PLAGIARISM
-It is an act of fraud. It involves stealing
some else’s work and is considered as a
serious ethical offense (Wyson, 2016)
PARAPHRASING
-it involves restating or rewriting in your
own words the essential ideas or quotes
of another writer (Alfred et. al 2009),
- does not directly quote the original text,
quotation marks (“”) aren’t used.
Tips in Paraphrasing
1.) Read the text thoroughly.
2.) Express the same thought or
message in your own words.
3.) Change the structure of the
sentence or paragraph.
4.) Provide citations to acknowledge
the author or source of
information.
5.) Remember that there is more than
one way to paraphrase a text.
Two Most Common Citation Styles
1.) American Psychological
Association (APA)
-It is commonly used within the
social sciences discipline.
-It follows the author-date system
of citation. (Avilla, 2009)
-the complete bibliographic
information should appear on the
“reference list” page.
Work by a single author
-The last name of the author and
the year of publication are placed
in the text. (Santos, 2014)
Work by Two Authors
-Name both authors in the signal
phrase or in the parentheses each
time you cite the work. (Santos &
Reyes, 2014)
Work by Three- Five Authors
-List all the authors in the signal
phrase. (David, Garcia & Isabelo,
2014) 4+ (David et al., 2014)
Unknown Author
-If the work doesn’t have an
author, cite the source by its title
in the signal phrase. (“Using APA”,
2001.) or (Anonymous, 2001)
Organization as an Author
-If the author is an organization or
a government agency, mention the
organization in the signal phrase.
(National Institute of Chemistry,
2013) or (NIC, 2013)
2.) Modern Language Association
(MLA)
-Commonly used within the liberal
arts and humanities disciplines.
-Follows the author-page method
of in-text citation. (Palomar 20-21)