Final Thesis Revision

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG
MUNTINLUPA
NBP RESERVATION, POBLACION MUNTINLUPA CITY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN ENGAGING IN

PROSTITUTION
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented

to the Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice, Pamantasan ng
Lungsod ng Muntinlupa, NBP Reservation, Poblacion,
Muntinlupa City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Bayog, Martin Jun

Bobonao, Marvin
Dela Cruz, Jessamae S.
Bibon, Mykee
Dela Cerna, Norbertrey I.
2023
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APPROVAL SHEET
This Thesis entitled “FACTOR INFLUENCING WOMEN ENGAGING

PROSTITUTION”. Prepared and submitted by Bayog, Martin Jun, Bobonao,
Marvin, De Leon, Jessamae S., Bibon, Mykee, Dela Cerna, Norbertrey I., in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology. Has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for oral defense.
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Chapter 1
Factors Influencing Women Engaging in Prostitution
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter consists of the introduction, background of the study,
statement of the study, conceptual framework, theoretical framework, hypothesis
significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and the definition of
terms.
INTRODUCTION
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relation in
exchange for payment or some other benefit. It is illegal in some countries and is
divided by four branches. There is street prostitution, house-based prostitution,
phone-based prostitution and internet-based prostitution. Street prostitution is a
form of sex work in which women engage in sexual activity working on streets.
These women commonly work during night-time sat majority of road sites, main
streets, in front of bars and other hot spot areas in which their clients visit
commonly for entertainment and drinking purpose.
Women have been tricked into prostitution with guarantees of decent job
opportunity in the town or abroad or have been kidnapped and the forced to work
as prostitution. Family expectation and problem are common factors why many
enter the prostitution business. Women in a particular area pressured to pay their
Sibling educations or support a sick family number. Other aspect such as a
functional family or constraints the abuse from parents have led adolescent to
leave their homes and are attracted by the easy profile’s profits from prostitution.
It provides those involved in this profession a considerable amount of income to
support their families as well as a supply steady flow of remittance from urban to
rural areas or from prostitutes working over the internet.
The objectives of this thesis were to gain insight into the factors that
influencing women to engage in prostitution and its impact on their daily life. This
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topic tackles the aspect of women who appear entirely powerless and incapable
of setting the boundaries of the sexual activity to take place that will attract men
who may wish to legitimate an act of sexual abuse by payment of cash. It
attempts to find out whether peer pressure, orphanages, sex desire, the idea of
easy employment, or unemployment, lack of education, poverty, limited jobs
accessibility, are some of the causes that lead women into prostitution.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The General objective of this study was to identify factors that induce females to
engage into prostitution at Muntinlupa City.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prostitution in the Philippines is illegal, although somewhat tolerated, with
law enforcement being rare with regards to sex workers. Penalties range up to
life imprisonment for those involved in trafficking, which is covered by the Anti-
Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. Prostitution is available through bars, karaoke
bars (also known as KTVs), massage parlors, brothels (also known as casa),
street walkers, and escort services. In 2013, it was estimated that there were up
to 500,000 prostitutes in the Philippines, from a population of roughly 97.5
million. Citing a 2005 study, Senator Pia S. Cayetano asserted in her “Anti-
Prostitution Act” (Senate Bill No. 2341 s.2010), that the number of people being
exploited in prostitution in the Philippines could be as high as 800,000. The bill
was reintroduced in 2013 as Senate Bill No. 3382, and in 2015 as Senate Bill No.
2621.
Prostitution caters to both local customers and foreigners. Media attention

