

‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٨
   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ?  ?   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Induction Motors
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٤
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K٢٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
Induction Motors
Three Phase Indution Motors: W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٨٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Induction)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Stator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J١F‫א‬،Rotor
 

 
 ‫א‬W١ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٦٠{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠،
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬W٢ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J١
  
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Slip-ring motors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Squirrel cage motors) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Wound rotor motors)
 (Wound Rotor)      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢٠‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Wound rotor)‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(Slip Rings)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣ J١F‫א‬،
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬W٣ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬:EaF‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬EbF

(Squirrel-cage rotor)     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٤ J١FE٣ J١F (Squirrel cage)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 


‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
، ١٢٠ ، ‫א‬ 
،١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Synchronous speed‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

120 ⋅ f s
ns = E١ J١F‫א‬
P
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wns
 ‫א‬‫א‬Wfs
 WP
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،

-٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   
 ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

   
٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   
 ٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J١F‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬EnsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n،‫א‬‫א‬Ens JnF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EnsF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٦ J١F‫א‬
 WE٢ J١F
 
T ∝ Fs ⋅ Fr ⋅ Sin(δ sr ) E٢ J١F‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬WT
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WFs
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WFr
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wδsr
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
n f = ns − n E٣ J١F‫א‬
 W
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wnf

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١

 W‫א‬٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(Slip speed)‫א‬(ns-n)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Slip)‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(s)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٥٪٢٪١‫א‬‫א‬
 W،٪٥٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Slip Speed = nslip = ns − n

n −n
Slip = s = s
ns E٤ J١F‫א‬
n −n
% Slip = s = s × 100 %
ns
(n=ns)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(n=0)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rotor speed = n = ns (1 − s ) E٥ J١F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s   ‫א‬،n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ns‫א‬‫א‬
(ns-n)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ns،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(s=1)‫א‬(n=0) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEfr=fsF‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(s=0)(n=ns)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEfr=0F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،(ns-n)‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
fr = s ⋅ fs E٦ J١F‫א‬
 
 WE١ J١F
‫א‬،٦٠٢٤٠،‫א‬
 W‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
 

120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1200 rpm
P 6
n = ns ( 1 − s ) = 1200 × ( 1 − 0.05 ) = 1140 rpm
f r = s ⋅ f s = 0.05 × 60 = 3 Hz
 
 WE٢ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬، ٥٠ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٤٥٥
 W‫א‬
 

120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1500 rpm
P 4
nslip = ns − n = 1500 − 1455 = 45 rpm

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
ns − n 1500 − 1455
s= = = 0.03 p.u.
ns 1500
 
 WE٣ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٥
 W‫א‬
 

f r 2.5
s= = = 0.05
f s 50
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1000 rpm
p 6
n = ns ⋅ (1 − s ) = 1000 × (1 − 0.05) = 950 rpm
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
>‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
K‫א‬  J١١
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
 K E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٧
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬ E
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٨
W
 KKKKKKKKK E
KKKKKKKKK‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ E

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
‫א‬‫א‬، ٦٠ ‫א‬  J١٩
K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٥ ‫א‬  J٢٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٧١٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠‫א‬  J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  J٢٢
W‫ א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠٢٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K
 ٠{٠٥‫א‬،
 ٨٦٠‫א‬  J٢٣
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 EF  ٩٠٠EF  ٤٥EF  ٤٥EF  ٨٥٥EF  W‫א‬
 

‫א‬EF٦٠٦‫א‬  J٢٤
K‫א‬١٠٩٢‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬١١٦٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥{٤،٪٩EF  ٢،٪٣{٤EF  W‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 The Equivalent Circuit W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١

 J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬I2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧
s ⋅ E2
I2 =  E٧ J١F‫א‬
R22 + (sX 2 )
2

X2، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 (sE2)، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(sX2)،s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
sE٧ J١F  ‫א‬  ،s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬
E2
I2 =
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬
2
⎛ R2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ + X2
2

⎝ s ⎠
 E٧ J١F‫א‬E٨ J١F‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J١‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Xm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J١F‫א‬
W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WR1, R2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WX1, X2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WRc
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WXm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WN1, N2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٩ J١F

 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J١F‫א‬
 W
⎡N ⎤
E2' = E2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a ⋅ E2 WE٩ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
2
⎡ N ⎤
R2' = R2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a 2 ⋅ R2 WE١٠ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
2
⎡N ⎤
X 2' = X 2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a 2 ⋅ X 2 WE١١ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
⎡N ⎤
I 2' = I 2 ⋅ ⎢ 2 ⎥ = I 2 / a E١٢ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N1 ⎦
R2'
،E١٣ J١F ‫א‬
 } {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s
 WE١٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R2' ⎡1 − s ⎤
= R2' + R2' ⋅ ⎢  E١٣ J١F‫א‬
s ⎣ s ⎥⎦
 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2' 
،
R2' ⋅ (1 − s )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
s
E١٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

Rc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J١‫א‬

- ٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
E١٠ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FRc‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 (Io)‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J١F‫א‬
 KE١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(I1)‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Req = R1 + R2'  ١٤ J١
X eq = X 1 + X 2'  ١٥ J١
 WE١٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬،‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
- ٢١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(R1 ,R2 ,X1 ,X2 ,Rc ,Xm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 No Load Test or Open Circuit Test WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J

E١٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
P = W1 + W2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬s‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
‫א‬‫א‬، ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،
 Rc,Xm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، Rc,Xm ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 WE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

V1 V1
Rc = Xm =
Ic Im
 ‫א‬V1
IoIm , Ic  E١٥ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W
I c = I o ⋅ Cosφo I m = I o ⋅ Sinφo  E١٦ J١F‫א‬
 W
P
Cosφo =  E١٧ J١F‫א‬
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o
⎛ P ⎞
φo = Cos −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟  E١٨ J١F‫א‬
⎝ 3 ⋅ V1
⋅ I o ⎠

 W‫א‬‫א‬ Rc , Xm‫א‬
V1 V1 V1 V1
Rc = = Xm = =  E١٩ J١F‫א‬
I c I o ⋅ Cosφo I m I o ⋅ Sinφo
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٥ J١‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Locked Rotor Test (or Short Circuit Test)W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٦ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬
 

P = W1 + W2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٦ J١‫א‬
 

‫א‬Es=1F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ ⎛1 −1⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ' ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
 ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0⎥    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ⎢ R2 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬(Io)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Req,Xeq‫א‬،) I1 ≅ I 2' (‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬،Req,Xeq ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
P
Req =  E٢٠ J١F‫א‬
3 ⋅ I12
V
Z eq = sc  E٢١ J١F‫א‬
I1
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2  E٢٢ J١F‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vsc

 Dc Test:         W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬R1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧ J١F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧ J١‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Vdc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vdc
2 ⋅ R1 =  
I dc
V
R1 = dc E٢٣ J١F‫א‬
2 ⋅ I dc
 

(skin effect)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 WE٤ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 

VL=220 V IL=20 A P=600 W  ‫א‬

VL =30 V IL =50 A P=1500 W  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W Rc , Xm‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 

VL
V1 = = 127 V
3
I o = I L = 20 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc , Xm
 

P 600
Cosφo = = = 0.0787
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o 3 × 127 × 20
φo = Cos −1 (0.0787 ) = 85.48o
V1 127
Rc = = = 80.68 Ω
I o ⋅ Cosφo 20 × 0.0787
V1 127
Xm = = = 6.37 Ω
I o ⋅ Sinφo 20 × Sin(85.48)
 WReq , Xeq‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
VL 30
V1 = = = 17.32 V
3 3
I1 = I L = 50 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Req , Xeq
- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
P 1500
Req = = = 0.2 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 3 × 50 2
V 17.32
Z eq = 1 = = 0.3464 Ω
I1 50
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2 = (0.3464) − (0.2)
2 2
= 0.2828 Ω
 
 WE٥ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

VL=127 V IL=7.53 A P=179 W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

VL =39.3 V IL =34.64 A P=1265 W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vdc=19 V Idc=20 A  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  X 1 = X 2' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 WE٢١ J١F‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Vdc 19
R1 = = = 0.475 Ω
2 ⋅ I dc 3 × 20
 

