MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD
ration” a perfect rectangle.
Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World
 Patterns in nature are visible regularities found
in the world and universe.
 Patterns can be modelled mathematically.
 By applying mathematics, pattern in nature is
discovered.
The Fibonacci Sequence
Situation:
A man put a pair of rabbits in a cage. During the first
month, the rabbit produced no offspring but each
month thereafter produced one new pair of rabbits. If
each new pair produced reproduces in the same
manner, how many pair of rabbits will there be at the
end of 5th month.
Leonardo of Pisa
 Known as Fibonacci, discovered a sequence of
numbers that created an interesting pattern:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8…..
 Each number in the Fibonacci sequence is
obtained by adding the last two numbers of the
1
sequence and it forms what is known as “golden
 In a golden rectangle, break it down into smaller
squares from Fibonacci sequence and divide
each with an arc, the pattern begins to take
shape, we begin with Fibonacci spiral in which
we can see in nature.
Fibonacci number is nature
 An example of efficiency in nature.
 As each row of seeds in a sunflower grows, pine
cone, or petals on a sunflower grows, it tries to
put the maximum number in the smallest space.
 Fibonacci numbers are the whole numbers
which express the golden ratio, which
corresponds to the angle which maximises
number of items in the smallest space.
 Find the 25th term in the Fibonacci sequence 1,
1, 2, 3,….. (phi = 1.618034)
 MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD

Where is Mathematics?

2
 Where is Mathematics about?

 Operation
- Addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division
- Binary operations
 Functions
- is often defines using algebraic formulas.
 Thingification of Processes
- Is the fact or process of turning something
into a thing.
 Proof
What is Mathematics for? - Is an argument, a justification, a reason that
something is true? It answers the question
 Helps organize patterns and regularities in the “why”.
world. - Why 1 + 1 = 2 x 2
 Helps predict the behaviour of nature and
phenomena in the world. How is Mathematics done?
 Helps control nature and occurrences in the  Out of curiosity.
world.
 Just like doing art.
 Helps control nature and occurrences in the
world for our own ends. Who uses Mathematics?
 Has numerous applications in the worlds
making it indispensible.  Practically everyone uses Mathematics.

Ex: Direction of a typhoon and predictiAng a population.

WHAT IS MARHETMATICS ABOUT?

Numbers
THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS
 Counting/ Natural Numbers
 Concept of Zero Try This!
 Negative Numbers
 Rational and Irrational number (Real numbers) Which of the following is a mathematical sentence?
 Imaginary and Complex Numbers a. 2 + 3 = 5 b. 4 - 9 c. x + 2

Which is “3 more than twice a number”?

a. 3x + 2 b. 2x + 3 c. 3 + 2x

3 more than twice a number is 9. What is the number?

2x + 3 = 9
2x = 9 - 3

3
2x = 6  +, -, x, /
x=3
Symbols that represent values
Mathematics is:
 X, y, z. w, etc.
 Precise
Other special symbols
- Able to male very fine distinctions.
 Concise  =, <, >, < or equal to, > or equal to, %, etc.
- Able to say things briefly.
 Powerful Symbols:
- Able to express complex thoughts with
relative ease.

Math Language has simplicity (few symbols/operations,

better suited to current use, has preferred style/format)
and elegance (as often attributed to proofs).

Expression

 An expression is the mathematical analogue of

an English noun; it is a correct arrangement of
math symbols used to represent a math object
of interest.
Ex: 3 + 4

Sentence Translate each of the following phrases into

mathematical expressions:
 A sentence is the mathematical analogue of an
English sentence; it is a correct arrangement of 1. The sum of umber x+6
math symbols that express a complete thought. and 6
Ex: 3 + 4 = 7 2. The product of 2 xy
numbers
3. The product of a -x
number and -1
Mathematical convention is a fact, name, notation, or 4. Three times the 3(x+y)
usage which generally agreed upon by mathematician. sum of two
numbers
 PEMDAS 5. Eight less than a x–8
(parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, number
division, addition, subtraction 6. Five times the 5x2
square of a
Commonly used symbols: number
7. The square of the (5 + )x2
The ten digits Hindu-Arabic numerals: sum of 5 and a
number
 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Example:
Symbols for operation

4
The sum of any two real numbers is also a real number.

True

Write as mathematical sentences. Discuss how the

word “is” is used.

1. Ten is the square root of 100. 10=√100

2. Ten is greater than 9. 10>9
3. Ten is an even number. 10>10=2n
4. Ten is a multiple of 5. 10=5n