- ١٠٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٩
 K( X )‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K( R )‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K( S )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٢
 E p F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE C F‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K



- ١١١ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ EF

،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK (‫)د‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
 

- ١١٢ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
EF K J٤ EF ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K J٢ EF K J١
EF KE٢F،E١F‫א‬ J٤ EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬) X (EF
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٤ EF ‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬EF
EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF  J٤ EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬(C)EF
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٤ EF ‫א‬ J٣
 

- ١١٣ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬ (‫)ت‬

K R ، X ‫)ث( א‬
K(C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ذ‬

 
 
 WE٥F
‫؟‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ت‬

‫א؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ث‬
 

 

- ١١٤ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 W(cm)

R ‫א‬ X ‫א‬ ‫א‬

١٢ ٣٦ ١
٣ ٢٩ ٢
١٨ ٢٠ ٣
١٥ ٣٩ ٤
١٨ ٢٩ ٥
١٤ ٣١ ٦
٦ ٢٣ ٧
١٨ ٣٢ ٨
٢ ٢٩ ٩
٧ ٣٣ ١٠
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٥ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

R ‫א‬ X ‫א‬ ‫א‬

١١ ٣٢ ١
١٠ ٢٧ ٢
١٨ ٢٨ ٣
١١ ٣٠ ٤
١٦ ٣٢ ٥
١٠ ٢٢ ٦
١٥ ٣١ ٧
١٢ ٢٩ ٨
١٠ ٣١ ٩
١٣ ٣٠ ١٠
 
 

‫א‬{ S  X ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، S ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ X ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٦ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
S X S X
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢{٤ ٣٥{١ ١٤ ٢{٦ ٣٤{٠ ١
٢{٩ ٣٢{٢ ١٥ ٢{٣ ٣٣{٤ ٢
٢{٦ ٣٧{٩ ١٦ ٢{٤ ٣٤{٥ ٣
٢{٨ ٣٤{٩ ١٧ ٢{٧ ٣٦{١ ٤
٢{٣ ٣٠{٨ ١٨ ٢{٥ ٣٧{٦ ٥
٢{٢ ٣٦{٩ ١٩ ٥{٠ ٣٢{٣ ٦
٢{٨ ٣٧{٤ ٢٠ ٢{٩ ٣٧{١ ٧
٣{٣ ٣٦{٣ ٢١ ٢{٩ ٣٤{٧ ٨
٢{٣ ٣٦{١ ٢٢ ٢{٣ ٣٨{٤ ٩
٢{٥ ٣٤{٨ ٢٣ ٢{٤ ٣٥{٢ ١٠
٢{٧ ٣٥{٦ ٢٤ ٢{٨ ٣٤{١ ١١
٢{٣ ٣٥{٣ ٢٥ ٢{٥ ٣٤{٥ ١٢
٢{٦ ٣٤{٦ ١٣
 

- ١١٧ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠٠
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{١٢ ١
٠{٢٨ ٢
٠{١٤ ٣
٠{٢٢ ٤
٠{٣٦ ٥
٠{٢٠ ٦
٠{٢٢ ٧
٠{٣٨ ٨
٠{٠٤ ٩
٠{١٨ ١٠
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٣٨ ١
٠{٤٠ ٢
٠{٠٨ ٣
٠{٠٦ ٤
٠{٣٢ ٥
٠{١٦ ٦
٠{١٨ ٧
٠{٣٠ ٨
٠{١٤ ٩
٠{١٢ ١٠
- ١١٨ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢ ١
١ ٢
٤ ٣
٥ ٤
٣ ٥
٥ ٦
٣ ٧
٧ ٨
٤ ٩
٦ ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٣ ١
٢ ٢
٥ ٣
٢ ٤
٤ ٥
٥ ٦
٤ ٧
٦ ٨
٤ ٩
٢ ١٠
- ١١٩ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ١
  ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٠ -
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬K (‫)ب‬

K (‫)ت‬

 KE C F‫א‬ (‫)ث‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K J٤ (‫)أ‬

KE٢F،E١F‫א‬ J٤ (‫)ب‬

K‫א‬ J٢ (‫)ت‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ (‫)ث‬

K‫א‬ J٢EF
K‫א‬ J٣EF


- ١٢١ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
W‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  {‫א‬  ‫א‬
    { ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  {  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)د‬

