ASSAM DON BOSCO UNIVERSITY,

AZARA

MCA 1st SEMESTER 2022

OPERATING SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT

Submitted by Abhishek Mandal

Roll no: DC2022MCA0011
To
Dr. Uzzal Sharma
19 October 2022

Windows 10
Windows 10 is the newly released personal computer operating
system from Microsoft Inc. It was released in July 2015 as a follow-
up to Windows 8. Windows 10 is a Microsoft operating system for
personal computers, tablets, embedded devices and internet of things
devices. Windows is used by over 1.5 billion people in the world.

Windows 10 security
Regarding security issues for Windows 10, the security features are
combined with the new Windows store for authorized and vetted
applications. The three important things for security are Microsoft’s
Device Guard, Windows Hello and Password. Microsoft’s Device
Guard prevents attacks to the Windows applications. To protect the
users from malware, when an app is executed, Windows makes a
determination on whether that app is trustworthy. If it is not Windows
10 notifies the user. Device Guard can use hardware technology and
virtualisation to isolate that decision-making function from the rest of
the Windows operating system, which helps provide protection from
attackers or malware that have managed to gain full system privilege.
“Windows Hello” is introduced which aims at password killer feature.
With the use of biometric that is with look or touch one can directly
log in to Windows. So, without storing password and thereby
removing the vulnerabilities one can directly log in to the system. In
Windows 10, Microsoft Passport will replace passwords with strong
two-factor authentication that consists of an enrolled device and a
Windows Hello (biometric) or PIN. Microsoft Passport consists of
two services – a single Sign-in service that allows members to use a
single name and password to log in,  and  a Wallet  service that 
members  can  use  to  make  fast, convenient online purchases.

Support on Real-Time events

Windows 10 doesn’t Support real time events. It is not a real time
operating system.

File System

The Windows 10 file system is NTFS (New Technology File

System).The file system performs a set of rules and controls the
storage of data. A file system determines how data is stored and
retrieved. It is used in the latest versions of operating systems. It is a
more robust, high-performance logging file system with multi-user
access control, ACLs, and many other things that make it appropriate
to work with an Operating System that has protection. It includes
characteristics such as multi- streaming, fault tolerance, security,
extended file size, data recovery and file systems.

Linux

Linux OS has been around for a long time which actually emerged out
of a renowned UNIX operating system. Perhaps, it is now the most
powerful, open-source (free) and a highly reliable operating system.
With an enormous range of commercial and non-commercial
distributions available, this OS comprises of a lot of features so one
can find a distribution suited for specific needs. Over 96.4% of the
web server in the world use linux as a operating system.

Linux security
Linux systems are rarely infected by malware such as viruses, worms
etc, thereby making it as a very secure OS. As a normal user, we will
never come across a situation where Antivirus software is been sold
for Linux. This means, Linux is inherently secure and there are many
reasons associated with it.Linux has clearly defined privileges at
multiple levels, thereby restricting access. There is a root level access
rights which are not given to any normal user. Users are given access
only to lower level accounts with limited access. When a Linux
system is compromised, virus or malware will not get the root access
to damage system wide. Only local files and programs of users will be
affected, as the normal user will not have access permission to all the
files in the system. This leads to least effect of virus in systems with
Linux. As Linux users don’t have root access, it is difficult to cause
damage on Linux.

Support to Real Time Events

Linux also doesn’t support real time events

Linux File System

The Linux filesystem unifies all physical hard drives and partitions
into a single directory structure. It all starts at the top–the root (/)
directory. All other directories and their subdirectories are located
under the single Linux root directory. This means that there is only
one single directory tree in which to search for files and programs.
The Linux file system contains the following sections:
•         The root directory (/)
 •         A specific data storage format (EXT3, EXT4, BTRFS, XFS
and so on)

•         A partition or logical volume having a particular file system.

Android 12

Among many mobile operating systems, Android is the most popular

operating system, which is competing with IOS for Apple  devices
and Windows Phones. A developer survey conducted in 2017 found
that 64.8% of mobile developers use Android as their preferred
platform.Android 12 code named Snow Cone is the 12th major
release and the 19th version of Android, The mobile operating system
developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Android 12
is the third most popular Android version on smartphones at 11.97%.

Android 12 Security

Android seems to have taken a few steps further with privacy and
security this time.
Notification bar alerts: Know when an application is using your
microphone or camera. From now, an icon will pop up on the
notification bar when you launch an app. This will show whether the
camera or microphone is being used. Also, you can block access to
both in the quick settings if you don’t want any apps to use them.

Approximate location: A pretty interesting feature. With this you’re

in control, whether to share the exact current location or share only an
approximate location. And the best part? This can be done for
individual apps and not just the entire system. Approximate location
will only give a rough idea about your current location, probably 100
meters off of the accurate one.

This could be used when you don’t want a particular app to track
down exactly where you are right now. Also, most applications won’t
need the precise location all the time.

Privacy Dashboard: The privacy dashboard in Android 12 will give

users an idea about the number of times applications accessed the
microphone, camera, or location services. Taping on any of the
service given, will show what all application used it and when, giving
an entire timeframe of access.

This can come in handy to find what all applications are secretly
using the microphone, camera or location, and when they are using it.
Then, users can simply deny the permission for those applications, if
they prefer not to share access.

Private Compute Core: Android 12 will feature a private space to

handle all the sensitive data, called private compute core. Now what is
sensitive data? Data required for certain AI and machine learning
algorithms.

Features like Live Caption, Now Playing, and Auto Reply collect
personal data, including what you type and what you hear. With
Private Compute Core, this data will be separated from the rest of the
OS. That means this data wont be shared with other apps.

Support To Real Time Events

Android does not support Real time events.

Android 12 File System

Android provides many choices for us to save lots of your app data.
the answer we select depends on our specific wants, like how much
space our data needs, what kind of data we would like to store, and
whether the data ought to be personal to our app or accessible to
alternative apps and the user. Various data storage choices offered on
Android:
•   Internal file storage: Store app-private files on the device file
system.
•   External file storage: Store files on the shared external file system.
this is often typically for shared user files, like photos.
•   Shared preferences: Store personal primitive data in key-value
pairs.

that users can mount to a computer as an external storage device, and

it'd even be physically removable (such as an SD card). Files saved to
the external storage are world-readable and may be changed by the
user once they enable USB mass storage to transfer files on a pc.