Iso WD 10360 10 - 230712 - 145252

ISO/WD 10360-10
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative References...........................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and Definitions...........................................................................................................................2
4 Symbols..................................................................................................................................................3
5 Environmental and metrological requirements..................................................................................4
5.1 Environmental conditions ....................................................................................................................4
5.2 Operating conditions ............................................................................................................................4
5.3 Length measurement error, EL .............................................................................................................4
5.4 Probing form error, PF ...........................................................................................................................5
5.5 Probing size error, PS ............................................................................................................................5
5.6 Probing location error, PL .....................................................................................................................5
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests ..........................................................................................5
6.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................5
6.2 Probe errors ...........................................................................................................................................6
6.2.1 Principle..................................................................................................................................................6
6.2.2 Measuring equipment ...........................................................................................................................6
6.2.3 Procedure ...............................................................................................................................................6
6.2.4 Derivation of test results ......................................................................................................................7
6.3 Probing location errors (two-face tests) .............................................................................................8
6.3.1 Principle..................................................................................................................................................8
6.3.3 Procedure ...............................................................................................................................................8
6.3.4 Derivation of test results ......................................................................................................................9
6.4 Length errors .........................................................................................................................................9
6.4.1 Principle..................................................................................................................................................9
6.4.3 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................10
6.4.4 Derivation of test results ....................................................................................................................15
7 Compliance with specification ...........................................................................................................16
7.1 Acceptance tests .................................................................................................................................16
7.2 Reverification tests .............................................................................................................................16
8 Applications .........................................................................................................................................16
8.1 Acceptance test ...................................................................................................................................16
8.2 Reverification test ...............................................................................................................................17
8.3 Interim check........................................................................................................................................17
9 Indication in product documentation and data sheets....................................................................17
Annex A (normative) FORMS ..........................................................................................................................19
Annex B (normative) Calibrated Test Lengths .............................................................................................21
Annex C (normative) THERMAL COMPENSATION OF WORKPIECES .......................................................22
Annex D (informative) ACHIEVING THE ALTERNATIVE MEASURING VOLUME.......................................23
Annex E (informative) INTERIM TESTING......................................................................................................25
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/WD 10360-10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10360-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical
specifications and verification.
ISO 10360 consists of the following parts, under the general title Introductory element — Main element:
⎯ Part 1: Vocabulary
⎯ Part 2: CMMs used for measuring size
⎯ Part 3: CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as the fourth axis
⎯ Part 4: CMMs used in scanning measuring mode
⎯ Part 5: CMMs probing performance with contacting probing system
⎯ Part 6: Estimation of errors in computing of Gaussian associated features
⎯ Part 7: CMMs equipped with video probing systems
⎯ Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
⎯ Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems
⎯ Part 10: Laser Trackers used for measuring point-to-point distances
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10360-10
Introduction
This part of ISO 10360 is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a
general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences link 5 of the chains of standards on size, distance,
radius, angle, form, orientation, location, run-out and datums. For more detailed information of the relation of
this part of ISO 10360 to other standards and the GPS matrix model see annex B.
The tests of this part of ISO 10360 have two technical objectives: (1) to test the error of indication of a
calibrated test length using a Laser Tracker and (2) to test the errors in the Laser Tracker. The benefits of
these tests are that the measured result has a direct traceability to the unit length, the meter, and that it gives
information on how the Laser Tracker will perform on similar length measurements.
This part of ISO 10360 is distinct from that of ISO 10360-2, which is for CMMs equipped with contact probing
systems, in that the orientation of the test lengths reflect the different instrument geometry and error sources
within the instrument.
All the definitions in clause 3 will appear in the next issue of ISO 10360-1.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v

WORKING DRAFT ISO/WD 10360-10
Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and

reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)
— Part 10: Laser Trackers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10360 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a Laser Tracker by
measuring calibrated test lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that
enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the Laser Tracker. The acceptance and
reverification tests given in this part of ISO 10360 are applicable only to Laser Trackers utilising a retro-
reflector as a probing system. Laser Trackers that use interferometry (IFM), absolute distance meter (ADM)
measurement, or both may be verified using this part of ISO 10360.
This standard does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate frame or
to systems that use different probing accessories; however, the parties may apply this part of 10360 to such
systems by mutual agreement.
This International Standard specifies:
⎯ performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacture or the user of the Laser Tracker,
⎯ the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated
requirements,
⎯ rules for proving conformance, and
⎯ applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the cited editions apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10360-1:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification test for
coordinate measuring machines (CMM) — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 14253-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces

and measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or nonconformance with
specifications
ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 1: General
terms and definitions
ISO/TS 23165:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Guidelines for the evaluation of coordinate
measuring machine (CMM) test uncertainty
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated
terms (VIM).
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/WD 10360-10
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1
interferometric measurement (IFM) mode
measurement method that uses a laser displacement interferometer internal to a laser tracker to determine
distance (range) to a target
NOTE: The target is typically a retroreflector.
3.2
absolute distance meter (ADM) measurement mode
measurement method that uses time of flight techniques to determine the distance (range) to a target
NOTE: The target is typically a retroreflector.
3.3
retroreflector
passive device designed to reflect light back parallel to the incident direction over a range of incident angles
NOTE 1: Typical retroreflectors are the cat’s-eye and the cube corner.
NOTE 2: Retroreflectors are cooperative targets
3.4
spherically mounted retroreflector (SMR)
retroreflector that is mounted in a spherical housing
NOTE: In the case of an open-air cube corner, the vertex is typically adjusted to be coincident with the sphere center.
3.5
length measurement error
EL
error of indication when performing a point-to-point distance measurement using a laser tracker with a probe
offset length of L
NOTE E0 (used throughout this document) corresponds to the common case of no probe offset length, as the
retroreflector optical center is coincident with the physical center of the probing system.
3.6
probing form error
PF
error of indication within which the range of radii can be determined by a least-squares fit of points measured
by a laser tracker on a spherical material standard of size
3.7
probing size error
PS
error of indication within which the diameter of a spherical material standard of size can be determined by a
least-squares fit of points measured with a laser tracker
3.8
probing location error
PL
the apparent Euclidean distance between two measurements taken with the retroreflector placed in a single
location, the second measurement being taken with the azimuth axis at approximately 180 degrees from the
first measurement and the elevation angle reflected about the vertical (e.g. +82 degrees to -82 degrees).
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10360-10
NOTE: This combination of axis rotation is known as a two face, or plunge and reverse test.
NOTE It is often the case that the Range of two measurements is assumed to be the same, as the range information
may not be obtainable for the second measurement.
3.9
maximum permissible error of length measurement
EL, MPE
extreme value of the length measurement error, EL, permitted by specifications
NOTE E0, MPE is used throughout this document.
3.10
maximum permissible error of probing form
PF, MPE
extreme value of the probing form error, PF, permitted by specifications
3.11
maximum permissible error of probing size
PS, MPE
extreme value of the probing size error, PS, permitted by specifications
3.12
maximum permissible error of probing location
PL, MPE
extreme value of the probing location error, PL, permitted by specifications
4 Symbols
For the purpose of this part of ISO 10360, the symbols of Table 1 apply.
Table 1 - Symbols
Symbol Meaning
EL Length measurement error
PF Probing form error
PS Probing size error
PL Probing location error (from two face tests)
EL, MPE Maximum permissible error of length measurement
PF, MPE Maximum permissible error of probing form
PS, MPE Maximum permissible error of probing size
PL, MPE Maximum permissible error of probing location (from two face tests)

ISO/WD 10360-10
5 Environmental and metrological requirements

A manufacturer’s specification that conforms to this part of ISO 10360 shall include completed Form 1
(General Specifications and Rated Conditions – Annex A) and the specifications of Form 2 (Manufacturer’s
Performance Specifications and Test Results – Annex A). The manufacturer shall provide a formula for
calculating the maximum permissible error (MPE) for bidirectional length measurements, the MPE for the
probing tests and the two face tests that are applicable over the entire range of rated conditions as described
in Form 1.
5.1 Environmental conditions
Limits for permissible environmental conditions such as temperature conditions, air pressure, humidity, and
vibration at the site of installation that influence the measurements shall be specified by:
⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;
⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.
In both cases, the user is free to choose the environmental conditions under which the testing will be
performed within the specified limits (as supplied in the data sheet of the manufacturer. See Form 1 –
Annex A).
5.2 Operating conditions
The Laser Tracker shall be operated using the procedures given in the manufacturer's operating manual when
conducting the tests given in Clause 6. Specific areas in the manufacturer's manual to be adhered to are, for
example:
a) machine start-up/warm-up cycles,
b) machine self-compensation procedures
c) cleaning procedures for retroreflector,
d) retroreflector qualification,
e) location, type, and number of environmental sensors (i.e. "the weather station"),
f) location, type, number of thermal workpiece sensors.
5.3 Length measurement error, EL
The length measurement errors, the EL values, shall not exceed the maximum permissible error,
EL, MPE stated by:
⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests,
The length measurement errors (the EL values) and the maximum permissible error of length measurement,
E0L MPE, are expressed in micrometers.
The manufacturer may, at his discretion, specify the maximum permissible error of point-to-point length
measurements when measuring radially (when the reference length is oriented along a radial direction of the

ISO/WD 10360-10
laser tracker) or transverse (when the not-extended point-to-point segment itself is perpendicular to a radial
direction of the laser tracker). The notation is E0R with E0R, MPE and E0T with E0T, MPE, respectively.
5.4 Probing form error, PF
The probing form error, PF, shall not exceed the maximum permissible error, PF, MPE, stated by
The probing form error and the maximum permissible error of probing form are expressed in micrometers.
5.5 Probing size error, PS
The probing size error, PS, shall not exceed the maximum permissible error, PS, MPE, stated by
The probing size error and the maximum permissible error of probing size are expressed in micrometers.
5.6 Probing location error, PL
The probing location error, PL, shall not exceed the maximum permissible error, PL, MPE, stated by
The probing location value and the maximum permissible error of probing location are expressed in
micrometers.
6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests
6.1 General
In the following:
⎯ acceptance tests are executed according to the manufacturer's specifications and procedures
⎯ reverification tests are executed according to the user's specifications and the manufacturer's procedures

ISO/WD 10360-10
6.2 Probe errors
6.2.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to measure the size and form of a test sphere using 25 points probed
with the retroreflector and attribute the observed form error to the probing system. A least-squares sphere fit of
the 25 points is examined for the errors of indication for form and size. This analysis yields the form error, PF,
and the size error, PS.
Two types of errors in the SMR may influence the results of this test. If the sphere within which the
retroreflector is mounted is out-of-round, this will influence the test result. Also, if the mirrored surfaces which
comprise the retroreflector are not mutually orthogonal, or if their point of intersection is not coincident with the
sphere center, the test result will be affected.
NOTE Most SMRs are of adequate quality such that a properly cared-for SMR will have errors that are small
compared to the PF result of the test.
The results of these tests may be highly dependent on the distance of the test sphere from the Laser Tracker.
Therefore, the test shall be performed at two distances from the Laser Tracker, as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 - Probe testing locations
Distance from Tracker Height relative to Tracker