 WRc, XmE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 

V1 = VL = 127 V
I 7.53
Io = L = = 4.347 A
3 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc&Xm
P 179
Cosφo = = = 0.108
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o 3 × 127 × 4.347
φo = Cos −1 (0.108) = 83.8o
- ٢٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 127
Rc = = = 270.78 Ω
I o ⋅ Cosφo 4.347 × 0.108
V1 127
Xm = = = 29.435 Ω
I o ⋅ Sinφo 4.347 × Sin(83.8)
 WReq, XeqE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 

V1 = VL = 39.3 V
I 34.64
I1 = I 2' = L = = 20 A
3 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(R1,R2,X1,X2)
 

P 1265
Req = = = 1.054 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2 3 × 20
'2 2

V 39.3
Z eq = 1 = = 1.965 Ω
I1 20
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2 = (1.965) − (1.054)
2 2
= 1.658 Ω
 

Req = R1 + R2 '
 W
R1 = 0.475 Ω
W
R2' = Req − R1 = 1.054 − 0.475 = 0.579 Ω
 

X eq = X 1 + X 2'  W
X 1 = X 2'
:‫إذن‬
X eq 1.658
X 1 = X 2' = = = 0.859 Ω
2 2

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 
 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

 
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬ E
K‫ א‬E

K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E


- ٢٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥‫א‬  J٨
W‫א‬‫א‬

220 V 3.86 A 550 W  ‫א‬

35 V 12.9 A 490 W ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٢٩{٨٤‫א‬  J٩
W‫א‬‫א‬

415 V 21 A 1250 W  ‫א‬

100 V 45 A 2730 W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬Y٢٠‫א‬  J١٠
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

380 V 16.5 A 1050 W  ‫א‬

86 V 32 A 1854 W  ‫א‬
 X1 = X2` & R1 = R2` ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P1‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨ J١F‫א‬
 W،‫א‬P1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P1 = 3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I1 ⋅ Cosφ E٢٤ J١F‫א‬
 

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV1
 K‫א‬‫א‬WI1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wф
R1‫א‬‫א‬Pcu1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٥ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pcore
،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،PcorePcu1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢١ J١F‫א‬Pst
 

Pcu1 = 3 ⋅ I1 ⋅ R1
2
WE٢٥ J١F‫א‬
Pst = Pcu1 + Pcore  E٢٦ J١F‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PstP1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P12KPg(air gap power)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

Pg = P12 = P1 − Pst WE٢٧ J١F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

R2 '

Pg = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ WE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

s
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pcu 2 = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' WE٢٩ J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pm = Pg − Pcu 2 WE٣٠ J١F‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
 WE٣١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛1 − s ⎞
Pm = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ WE٣١ J١F‫א‬
⎝ s ⎠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،Pf‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Euseful mechanical power‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FP2‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

P2 = Pm − Pf WE٣٢ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J١F‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J١FE٢٩ J١FE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

 

Pg Pm Pcu2
⎛1⎞ ⎛1 − s ⎞
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2'
⎝s⎠ ⎝ s ⎠
 Pcu2s Pg‫א‬
 W،KPm(1-s)Pg
 

Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg  WE٣٣ J١F‫א‬

Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg  E٣٤ J١F‫א‬
Pg : Pm : Pcu 2 = 1 : (1 − s ) : s  W‫א‬
 

،Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s‫א‬‫א‬Ks(1-s)Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 WE٦ J١F
،
 ٤ ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،٣‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
- ٣٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬
 

fr 3
s= = = 0.05
f s 60
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
n = (1 − s ) ⋅ ns = (1 − 0.05) × 1800 = 1710 rpm
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.05 × 120 = 6 kw
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.05) × 120 = 114 kw
 
 WE٧ J١F
،
 ‫א‬٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
 

P2 = Pg − Pcu 2 − Pf = 120 − 6 − 2 = 112 kw

112000
P2 = = 150 hp
746
P1 = Pg + Pcu1 + Pcore = 120 + 3 + 1.7 = 124.7 kw
P 112
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 89.7%
P1 124.7
 

 WE٨ J١F
‫א‬٤٨،٦٠٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١١٤٠
 K‫א‬،‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١{٦
 W‫א‬

- ٣٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1200 rpm
P 6
n − n 1200 − 1140
s= s = = 0.05 p.u.
ns 1200
Pg = P1 − Pst = P1 − (Pcu1 + Pcorw )
Pg = 48 − (1.4 + 1.6 ) = 45 kw
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.05) × 45 = 42.74 kw
P2 = Pm − Pf = 42.75 − 1 = 41.75 kw
P 41.75
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 87%
P1 48
 

 WE٩ J١F
‫א‬ ٦٠
 ٤٤٠ ‫א‬
 ١{٦٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
f r 1.67
s= = = 0.0334
fs 50
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1000 rpm
P 6
n = (1 − s ) ⋅ ns = (1 − 0.0334) ⋅ 1000 = 966.6 rpm
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.0334 ) × 80 = 77.33 kw
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.0334 × 80 = 2.67 kw
P 2670
R2' = cu 2' 2 = 2 = 0.21 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2 3 × (65)
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 WE١٠ J١F
٧٣٢٥٠‫א‬
‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬E
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
120 f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 750 rpm
p 8
n − n 750 − 732
s= s = = 0.024
ns 750
 

 WP2E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
Pg = P1 − Pst = 40 − 11 = 39
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.024 ) × 39 = 38.064 kw
P2 = Pm − Pf = 38.064 − 2 = 36.064 kw
36064
P2 = = 48.343 hp
746
 

 WPcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.024 × 39 = 0.936 kw
P 36.640
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 90.16%  W‫א‬E
P1 40

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETorqueF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KNm،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(total developed torque)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٨ J١F‫א‬ωsPgns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Pm ‫א‬‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٩ J١F‫א‬ωPm
 
Pg
T= Nm E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
ωs
Pm
T= Nm E٣٦ J١F‫א‬
ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ω ωs
 WE٣٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns
ωs = rad/sec. E٣٧ J١F‫א‬
60
2 ⋅π ⋅ n
ω= rad/sec. E٣٨ J١F‫א‬
60
 W‫א‬E٣٣ J١F‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬E٢٦ J١F
Pg ⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns ⎞
'

T= = ⎜ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ 2 ⎟ ÷ ⎜ ⎟ Nm
ωs ⎝ s ⎠ ⎝ 60 ⎠
R2'
T = K ⋅ I2 ⋅
'2
Nm E٣٩ J١F‫א‬
s
 
⎛ 3 × 60 ⎞
K = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ E٤٠ J١F‫א‬
⎝ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ n s ⎠

 WE١٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I 2' ‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 V1
I 2' = =
Z eq ⎛ R2' ⎞
2
E٤١ J١F‫א‬
⎜ R1 + ⎟ + ( X eq )
2

⎝ s ⎠
 W‫א‬E٤١ J١F‫א‬ I 2' ‫א‬
 

V1 2
R2 '

T =K⋅ ⋅ E٤٢ J١F‫א‬

(R1 + R2' / s )2 + (X eq )2 s
 

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 WE١٩ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
 

E‫א‬L‫א‬FE‫א‬L‫א‬F‫א‬WE١٩ J١F‫א‬
،
 E١٩ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬s=sms=0
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬s=1s=sm
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(useful torque)Tu‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KTf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ωP2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Pf
 W‫א‬‫א‬
P2 P2
Tu = = Nm. WE٤٣ J١F‫א‬
ω 2 ⋅ π ⋅ n / 60
 W) sm (‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٧ J١
(Tmax)‫א‬‫א‬،(s)‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R2' R
sm = ' = 2  WE٤٤ J١F‫א‬
X2 X2
، R2' / X 2'  ‫א‬ (Tmax)
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠ J١F‫א‬sm‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠ J١F‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬ sm = 1 & R2' = X 2' ‫א‬‫א‬
 

V1 2
Tmax =K⋅  E٤٥ J١F‫א‬
2 ⋅ X 2'
 
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٧
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J١F‫א‬
R2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W) s = 1(E٤٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 

