At the end of the lesson the students

must be able to:

1. Enumerate the theories about the
universe
2. Explain the difference between the
theories.
What is universe?
❖ A universe contains the Earth and everything
on it.
❖ It also contains everything in the solar
system.
❖ All stars, of which the Sun is one, are part of
the universe.
Theories about universe?
❖ Big Bang Theory
❖ Big Crunch theory
❖ Steady State Theory
❖ Oscillating Theory
❖ Creation Theory
BIG BANG THEORY
❖ They believe the universe was created 10-15
billion years ago.
❖ Billions of years ago, the Universe was very
small. A huge explosion, referred to by
astronomers as the Big Bang, sent the entire
universe flying out at incredible speeds.
BIG BANG THEORY
❖ Eventually matter cooled and condensed
into galaxies and stars.
HOW DID THE BIG BANG FORM GALAXIES?
❖ Hydrogen and Helium are left in space after
the Big Bang.
❖ Planets formed.
BIG BANG THEORY
❖ About 200 Million years later, Hydrogen and
Helium joined to form stars.

❖ Stars were drawn together by gravity to form

a family of stars called- GALAXIES
BIG CRUNCH THEORY
❖ The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the
ultimate fate of the universe, in which the
expansion of the universe eventually reverses and
the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the
cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event
potentially followed by a reformation of the
universe starting with another Big Bang.
STEADY STATE THEORY
❖ In the 1940s a competing hypothesis arose,
called the Steady State theory.
❖ Some astronomers turned to this idea simply
because, at the time, there wasn't enough
information to test the Big Bang.
STEADY STATE THEORY
❖ Under the Steady State theory, stars and
galaxies may change, but on the whole the
universe has always looked the way it does
now, and it always will.
STEADY STATE THEORY
❖ The Steady State theory fails, however, in one
important way. If matter is continuously created
everywhere, then the average age of stars in any
section of the universe should be the same.
❖ But astronomers have found that not to be true.
STEADY STATE THEORY
❖ Since astronomers haven't found quasars that
formed recently, they conclude the universe must
have changed over time.
❖ The discovery of quasars has put the Steady State
theory on unsteady ground.