< 2m ~ same height
~10 m more than 1 m above or below
6.2.2 Measuring equipment
The material standard of size, i.e. the test sphere, shall have a nominal diameter not less than 25 mm and not
greater than 51 mm. The test sphere shall be calibrated for size and form.
6.2.3 Procedure
Mount the test sphere with the support located away from the tracker, so that a full hemisphere may be
measured.
NOTE The test sphere should be mounted rigidly to minimise errors due to bending.
Measure and record 25 points. The points shall be approximately evenly distributed over at least a
hemisphere of the test sphere. Their position shall be at the discretion of the user and, if not specified, the
following probing pattern is recommended (see Figure 1):
⎯ One point on the pole (defined by the direction of the stylus shaft) of the test sphere:
⎯ Four points (equally spaced) 22,5º below the pole;
⎯ Eight points (equally spaced) 45º below the pole and rotated 22,5º relative to the previous group;
⎯ Four points (equally spaced) 67,5º below the pole and rotated 22,5º relative to the previous group;
⎯ Eight points (equally spaced) 90º below the pole (i.e. on the equator) and rotated 22,5º relative to the
previous group.
Note It is suggested that the user follow the manufacturer recommendations for probing locations and SMR
orientation while probing. In the absence of these recommendations, a constant attitude of the SMR throughout the test
may yield smaller PF values.

ISO/WD 10360-10
Key
A Pole – point on sphere nominally closest to the Laser Tracker
Figure 1: Location of probing points
NOTE: The result of this test is highly dependent on the skill of the Laser Tracker operator.
6.2.4 Derivation of test results
6.2.4.1
Using all 25 measurements, compute the Gaussian associated sphere. Record the diameter of this sphere.
The difference of this diameter from the calibrated diameter of the test sphere, i.e. DMEAS – DREF, is the probing
size error, PS.

ISO/WD 10360-10
6.2.4.2
For each of the 25 measurements, calculate the Gaussian radial distance, R. Record the range of radii of the
25 points with respect to the least-squares sphere centre, i.e. Rmax – Rmin, the apparent sphere form. The
absolute value of this difference is the probing form error, PF.
6.3 Probing location errors (two-face tests)
6.3.1 Principle
The principle of this test procedure is to measure the location of a single retroreflector twice, whilst rotating the
azimuth axis by approximately 180 degrees and reflecting the elevation angle about the vertical between the
measurements. The apparent distance between the two measurements of the retroreflector yields the test
result, PL.
NOTE: As this test is easy to perform, and will immediately reveal problems with the tracker geometry and its
correction, it is recommended that these tests be performed first.
The results of these tests may be highly dependent on the distance of the test sphere from the Laser Tracker,
and influenced by the tracker's angular orientation. Therefore, the test shall be performed at two distances
from the Laser Tracker and at 3 different orientations, as indicated in Table 3.
Table 3 - Two-face Measurement positions

Angle(s) with
Position Distance from
Description of retroreflector position respect to the
number tracker
tracker (degrees)
1-3 1m Two-face test, retroreflector 1 m below tracker height 0, 120, 240
4-6 1m Two-face test, retroreflector at tracker height 0, 120, 240
7-9 1m Two-face test, retroreflector 1 m above tracker height 0, 120, 240
10-12 6m Two-face test, retroreflector 1 m below tracker height 0, 120, 240
13-15 6m Two-face test, retroreflector at tracker height 0, 120, 240
16-18 6m Two-face test, retroreflector 1 m above tracker height 0, 120, 240
The equipment for this test is a target nest that may be mounted rigidly at the positions required in Table 3.
6.3.3 Procedure
Mount the target nest so that the nest and its support will not interfere with measurement of the retroreflector.
Place the retroreflector in the nest, and measure the location of the retroreflector in both angles and range.
Rotate both angular axes of the tracker by the appropriate angles and reacquire the retroreflector. Measure
this location of the retroreflector in the angles only, using the range value from the first measurement.