V1 2

Tstarting = K ⋅ ⋅ R2' E٤٦ J١F‫א‬

(R1 + R2 ) + X eq
' 2 2

 
 WE١١ J١F

 ٢٤٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 0.4Ω R2' = 0.6Ω X 1 = 1.0Ω X 2' = 1.0Ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬١٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬١٧١٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٤١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 = VL = 240 V
 

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
ns − n 1800 − 1710
s= = = 0.05
ns 1800
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I1 ≈ I 2' 
 W
V1 V1
I1 ≈ I 2' = =
Z eq (R + R2' / s ) + ( X eq )
2 2
1

V1 240
I1 ≈ I 2' = = = 19.11 A
Z eq (0.4 + 0.6 / 0.05) + (1 + 1) 2 2

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 

3 × 50 3 × 60
K= = = 0.0159
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns 2 × π × 1800
R2'
T = K ⋅ I2 ⋅
'2

s
0.6
T = 0.0159 ⋅ (19.11) × = 69.74
2
Nm
0.05
 Ws=1I1‫א‬ E

 

V1 V1
I1 ≈ I 2' = =
Z eq (R + R2' / s ) + ( X eq )
2 2
1

240
I1 ≈ I 2' = = 107.33 A
(0.4 + 0.6 / 1) + (1 + 1)
2 2

 

 ‫א‬ ،EF ‫א‬  ‫א‬      Tstarting ‫א‬  E

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
R2
'

Tstarting = K ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅
s
0.6
Tstarting = 0.0159 × (107.33) × = 109.9
2
Nm
1
 

Wsmax‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Tmax‫א‬‫א‬ E
 

V1 2

Tmax = K ⋅
2 ⋅ X 2'

Tmax = 0.0159 ×
(240) 2

= 457.92 Nm
2 ×1
R2 0.6
'

smax = = = 0.6
X 2' 1
 
 WE١٢ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٩٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٣{٦‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
2
⎛N ⎞
Req = R1 + R2' = R1 + ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ ⋅ R2
⎝ N2 ⎠
Req = 0.2 + (2 ) × R2 = 0.2 + 4 × R2
2

P 45 × 103
Req = = 2 = 0.4 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 3 × (193.6 )
R2 = 0.05 Ω
R2' = Req − R1 = 0.4 − 0.2 = 0.2 Ω
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns 2 × π × 900
ωs = = = 94.25 rad/sec
60 60

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
3 × (193.6 ) × 0.2
2
R2'
Tst = 3 ⋅ I1 ⋅ 2
= = 238.6 Nm
ωs 94.25
 
 WE١٣ J١F
٤٠٠E١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،،٦٠
 

R1 = 2 ⋅ R2' = 0.2Ω X 1 = 0.5Ω X 2' = 0.2Ω X m = 20Ω

‫א‬٨٠٠‫א‬١٧٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
n − n 1800 − 1755
s= s = = 0.025
ns 1800
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ze = (R + jX ) +
[(R / s ) + jX ]× ( jX )
'
2 2
'
m
1
[(R / s ) + jX ] + ( jX )
1
2
' '
2 m

Ze = (0.2 + j 0.5) +
[(0.1 / 0.025) + j 0.2]× ( j 20)
[(0.1 / 0.025) + j 0.2] + ( j 20)
Ze = (0.2 + j 0.5) +
[4 + j 0.2]× ( j 20)
4 + j 0.2 + j 20
Z e = (0.2 + j 0.5) + (3.77 + j 0.944) = 3.97 + j1.444 Ω
Z e = 4.223∠20 o Ω

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬
V ph = VL / 3 = 400 / 3 = 231 V
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
231
I ph = I L = = 54.65∠ − 20 ِA
4.223∠20
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

Pinp = P1 = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ
Pinp = P1 = 3 × 400 × 54.65 × Cos (− 20 ) = 35.58 kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pg = P1 − Pcu1 = P1 − 3 ⋅ I12 ⋅ R1
Pg = P1 − Pcu1 = 53580 − 3 × (54.65) × (0.2) = 33.788
2
kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pg = 3 ⋅ I 22 ⋅ R2' / s
Pg = 3 × (54.65) × (3.77 ) = 33.789
2
kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.025) × 33.79 = 32.94 kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬ E

P2 = Pm − Pf = 32940 − 800 = 32.14 kw
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

P2
Tu =
ωm
2 ⋅ π ⋅ n 2 × π × 1755
ωm = = = 183.8 rad/sec.
60 60
P 32140
Tu = 2 = = 174.9 Nm
ωm 183.8
- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W‫א‬ E
P2 32.14
η= = = 90.3%
P1 35.58
 

- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬
 

‫א‬،٦٠٦‫א‬  J١١
K‫א‬KKKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬٩٥٠‫א‬
١٠٠٠E ٩٧٥E ٥٠٠E ٤٧٥E
 

،٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٨٠E ٩٩E ٩٠E ١٠E
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٥E ٠{٨٦٦E ٠{٧٠٧E ‫א‬E
 

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
3 / 2 E 1 / 2 E E E
 

،٪١٢‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
KKKKKKKKKKK٪٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠E ٥٠E ١٦٠E ١٠٠E
 

KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٦
K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 

KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٧
K ‫א‬‫א‬ E
K ‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K ‫א‬‫א‬ E

 


 ‫א‬١٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬٩٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
‫א‬٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٥٠٠‫א‬  J١٩
،‫א‬١١٤٠٢٠،٦٠
 W‫א‬،١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬١٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ٠{٨٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 

٤،٢٠‫א‬  J٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠،٤٠٠
W‫א‬٤٠٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 

٤،١٠‫א‬  J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤٠٠،١٥٠
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠
K‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٢
٤٥٠‫א‬١٧١٠‫א‬٢٠٠
،‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٠
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٢٢٠‫א‬  J٢٣
‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٨‫א‬١٤٤٠‫א‬،٥٠
‫א‬،‫א‬٣٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠{٨
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 
٢٢٠‫א‬  J٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬١١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٧١٠،٦٠
 W‫א‬٠{٨٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٤٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١٠٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬٨٦٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠

R1=0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 Ω‫א‬ E

 
‫א‬   J٢٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٢٠

R1= 0.4 Ω R2`= 0.6 Ω X1 = 0.82 Ω X2`= 0.86 Ω

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬١٤٤٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٨
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 

R1= 0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
،
 ٦٠٠ ٤،  ‫א‬  J٢٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 

R1 = 0.75Ω R2' = 0.8Ω X 1 = X 2 = 2Ω'

X m = 50Ω
‫א‬٨٠٠‫א‬١٧٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬E
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١
 

 W‫א‬١ J٨ J١
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١{٥‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬٧٥‫א‬‫א‬
s=1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢{٥
⎛1 − s ⎞
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2' ⎜ ⎟ ‫א‬
⎝ s ⎠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F، ‫א‬،‫א‬
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬، ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٨ J١
،E٢١ J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

- ٥٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 ‫א‬‫א‬W٢١ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Auto-Transformer)W     W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٨ J١

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٢ J١‫א‬
 

E٢٢ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫ א‬1 / 3 ½‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 K

 WL‫א‬٣ J١ J٨ J١

،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٧ 1 : 3 ( )
،‫א‬E٢٣ J١F‫א‬K
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 \‫א‬‫א‬W٢٣ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Tmax)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEKsmax=1)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٤ J١‫א‬

 W‫א‬٥ J٢ J٨ J١

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨ J١
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٨ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٥ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٦ J١F‫א‬،
(Dahlander connection)‫א‬
، ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬
 ،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠٠{١٢٠٠{٩٠٠{٦٠٠
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 

‫א‬W٢٥ J١‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٦ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬٣ J٢ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬E∆LYF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬  J٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 KELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

K‫ א‬E

K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 

- ٥٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬E  ‫א‬E  E  E  E  ‫א‬E  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٠٦،‫א‬  J١٠


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣٠٠ E
K‫א‬١٠٠٠ E

K‫א‬١٥٠٠ E

 