tends to focus on those areas catering to sex tourism, primarily through bars
staffed by bargirls. Cities where there is a high incidence of prostitution are
Olongapo, Angeles City, Legazpi in Albay, Pasay and Subic Bay in Zambales,
with the customers usually foreign businessmen from East Asian and Western
nations. Prostitution in Olongapo City and Angeles was highly prominent during
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the time of the U.S. military in Subic Bay Naval Base and Clark Air Base,
respectively. When Mount Pinatubo, a volcano, erupted in 1991, it destroyed
most of Clark Air Base and the United States closed it down in 1992.Some of the
associated prostitution trade closed with it, but when the mayor of Manila, Alfredo
Lim, closed down the sex industry area of Ermita in Manila during his first term
starting in 1992, many of the businesses moved to Angeles, finding a new
customer base among sex tourists. Other tourist areas such as Cebu have also
developed a high-profile prostitution industry.
The following are issues that women face that drive them to engage in
prostitution: Family issues; (1) Parents are always arguing (2) New step-parents
or step-brothers and sisters in the family. (3) Jealousy or fighting between
brothers and sisters. (4) discipline issues (5) The divorce or separation of
parents. Unemployment; (1) Insufficient Training. (2) Staff Conflict/Bullying in
work place. (3) Poor Work-Life Balance. (4) Little Recognition. Financial problem;
(1)A severe economic crisis or other circumstance (2) they do not have enough
money for their daily expenses, where money worries is causing them to engage
prostitution. (3) When accident happens, they could not pay for the emergency
expenses since they do not have any money inside their saving account and that
lead them to engage prostitution. Educational problem; (1) lack of money to
support their study. (2) others are being bullied in school (3) etc. Peer pressure;
(1) To avoid rejection and gain social acceptance. (2) Their friends are engaging
in prostitution. (3) To identify solutions to these issues, a detailed investigation is
necessary.
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Theoretical Framework
One possible explanation for these desires can be explained by the
routine activities’ theory. This theory states a crime’s likelihood is dictated by
three elements: motivated (likely) offenders, available suitable targets, and lack
of capable guardians (Cohen & Felson, 1979). This study focuses on the often-
over-looked motivated offender aspect of the routine activities theory and how it
relates to the motivations of consumers as opposed to those of the prostituted
woman. Up until now, many studies have not looked at motivated offenders
simply because of the prevalence of crime. That is to say, why bother measuring
motivation when it is obvious motivation exists in the presence of crime being
committed. If, as reported above, there are enough women being arrested for
soliciting prostitution that there needs to be education programs for them, then it
stands to reason that there are plenty of motivated offenders purchasing sex.
Because of this, studying the attitudes consumers have towards prostitution is a
vital step in understanding the motivation surrounding the purchasing of sex from
prostituted women. Prior research has shown that men continue to purchase sex
even when they know that it is an illegal activity (Kennedy et al., 2004).
In terms of available suitable targets, prostitution is an unusual criminal

activity in that the targets, prostituted women, make themselves openly available
despite the illegality of the act. There is a difference between being available and
consenting to victimization however. Many prostituted women are forced to sell
themselves by pimps or to feed a drug addiction; rarely is a woman prostituted of
her own free will (Young et al., 2000). Lacking of a capable guardian is the final
necessary aspect, and it as much of an oddity as the availability of suitable
targets. Much of the time a prostitute has a guardian, a pimp, but that guardian,
by virtue of their title, is not capable of anything other than forcing women and
children into selling themselves. In addition, prostituted women have no other
guardians to help protect them.
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The community and law enforcement knowingly allow prostitution to

continue while arresting the prostitutes at the same time and calling them
criminals (Farley et al., 2007; Farley & Kelly, 2000). This allows the criminal
underground to use and abuse women as they wish with no recourse for the
women victimized. This paradox creates a situation that helps to explain why
prostitution runs rampant; two of the three necessary conditions are basically
present by default, thus only leaving a motivated, sexually aroused, man to solicit
a prostitute to complete the requisite elements (Monto & McRee, 2005). While
Johns are motivated anywhere prostitution exists, this study hypothesized that
there are some ecological factors that increase the odds of offenders having
higher motivation levels than others due to proximity to legal prostitution, and the
hypersexuality of a city.
RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What are your experiences in your family that push you to engage in
prostitution?
2. What are your experiences in your peer/friends that makes you decide to
do prostitution?
3. What are your experiences in your community that makes you decide to
do prostitution?
4. What is your reason to do prostitution?
5. How would describe your job as a sex worker?
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RESEARCH PARADIGM
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Profile of the
Respondents
 Age
 Gender
Budget Stability in terms of:
 Number of  Needs
Dependents  Want
 Status of
Employment
 Monthly Income
This qualitative research paradigm aims to explore the multifaceted factors