ISO/WD 10360-10
NOTE 1 For Laser Trackers used in IFM mode, it may not be possible to prevent the beam from being broken during
this test. For this reason, only the first range value is used in the PL calculations.
NOTE 2 The target nest should be mounted rigidly to minimise uncertainty in the measurements.
Calculate the distance between the two measured locations. This distance between the two locations is the
probe location error, PL.
6.4 Length errors
6.4.1 Principle
The length measurement error describes the three-dimensional deviation behaviour of the Laser Tracker in
the specified measuring volume. This deviation behaviour is caused by the overlapping of different individual
deviations such as uncorrected systematic deviations of the length measuring system and the angle encoders,
random measuring deviations, geometric imperfections in the rotation and swivelling axes and/or of the
spherically mounted retroreflector or the probe. As the deviation behaviour depends, among other things, on
the mode of operation, different values of the characteristics may result for different modes of operation
(interferometric or absolute distance measurement, vertical or horizontal installation of the Laser Tracker,
spherically mounted retroreflector or probe). If the mode of operation is not indicated, the characteristic applies
to all permissible modes of operation of the measuring system.
A traceable reference length may be realized in a number of ways, including scale bars, target nests mounted
on walls or freestanding structures, use of a rail-and-carriage system, gauge blocks, ball bars, etc. While any
such lengths may be used, the measurements of these length tests shall be bidirectional. A bidirectional
measurement error can be achieved, for example, using a combination of a unidirectional measurement on a
reference length and a bidirectional measurement on a short gauge block. See the normative Annex B, which
includes all the details of reference lengths and achieving bidirectional measurements.
A laser tracker uses one linear axis and two rotary axes to determine the location of a retroreflector. The
normative locations in Table 4 include tests that span at least 66% of each axis. Positions 1 and 2 accomplish
this for each rotary axis separately, while positions 36-40 accomplishes this for the ranging (linear) axis. The
angular range of a measurement is determined by both the length being measured and its distance from the
Laser Tracker. It is therefore possible to obtain a variety of angular measurements using a single calibrated
reference length. For this reason, the reference lengths in positions 1-29 of Table 4 shall be between 2.25 m
and 2.75 m.
The manufacturer shall state the upper, and optionally lower, limits of the CTE of the calibrated test length.
The manufacturer may calibrate the CTE of a calibrated test length. The manufacturer shall specify the
maximum permitted (k = 2) uncertainty of the CTE of the calibrated test length. In the case where the
calibrated test length is composed of a unidirectional length and other information (see Annex B), the CTE
shall be considered to be that of the unidirectional length. The default for a calibrated test length is a normal
CTE material unless the manufacturer's specifications explicitly state otherwise. Check that normal CTE is
defined in this part.
A laser interferometer that is corrected for the index of refraction of air has a zero CTE (α = 0). Hence, if it is
used to produce a calibrated test length it is considered a low CTE material and is subject to 6.3.x.x.
Additionally, if the reference laser has a workpiece (material) temperature sensor, then the workpiece CTE in
the laser’s software shall be set to 0. If a temperature compensated Laser Tracker is being tested, the
workpiece CTE in the Laser Tracker software shall be set to 0 when measuring these reference lengths.
If the calibrated test length is not a normal CTE material, then the corresponding E0, MPE values are
designated with an asterisk (*) and an explanatory note shall be provided describing the CTE of the calibrated
test length.
EXAMPLE

ISO/WD 10360-10
E0, MPE*
* Artefact is super-invar with a CTE no greater than 0,5 ⋅ 10−6/°C and with a CTE expanded uncertainty (k = 2) no greater
than 0,3 ⋅ 10−6/°C.
−6
For the case where the manufacturer's specification for E0, MPE requires a CTE less than 2 x 10 /°C (thus being a non-
normal CTE), an additional measurement shall be performed on a normal CTE material reference length. See normative
Annex C.
NOTE: Due to the large size of reference lengths required for testing Laser Trackers, it is common for this low-CTE
option to be exercised.
6.4.3 Procedure
Place the reference length(s) at each location and orientation relative to the Laser Tracker described in Table
4. If – in the case of IFM measurements – the beam is broken during a length measurement, the
measurement during which the beam was broken must be restarted, but the series of three measurements
need not be restarted (unless, of course, the beam was broken during the first length measurement). In the
case of ADM measurements, it is suggested that the beam be broken during each length measurement,
forcing the Laser Tracker to re-establish the distance to the reflector as part of the measurement process.
NOTE: In many instances, it may be easier to move or reorient the Laser Tracker than to move the reference length.
Table 4 - Measurement positions

Horizontal
angle(s) with
Distance from
Position number Description of reference length position respect to the
tracker
tracker
(degrees)
Horizontal, centered (i.e., the ends of the reference

length are equidistant from the tracker), and at
tracker height.
As close as
1 at any azimuth
practical
This tests 66% of the horizontal angle measurement

axis of the tracker.
Vertical, center of the length at tracker height (ends

of the reference length equidistant from the tracker).
As close as
2 at any azimuth
practical
This tests 66% of the vertical angle measurement
axis of the tracker.

3-6 3m length are equidistant from the tracker), and at 0, 90, 180, 270
tracker height.
Vertical, center of the length at tracker height (ends

7 3m at any azimuth
Right diagonal, centered (i.e., the ends of the

8-11 3m reference length are equidistant from the tracker), 0, 90, 180, 270
and the center of the length is at tracker height.

ISO/WD 10360-10
Left diagonal, centered (i.e., the ends of the

12-15 3m reference length are equidistant from the tracker), 0, 90, 180, 270

16-19 6m length are equidistant from the tracker), and at 0, 90, 180, 270
tracker height.
As close as Horizontal, not-centered (i.e, the tracker is directly in

20-23 0, 90, 180, 270
practical front of one end of the length), and at tracker height
As close as Vertical, not-centered (i.e, the tracker is directly in

24 at any azimuth
practical front of one end of the length)
Diagonal, one end below or above the point directly

As close as in front of the tracker, the other end to the right or
25-28 0, 90, 180, 270
practical left of the point directly in front of the tracker. The
range to the two ends of the length are equal.
Horizontal, centered directly above (as much as that

29 at any azimuth
ispossible) the laser tracker itself

0, 30, 60, 90,
30-35 Long1 lengthare equidistant from the tracker), at tracker
120,150
height
5 Ranging test
36-40 This tests 66% of the ranging axis of the tracker. at any azimuth
distances
Synthetic
length
41 See Annex C
test
1
In the special “long“ case, a longer reference length (e.g., 8 m) is measured at a longer distance (e.g., 8 m)
from the tracker.
In the Ranging tests (lengths 36-40), it is not required that each of the 5 lengths be measured as a two point
distance. It is permitted to measure a reference point close to the tracker (e.g. less than 1 m from the tracker)
and then 5 points at increasing distances, where the 5 reference lengths are all calculated from the common
first point. The user may, at his discretion, require that the first point be measured more than once (up to a
maximum of 5 times, once for each length).
In explanation, if the points are labeled A (closest) to F (farthest), a sequence of measurements ABCDEF is
permitted to evaluate the ranging capability of the laser tracker. The user may, however, require that each
length remeasures the A location as in (AB, AC, AD, AE, AF) or (AB, CA, AD, EA, AF).