١ JE ٠{٦٧E  ٣E  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠٦،‫א‬  J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٦٠٠ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٩٠٠ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٣٦٠٠ E

 

٢٤٠،٩٦٠E  ١٥،٦٠E  ٣٠،١٢٠E  ‫א‬

 

- ٦٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

Single Phase Induction Motors W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١

 W‫א‬١ J٩ J١
‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٧ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J١F‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
WE٤٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F1 = F1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٧ J١F‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE٤٨ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

B1 = B1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٨ J١F‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬E٤٩ J١F‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

1 1
B1 = B1max cos(θ - ωs ⋅ t ) + B1max cos(θ + ω s ⋅ t ) WE٤٩ J١F‫א‬
2 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،½B1max
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Bb‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Bf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Bb&Bf
 

B = B f + Bb WE٥٠ J١F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨ J١‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬(Superposition)
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٩ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ J١F‫א‬

- ٦٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،sf = s = (ns-n)/ns ‫א‬‫א‬،ns‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬(ns+n)،ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W  sb ‫א‬‫א‬
 

nS + n
sb = =2−s WE٥١ J١F‫א‬
nS

  ،‫א‬ (s=0.05) ٪٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W١٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬  ،٦٠،٢٣٠،‫א‬
W‫א‬٪٤‫א‬
sb‫א‬‫א‬ Ki
ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kii
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kiii
W‫א‬
i - Slip for the backward field ≡ sb = 2 - s = 2 - 0.04 = 1.96
120 × f 120 × 60
ii - The synchronous speed ≡ ns = = =1800 rpm
p 4
iii - The motor speed ≡ n = ( 1 - s ) ns = 0.96 ×1800 = 1728 rpm
 

- ٦٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩ J١
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Split-Phase Motor)     W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١ J٣ J٩ J١
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠ J١F‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  
، ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Ia‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬Im،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٣٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠ J١F‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬L‫א‬WE٣١ J١F‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E٪٧٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣١ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

W١٥ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠،١١٠،‫א‬
W‫א‬
Zm = 1.2 + j 25 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
Za = 12 + j 5 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
V1 110 ∠0 110 ∠0
Im = = = ‫א‬‫א‬
Z m 1.2 + j 25 25.03∠87.252
I m = 4 ∠ − 87.252 A
V 110 ∠0 110 ∠0
Ia = 1 = =  ‫א‬‫א‬
Z a 12 + j 5 13∠22.62
I a = 8.46∠ − 22.62 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
It = Im + Ia
I t = 4 ∠ − 87 . 25 + 8 . 46 ∠ − 22 . 62 o

I t = (0.192 − j 3.995) + (7.81 − j 3.254)

I t = 8.02 − j 7.25 = 10.8∠ − 42.11o A
Cos (− 42.11) = 0.742 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
θ = φm − φa = −87.25 − (− 22.62) = −64.63o
I m lags I a by 64.62 o

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

(Capacitor Motors)      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٩ J١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

Capacitor –Start Motor    W‫א‬‫א‬ K

،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٢ J١F ‫א‬،‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
‫א‬‫א‬K، 
 
‫א‬،Ia‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،E٣٣ J١F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FIm‫א‬
 K‫א‬K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٢ J١F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬KE٣٣ J١F‫א‬
، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٣ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

Permanent-Capacitor Motor   :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٤ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J١F‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
Two-Values Capacitor Motor   W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، 
 E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٧١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

W١٦ J١
،٦٠١٢٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Z m = 4.2 + j 3.8 Ω Z a = 8.8 + j 3.3 Ω

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

⎛ 3.8 ⎞
φm = tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 42.14
o

⎝ 4.2 ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
φa = 90 − φm = 47.86 o
 W‫א‬Xc‫א‬

⎛ X − 3 .2 ⎞ X c − 3 .2
tan −1 ⎜ c ⎟ = 47 . 86 = tan (47 . 86 ) = 1 . 1
⎝ 8 . 8 ⎠ 8 .8
X c = 1 . 1 × ( 8 . 8 ) + 3 . 2 = 12 . 93 Ω
 W‫א‬
1 1
Xc = =
ω ⋅ c 2 ⋅π ⋅ f ⋅ c
1 1
c= = = 205 µF
ω ⋅ X c 377 × 12.93
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

Shaded-Pole motor    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٩ J١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       EF     ،  ‫א‬  
 KE٣٦ J١F‫א‬، (Shading Coil)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦ J١F‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬E٣٦ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K

KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K K
K K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K

KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬ K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K K

KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
K‫ א‬K
K‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫ א‬K

KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K

KKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W

K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬(2p = 6) ٥٠،٢٣٠ ‫א‬  J٧

W‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬
K( sb )‫א‬‫ א‬Ki
ns‫א‬‫א‬ Kii
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kiii

١٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 
Z m = 4.2 + j 3.6 Ω  Z a = 8.4 + j 3.0 Ω
 
( 80˚ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬EVF .١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٧
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 K٢٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٩٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
 "Prime-Mover"‫א‬‫א‬"Synchronous Generator"
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬"Turbo-Alternators"‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،"Hydraulic Turbine"‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
"Reactive   ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
"Synchronous Compensators"‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Power"
 K(Synchronous Capacitors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٧٦
K،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"Multi-phases"‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،٢٣٠‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬"Electro-Magnetic Loading"‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
W Synchronous Machine‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬Armature‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬٦٢ ‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Silicon Steel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KE١ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،١٢٠‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(√3)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  Salient Pole Rotor      ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢ J٢F
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 KE٣ J٢F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٢‫א‬
 ٣٧٨‫א‬٢٣٥٩٢٥
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 Cylindrical Rotor       ‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٢FE٤ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٢‫א‬
 

- ٨٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٢‫א‬
 ١٨٠٣٧٥
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Exciter
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬ ، ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
n.P
f = WE١ J٢F‫א‬
120
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
E ph = 2.π . f .φ .Tph .KW
WE٢ J٢F‫א‬
E ph = 4.44. f .φ .Tph .KW
 

 W
 ‫א‬Wf
 ‫א‬‫א‬W φ
 ‫א‬WTph
 E١F‫א‬WKw
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Eph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F
،Vph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Xa)‫א‬،(Armature Reaction)‫א‬ ƒ
K(Ra)‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K(Xl)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 Armature Reaction        W‫א‬٥ J٢

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،Ear‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Eph
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬Vph ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦ J٢F‫א‬،BTotal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

BTotal = BR + Bs E٣ J٢F‫א‬

V ph = E ph + Ear E٤ J٢_‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٢‫א‬
 

- ٨٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

‫א‬Iph‫א‬E٦ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Bs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Eph‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ear‫א‬‫א‬،Ear
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٩٠‫א‬
 W
 

Ear = − jX a ⋅ I ph WE٥ J٢F‫א‬

 WE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 

V ph = E ph − jX a ⋅ I ph WE٦ J٢F‫א‬
 

 WE٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F‫א‬

 

 
 E٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J٢‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
(Armature Reaction Reactance)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ Ra‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Armature Leakage Reactance)
 W‫א‬‫א‬،Xl‫א‬‫א‬
 
V ph = E ph − Ra ⋅ I ph − jX l ⋅ I ph − jX a ⋅ I ph WE٧ J٢F‫א‬
 

- ٨٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ (Armature Leakage Reactance)E٧ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫(א‬Armature Reaction Reactance)  Xl ‫א‬‫א‬
 Xs(Synchronous Reactance)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Xa ‫א‬
 

Xs = Xa + Xl WE٨ J٢F‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

V ph = E ph − Ra ⋅ I ph − jX s ⋅ I ph WE٩ J٢F‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٢F‫א‬

E٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٢‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩ J٢F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٢‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

V ph = E ph − jX s ⋅ I ph  WE١٠ J٢F‫א‬

  Phasor Diagram     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢

E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬(Phasor Diagram)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E١٠ J٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 F
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E
 KE٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EVphُEphF(Eph>Vph)E١٠ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 
‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Vph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬Eph
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫( ﺗﻜ ﻮن‬δ)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
  Open Circuit Test    WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،Eph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬IF‫א‬Eph‫א‬
،E١٢ J٢F ‫א‬
 Open Circuit Characteristic(O.C.C.)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 KMagnetization Curve
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J٢‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J٢‫א‬
 

