Muscles Action Origin Insertion Innervation

Pectoralis major (Arm) Clavicular head: Humerus (lateral lip of Lateral pectoral
Medial rotation clavicle (medial) intertubercular sulcus) nerve (C5-7)
Adduction Sternocostal head: Medial pectoral
Clavicular head: sternum, costal nerve (C8-T1)
flexion cartilages 1-6
Sternocostal head:
extension
Pectoralis minor Stabilizes scapula Ribs 3-5 Scapula Medial and lateral
Protraction pectoral nerves
(abduction) of
scapula
Lateral rotation of
scapula (depresses
the acromion)
Deltoid (Arm) A: clavicle (lateral Humerus (deltoid Axillary nerve
A: flexion and medial 1/3) tuberosity)
rotation L: scapula (acromion)
L: abduction P: scapula (spine)
P: extension and
lateral rotation
Sternocleidomastoid Unilateral: rotation of Clavicle (medial) Mastoid process of Accessory nerve
head turn opposite Sternum temporal bone
side (manubrium) Lateral one-half of
Bilateral: flexion of superior nuchal line of
neck occipital bone
Bilateral: extension
of head
Trapezius SF: elevation of Occipital bone Clavicle (lateral Accessory nerve
scapula; superior (superior nuchal line) Scapula (spine and
rotation of scapula Nuchal ligament acromion)
(glenoid cavity) Vertebra prominens
MF: retraction (spinous process of
(adduction) of C7 vertebra)
scapula Spinous processes of
IF: depression of T1-12 vertebrae
scapula

Biceps brachii (short Supination of Scapula (coracoid Tendon: radius Musculocutaneous

head) forearm process) Aponeurosis: deep nerve
Flexion of forearm fascia
Flexion of arm (weak)
Biceps brachii (long Supination of Scapula Tendon: radius Musculocutaneous
head) forearm (supraglenoid (tuberosity) nerve
Flexion of forearm tubercle) Aponeurosis: deep
Flexion of arm (weak fascia (proximal
 medial forearm)
Brachialis Flexion of forearm Humerus Ulna Musculocutaneous
Subscapularis Medial rotation of Scapula (subscapular Humerus (lesser Upper and lower
arm fossa) tubercle) subscapular nerves
Holds head of
humerus in glenoid
cavity
Coracobrachialis Adduction of arm Scapula (coracoid Humerus (medial mid- Musculocutaneous
Flexion of arm process) shaft)
Teres major Medial rotation of Scapula (inferior Humerus Lower subscapular
arm angle and lateral nerve
Adduction of arm border)
Latissimus dorsi Extension of arm