ISO/WD 10360-10
B
B
d
d
d
B d
A
A
A A
a) 1, 3-6, 16-19, 30-35 b) 2, 7 c) 8-11 d) 12-15
B B
A
B d A d d d
A
A
e) 20-23 f) 24 g) 25-28 h) 29
Key: A and B are the ends of the artifact, d is perpendicular to the vertical plane containing the artifact
Figure 2: Positions for reference artifact
For
6.4.3.1 User defined positions: alternative 1
The user is free to choose the remaining 64 measurement positions (for a total of 105 measurements). To
assist the user in choosing these measurement positions, two alternative default positions are given.
Alternative 1 is described in Table 5 below.
Table 5 — Supplemental default measurement positions – Alternative 1

Angle(s) with
respect to the
Distance from
position number Description of reference length position tracker (clocked
tracker
about vertical
axis)
1-3 3m Vertical, centered (i.e., the ends of the reference 90, 180, 270
length are equidistant from the tracker), and the
center of the length is at tracker height.
4-7 6m Vertical, center of the length at tracker height (ends 0, 90, 180, 270
8-11 6m Right diagonal, centered (i.e., the ends of the 0, 90, 180, 270
reference length are equidistant from the tracker),

ISO/WD 10360-10
Angle(s) with
respect to the
Distance from
tracker
about vertical
axis)
12-15 6m Left diagonal, centered (i.e., the ends of the 0, 90, 180, 270
reference length are equidistant from the tracker),
16-18 As close as Vertical, not-centered (i.e, the tracker is directly in 90, 180, 270
practical front of one end of the length)
19-22 As close as Horizontal, not-centered (i.e, the tracker is directly in 0, 90, 180, 270
practical front of one end of the length), and at tracker height.
This is the mirror position corresponding to positions
20-23 in Table 4 (If the tracker were previously
directly in front of Target B as in Fig. ?, then, the
tracker must now be positioned directly in front of
target A)
23-26 As close as Vertical, not-centered (i.e, the tracker is directly in 0, 90, 180, 270
practical front of one end of the length). This is the mirror
position corresponding to positions 24 in Table 4 and
positions 16-18 in this Table (If the tracker were
previously directly in front of Target B as in Fig. ?,
then, the tracker must now be positioned directly in
front of target A)
27-30 As close as Diagonal, one end below or above the point directly 0, 90, 180, 270
practical in front of the
tracker, the other end to the right or left of the point
directly
in front of the tracker. The range to the two ends of
the length are equal. This is the mirror position
corresponding to positions 25-28 in Table 4 (If the
tracker were previously directly in front of Target B
as in Fig. ?, then, the tracker must now be positioned
directly in front of target A)
31-33 Horizontal, centered directly above (as much as that 90, 180, 270
is
possible) the laser tracker itself
34-37 6m Body diagonal of a cube 0, 90, 180, 270
38-41 As close as Diagonal, centered (i.e., the ends of the reference 0, 90, 180, 270
practical length are equidistant from the tracker), and the
center of the length is at tracker height.
Repeatability
measurements:
42-45 Distance Horizontal, centered (i.e., the ends of the reference
approximately length are equidistant from the tracker), and at
equal to half tracker height.
the reference at any azimuth
Repeat the measurement 4 times.
length
This tests the repeatability of the horizontal angle
measurement capability.

ISO/WD 10360-10
Angle(s) with
respect to the
Distance from
tracker
about vertical
axis)
46-49 Distance Horizontal, centered (i.e., the ends of the reference
approximately length are equidistant from the tracker), and at
equal to twice tracker height.
the reference at any azimuth
length
This tests the repeatability of the horizontal angle
50-53 Distance Vertical, center of the length at tracker height (ends
approximately of the reference length equidistant from the tracker).
equal to half at any azimuth
the reference
length This tests the repeatability of the vertical angle
54-57 Distance Vertical, center of the length at tracker height (ends
approximately of the reference length equidistant from the tracker).
equal to twice at any azimuth
the reference
length This tests the repeatability of the vertical angle
58-61 3m Along the radial direction so that the near end of the
length is 3 m away from the tracker.
Repeat the measurement 4 times. at any azimuth
This tests the repeatability of the range

62-64 6m Along the radial direction so that the near end of the
length is 6 m away from the tracker.
Repeat the measurement 3 times. at any azimuth
This tests the repeatability of the range

6.4.3.2 User defined positions: alternative 2
In this alternative, the laser tracker is positioned centrically in front of the longest side of the measuring volume
at a distance of 1.5 m in such a way that the measuring head is approximately equidistant from the upper and
lower edge of the measuring volume. The positions are determined by eight different measurement lines.
Figure 3 shows a possible arrangement of these eight measurement lines. Other arrangements are also
permitted.