- ٩٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 Short Circuit Test        W‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Isc ‫א‬ ‫א‬ IF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Short ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Circuit Characteristic (S.C.C.)
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J٢‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤ J٢‫א‬
 

- ٩٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 WE١ J٢F
٣٦،
 ٢١ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥ J٢F
K‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬٣٦‫א‬  J٢
K١٢  J٣

 ١ J٢‫א‬‫א‬W١٥ J٢‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬  J١
E ph = V ph = VL / 3 = 21 / 3 = 12 KV
١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬٣٦‫א‬  J٢

P = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ
P 36 × 10 6
I ph = I L = = = 1000∠0 o A
3 ⋅ VL 3 × 21× 10 3

E ph = V ph ∠0 + jX s ⋅ I ph
o

- ٩٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
( )
E ph = 21000 / 3 ∠0 o + j × 9 × 1000 = 15000∠36.87 o V
 

 K٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 

 E١ J٢F‫א‬W١٦ J٢‫א‬

 

K٩٠‫א‬‫א‬،١٢  J٣

Q = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Sinφ
Q 12 × 10 6
I ph = I L = = = 333∠90 o A
3 ⋅ VL 3 × 21 × 10 3

E ph = V ph ∠0 o + jX s ⋅ I ph
( )
E ph = 21000 / 3 ∠0 o + 9∠90o × 333∠90 o
V
E ph = 12000∠0 o + 3000∠180 = 9000∠0 o
 

 K٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Xs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٢
(O.C.C.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Xs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٧ J٢F‫א‬(S.C.C.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Zs)(IF)‫א‬ -١

E ph AC
Zs = =  
I sc BC

W‫א‬‫א‬(Xs) -٢

X s = Z s2 − Ra2 WE١١ J٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Ra
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Xs،E١٧ J٢F‫א‬ Xs،IF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(O.C.C.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K(Xa)‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧ J٢‫א‬
 

- ٩٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 WE٢ J٢F
١٥‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤٠٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
E ph = V ph = VL / 3 = 15 / 3 = 8.66 KV
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ph 8660
X s = Zs = = = 0.412 Ω
I sc 21000
 

 Voltage Regulation:       W‫א‬٩ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬،
 W
 

E ph − V ph
Per unit Voltage Regulation = V .R. = WE١٢ J٢F‫א‬
V ph
،E‫א‬FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E١٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

AC
V .R. = for unity power factor  ١٣ J٢
OA

- ٩٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
AD
V .R. = for p.f. of 0.8 lagging
OA
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨ J٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٨ J٢F‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Eph ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠ J٢F
 KE١٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٢F‫א‬
 

 WE٣ J٢F
‫א‬E١ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٠{٩‫א‬٠{٩‫א‬
 

AB 15 − 12
For unity power factor load-V .R. = = × 100 = 25%  W‫א‬
OA 12
AC 18 − 12
For p.f. of 0.9 lagging-V .R. = = × 100 = 50%
OA 12
AD 11 − 12
For p.f. of 0.9 leading-V .R. = = × 100 = −8%
OA 12
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

E٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩ J٢F‫א‬

 

 WE٤ J٢F
‫א‬
 ٤٨٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Ω٠{١‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،E٢٠ J٢F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٦٠
‫א‬،‫א‬ ٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠٠‫א‬،Ω٠{٠١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬
 W
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬٤٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
،‫א‬٠{٨١٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬E
 K٤٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
، ٠{٨١٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬E
 K٤٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EFEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 E٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٠ J٢‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
I
V ph = VLine = 480∠0 o I ph = Line
3
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 

120 ⋅ f 120 × 60
ns = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
 

 EPh = VPh‫א‬E
 K٤{٥‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ٠{٨    ١٢٠٠   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   E
 Wф‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

φ = Cos (0.8) = 36.87

−1 o

1200
I ph = = 692.8∠ − 36.87 o A
3
 

 WEPh‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٢F‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
E ph = V ph + Ra ⋅ I ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
E ph = 480∠0 + (0.015) ⋅ (692.8∠ − 36.87 ) + ( j 0.1) ⋅ (692.8∠ − 36.87 )
E ph = 532∠5.3 V

، ٥٣٢  EPh ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ٤٨٠ VPh ‫א‬‫א‬   
  E٢٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥{٧IF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P0 ut = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pout = 3 × 480 × 1200 × 0.8 = 798 kw
Pcu1 = 3 ⋅ I ph2 ⋅ Ra ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pcu1 = 3 ⋅ (692.8) ⋅ (0.015) = 21.6
2
kw
Pinp = Pout + Pcu1 + Pcore + Pf W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pinp = 798 + 21.6 + 30 + 40 = 889.6 kw
P 798
η = out = × 100 = 89.7% W‫א‬
Pinp 889.6
 
‫א‬،(EPh=VPh) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ٥٣٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ EPhE
 W‫א‬
 
E phE = V ph + Ra ⋅ I ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
E ph = 480∠0 + (0.015) ⋅ (692.8∠36.87 ) + ( j 0.1) ⋅ (692.8∠36.87 )
E ph = 451∠7.9 V

- ١٠٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
، ٤٥١  EPh ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ٤٨٠ VPh ‫א‬‫א‬   
   E٢٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤{١‫א‬
 W‫א‬E
 

E ph − V ph 532 − 480
V .R. = = × 100 = 10.8%  WEF‫א‬
V ph 480
E − V ph 451 − 480
V .R . = ph = × 100 = −6.04%  WEF‫א‬
V ph 480
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٥ J٢F
،
 ١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ٠{٥ ‫א‬١{٢‫א‬‫א‬،٢٣٠
 K‫א‬٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Wф‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

VL 230
V ph = = = 132.8∠0 o V
3 3
S (KVA) 10 × 103
I ph = I L = = = 25.1∠ − 36.87 A
3 ⋅ VL 3 × 230
E ph = V ph + Ra ⋅ I ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
E ph = 132.8∠0 o + 0.5∠0 o × 25.1∠ − 36.87 + 1.2∠90 o × 25.1∠ − 36.87
E ph = 132.8∠0 o + 12.55∠ − 36.87 + 30.12∠53.13o V
E ph = 161.76 V
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،E٢١ J٢F
- ١٠٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

(OB ) = (OA ) + ( AB )
2 2 2

E ph2 = (V ph ⋅ Cosφ + I ph ⋅ Ra ) + (V ph ⋅ Sinφ + I ph ⋅ X s )

2 2

E ph = (132.8 × 0.8 + 25.1× 0.5) + (132.8 × 0.6 + 25.1× 1.2)

2 2
V
E ph = (106.24 + 12.55) + (79.68 + 30.12) = 161.76
2 2
V
 

E٥ J٢F‫א‬WE٢١ J٢F‫א‬

:‫א‬
E ph − V ph 161.76 − 132.8
V .R . = = = 21.8%  
V ph 132.8

 WE٦ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 Wф‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

I ph = 25.1∠36.87 A
E ph = V ph + I ph ⋅ Z s
I ph ⋅ Z s = 25.1∠36.87 × (0.5 + j1.2) = −8 + j 31.6
E ph = 132.8∠0 o − 8 + j 31.6 V
- ١٠٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
E ph = 128.7 V
:‫א‬
E ph − V ph 128.7 − 132.8
V .R. = = = −3.1%  
V ph 132.8
 
 WE٧ J٢F
١٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٦٠١٢{٦‫א‬١٥٠،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١{٥٣٥
 

VL(KV) 3.8 5.8 7.8 9.8 11.3 12.6 13.5 14.2

IF(A) 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،٧٠٠‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫א‬٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K ٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬  J٤
 W‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 

P 150 × 10 3

I ph = = = 8086 A
3 ⋅ VL ⋅ Cosφ 3 × 12.6 × 0.85
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٨٠٨٦٧٠٠F ‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢ J٢F
WE٢٢ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

- ١٠٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
AC 7.8 / 3
Xs = = = 0.979 Ω/phase
BC 4.6
 