that influence women's engagement in prostitution. The study will employ
qualitative research methods to gain in-depth insights and understand the
subjective experiences, perspectives, and motivations of women involved in sex
work.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study intended to study the factors influencing woman engaging in
the prostitution with the following questions:
1. What are the factors that drive women to engage in prostitution?
2. What are the routines of a prostitute?
3. How does female prostitute cope with the criticism of society?
4. What is/are the physical and social effects of prostitution on their lives?
5 What are the dangers to society of prostitution?
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following will gain from the study’s findings:
Future researchers – this study will be served as reference of the future

researchers.
Family members – For them to know the reasons why one of their family
engaging in prostitution so they can do something to help them to stop doing
such immoral doings.
Women – In order to understand the causes of women’s prostitution, this study
makes reference to them. Other women who want to avoid prostitution can
benefit from this study’s information.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa - for them to know what are the
variables impacting woman engaging prostitution so they can find a solution to
educate students in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa to avoid these
immoral doings.
Community – Venereal illness may be brought on via prostitution. To prevent
the spread of venereal disease, people can use the information from this study to
educate their friends, family, and acquaintances.
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SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is only focused on a chosen female prostitutes which means
that the results may not be true to all prostitutes. The participants are only those
that are found along the road of Muntinlupa City. When it comes to the resources
of this study, most of them were from the internet. It’s either from recent journal
articles or published researches which are related to our topic.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
These are the following vocabulary words that can help us to understand more
the respective topic.
Heterosexual - a person who is sexually or romantically attracted exclusively to

people of the other sex.
Homosexual - a person who is sexually or romantically attracted exclusively to
people of their own sex or gender.
Hypersexuality - is extremely frequent or suddenly increased libido.
Prostitution - the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with
someone for payment.
Sex workers - are adults who receive money or goods in exchange for
consensual sexual services or erotic performances, either regularly or
occasionally.
Sexual activity soliciting or engaging in any activities of a sexual nature, including
kissing, fondling, or touching of the body.
Sexual contact - an intentional touching, either directly or through the clothing,
of the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person with an
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intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire
of any person.
Trafficking - The act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or
receiving a person; By means of e.g., coercion, deception or abuse of
vulnerability; For the purpose of exploitation, such as sexual exploitation, slavery
and forced labor, among others.
Transgender - denoting or relating to a person whose gender identity does not
correspond with the sex registered for them at birth.
Venereal disease -a disease typically contracted by sexual contact with a
person already infected; a sexually transmitted disease
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter includes a review of related literature and studies from both
local and foreign sources that the researcher has abstracted for the topic.
Additionally, it provided an overview of a number of concerns pertaining to
Factors Influencing Woman Engaging Prostitution and other related topics.
Foreign Literatures
Faini, Munseri and Bakari (2020) shows that "Sex work impedes good
contraceptive behavior," which explains how aspects of sex work (such as having
multiple or concurrent partners, being unable to agree upon consistent condom
use, sexual violence, and sex work stigma) pose obstacles to the regular use of
contraceptives. The ambivalent attitudes that FSWs have toward unintended
pregnancy are reflected in two additional categories. "Pregnancy as a burden"
and "Pregnancy as a blessing." The final category. "Commitment to good
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contraceptive behavior after unintended pregnancy," explains how unintended
pregnancies and the impact of abortion or childrearing on a sex worker's
livelihood and wellbeing have an impact on their future commitment to using
contraception.
Kaul, Beattie. Kimani, & Seeley, (2022) Nevertheless, most participants