ISO/WD 10360-10
Figure 3: Example showing the arrangement of the measurement lines for the test of the
length measurement error
For the remaining 64 positions in this alternative of the acceptance test, a measuring volume of 10 m x 6 m x 3
m (length x breadth x height) is recommended. If the laser tracker is preferably used to measure small parts, a
measuring volume of 5 m x 3 m x 2 m is then recommended. Other measuring volumes are, however,
permitted. In every measurement line, at least three different test lengths must be measured. All in all, 64
reference lengths should be measured along the eight measurement lines, i.e. in individual measurement
lines, 3 or 4 separate lengths could be measured, rotating the tracker between measurements. Before each
measurement, the laser tracker shall be rotated by approximately 120° about its vertical axis. The shortest test
length should amount to at least 1/10 of the shortest side of the specified measuring volume. In each
measurement line, the largest reference length has to be chosen in such a way that it is not shorter than 2/3 of
the length which is maximally possible in the measurement line within the measuring volume.
Annex D indicates how targets on a wall can be used, along with carefully adjusting the laser tracker position,
to achieve the effect of the measuring volume above in figure 2.
For all 105 measurements, calculate each length measurement error, EL, by calculating the difference
between the indicated value and the calibrated value of each reference length (where the calibrated value is
taken as the conventional true value of the length). The indicated value of a particular measurement of a
calibrated test length may be corrected by the laser tracker to account for systematic errors, or thermally
induced errors (including thermal expansion) if the laser tracker has accessory devices for this purpose.
Manual correction of the results obtained from the computer output to account for temperature or other
corrections shall not be allowed when the environmental conditions satisfy the conditions of 5.1.
For each of the 105 length measurement errors (E0 values), calculate a corresponding MPE value (E0, MPE
value) based on the manufacturer’s MPE specification.
NOTE: The manufacturer’s MPE specification will, in general, be a formula.

ISO/WD 10360-10
7 Compliance with specification
7.1 Acceptance tests
The probing performance of the Laser Tracker is verified if:
⎯ the probe form error, PF, is not greater than the relevant maximum permissible probe form error, PF, MPE,
as specified by the manufacturer and taking into account the uncertainty of measurement according to
ISO 14253-1 and 23165-LT,
and
⎯ the probe size error, PS, is not greater than the relevant maximum permissible probe size error, PS, MPE, as
specified by the manufacturer and taking into account the uncertainty of measurement according to ISO
14253-1 and 23165-LT.
If any of the probing tests fails, repeat the measurement at that position 3 times, attempting to replicate the
measurement locations. All three of these repeated tests must be successful.
The two-face (probing location error) performance of the Laser Tracker is verified if:
⎯ the probe location error, PL, is not greater than the relevant maximum permissible probe location error,
PL, MPE, as specified by the manufacturer and taking into account the uncertainty of measurement
according to ISO 14253-1 and 23165-LT.
A single failure of a two-face test is permitted. If one of the two-face tests fails, repeat the measurement at
that position 5 times. All five of these repeated tests must be successful.
The length measuring performance of the Laser Tracker is verified if :
the length measurement errors (values of EL), are within the maximum permissible error of length
measurement, EL, MPE, as specified by the manufacturer, taking into account the uncertainty according to ISO
14253-1 and ISO/TS 23165-LaserTracker,
No more than 5 of the 105 test lengths may be outside of specification. For any such length, 5 repeated
measurements of any failed length must each be within the specification.
7.2 Reverification tests
As in Clause 7.1, but specifications are made by the user (following manufacturer's procedures).
8 Applications
8.1 Acceptance test
In a contractual situation between a manufacturer and a user such as that described in a:
⎯ purchasing contract,
⎯ maintenance contract,
⎯ repair contract,

ISO/WD 10360-10
⎯ renovation contract, or
⎯ upgrading contract etc.,
the acceptance test specified in this part of ISO 10360 may be used as a test for verifying the performance of
the Laser Tracker used for measuring linear dimensions in accordance with the specification for the stated
maximum permissible errors, E0, MPE, PF, MPE, PS, MPE, and PL, MPE, as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
user.
The manufacturer is permitted to specify detailed limitations applicable for E0, MPE, PF, MPE, and PS, MPE and PL,
MPE. If no such specification is given, E0, MPE, PF, MPE, PS, MPE and PL, MPE apply for any location and orientation in
the measuring volume of the Laser Tracker.
8.2 Reverification test
In an organization's internal quality assurance system, the performance verification described in this part of
ISO 10360 can be used as a reverification test to verify the performance of the Laser Tracker used for
measuring linear dimensions in accordance with the specification for the maximum permissible errors, E0, MPE,
PF, MPE, PS, MPE, and PL, MPE, as stated by the user. The user is permitted to state the values of, and to specify
detailed limitation applicable to, E0, MPE, PF, MPE, and PS, MPE.
NOTE 1 The tester accounts for the test uncertainty according to ISO 14253-1; accordingly a reverification test (where
typically the tester is the user) may have a different conformance zone than in an acceptance test.
NOTE 2 In acceptance testing, the conformance zone is derived from the manufacturer’s specifications. In
reverification testing, the reverification limits may be derived from the user’s metrological needs.
8.3 Interim check
In an organization's internal quality assurance system, a reduced performance verification may be used
periodically to demonstrate the probability that the Laser Tracker conforms with specified requirements
regarding the maximum permissible errors, E0, MPE, PF, MPE, PS, MPE and PL, MPE. The extent of the performance
verification as described in this part of ISO 10360 may be reduced by using fewer measurements and
positions (see Annex E).
NOTE This International Standard is primarily concerned with acceptance and reverification testing. Interim testing is
often associated with quality assurance.
9 Indication in product documentation and data sheets

The symbols of Clause 0 are not well suited for use in product documentation, drawings, data sheets, etc.
Table 5 gives the corresponding indications which are also allowed.
Table 5 — Symbols and corresponding indications in product documentation, drawings, data sheets,
etc.
Symbol used in this document Corresponding indication