 E٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٢ J٢‫א‬

WE٢٢ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

DF 13.5 / 3
Xs = = = 0.847 Ω/phase
EF 9.2
 W‫א‬٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬Eph‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 

P 150 × 103
I ph = I L = = = 8086∠ − 31.8o A
3 ⋅ VL ⋅ Cosφ 3 × 12.6 × 0.85
E ph = V ph + Ra ⋅ I ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
12.6 × 103
E ph = + (1.535 × 10 −3 × 8086∠ − 31.8o ) + (0.847∠90 o × 8086∠ − 31.8o )
3
E ph = 7275∠0 o + (10.55 − j 6.54 ) + (3609 + j 5821) V
E ph = 10894.55 + j 5814.5 = 12349∠28 o
V
E − V ph 12349 − 7275
V .R. = ph = = 69.75%
V ph 7275
 

- ١٠٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W ٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬Eph‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 

I ph = 8086∠31.8 A
E ph = V ph + Ra ⋅ I ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
12.6 × 103
E ph = + (1.535 × 10 −3 × 8086∠31.8o ) + (0.847∠90o × 8086∠31.8o )
3
E ph = 7275∠0 o + (10.55 + j 6.54 ) + (− 3609 + j 5821) V
E ph = 3676.55 + j 5827.5 = 6890∠57.8o V
E − V ph 6890 − 7275
V .R. = ph = = −5.3%
V ph 7275
 
EF،‫א‬ ٠{٨EFE٢٣ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٠{٨
 

 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFE٧ J٢F‫א‬WE٢٣ J٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Infinite Bus )‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 .(Bar

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Synchronization)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Er.m.s. valueF‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬-٢
 ACBABC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 KE‫א‬a‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ،E٢٤ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 :(Governor or Droop Characteristics)‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤ J٢‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٥ J٢‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٤
 KE٢٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WE٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 WE٨ J٢F
‫א‬
 ،
 ٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬٤٨‫א‬٥٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٧{٥‫א‬٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬‫א‬٣٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫؟‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 J٢٠٠٠F E٥٠ J٠F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٤٨{٢٠٠٠F E٥٠{٠F 
    ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    KE٤٧{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(abcd‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE٢٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(dh) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(abcd)   ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٦ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٣٣٤‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١٦٦٦‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٦٠٠،(efgh)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٨ J٢F‫א‬W٢٦ J٢‫א‬
 

 WE٩ J٢F
‫א‬
 ،
 ٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬٥٨‫א‬٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٤٧‫א‬٦١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫؟‬،‫א‬٣٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٦١ J٠F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KE٥٨{٢٠٠٠F E٦٠{٠F  ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٧ J٢٠٠٠F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬،(hkmn) & (defg) & (abc)‫א‬
 (ngcs) ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 KE٢٧ J٢F‫א‬
 

 
 E٩ J٢F‫א‬٢٧ J٢‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 (f)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
٥٨{٣‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ١٣٣٣ (e)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٦٦٧
 K(d)‫א‬
٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  ،(m) ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ٢٠٠٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬،‫א‬١٥٠٠،(k)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(h)‫א‬٥٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
،‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠٠٠‫א‬،(b)
 .(abc)‫א‬٥٩‫א‬
 ‫(؟‬xy) ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢ J٢
Infinite bus bars‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 b’،c‫א‬‫א‬c’،b‫א‬‫א‬ a’،a‫א‬
،
،‫א‬‫א‬Vb  ‫א‬Vm a’،a‫א‬Vs
،E٢٨ J٢F ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Vm=Vb)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 (Fm=Fb)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٤
K(Vs=0)
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٨ J٢‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٨ J٢‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (Vm=Vb)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢
W‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Vs = 0)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Synchroscope)WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٩ J٢F‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Fast)‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬،(Slow) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E12‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E12‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Synchroscope)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(Frequency Meters)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٢٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٢٩ J٢‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٣٠ J٢‫א‬
 

- ١١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

P = 3 ⋅ V ph⋅ I ph ⋅ Cosφ  E١٤ J٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ф W
 

،XS‫א‬‫א‬Ra‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
  Ra‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣١ J٢‫א‬
 

bc‫א‬E٣١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 Wabc،obc‫א‬  EXsIPhCos ф)(EPhSinδ)
 
E ph ⋅ Sinδ
I ph ⋅ Cosφ =
Xs

 W‫א‬E١٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
P= Sinδ = Pmax ⋅ Sinδ WE١٥ J٢F‫א‬
Xs

- ١١٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬،E٣٢ J٢F‫א‬δP‫א‬
،VPhEPhδ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F
 ،Torque angle‫א‬‫א‬Load angle‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬

،δ‫א‬‫א‬E  F‫א‬(Pmax)
 W(Sinδ=1)
 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
Pmax = WE١٦ J٢F‫א‬
Xs
 

 δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣٢ J٢‫א‬
 

 (0 < δ < 90)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٣٢ J٢F‫א‬(-90 < δ < 0)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   E١٥ J٢F‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WE١٧ J٢F‫א‬(ωs)‫א‬‫א‬
 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
T= Sinδ = Tmax ⋅ Sinδ WE١٧ J٢F‫א‬
ωs ⋅ X s
 

- ١١٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

 WE١٠ J٢F
٣٦،٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ١٧{٣،
 W،١٢‫א‬‫א‬،٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
W‫א‬
V ph = VL / 3 = 17.3 / 3 = 10 KV
E ph = 12 KV
δ = 30 o
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph
P= × Sinδ
Xs
3 × 12 × 10
P= × Sin(30) = 40 × 0.5 = 20 MW
9
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph 3 × 12 × 10
Pmax = = = 40 MW
Xs 9
 
 WE١١ J٢F
 W‫א‬١٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K،δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬٣٦‫א‬E
 K‫א‬٠{٨٣٦‫א‬E
 W‫א‬
 
V ph = 12∠0 o
KV
 WE١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬٣٦‫א‬E

E ph ∠δ = 15∠36.87 o KV
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph
P = Pmax ⋅ Sinδ = × Sinδ
Xs
3 × 15 × 12
P= × Sinδ = 60 × Sinδ MW
9
P = 60 × Sin(36.87 ) = 60 × 0.6 = 36 MW
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph
Pmax = = 60 MW
Xs
 W‫א‬٣٦‫א‬‫א‬

2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns 2 × π × 1800
ωs = = = 188.5 rad/sec.
60 60
P 60 × 10 6 × Sinδ
T= = = 318310 × Sinδ Nm
ωs 188.5
T = 318310 × Sin(36.87 ) = 318310 × 0.6 = 191000 Nm
Tmax = 318310 Nm
 Wф‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٨٣٦‫א‬E

φ = Cos −1 (0.8) = 36.87

P = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ
P 36 × 10 6
I ph = I L = = = 1237∠ − 36.87 o A
3 ⋅ VL ⋅ Cosφ 3 × 21 × 10 × 0.8
3

E ph = V ph ∠0 o + jX s ⋅ I ph
( )
E ph = 21000 / 3 ∠0 o + 9∠90 × 1237∠ − 36.87
E ph = 12000∠0 o + 11133∠53.13
E ph = 12000∠0 o + 6680 + j8906
E ph ∠δ = 18680 + j8906 = 20694∠25.49 o V
 W٠{٨٣٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph
P= × Sinδ
Xs
3 × 20.694 × 12
P= × Sinδ = 82.776 × Sinδ MW
9
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
P = 82776 × Sin(25.49) = 82.776 × 0.43 = 36 MW
3 ⋅ E ph ⋅ V ph
Pmax = = 82.776 MW
Xs
 W٠{٨٣٦‫א‬‫א‬
 

P 82.776 × 10 × Sinδ 6

T= = = 435000 × Sinδ Nm
ωs 188.5
T = 435000 × Sin(25.49) = 435000 × 0.43 = 187000 Nm
Tmax = 435000 Nm
 