described sex work as a type of relief because it allowed them to support their
families and occasionally share their profits with distant relatives. Additionally, It
provided some freedom and Independence. The participants believed that
earning a living through sex work was uncomfortable and challenging: they
experienced violence from clients as well as hard treatment during sex. So, It
wasn't easy money. In order to endure and generate the necessary income, they
had to demonstrate patience and determination. The women spoke about sexual
assault, including a refusal to use condoms, as well as emotional abuse through
humiliation as they described their experiences.
Campbell, Smith, Leacy, Ryan, & Stoica, (2020) Furthermore, a study

conducted in Ireland reveals the various forms of victimization sex workers in
Ireland face. It highlighted the vast range of victimization experienced by sex
workers, including serious sexual and violent crime, as well as abuse,
harassment, and hate crimes both online and off. Additionally, sex workers from
other structurally marginalized groups and communities-such as black and ethnic
minority communities (including migrant and Traveller and Roma communities)
and the LGBT community- experience prejudice and hate crime. These groups
are the targets of a variety of hate crimes, and these hate crimes can overlap
with the work-based victimization they experience as sex workers.
Oblatas (2021), the pandemic lockdown forced women into apartments

and clubs to pay for rooms even though they were not earning an income, incur
mounting debts with landlords, pimps, or moneylenders, all while under the
constant risk of eviction. In addition, those who stopped their activity on the street
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could not cover their basic needs or that of their families while at the same time
they lost work such as cleaning jobs. Oblatas also warns about the alarming
deterioration of mental health among these sex workers, given the growing
expressions of isolation, anxiety, loneliness, lack of protection, apathy, anguish,
hopelessness, and stress.
Tammy heilemann, Janaki senthiveeran (2015) This content analysis

explores the hardships experienced by female adolescents involved in
prostitution and the coping strategies they employ for their survival. Thirty-one
studies published in peer-reviewed journals were analyzed. Results of this
content analysis indicate that teenage girls involved in prostitution suffer from
sexual and physical assaults, substance abuse, health problems, post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), social stigmatization, and isolation. Furthermore,
adolescent girls used the following coping mechanisms for their survival: peer
support, use of drugs and alcohol, and self-mutilation. Prostituted females relied
on personal safety plans and boundaries to mitigate the violence and risks
involved in prostitution. Implications for social work and multicultural social work
practice, future research, and social policy are discussed.
Local Literatures
Barcelona (2020), there are no reliable estimates of the number of people
involved in the large and varied sex work business in the Philippines. The
majority are women, but a sizeable proportion of men are increasingly the targets
of police raids.
Godwin (2012), Some sex workers are affiliated with ‘entertainment

establishments’ such as night clubs and bars, saunas, and massage parlors,
while others work as freelancers. Some are full-time sex workers, while others
combine sex work with other income-generating activities. A confusing mix of
current Philippine laws can be plausibly interpreted as saying that sex workers
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are simultaneously criminals, victims, and even workers. The Revised Penal
Code (RPC) of 1930 criminalizes the sale of sex, While the Magna Carta of
Women enacted in 2009 names prostitution as an act of violence against women
from which they should be protected. The Anti-Trafficking Law considers paying
for or profiting from the prostitution of others as a trafficking offense, which casts
clients and third parties as traffickers and therefore, prostitutes as victims. The
Labor Code entitles ‘certain women workers’ who are permitted to work in night
clubs, cocktail lounges, massage clinics, bars, or similar establishments to the
status of regular employment (Art. 138).
Alexandria (2020) HIV is a topic that has been greatly discussed and
researched due to its impact on human population. Many campaigns have been
put into place, and people have been made aware of the various effects of the
disease. This paper considers a fractional-order HIV epidemic model with the
inclusion of prostitution in the population and its consequences on the disease
transmission. The model describes the spread of HIV disease in a system
consisting of a population of susceptible males and the female sex workers. The
focus is on the spread of HIV by female sex workers through prostitution,
because in the present world sexual transmission is the major cause of the HIV
transmission. The fractional derivatives are taken in Caputo sense and the
numerical solution of the model is obtained by L1 scheme which involves the
memory trace that can capture and integrate all past activity. Positivity
and boundedness of the solution and the stability conditions of the fractional-
order system are determined.
García and Meneses (2021) Prostitution is recognized as being part of