E0 E0
PF PF
PS PS
PL PL
E0, MPE MPE(E0)
PF, MPE MPE(PF)

ISO/WD 10360-10
Symbol used in this document Corresponding indication

PS, MPE MPE(PS)
PL, MPE MPE(PL)

ISO/WD 10360-10
Annex A
(normative)
FORMS
Form 1 General Specifications and Rated Conditions
RATED CONDITIONS
Measurement Envelope
Distance (Range) Min. ______ m Max. ______ m
Horizontal Angle (Azimuth) Min. ______ deg Max. ______ deg
Vertical Angle (Elevation / Zenith) Min. ______ deg Max. ______ deg
or
Length x width x height (Prismatic Volume) ______ m by ______ m by ______ m
a. Temperature Range
o o
Operating Min. ______ C Max. ______ C
o o
Thermal gradient limits Max. ______ C/m Max. ______ C/hr
b. Humidity Range
Operating Min. ______ %RH Max. ______ %RH
c. Barometric Pressure Range

Operating Min. ______ mm Hg Max. ______ mm Hg
d. Ambient Light: The manufacturer shall identify conditions, if any, under which ambient light degrades specifications.
e. Electrical Voltage ______ V Current ______ A

Frequency ______ Hz Surge/sag ______ V
Transient max. ______ V Transient duration ______ s
f. Allowable orientations (vertical, horizontal, etc.) ________________________
g. Probe type: The probe diameter and reflector type (e.g., cube corner, glass prism) used during performance testing shall be
specified.
Diameter ______ mm Reflector type ____________
h. Reference artefact
-6 o -6 o
CTE Min. ______ 10 / C Max. ______ 10 / C
-6 o
CTE uncertainty Max. ______ 10 / C
i. Sampling Strategy: The manufacturer shall state the measurement acquisition time (averaging time) and sampling frequency (points
per second) to meet specification.
Acq. time ______ s Frequency ________ points/s
j. Warm up time
Warm up time ______ minutes
LIMITING CONDITIONS
o o
k. Temperature Range Min. ______ C Max. ______ C
l. Humidity Range Min. ______ % RH Max. ______ % RH
m. Barometric Pressure Range Min. ______ mm Hg Max. ______ mm Hg

ISO/WD 10360-10
Form 2 Manufacturer’s Performance Specifications and Test Results (All Units µm)
E0, MPE
Length Errors E0
Pass/Fail
PS, MPE
PS
As different MPE's are
Probing size and form Pass/Fail permitted for different
errors tests, this table may be
PF, MPE extended to accommodate
PF the complete specification.
Pass/Fail
PL, MPE
Probing location errors PL
Pass/Fail
Test Performed by
Date
Serial number
Final test results (Pass/Fail)

ISO/WD 10360-10
Annex B
(normative)
CALIBRATED TEST LENGTHS
Calibrated Artifacts: Gage Blocks, Ball Bars
Scale bars: End-to-end distance of spheres in the nests is calibrated
Rigid nests: Center-center distance determined from traceable measurement + short bi-directional length.
Rail or carriage system: Location of different instances of a sphere or nest + short bi-directional length.
[A paragraph discussing the addition of a short bi-directional measurement to a uni-directional measurement

will be added here].

ISO/WD 10360-10
Annex C
(normative)
THERMAL COMPENSATION OF WORKPIECES
Measurement of a synthetic test length for proportional consideration of the thermal specimen
expansion
The acceptance and reverification of laser trackers close to the practice requires the measurement of large
test lengths which can easily be established in situ with the aid of a calibrated laser interferometer (see
Annex A). Test lengths "in air“ with a thermal expansion coefficient of approx. 1·10−6/K place, however, lower
demands on the accuracy of the temperature determination compared to test lengths on gauge blocks of steel
with a thermal expansion coefficient of 11,5•10−6/K. In the first case, an error of 1 K causes a change in length
of approx. 1 μm per meter. When a steel gauge block is measured, the same temperature deviation of 1 K
would, however, cause a change in length of 11,5 μm per meter. In addition it can, in some situations, be
advantageous to use, for the realization of large lengths, artefacts with a small thermal expansion coefficient
to reduce influences resulting from the fact that the artefact is not in thermal equilibrium.
This means that in cases in which the test length is not made of a material with a thermal expansion
coefficient between 8·10−6/K and 13·10−6/K and in which the influence of the temperature on the length is
smaller than 2·10−6/K, a mathematical correction of the length measurement errors is required which allows for
the thermal expansion of an artefact with a normal thermal linear expansion coefficient when the length
measurement error of an artefact is determined. For this purpose, a "synthetic“ test length is measured which
is at least half as long as the longest side of the measuring volume. With a calibrated reference interferometer,
which has been traced back and which may also be the calibrated interferometer of a second laser tracker, a
test length between two ball nests is established. Air temperature, air pressure and air humidity are measured
by the weather station of the reference interferometer and, thus, the refractive index of the air is determined
and the refractive index of the test length compensated. The measurement result is the calibrated length L of
the test length. The length L is now used to calculate a "synthetic“ test length LS, equivalent to the length of a
gauge block with the thermal expansion coefficient of exactly αS = 11.5 μm/m/K. The effect of this calculation
is that the test length is being changed in such a way that it corresponds to a length with a thermal expansion
coefficient of 11,5 • 10-6/K.
LS = L x [1 - αS x (T-20°C) ] = L x [1 – (11,5 x 10-6) x (T-20°C) ]
The specimen temperature T required for the calculation is measured with a calibrated thermometer on a
piece of steel and not with the aid of any temperature measuring system delivered with the laser tracker. The
piece of steel is in thermal equilibrium with its environment. After that, the "synthetic“ test length between the
two ball nests is measured with the laser tracker to be tested. For this purpose, it is recommended to install
the laser tracker at a short distance and in direct extension to the test length. As thermal expansion coefficient,
αS = 11.5·10-6/K must be entered for the specimen. For the laser tracker, the test length thus seems to be
made of steel. To compensate the thermal expansion of the specimen, the temperature of a piece of steel
which has reached thermal equilibrium with its environment, is measured – as above - with the sensor for the
specimen temperature. If the laser tracker is not equipped with a sensor of its own for the specimen
temperature, it must be proceeded as in usual operation. The measurement of the "synthetic“ test length with
the laser tracker is repeated three times.
The "synthetic“ length measurement error ES results from the difference between the test length La, measured
with the laser tracker, and the "synthetic“ test length LS.
ES = La – LS
For proportional consideration of the thermal expansion of the specimen during testing of the length
measurement error, the mean synthetic length measurement error ESM = (ES1+ES2+ES3)/3 is required and
added in proportion to the length to all other length measurement errors. For this purpose, an individual
correction value Eki is calculated for each test length Lr. EKi = Lr x ESM /LS
This section has been taken from the VDI/VDE document – needs further discussion