- ١٢١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
‫؟‬‫א‬  J١٣
‫؟‬‫א‬  J١٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٢
‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٣
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٤
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٥
‫א‬، ١٣{٢‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢٦
‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٣٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٧
،‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٨‫א‬ ٦٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٧‫א‬ ٦٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬٥٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ١٠ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    J٢٨
‫א‬ ،٠{١ ‫א‬٠{٦٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٦٠‫א‬١١
K‫א‬٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Eph)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٩
‫א‬،٠{٠١٦ ‫א‬٠{٠٧ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٥٠‫א‬٢٢٠
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Eph)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E، ٠{٧٢E،‫א‬٠{٧٢ E
 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٠

‫א‬،٠{١‫א‬٠{٦٦‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠١١
 ‫א‬٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Eph)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣١
١{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠٠٢٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٠٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬٠{٨ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K ٠{٨ J٣
 E٪٥{٥ JF J٣  ٪١٠{٦ J٢ ٪٢،٢٢ J١W‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٢
 E١٥F–٣  E١٣F J٢  E٧{٢F J١W‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬١٢{٥F J٢  E٠{٩٩٧F J١W‫א‬
 

٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٤

‫א‬K،(0.1+j1.5)‫א‬‫א‬٥٠٠
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٧{٦،١٠٧٥F   E٥٠F‫א‬
 


 ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(0+j0.8)‫א‬‫א‬٢٣٠
 K ٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 E٪٧{٢F J٣  E٪٢{٥F J٢  E٪١٨{٧ JF J١W‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣٦

 E٤{٨F J٣  E١٢{٨F J٢  E٢٦{٥F J١W‫א‬
- ١٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 

٢٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٧
  K  (0.4+j1.2)‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٠٣٠
 J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٣
 

٣٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٣ J٢F‫א‬
 E٥{٢F J٢ E١٥F J١W‫א‬
 

‫א‬
 ٢٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J٣٨
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠

Eph 600 1200 1800 2230 2520 2700 2800 2850

IF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠{١٥‫א‬١{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٨٢٥٠
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬٢٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬ ٠{٨٥ 
 ٢٥٠‫א‬‫א‬E
 K٢٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
،  ٠{٨٢٥٠‫א‬‫א‬E
 K٢٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ٢٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣٩
‫א‬،‫א‬١{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬١{٧٥‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٧٨١٠٠‫א‬
٢٨٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٢‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬٠{٧٨‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K ٠{٧٨‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬٠{٧٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 

- ١٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Synchronous Motors‫א‬
، E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eδ‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٢{٥١{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J٢F‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣٤ J٢‫א‬

،  ‫א‬Vph Eph‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬(floating)W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vph‫א‬Eph‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Xs I‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Ex‫א‬،E٣٥ J٢F‫א‬
  
Vph‫א‬،Xs‫א‬ Ex٩٠‫א‬I‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٥ J٢F‫א‬
 K
 

EF‫א‬EF‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J٢F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

E x = V ph − E ph WE١٨ J٢F‫א‬
V − E ph E
I = ph = x = − jE x / X s WE١٩ J٢F‫א‬
jX s jX s
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ) Eph
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠ J٢F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

V ph = E ph + jX s ⋅ I ph
WE٢٠ J٢F‫א‬
E ph = V ph − jX s ⋅ I ph
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٣٦ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FW٣٦ J٢‫א‬
‫ًا‬EF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬Eph‫א‬E٣٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬،Vph‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢ J٢F‫א‬(δ)
(Eph>Vph)Vph Eph‫א‬‫א‬(Eph<Vph)Vph Eph
- ١٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Eph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 Vph
 

 WE١٢ J٢F

 ٣٩٨٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ٢٥‫א‬١٧٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬٣٠δ‫א‬‫א‬٢٢‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
K‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬  J٣
 W‫א‬
WE١٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

VL 3980
V ph = = = 2300∠0 V
3 3
E ph = 1790∠ − 30 o V
E x = V ph − E ph
E x = 2300∠0 − 1790∠ − 30 = 1168∠50o V
٥٠‫א‬‫ ﺑﺰاوﻳ ﺔ‬Vph‫א‬١١٦٨Ex‫א‬
 KE٣٧ J٢F‫א‬

 E١٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٧ J٢F‫א‬

 

WE١٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

- ١٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E x 1168∠50
I= = = 53∠ − 40 o A
jX s 22∠90
 K٤٠‫א‬‫ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ‬Vph٥٣I‫א‬
W‫א‬  J٣
The power factor= Cosφ = Cos (− 40 ) = 0.677 lagging
 

 WE١٣ J٢F
٢٣٠٠،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٥٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٠{١‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٠{٨٦٦
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

E ph = V ph − Ra ⋅ I ph − jX s ⋅ I ph
E ph = V ph − I ph Z s
I ph = 350∠30 o
2300 o
E ph = ∠0 − [(350∠30 o ) × (0.1 + j 2 )]
3
E ph = 1328∠0 o − [− 318 + j 624]
E ph = 1328∠0 o + 318 − j 624 = 1646 − j 624
E ph = 1760∠ − 21o V
 

 WE١٤ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬٤٠٠ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ٠{١٥‫א‬٣‫א‬٪٩٠
 W‫א‬E٣٨ J٢F‫א‬،٠{٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬  J٢
 

- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

١٤ J٢‫א‬WE٣٨ J٢F‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬
 

400
V ph = = 231 V
3
Pout 15 × 746
The input power = Pinp = = = 12433 W
efficiency 0.9
P 12433
Ia = = = 22.4∠36.87 o A
3 ⋅ VL ⋅ ( p. f .) 3 × 400 × 0.8
I ph ⋅ Z s = 22.4∠36.87 × (0.15 + j 3) = 22.4∠36.87 o × 3∠87.13o V
I ph ⋅ Z s = 67.2∠124 = −37.58 + j 55.7 V
E ph = V ph − I ph ⋅ Z s
E ph = 231∠0 o − (− 37.58 + j 55.7 ) V
E ph = 268.58 − j 55.7 = 274∠ − 11.7 o V
 KVphE١١{٧F‫א‬δ‫א‬٢٧٤Eph
 ١١{٧δ‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K٩{٢٢٧٤‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J٢
 

- ١٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
P= Sinδ WE٢١ J٢F‫א‬
Xs
δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٢F‫א‬
 E٣٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬٩٠δ‫א‬
 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
Pmax = WE٢٢ J٢F‫א‬
Xs
 E٢٣ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
T= Sinδ
ωs ⋅ X s
WE٢٣ J٢F‫א‬
3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
Tmax =
ωs ⋅ X s
 WE١٥ J٢F
‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٣٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٦٠
 W٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬
Kδ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
Kδ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
K‫א‬  J٦
W‫א‬
WE٢١ J٢F‫א‬Kδ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

V ph = VL / 3 = 460 / 3 = 266 V
- ١٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

3 ⋅ V ph ⋅ E ph
P= Sinδ
Xs
3 × 266 × 300
P= Sinδ = 300 × Sinδ kw
0.8
WE٢٣ J٢F‫א‬Kδ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
WE٢٣ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٦

P 300 × Sinδ 300

T= = = Sinδ
ωs 2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns / 60 (2 × π × 1200 ) / 60
T = 240 ⋅ Sinδ Nm
Pull-Out torque = Tmax = 240 Nm
 

 WE١٦ J٢F
٢٣٠٠،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ٠{٢٥‫א‬٣‫א‬
‫א‬Eph‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥ JF‫א‬‫א‬
 WVph‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬  J٢
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬E٣٩ J٢F‫א‬(Eph=Vph)‫א‬
 

I a ⋅ Z s = 2 ⋅ V ⋅ Sin(δ / 2 )
2300
E ph = V ph = V = = 1328 V
3
Z s = (0.23) + (3) ≈ 3
2 2
Ω
2 ⋅V 2 × 1328
Ia = Sin(δ / 2 ) = Sin(7.5o ) = 115.6 A
Zs 3
 

- ١٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ١٦ J٢‫א‬W٣٩ J٢‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

V ph ⋅ E ph
P = Vph ⋅ I a ⋅ Cosφ = Sinδ W
Xs
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ph 1328
p. f . = Cosφ = Sinδ = Sin(15) = 0.991 lagging
Ia ⋅ X s 115.6 × 3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬(V)١٧ J٢
،IF‫א‬Iph‫א‬
،،E٤٠ J٢F‫א‬P
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، P‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬Q‫א‬
‫א‬Q‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬P‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬VW٤٠ J٢‫א‬
 