the submerged or informal economy. It is an economic activity with which the
government is much concerned since it is a sector that has been highly
penalized. Indeed, the situation has become worse as a result of increasingly
unsafe living conditions, an escalation in violence, the lack of identification and
assistance to victims of trafficking, and the impact of the economic crisis "mainly
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due to the difficulty of accessing subsidies, the danger of continuing to engage in
sex work, and food insecurity.
Maggie, Jane pitcher (2017). The field of sex work has undergone a
massive expansion in the past ten years. In this new edition, three leading
researchers come together to provide an interdisciplinary outline of sex work.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of key areas common to the study
of the female sex industry, as well as considering issues relating to male and
transgender sex workers, young people who are sexually exploited, and migrant
sex workers. It also includes discussion of more recent forms of commercial sex
such as Internet-based sex work. International in perspective, Prostitution
combines sociological approaches with criminology and criminal justice studies,
social policy, health research and sexuality studies. New to this edition: ·
Updated summaries of policy and law, particularly in relation to UK legal changes
from 2008 onwards· Methodological insights and discussions on ethics, fieldwork
and participatory action research
REVIEW RELATED STUDIES
Foreign Studies
K Hlongwane, K Trombe, KL Hopkins (2022) South African sex workers
face significant trauma and mental health difficulties, but little is known about
their drug and alcohol usage. This study looked at the prevalence of substance
use and important risk variables among female sex workers (FSWs) in two South
African cities. Two cross-sectional investigations were done in South Africa, in
Soweto and Klerksdorp. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to enroll
508 FSWs in Soweto and 156 in Klerksdorp. To collect social and demographic
information, substance use, mental illness, and HIV status, a study-specific
survey was used. Chi-squared tests of association were used to assess raw and
RDS-adjusted data. At both the univariate and multivariate levels, weighted and
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unweighted Poisson regression models were employed to examine important risk
factors for alcohol and drug use.
D Kerrigan, J Mbwambo, S Likindikoki (2019) The study included 171

HIV-positive and 216 HIV-negative FSW who participated in both the baseline
and 18-month visits. At 18-month follow-up, participants in the intervention were
substantially less likely to become infected with HIV (RR 0.38; p=0.047), with an
HIV incidence of 5.0% in the intervention vs. 10.4% in the control. The
intervention significantly reduced inconsistent condom use (72.0% to 43.6%)
compared to the control (68.8% to 54.0%; RR 0.81, p=0.042). We found
substantial differences in behavioral HIV care continuum outcomes and good, but
non-significant, increases in viral suppression (40.0% to 50.6%) in the
intervention group vs. the control group (35.9% to 47.4%) at follow-up. There was
a clear link between increased intervention exposure and HIV outcomes such as
viral suppression.
Paolella, Christopher (2021) Christopher Paolella's comprehensive

monograph explores human trafficking and the slave trade throughout the Middle
Ages, from the aftermath of the Roman Empire's fall through the late medieval
sex trade. It is a large-scale study of Europe that uses archival documents
(primarily from the United Kingdom and France) and secondary sources to
portray the lived realities of medieval human trafficking. While the study includes
portions on the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe, its primary concentration is
on Western Europe throughout the High and Late Middle Ages (1000-1350),
notably locations north of the Alps and Pyrenees. Paolella offers a study of
medieval human trafficking and sexual exploitation with an eye on repeating
rhythms and patterns that continue to exist today through an investigation of
human trafficking that culminated in slavery—both legal and illegal.
F Yang, S Ketende, L Jennings Mayo-Wilson (2020) Condom use is