K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)و‬

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ز‬

K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{EF
{{{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٤
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬Egm
،‫א‬67.45‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬١٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬ Egm‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5 62 J60
18 65 J63
42 68 J66
27 71 J69
8 74 J72
100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Egm‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F
 

- ١٢٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬E 67 10 gm F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١ J٤F
 W٤ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬{

  W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٤
‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{٢٠L٨٠‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 W٢ J٤ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W .٤
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٨
K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ .٩

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،W‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 W‫א‬K،‫א‬

- ١٢٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٤٧ 
٣٣ 
٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤ 
٨ 
١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 
 

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 
‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 W{E٢ J٤F
٪٤٧  J
K‫א‬

- ١٣٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

{‫א‬٪٨٠EF‫א‬EF‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬٪٢٠ ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬١٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٣ J٤F
 KE٣ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢١ 
١٧ 
١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٨ 
١٢ 
٧٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
 

- ١٣١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤FE٢ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

  W‫א‬١ J٥ J٤
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 { ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 

W‫א‬٢ J٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬ .٣
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F
 KE٢٧F‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٤ -
 ‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬

‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬
‫وﺧﺪوﺷﻬﺎ ﻳﺪوﻳ ًﺎ‬
‫ﻻ أﺧﻔﻖ‬

‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﺟﺘﺎز‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻄﺮـ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء – اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻮة‬

‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت‬

‫ﺷﻄﻒ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت ﻟﻌﺰﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫أﻃﺒﻊ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻖ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺮك اﻟﻘﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫اﺑﺪأ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺧﺬ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻻ أﺧﻔﻖ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﺟﺘﺎز‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫واﻹﻓﺮاج‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮز و اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮدة‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫‪E٤ J٤F‬א‪‬‬

‫‪- ١٣٥ -‬‬

 ‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬

‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬
‫وﺧﺪوﺷﻬﺎ ﻳﺪوﻳ ًﺎ‬
‫ﻻ أﺧﻔﻖ‬

‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﺟﺘﺎز‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻄﺮـ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء – اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻮة‬

‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت‬

‫ﺷﻄﻒ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت ﻟﻌﺰﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫أﻃﺒﻊ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻖ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺬ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻻ أﺧﻔﻖ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﺟﺘﺎز‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫واﻹﻓﺮاج‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮز و اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮدة‬

‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫‪ E٥ J٤F ‬א‪‬‬

‫‪- ١٣٦ -‬‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،
K‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٤

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

 

- ١٣٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ١٣٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦ J٤
 
‫א‬،٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٦ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 
 

- ١٣٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٤F


 W‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬٢ J٧ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
W‫א‬  J
J
‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬E٧ J٤F
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

٣٠

٢٥

٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٥

١٠

٠
X١ X٢ X٣ X٤ X٥ X٦ X٧ X٨ X٩ X١٠ X١١

‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٨ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
KELF
W‫א‬ J٣
K  J

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J J J J J J J J J  J J J J J J J  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 

 ‫א‬E٩ J٤F
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE١٠ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
1428/7/9W‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
١٢W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١١١W‫א‬ ١١٥W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٥W‫א‬ W‫א‬

٣٠

٢٥

٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٥

١٠

٣٠  ٣١ ٣٢ ٣٣ ٣٤ ٣٥ ٣٦ ٣٧ ٣٨ ٣٩ ٤٠

EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 1434/7/9

  
 ‫א‬ E١٠ J٤F
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٨ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E F
EFEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{E١١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٤٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E١١ J٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠  J١
‫א‬
KE٥ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
،E‫א‬F‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F
 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Y١ X١ ١
Y٢ X٢ ٢
Y٣ X٣ ٣
Y٤ X٤ ٤

J J

J J

J J

Y٥٠ X٥٠ ٥٠

- ١٤٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EX،YF‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬KKKKKK
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٨ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬ELF‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٤F
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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١٠٢٥ ٦{٥ ٤٠ ١٠٢٠ ٦{٣ ١٥
١٠٣١ ٨{٠ ٤١ ١٠٢٤ ٦{٧ ١٦
١٠٣٠ ٦{٩ ٤٢ ١٠٣٤ ٨{٢ ١٧
١٠٣٤ ٧{٦ ٤٣ ١٠٣٦ ٨{١ ١٨

