PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

Patterns in Nature Mathematical Pattern

o symmetry, trees/fractal, spirals, tessellations, o circadian rhythm, Rubik’s cube, weather
cracks, stripe pattern, meander, wave, and patterns, binary digits, bar codes, DNA
foam
Find patterns - Represent Patterns - Interpret Patterns
Mathematics can be seen in: Math is done with:
o nature, daily routine, people and communities, o curiosity
events o penchant for seeking patterns and generalities
o a desire to know the truth
Mathematics help us:
o trial and error
o unravel the puzzles of nature, a useful way to
o without fear of facing more questions and
think about nature
problems to solve
o organize patterns and regularities as well as
o with tenacity (willingness to keep working)
irregularities
o predict some uncertainties
o control weather, epidemics
o provide tools for calculations
o provides new questions to think about
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE AND GOLDEN RATIO
Leonardo Bonacci – said to be the inventor of the Fibonacci sequence.
Golden Ratio Binet’s Formula

o The number of compositions of 1s and 2s that

sum up n is the Fibonacci number Fn+1
o The number of binary strings of length n without
consecutive 1s is the Fibonacci number Fn+2

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

Context - this is the context in which we are working,
or the particular topics being studied
Convention - where mathematicians and scientists
have decided that particular symbols will have
particular meaning
Mathematical Language
o Numbers: 0, 1, 2, …
o Operation symbols: +, -, *, ÷
o Relation symbols: =, ≠, <, ≤, >, ≥
o Grouping symbols: ( ), [ ], { }
o Variables: x, y, n, A, V
SETS
Mathematical convention – a fact, name, notation,
or usage which is generally agreed upon by
mathematicians.
Symbolic Assertions – a complete statement that
stands alone as a sentence (e.g., x>0)
Symbolic Statement – a symbolic assertion without
variables. It is either true or false. (e.g., 2+3=7)
Symbolic Term – a symbolic expression that refers
to some mathematical object. (e.g., 5^2 is a ST of 25)
Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a set.
|A| or n(A) represent the cardinality of Set A
John Venn – introduced Venn diagram
Power set is the set of all subsets of another set.
The number of elements in a power set is 2n.
A ⊕ B is the set of elements which are in either of
the sets A and B, but not in their intersection
 LOGIC PROPOSITION AND TRUTH VALUES
o Logic - a reasoning conducted or assessed Logical Connectives
according to strict principles of validity.
o Axiom/postulate – a statement that is taken to
be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for
further reasoning and arguments.
o Statement – something that you say or write to
express an opinion or fact.
o Proposition (or statement) – a declarative
statement which is true or false, but not both.
o Truth Value – attribute assigned to a
proposition and has two possible values,
True (T or 1) and False (F or 0)

Negation Conjunction Disjunction

Exclusive-Or Conditional Bi-conditional