still a cornerstone of HIV prevention initiatives all over the world. However,
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statistics on the economic determinants of condom use among female sex
workers (FSW) are scarce, even in Senegal. Using respondent-driven sampling,
we recruited 718 FSWs. To examine the relationships between economic
characteristics and condom use at the last intercourse, bivariate and
multivariable regressions were used. Rent payment (aRR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-
1.13) was linked with condom use at the last intercourse with new clients.
Regardless of sexual partner type, no statistically significant relationships were
identified between condom use and financial responsibility for dependent
children, having an additional source of income, sharing sex work earnings, or
the ability to borrow from other FSWs. The complex association between
economic marginalization and consistent condom usage among sex workers
underscores the importance of incorporating behavioral economic research and
prevention into HIV prevention and treatment research and initiatives.
D Kerrigan, Y Donastorg, C Barrington, M Perez (2020) This review

discusses the social determinants of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) in
two geographic and epidemic settings, the Dominican Republic (DR) and
Tanzania, as well as their influence on HIV outcomes such as the 90-90-90 goals
and the development and impact of tailored, context-driven, community
empowerment-based responses in each setting. Community empowerment
initiatives in which FSW drive the HIV response and strategically engage
partners to tackle socio-structural and environmental determinants have been
shown to have a demonstrable influence on HIV prevention, treatment, and care
outcomes. Such approaches can also help to accelerate progress toward the 90-
90-90 target across geographies and types of diseases.
Local Studies
K Shannon, SA Strathdee, SM Goldenberg (2015) Community

empowerment initiatives in which FSW drive the HIV response and strategically
engage partners to tackle socio-structural and environmental determinants have
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been shown to have a demonstrable influence on HIV prevention, treatment, and
care outcomes. Such approaches can also help to accelerate progress toward
the 90-90-90 target across geographies and types of diseases. The majority of
research were from Asia, with few from areas with high HIV prevalence, such as
Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia, and Eastern Europe. We used a deterministic
transmission model to simulate potential HIV infections averted through structural
changes in regions with concentrated and generalised epidemics, as well as high
HIV prevalence among FSWs, to further investigate the potential effect of
structural determinants on the course of epidemics.
Springer (2016) The United States devised and structured criteria for
prosecuting Japanese war criminals on Philippine territory. The Philippine
government not only modified the legal framework, but also continually focused
on the sentencing of the former colonial power. In many ways, the US and
Philippine trials in Manila are equivalent in terms of punishment severity, penalty
kinds, and, in part, victim groupings. The same holds true for the fact that sexual
assault against women was exclusively tried as rape, despite the fact that both
jurisdictions had the option of prosecuting forced prostitution.
RCV Lintao, LFT Cando, (2022) Cervical cancer is predicted to kill

341,831 people per year, with developing countries accounting for 9 out of 10
deaths. Cervical cancer incidence among women in the Philippines has
increased significantly over the last decade. The well-established essential cause
of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus
(HPV). In the Philippines, the prevalence of infection with any HPV genotype was
93.8% for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 90.9% for cervical
adenocarcinomas, according to limited investigations. HPV types 16 and 18 were
the most frequent HPV genotypes among Filipino cervical cancer patients. In
contrast, the prevalence of HPV infection among Filipino women with normal
cervix was 9.2%. The World Health Organization has begun a global initiative to
eradicate HPV infection by 2030. One of its primary goals is to vaccinate 90% of
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girls with the HPV vaccine by the age of 15. However, the rate of HPV
vaccination among Filipino women remains inadequate. The Philippine
Department of Health's community-based National Immunization Program only
included HPV vaccine in 2015.
L Johansson (2018) This study looks into the subject of child prostitution
in Southeast Asia. Child prostitution is a dreadful phenomenon that affects
millions of children worldwide and continues to exist despite widespread
awareness of the problem and numerous individuals working to put an end to it.
The study is an abductive qualitative desk study with the approach of structured
focused comparison. It is investigating which factors lead to child prostitution in
four different nations, and the result will reveal which factors are prevalent in all
of these countries. The strategy was employed by asking the same questions to
each case in order to uncover similarities between them.
VL Gregorio (2023) Gender-based violence (GBV) and discrimination