- ١٤٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٣٤ ٦{٥ ٤٤ ١٠٢٣ ٦{٦ ١٩

١٠٢٠ ٥{٥ ٤٥ ١٠١١ ٦{٥ ٢٠
١٠٢٥ ٦{٠ ٤٦ ١٠٣٠ ٨{٥ ٢١
١٠٢٣ ٥{٥ ٤٧ ١٠١٤ ٧{٤ ٢٢
١٠٢٨ ٧{٦ ٤٨ ١٠٣٠ ٧{٢ ٢٣
١٠٢٠ ٨{٦ ٤٩ ١٠١٦ ٥{٦ ٢٤
١٠٢٦ ٦{٣ ٥٠ ١٠٢٠ ٦{٣ ٢٥
 

 EF‫א‬‫א‬ELF‫א‬E٦ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٤F
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٤F
 

- ١٤٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﻌﺜﺮ‬

1060

1050

1040
(‫اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﺮ )ص‬

1030

1020

1010

1000
4 5 6 7 8 9
(‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺮ )س‬

‫א‬E١٣ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٤F 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E 3 F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KE S F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E p F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 E C F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤F،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤
 K‫א‬
- ١٤٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٤F
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

- ١٥٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W -٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  -٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -٩
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 3 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFK١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
W‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 W
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K J٢ EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF K J٣
 
WEF
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬E
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬
EF K J٤ EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K J٢ EF K J١
EF K J٤ EF K J٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬
EF K J٤ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF KE C F‫א‬ J٢ EF E X F‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF KE p F‫א‬ J٣
 
 W‫א‬K٤
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬KEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
K
K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)و‬
K?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ز‬

K‫א‬ (‫)ح‬
 
 WK٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬



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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٣ ٣٩٤ J٣٩٢
٦ ٣٩٧ J٣٩٥
١٣ ٤٠٠ J٣٩٨
٢٦ ٤٠٣ J٤٠١
١٢ ٤٠٦ J٤٠٤
٥ ٤٠٩ J٤٠٧
٧٥ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

٥  ٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٨ 
١٢ 
٨٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠ 
٥٠ ‫א‬

- ١٥٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬،٦٠
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٧
K‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
?CD?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K?CD?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٥ ١٦٠ ١٥ ٣٠ ١٦٦ ١
٣٤ ١٦٥ ١٦ ٥ ١٦٢ ٢
١١ ١٧٠ ١٧ ٧ ١٦٥ ٣
٥ ١٦٢ ١٨ ١٢ ١٣٠ ٤
٤٩ ١٣٦ ١٩ ٢٥ ١٣٢ ٥
٢٥ ١٥٤ ٢٠ ٢٩ ١٦٥ ٦
١٥ ١٧٦ ٢١ ٢ ٤٠ ٧
٣٧ ١٩٠ ٢٢ ١٠ ١٥٠ ٨
٣٢ ١٦٠ ٢٣ ٢٩ ١٩٠ ٩
٢٠ ١٣٥ ٢٤ ٣٥ ١٧٥ ١٠
١٧ ١٥٧ ٢٥ ٣٧ ١٧٦ ١١
٢٠ ١٨٦ ٢٦ ٣٢ ١١٠ ١٢
١٥ ١٣٤ ٢٧ ٢٥ ١٦٠ ١٣
٢٦ ١٧٦ ٢٨ ١٤ ١٨٤ ١٤
 

- ١٥٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٧
W‫א‬{‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  EjF‫ א‬
‫א‬
12 1

13 2

10 3

15 4

10 5

9 6

11 7

15 8

13 9

12 10

 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F


- ١٦٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K٢٠L٨٠ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KEFEFEF

 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ EF

K J٤ EF

K J٤ EF

K J٤ EF

 K J٣EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١EF
 E X F‫א‬ J١EF

- ١٦١ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٦٣‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫ א‬o
KE٪١٠٠F‫א‬ o
KE‫א‬F‫ א‬o
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٥
١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬،E٪١٠٠F‫א‬E٪

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬١ J١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٪١٠٠FF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 
 WE٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WE٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J٥
 W‫א‬E٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬E٪١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٦٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WE‫א‬F‫א‬٥ J١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١ J٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٪100F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٪100
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 K
 

 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬، -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٦٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٥
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬En=100F
ERe=3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAc=2‫א‬
 
 
n(Ac / Re)
100(2/3)
 