ISO/WD 10360-10
Annex D
(informative)
ACHIEVING THE ALTERNATIVE MEASURING VOLUME
For testing of the length measurement error it is permitted to arrange all measuring lines e.g. in one plane. In
that case, before test lengths along a measuring line are measured, the laser tracker must each time be newly
positioned so that the relative relation between laser tracker and measuring line with respect to position and
orientation is preserved. Figure D1 shows for the recommended measuring volume of 10 m x 6 m x 3 m a
possible plane arrangement of the measuring lines with changing positions for the laser tracker, equivalent to
the measurement of test lengths from a permanent position as shown in Figure 3 (see clause Fejl!
Henvisningskilde ikke fundet.).
Figure D1: Example of a plane arrangement of the measuring lines for testing of the length
measurement error. The laser tracker is standing on changing positions.
A measuring and test arrangement as shown in Figure D1 can be realized with the aid of stable tripods or by
means of a stable wall. It is, for example, possible to mount magnetic nests for spherically mounted
retroreflectors on one wall. The distances between the nests then represent the test lengths. If the distances
have been calibrated before the laser tracker is tested, the distances have to be stable only for the duration of
the test. It is recommended to calibrate the respective test lengths only immediately before a measuring line is
measured and to determine them again for control immediately after the lengths have been measured with the
laser tracker to be tested. For the acceptance test, a measuring volume of 10.000 mm x 6.000 mm x 3.000
mm (length x width x height) is recommended (see 4.2.3) in which 32 test lengths must be measured along
eight measuring lines from a position outside the measuring volume, supplemented by three additional test
lengths which must be measured "from the centre". For the recommended arrangement of the measuring line
(see Figure D1) the following measures are obtained for the shortest and the longest length to be tested (see
Table D1).

ISO/WD 10360-10
Table D1: Shortest and longest test length along the measuring lines in figure.

ISO/WD 10360-10
Annex E
(informative)
INTERIM TESTING

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© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii

⎯ Part 2: CMMs used for measuring size

⎯ Part 4: CMMs used in scanning measuring mode

⎯ Part 5: CMMs probing performance with contacting probing system

⎯ Part 6: Estimation of errors in computing of Gaussian associated features

⎯ Part 7: CMMs equipped with video probing systems

⎯ Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors

⎯ Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems

⎯ Part 10: Laser Trackers used for measuring point-to-point distances

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v

Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and

This International Standard specifies:

⎯ rules for proving conformance, and

ISO 14253-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and Definitions

NOTE: The target is typically a retroreflector.

NOTE: The target is typically a retroreflector.

NOTE 2: Retroreflectors are cooperative targets

2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

extreme value of the length measurement error, EL, permitted by specifications

NOTE E0, MPE is used throughout this document.

extreme value of the probing form error, PF, permitted by specifications

extreme value of the probing size error, PS, permitted by specifications

extreme value of the probing location error, PL, permitted by specifications

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 3

5 Environmental and metrological requirements

5.1 Environmental conditions

⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests;

⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.

5.2 Operating conditions

a) machine start-up/warm-up cycles,

b) machine self-compensation procedures

c) cleaning procedures for retroreflector,

f) location, type, number of thermal workpiece sensors.

5.3 Length measurement error, EL

EL, MPE stated by:

⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests,

⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.

4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

5.4 Probing form error, PF

⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests,

⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.

5.5 Probing size error, PS

⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests,

⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.

5.6 Probing location error, PL

⎯ the manufacturer, in the case of acceptance tests,

⎯ the user, in the case of reverification tests.

6 Acceptance tests and reverification tests

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 5

6.2 Probe errors

Table 2 - Probe testing locations

Distance from Tracker Height relative to Tracker

6.2.2 Measuring equipment

⎯ Four points (equally spaced) 22,5º below the pole;

6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

A Pole – point on sphere nominally closest to the Laser Tracker

Figure 1: Location of probing points

6.2.4 Derivation of test results

e. Electrical Voltage V Current A

l. Humidity Range Min. % RH Max. % RH

m. Barometric Pressure Range Min. mm Hg Max. mm Hg