are common among transpinays or Filipina transwomen. In this chapter, I
investigate how young transwomen deal with adulthood in a society that lacks
support mechanisms for those who do not conform to gender stereotypes, and I
claim that discrimination drives young transwomen to commit crimes in order to
find love and plan a future outside of the Philippines. This project focuses on
adolescent transwomen who participate in online sex work. From childhood
through maturity, I examine the lives of two transpinays and reflect on the case of
Jennifer Laude to demonstrate how sisterhood and family relationships influence
the life choices of young transwomen.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
The techniques and procedures used to find solutions to the research

challenges in this study are described in this chapter. This chapter presents the
research design, locale of the study, respondents of the study, sampling method,
research instrument, data gathering procedure, and data analysis.
RESEARCH DESIGN
To better comprehend the issue under investigation, the researchers apply

a qualitative study design. Additionally, qualitative research design helps to
collect a wide range of real data and information that will be used to address or
respond to the research problem. The researchers will be able to study and go
deeper into the issue by adopting a qualitative research approach, leading to the
gathering of a detailed image of what is being studied. It is suitable to utilize a
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qualitative approach in this study because it primarily focuses on stories provided
by female prostitute to share or discuss the factors that can affect them to
engage prostitution.
In this study, a narrative research design was used, which falls under the
category of qualitative research. To investigate the experiences of one, two, or
more people, a narrative study is employed. This is accomplished by compiling
their stories, detailing their unique experiences, and chronologically arranging the
significance of those experiences. The main goal of this study is to investigate
and comprehend the lived experience of a female prostitute, with a focus solely
on examining the causes of women’s prostitution, coping strategies for dealing
with social criticism, and the impact of prostitution on the life of this female
escort. Consequently, using a narrative research design allows the researchers
to investigate and understand the aforementioned problem.
LOCALE OF THE STUDY
This research will be conducted in Muntinlupa City, where it is possible to

locate female prostitutes, particularly those who are present along the city’s
roads.
The city’s total land area is 15.35 square miles or 39.75 square kilometers.
The 2020 Census found 543,445 people living there. The population of the
National Capital Region as a whole was represented by this at 4.03%. According
to these numbers, the population density is calculated to be 13,672 people per
square kilometer, or 35,404 people per square mile
(https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/ncr/muntinlupa.html, 2023). The researchers
chose Muntinlupa City, since these places were determined to have prostitutes
who actively participates in this kind of work. In order to prove prostitution is exist
in Muntinlupa City, the researchers took the information on the internet. One is
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about a National Bureau of Investigation raid in an establishment where 13
victims of prostitution, eight of them minors, were rescued. The other is a vlog of
a foreigner who was able to pick up an 18-year-old by offering her P1,000,
exploiting her financial need.
(https://metromanila.politics.com.ph/2023/01/10/muntinlupa-to-take-action-vs
prostitution-says-mayor-Ruffy-Biazon/). The researchers believed that
Muntinlupa City, particularly along it’s roads can provide the needed data and
information necessary in this study.
Page | 23
MUNTINLUPA
SAMPLING METHOD
This study’s primary goal is to investigate and comprehend the Factors