‫א‬n =100 ‫א‬Ac =2 ‫א‬Re =3
 
‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2 %F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬
 KE  F‫א‬
 

100(2/3) ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬
 KE P a F
 

Ac=2‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

P a  P 0  P1  P 2
 
 W
- ١٦٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

P = ‫א‬‫א‬
a

P =‫א‬‫א‬
0

P =‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1

P =‫א‬‫א‬
2

E P a FE nP FE P  1% F‫א‬

 W

np 1000.011
P a  P0  P1  P 2
0
 ( np ) 1
 ( np ) 2 ( np )
( np ) ( np ) ( np )
Pa  e  e  e
0! 1! 2!
0 1
 (1 ) e (1 ) 1 e  1 (1 ) 2 e  1  [1  1  1 ] 
1
  e 0 . 919
0! 1! 2! 2
 

،E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E P a F‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F‫א‬
 E٢ J٥F 100(2/3) 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

np
P a p n
0.92 0.01 100 1
0.68 0.02 100 2
0.42 0.03 100 3
0.24 0.04 100 4
0.13 0.05 100 5
0.06 0.06 100 6
0.03 0.07 100 7
 
 E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E P a F‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F

 100(2/3) ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ J٥F

 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E٪٢Z p F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٪ ٦٨F 100(2/3) ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) 
‫א‬E٪1F‫א‬EAQLF‫א‬100(2/3)
E٪100F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٪٩٢Z P a F‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 100%  Pa

100%  92%
 8%

‫א‬‫א‬E  F‫א‬ 
LQL (Limiting Quality ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬100(2/3)‫א‬‫א‬Level)
‫א‬،E٪١٣Z P a F‫א‬‫א‬E٪٥F‫א‬ELQLF
‫א‬E٪100F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٪١٣Z Pa Z  FE‫א‬‫א‬F

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{E١٢F ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬ 
AOQ  P  Pa
٪١ p EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪٩٢ P a 
AOQ0.010.920.00920.92%
EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

P  p x‫א‬‫א‬
a P a
‫א‬‫א‬ p ‫א‬

0 1 0
0.0092 0.92 0.01
0.0136 0.68 0.02
0.0126 0.42 0.03
0.0096 0.24 0.04
0.0065 0.13 0.05
0.0036 0.06 0.06
0.0021 0.03 0.07
0.0011 0.014 0.08
0.00054 0.006 0.09
0.00027 0.0027 0.10
 

 EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F
 
 

 EAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬ p ‫א‬‫ א‬E٣ J٥F

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E٣ J٥ F   
 K٪١{٣٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٥
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   EnF      E٤ J٥ F  ‫א‬ 
 WENF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EdF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬Acceptable Number (Ac) ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EdF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 Rejection Number EReF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EReF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J
EAcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 Kn(Ac/Re)‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬(50)‫א‬50(1/2)W
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

 ‫א‬E٤ J٥F
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ E‫א‬ 
،E‫א‬‫א‬FE٢٩F
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬En1FE٥ J٥F
 WENF
Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬EAc1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬ERe1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAc1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ERe1F‫א‬‫א‬
KEd2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬En2F
(D2=d1+d2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAc2F
(D2=d1+d2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERe2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬EAc2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERe2F
K‫א‬
 Kn1(Ac1/ Re1) n2 , n12(Ac2/ Re2) ‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W
 
n1 = ‫א‬‫א‬ Ac1 = ‫א‬ Re1 = ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
n2 = ‫א‬‫א‬ n12 = ‫א‬ Ac2 = ‫א‬
Re2 = ‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 ‫א‬E٥ J٥F
 
32 ( 1/4 ) 32 , 64 ( 3/4 )W
 W(32)
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K(32)
 ‫א‬ (3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ (4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٥
  ‫א‬F       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

En1F E٦ J٥F 

 WENF‫א‬‫א‬
Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬EAc1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬ERe1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ed1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAc1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ERe1F‫א‬‫א‬
KEd2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬En2F
(D2=d1+d2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAc2F
(D2=d1+d2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERe2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬EAc2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERe2F
K‫א‬
ED2=d1+d2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
EAc2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ERe2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Ac2< D2 < Re2 )
KEn3F

- ١٧٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERekF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAckF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE٤ J٥F
 

‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Re  ni
Ac i
4 0 13 13 1
6 1 26 13 2
8 3 39 13 3
10 5 52 13 4
11 7 65 13 5
12 10 78 13 6
14 13 91 13 ٧
 

 ‫א‬E٤ J٥F
 

- ١٧٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

 ‫א‬E٦ J٥F


- ١٨٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬.١

KE‫א‬F‫א‬،E٪100F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 

K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬
 

،WE‫א‬F‫א‬ .٦
K
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
K
 

K‫א‬‫א‬WE F‫א‬ .٨
 

K‫א‬‫א‬WE  F‫א‬ .٩
 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬WEAOQFKKK‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٨١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٤
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬F‫א‬
،E‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K


- ١٨٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

EF K٪٩٠‫א‬‫ א‬EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
 

W‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

W‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

EF K J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF K J٣
 
 W‫א‬E٤F
K EF

K‫א‬ EF
 KEF
 KEF
 KEF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
‫א‬‫א‬EdF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬EAcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEnF‫א‬ -٦
EdF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
K‫א‬EReF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٦F
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K150(2/3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
K80(1/2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
 

- ١٨٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EFEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬
 
 


- ١٨٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 K‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF

K‫א‬
K J٣ EF

 

- ١٨٦ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٨٧ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪100 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٨٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬(1-6)‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(1-6)

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٦
‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬EProcess CapabilityF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٦F‫א‬ (6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٦F

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢-٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 6 F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٣-٦
E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEU-LF
 

  6 (<U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٦F
  6 (<U-L)
 6 (= U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤ J٦F
 K

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٦F
  6 (=U-L)

- ١٩٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  6 (> U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٥ J٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٠٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٦F
  6 (>U-L)
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٤-٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
___
‫א‬‫א‬،E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬
 KECpF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
___
 X ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٦
 W R ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R F‫א‬E X F ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE5F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﻩ‬

 K‫א‬٥
___
FE R F‫א‬E X F ‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)و‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ز‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ح‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
W‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬

R
  6  6d
2
 
 = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R = ‫א‬
d 2 = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١ J٦F

- ١٩٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

d2 n‫א‬
1.128 2
1.693 3
2.059 4
2.326 5
2.534 6
2.704 7
2.847 8
2.970 9
3.078 10
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٦F
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ط‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WECpF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٦
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٣F

 (6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECpF‫א‬‫א‬

 WEU-LF‫א‬‫א‬
U L
 C p 
6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٦F
 KEU-LF ‫א‬‫א‬ (6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

- ١٩٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
C p ‫א‬‫א‬
KEU-LF‫א‬‫א‬E 6 F
C p 1 6  U  L
C p 1 6  U  L
C p 1 6  U  L
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٦F
 EU-LF ‫א‬‫א‬ (6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٦-٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٤{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬ (6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬
(6 )  6 4.2  25.2 gm
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{٠{٩٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{١١٠١١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
(6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬
(6 )  6  0.96  5.76 mm
 EU-LF‫א‬‫א‬
U  L  114  110  4 mm

- ١٩٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬E٥{٧٦F‫א‬‫א‬
E٦ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٦F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠٠ (‫)ب‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬
 

 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦ J٦
،EF  ٠{٠٦٨‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF  ٠{٠٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ١٩٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(6 1 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 1  6  0.068  0.408 
(6 2 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 2  60.050 0.3
0.4080.3 0.108
‫א‬    26.5 %
0.408 0.408
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4 J6 J6
___
KE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬
___
‫א‬E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬E٣ J٦F
‫א‬{(cm)‫א‬
A2Z0.577n=5‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 D4Z2.115D3Z0
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ___ ‫ א‬X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 ‫א‬
R X
20 4٣ 170 34 25 33 45 33 1
9 29 145 34 29 29 28 25 2
13 25 125 25 19 25 32 24 3
10 34 170 39 33 34 35 29 4
13 29 145 29 6٣ 28 29 23 5
9 31 155 31 36 31 27 30 6
2 25 125 26 25 25 25 24 7
13 32 160 30 41 30 28 31 8
7 29 145 25 29 29 30 32 9
2 33 165 33 33 33 32 34 10
98 301 1505 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٦F
___
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FKE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬W 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N
Rj 98
R  J 1   9 .8
N 10
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
UCLR  D4 R  2.1159.8  20.73
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  LCLR  D3 R  0  9.8  0