 WE١٧ J٢F
 ،٪٠{٨٥١٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤٠٠
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬K(Eph)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬٤٦،٧،١٠‫א‬
Pout = 10 × 0.746 = 7.47 kw
Pout 7.46
Pin = = = 8.775 kw
efficiency 0.85
Pin = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pin 8775
I L = I ph = = = 12.67∠0 o A
3 ⋅ VL ⋅ Cosφ 3 × 400 × 1
 W Eph
E ph = V ph − jX s ⋅ I ph
( )
E ph = 400 / 3 − (10∠90 o ) ⋅ (12.67∠0 o )
E ph = 231 − 126.7∠90 = 263.5∠ − 28.74 o V
- ١٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،VphE٢٨{٧٤F‫א‬δ‫א‬٢٣٦{٥Eph
 E٤١ J٢F‫א‬

 E١٧ J٢F‫א‬W٤١ J٢‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬١٨ J٢

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 WE٤٢ J٢F‫א‬(Tmax)‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬W٤٢ J٢‫א‬
 

- ١٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩ J٢
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 Synchronous Condenser‫א‬
 

The Synchronous Condenser:      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(δ=0)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Vph‫א‬ Eph
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٠‫א‬I‫א‬،١٨٠‫א‬(Ex=Vph-Eph)Ex‫א‬
‫א‬Vph٩٠‫א‬‫א‬ Ex
‫א‬‫א‬،٩٠Vph‫א‬‫א‬،Ea٤٣ J٢F
‫א‬،Eph ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،I‫א‬Ex  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤٣ J٢‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  Eph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

I‫א‬،Vph(Ex = Vph - Eph) Ex‫א‬Vph‫א‬
‫א‬Vph‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ex٩٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،Eb٤٣ J٢F
،٢٠٠٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 WE١٨ J٢F
١٦٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١{٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،١٦
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FEph‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠‫א‬  J١
١٦٠‫א‬  J٢
 W‫א‬
W١٦٠‫א‬  J١
Q 120 × 10 6
I= = = 4335 A
3 ⋅ VL 3 × 16000

V ph = VL / 3 = 16000 / 3 = 9250∠0 V  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬،٩٠Vph‫א‬I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I = 4335∠90 A
E x = I ⋅ jX s = 4335∠90 × 1.28∠90 = 5550∠180 V
 WEph
E ph = V ph − jI ⋅ X s = V ph − E x
E ph = 9250∠0 − (4335∠90 × 1.28∠90 )
E ph = 9250∠0 − (5550∠180 ) = 14800∠0 V

- ١٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Ea٤٤ J٢F‫א‬VphEph
 

 E١٨ J٢F٤٤ J٢‫א‬

 

W١٦٠‫א‬  J٢

Q 160 × 10 6
I= = = 5780 A
3 ⋅ VL 3 × 16000
 W‫א‬،٩٠Vph‫א‬‫א‬I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

I = 5780∠ − 90 A
E x = I ⋅ jX s = 5780∠ − 90 × 1.28∠90 = 7400∠0 V
 
E ph = V ph − jI ⋅ X s
E ph = 9250∠0 − (5780∠ − 90 × 1.28∠90 )
E ph = 9250∠0 − (7400∠0) = 1850∠0 V
Eb٤٤ J٢FVph‫א‬Eph


- ١٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬(pony motor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(synchronous-induction motor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

W
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 

K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F W‫א‬
 

٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٦٠EF‫א‬
 Kδ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ KEph‫א‬‫א‬ J١‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠{٥ JF J٢ E٢٤٦{٦F J١W‫א‬

٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
٩٦٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٢{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
، ٠{٨‫א‬١١‫א‬١٤٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ILine ،IPh ،EPh J
 Kδ‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Kδ‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬ J
.Tmax‫א‬ J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬٤٨٠  ‫א‬  J١٢

‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬
 W ٨٥،٠٤٠٠‫א‬
 IPh ، EPh‫א‬ J
 Kδ‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Kδ‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬ J
  TmaxK‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬K٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٨٠
 W‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬
 Kδ‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Kδ‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KTmax‫א‬ J
 
١٤٠‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
١{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،
  ١٦
   
 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FEph‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٠٠‫א‬ J‫א‬
 K١٤٠‫א‬ J

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
• Electric Machinery Fundamentals, Stephen J. Chapman, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
• An Introduction to Electrical Machines and Transformers, George McPherson, John
Wiley & Sons, 1981.
• Electrical Technology, B. L. Theraja and A. K. Theraja, Nirja Construction &
Development, 1989.
• Electrical Technology , Edward Hughes,
ISBN:0-07-02134-5
• Electric Machines G. R. Slemon and A. Straughan, Eddison-Weslley, 1980
• Electrical Machines and Transformers-Principles and applications, P. F. Ryff, D.
Platnick, and J. A. Karnas, Printice Hall
• Electric Machinery, M. S. Sarma, West Publishing Company, 1994
 
 

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  ‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
٣  Induction Motors
٣ Three Phase Induction MotorsW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣  W
٤ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ J١
٤ ‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J١
٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J١
٥  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٦  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J١
١٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J١
١١  W‫ א‬٤ J١
١٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١
١٥  W
١٨ The Equivalent CircuitW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٦ J١
٢١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J١
٢٢ No Load Test or Open Circuit TestWWE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬J
٢٤
Locked Rotor Test (or Short Circuit Test)W
٢٥ Dc Test:    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢٩  W
٣١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J١
٣١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J ٧ J١
٣٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧ J١
٣٩  W) sm (‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٧ J١
٤٦  W
  ‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

٥٢  W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J١
٥٢ W‫א‬١ J٨ J١
٥٢  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٨ J١
٥٣ (Auto-Transformer)W  W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٨ J١
٥٤ W‫א‬٣ J١ J٨ J١
٥٤  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J٨ J١
٥٥ W‫א‬٥ J١ J٨ J١
٥٥ W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨ J١
٥٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٨ J١
٥٦  W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٨ J١
٥٧  W‫א‬٣ J٢ J٨ J١
٥٨  W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠ Single Phase Induction Motors W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٩ J١
٦٠ W‫א‬ J١ J٩ J١
٦٠ W‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J١
٦٤  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩ J١

٦٤ (Split-Phase W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٩ J١

Motor)
٦٧ (Capacitor Motors)W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٩ J١
٦٧  W‫א‬‫א‬ K

٦٩ (Permanent-Capacitor Motor.) :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

٧٠ (Two-Values Capacitor Motor.)W‫א‬ K
٧٢ (Shaded-Pole Motor) W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
٧٤  W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٦  W
  ‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

٧٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٧٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٩  W
٨٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٢
٨٠ W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢
٨١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢
٨١ Salient Pole Rotor     ‫א‬ J
٨٣ Cylindrical Rotor      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٨٤ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٢
٨٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٢
٨٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٤ J٢
٨٧ Armature Reaction       W‫א‬ ٥ J٢
٩٠ Phasor Diagram    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ J٢
٩١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J٢
٩٢ Open Circuit Test   WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
٩٣ Short Circuit Test      W‫א‬‫א‬ J
٩٦  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J٢
٩٧ Voltage Regulation:     W‫א‬ ٩ J٢
١٠٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠ J٢
١٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٨  W‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١ J٢
١١٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢ J٢
  ‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  

١١٢  W‫א‬‫א‬ J
١١٤ (Synchroscope)WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١١٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١٣ J٢
١٢١  W
١٢٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٤ J٢
١٢٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥ J٢
١٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١٦ J٢
١٣٤ W‫א‬‫א‬(V) ١٧ J٢
١٣٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬ ١٨ J٢
١٣٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١٩ J٢
١٣٧ The Synchronous Condenser:     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٤٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠ J٢
١٤٠  W‫א‬ J
١٤٠  W‫א‬ J
١٤٠  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٤١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٤١  W‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٤٢  W
١٤٤ ‫א‬‫א‬