Influencing Woman Engaging in Prostitution. The researchers used non-
probability sampling to carry out this study. The researchers utilized convenience
sampling for non-probability sampling. This type of sampling chooses its
participants or subjects based on their accessibility or the researchers’ own
discretion. The participant was selected merely due to her high level of
accessibility.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Page | 24
MUNTINLUPA
A semi-structured interview guide was used to gather the information
required to respond to the study questions. In-Depth Interview Technique.
According to Boyce et al. (2006), an in-depth interview methodology is a form of
qualitative research method that entails conducting lengthy individual interviews
with a select group of participants to learn about their perspectives on a given
concept or circumstance. When researchers want to learn everything there is to
know about a person’s ideas and circumstances or wish to delve deeply into a
topic, they must use in-depth interviews.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
Data and information can be gathered using a variety of data collecting

methods, such as observations, interviews, documents, and audiovisual
materials, in a narrative research design. The most suggested way for gathering
participant narratives was an interview technique, which was employed by the
researchers.
The researchers developed an open-ended or semi-structured question using the

problem statements as a starting point, allowing them to ask follow-up questions
to elicit further explanation and clarify the participant’s response.
The participant was first asked for permission to conduct a one-on-one

interview with the researcher, and she was given the assurance that her answers
would be treated with the strictest confidentially. In order to encourage the
participant to share her narrative and not limit her ability to do so, the interview
was done in an informal conversational style. A face-to-face, one-on-one
interview or talk with the participant was held in a discreet setting. The
researchers collected, transcribed, evaluated, and interpreted all of the
information they had gathered from the interview.
Page | 25
MUNTINLUPA
DATA ANALYSIS
A semi-structured interview made it possible to collect data. The

information assembled were translated, broke down and deciphered by the
analyst with the utilization of straight-out satisfied investigation which centers
around unambiguous substance topics inside the account. The individual
transcriptions were coded to find a theme that corresponds to the individual
narratives. A sequence of experiences that reflected the participants’
experiences and the themes that emerged from them was provided throughout
the narrative’s construction.
Page | 26

Final Thesis Revision

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Final Thesis Revision

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG

FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN ENGAGING IN

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bayog, Martin Jun

This Thesis entitled “FACTOR INFLUENCING WOMEN ENGAGING

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prostitution caters to both local customers and foreigners. Media attention

In terms of available suitable targets, prostitution is an unusual criminal

The community and law enforcement knowingly allow prostitution to

This qualitative research paradigm aims to explore the multifaceted factors

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What are the factors that drive women to engage in prostitution?

2. What are the routines of a prostitute?

3. How does female prostitute cope with the criticism of society?

5 What are the dangers to society of prostitution?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following will gain from the study’s findings:

Future researchers – this study will be served as reference of the future

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Heterosexual - a person who is sexually or romantically attracted exclusively to

Kaul, Beattie. Kimani, & Seeley, (2022) Nevertheless, most participants

Campbell, Smith, Leacy, Ryan, & Stoica, (2020) Furthermore, a study

Oblatas (2021), the pandemic lockdown forced women into apartments

Tammy heilemann, Janaki senthiveeran (2015) This content analysis

Godwin (2012), Some sex workers are affiliated with ‘entertainment

García and Meneses (2021) Prostitution is recognized as being part of

REVIEW RELATED STUDIES

D Kerrigan, J Mbwambo, S Likindikoki (2019) The study included 171

Paolella, Christopher (2021) Christopher Paolella's comprehensive

F Yang, S Ketende, L Jennings Mayo-Wilson (2020) Condom use is

D Kerrigan, Y Donastorg, C Barrington, M Perez (2020) This review

K Shannon, SA Strathdee, SM Goldenberg (2015) Community

RCV Lintao, LFT Cando, (2022) Cervical cancer is predicted to kill

VL Gregorio (2023) Gender-based violence (GBV) and discrimination

The techniques and procedures used to find solutions to the research

To better comprehend the issue under investigation, the researchers apply

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This research will be conducted in Muntinlupa City, where it is possible to

This study’s primary goal is to investigate and comprehend the Factors

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Data and information can be gathered using a variety of data collecting

The researchers developed an open-ended or semi-structured question using the

The participant was first asked for permission to conduct a one-on-one

A semi-structured interview made it possible to collect data. The

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