‫א‬
25 UCL R ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
20
15 R ‫اﻟﺨ ﻂ اﻷوﺳ ﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪى‬

10
5
‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
0
LCL R
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٦F

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N
X j
301
X    30.1
j 1

N 10
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
UCLx  X  A2 R  30.1  0.577  9.8  35.75
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  LCLx  X  A2 R  30.1  0.577  9.8  24.45
 

- ١٩٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ UCL ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

40 X

35
30 ‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷوﺳﻂ‬
25
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

20 LCL x ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٦F
___
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

R
6  6 d
2
KE١ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬2.326Z d 2 

R 9.8
6  6 d  6  25.28 cm
2 2.326
WECpF‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٦ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
٠{٠٣٠   ‫א‬٠{٠٣٨   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٤  ٠{١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
U  L 2.552.25
 C p   1.32
6 0 60.038
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  C p  U  L  2 . 55  2 . 25  1 . 67
6 0 6  0 . 030


- ٢٠٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.١
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WEProcess CapabilityF ‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EProcess CapabilityF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
(6 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
WEU-LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬
6 (<U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  6 (= U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
> U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
6 (
___
E X F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE R F‫א‬
W‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬
R
6  6 d
2
 
 = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٠١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

R ‫א‬
d 2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECpF‫א‬‫א‬ .٨
WEU-LF‫א‬‫א‬ (6 )

U L
 C p 
6
 

- ٢٠٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFK١
 

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF
‫א‬
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF
6 (> U-L) ‫א‬‫א‬
6 EF
EF Cp U L
‫א‬ECpF‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬KW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

‫א‬،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

KKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)د‬

K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ﻩ‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 

W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬ J٢ EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K J٤ EF K‫א‬ J٣
 

EU-LF‫א‬‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬EF
W
EF
6 (ZU-L)  J٢ EF 6 (<U-L)  J١
EF K J٤ EF K 6 (>U-L)  J٣
 

 W‫א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 KEU-LF‫א‬‫א‬E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KECpF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
EF
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
EF
K‫א‬K‫א‬
EF E 6 F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 WK٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

- ٢٠٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 

،٣٠٠٠EF‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬،٢٠‫א‬
 

‫א‬٦‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،0.02
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،0.015‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E،،F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٥،٣،٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣٤٨،٣٧٢
K،
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٥‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٢٠٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 ‫א‬
٨٤ ٧٥ ٨٣ ٩٥ ٨٣ ١
٨٤ ٧٩ ٧٩ ٧٨ ٧٥ ٢
٧٥ ٦٩ ٧٥ ٨٢ ٧٤ ٣
٨٩ ٨٣ ٨٤ ٨٥ ٧٩ ٤
٧٩ ٨٦ ٧٨ ٧٩ ٧٣ ٥
٨١ ٨٦ ٨١ ٧٧ ٨٠ ٦
٧٦ ٧٥ ٧٥ ٧٥ ٧٤ ٧
٨٠ ٩١ ٨٠ ٧٨ ٨١ ٨
٧٥ ٧٩ ٧٩ ٨٠ ٨٢ ٩
٨٣ ٨٣ ٨٣ ٨٢ ٨٤ ١٠
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
١٧٤،١٨٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF  ٣
 KEF 
 
 

- ٢٠٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K (6 ) EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 K EF
___
 KE R F‫א‬E X F‫א‬EF
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K J٤ EF

K 6 (<U-L)  J١ EF

 

 

- ٢٠٧ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٢٠٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪100 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٠٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬١ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?

- ٢١٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 

 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 KEF
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
- ٢١١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤  

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٧F
 K‫א‬

- ٢١٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E١ J٧F

- ٢١٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٧F‫א‬
 K
 

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
10% 40-50 % ‫א‬
20% 40-50 % ‫א‬
40% 0-10 % ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
30% 0-10 % ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٧F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٧F 
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬E٪5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢١٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
KE٧F‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٧F
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٧F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٪23F‫א‬E٪2F‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٪75F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٧F
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٪50F
‫א‬‫א‬،E٪12F‫א‬‫א‬،E٪23F

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E٪50F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٪15F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

- ٢١٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،E‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
W،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬ .٨
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ .١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢١٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬ EF

،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
W‫א‬‫א‬ EF

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

EF K J٣

 
 
 
 
 

W‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

W‫א‬ (‫)ج‬

EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢


EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢


EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

- ٢٢١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  

W‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤


 
 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٩
K‫א‬‫א‬ -١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١١
K‫א‬ -١٢
 
 WE٦F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

- ٢٢٢ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

 


- ٢٢٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
 
 


- ٢٢٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 

EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬{‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ EF

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ EF

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K J٣ EF

K‫א‬ J٢ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ EF

 K‫א‬ J١ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣EF
 

- ٢٢٥ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٢٢٦ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪K100 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬

K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬١ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١ J٨F
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٢٢٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FK?‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٢٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1987‫א‬9000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬20001994
FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 

‫א‬E١ J٨F
 

- ٢٣٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨
?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬،E٢ J٨F
 W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٣١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 J J‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٢٣٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٨F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٣٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬ 
 K،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

- ٢٣٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE28F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١٠
K‫א‬
K‫א‬ -١١

- ٢٣٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١٣
‫א‬‫א‬ -١٤
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
K‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬‫ א‬-٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
K -٨
K?‫א‬‫א‬? -٩
K‫א‬‫א‬ -١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٦ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬-٤

- ٢٣٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٧
K‫א‬ -٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬٢ J٧ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٣ J٧ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٣٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٤ J٧ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٧ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W(ISO 9000) ٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٨

‫א‬٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F،‫א‬
 K٢٠٠٠١٩٩٤١٩٨٧‫א‬
 

‫א‬W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
MIL – Q ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬AQPL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٦٣‫א‬9858 A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BS 5750 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٧٩

- ٢٣٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠٠  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠١  J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩٠٠٤  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K  J
 K  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ .١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬  J
K‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٤٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K J
 K J
K‫א‬ J
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬ W٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ .٨
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F،‫א‬
K٢٠٠٠١٩٩٤١٩٨٧‫א‬
 

- ٢٤٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
W‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 

W‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬ J٣
 
 

W‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

EF K‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬ J٢
EF K J٣
 
 

W٢٠٠٠ ‫א‬ ٩٠٠٠ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬EF

EF K٩٠٠١ J١
EF K K٩٠٠٢ J٢
EF K K٩٠٠٣ J٣
 
 

 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ت‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ج‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 WE٦F
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 ‫؟‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 ‫؟‬٩٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF


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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)أ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

 K‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
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 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K‫א‬ J٣ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ EF

 K‫א‬ J١ EF

 K٩٠٠١ J١EF
 
 

- ٢٤٨ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

- ٢٤٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪ 100‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٥٠ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٩
،‫א‬،E٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،Reliability ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬٢ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WKE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٥١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EBall-BearingF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٠
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
 

- ٢٥٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F
 
 W‫א‬٥ J٩
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ERsF 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١

A R1 R2 B

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٩F
 

 W‫א‬

Rs= R1 C R2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERsF‫א‬ 
 K
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٥٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

R1

A B
R2

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٩F
 W‫א‬
Rs= 1-(1-R1)(1- R2)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERsF‫א‬ 
 K
 
 W‫א‬٦ J٩
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،١٠٠‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬{٥٠٠‫א‬٢٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬EtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
n
Ft  t
N

 = F t EtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 = nt EtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 N = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٥٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
20
 F t   0 .2
100
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬EEtF‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

Rt 1 F t

 = R t ‫א‬
 = F t EtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Rt 1 Ft
 1  0 .2  0 .8
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣ J٩FA, B, C, D
 

C
R3 =0.90
A B
R1 =0.93 R2 =0.85
D
R4 =0.80

 

 A, B, C, D‫א‬E٣ J٩F

- ٢٥٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
C,D‫א‬W
RCD=1-(1- RC)(1- RD)
= 1-(1-0.90)(1-0.80)
=1-(0.10)(0.20)
=1-0.02
=0.98

A, B, C, D‫א‬W
RABCD=RCRB RCD
= 0.93 x 0.85 x 0.98
=0.775
=77.5%
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
RA = 0.90 A, B, C
 RB = 0.95 RC = 0.99
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٩F‫א‬
 

RA =0.90

RA =0.90 RB =0.95 RC =0.99 RB =0.95

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RC =0.99

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٩F
 

- ٢٥٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
RABC= (RA) (RB) (RC)
= (0.90) (0.95) (0.99)
= 0.84645
= 84.645 %
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
RABC=1-(1- RA) (1- RB) (1- RC)
= 1-(1-0.90)(1-0.95) (1-0.99)
=1-(0.10)(0.05)(0.01)
=1-0.00005
=0.99995
  =99.995 %
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


- ٢٥٧ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬.٢
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬.٤

K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ .٥

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERsF‫א‬ 
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERsF‫א‬ 
K


- ٢٥٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE١F
 

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF

EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF

K‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 W
 

W‫א‬ EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF  K‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬ J٣

 W‫א‬EF
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
EF K‫א‬ J٣

W‫א‬EF

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

EF K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 W‫א‬E٤F
K‫א‬ (‫)أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ (‫)ب‬

 
 WE٥F
‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬ EF

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

 


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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
٢٥٠٠‫א‬١٠‫א‬
،٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
AB ‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

R2 =0.90

A B
R1 =0.85 R4 =0.94

R3 =0.95


 
 
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 K‫א‬CDAB ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٦١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
R4 =0.95

A B
R1 =0.90 R2 =0.95 R3 =0.99 R5 =0.97

R6 =0.99

 CD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R4 =0.97

R1 =0.95

C D
R3 =0.98 R5 =0.99

R2 =0.99

R6 =0.99

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

- ٢٦٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EF EF
EF EF
EF EF
 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬ EF

K‫א‬ EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
K‫א‬ J٢ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ EF

 
 

- ٢٦٣ -
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، .١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ٢٠٠٦‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬{‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ٢٠٠٢‫א‬ J J‫א‬

{‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ١٩٩٥–‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ١٩٩٤‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ١٩٩٧‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
 ١٩٨١‫א‬ J–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

- ٢٦٤ -
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬، .٧  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
 ١٩٨٥ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ .٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٨
 ١٩٧٦ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ .٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩
 ١٩٧١ J‫א‬

‫א‬{ .١٠
 ‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬
١٠
 ١٩٩٥ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬، .١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١١
 ١٩٧٥ J‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ .١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢
 ١٩٧٦‫א‬–‫א‬

 

{ .١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٣
 ‫א‬
 ٢٠٠٧‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، .١٤
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
١٤
 ١٩٩٦ J‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥
 ‫א‬
١٥
 ‫א‬ J‫א‬ J٢٠٠١١‫א‬

 ، .١٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٦
 ١٩٩٥ J‫א‬

 ، .١٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٧
٢٠٠١‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬

18. Besterfield, D.H.

Quality Control
Prentice- Hall Int. Ed. 1995 ١٨
١٩٩٥ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬

19 . Campanella, J.
Principles of Quality Cost.
١٩
ASQC Quality Press. 1990 U.S.A.

20.Feigenbaum, A.V.
Total Quality Control
٢٠
Mc Graw- Hill Int. Ed. 1991 Singapore.

21.International Organization for  

Standardization (ISO) .
ISO 9000 Series ٢١

- ٢٦٦ -
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ISO 1987, 1994, 2000 Geneva – Switzerland

22.International Trade Center .

ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems:
Guidelines for enterprises in developing countries. ٢٢
International Trade Center 1993 Geneva

23.Jablonski, J.R.
Implementing Total Quality Management:
An Overview ٢٣
Pfeiffer 1991 U.S.A.

24.Juran, A.M.
Quality Control Handbook
٢٤
Mc Graw- Hill 1988 U.S.A.

25.Juran, A.M, Blanton Godfrey

Juran's Quality Handbook ٢٥
Mc Graw- Hill 2000 U.S.A.

26.Kottman, R.J.
Total Engineering Quality Management
ASQC Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1993 ٢٦
١٩٩٤ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬

27.Oakland, J.S.
Statistical Process Control ٢٧
Butterworth, U.K. 1996

28.Oakland, J.S.
Total Quality Management ٢٨
Heinemann, London 1989

29.Schilling, E.G. ٢٩

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  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control

Marcel Dekker 1982


30.Soin, S.S.
Quality Control Essentials ٣٠
Mc Graw- Hill, Inc 1992

31.Spiegel, M.R.
Statistics
Mc Graw- Hill 1991 Singapore ٣١
١٩٧٨ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
32.Williams, R.L.
 Essentials of Total Quality Management
AMACOM 1994 Singapore ٣٢
١٩٩٩‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

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 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

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