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10. 量度方面的估計 (Estimation


(https://www.study-together.com/edu) > 初中園地 (https://www.stu
in measurements)

10. 量度估計

在進行 量度估計 的時候,其中一個十分重要的部份是估計值與實際值的差距。這差距我們稱之為 誤差。

10.1 量度的誤差 (Error of Measurement)

量度的誤差係指量度得來的結果(量度值 measured value)與實際數值(true value)之間的差距。

例1: 假設一輛車的實際長度是5.15m,若量度值是5.14m,則

誤差 = 5.15 – 5.14 = 0.01m

10.2 量度的最大誤差 (Maximum Error of Measurement)


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量度方面的估計 (Estimation in measurements) » 中一數學 » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/estimation...
準確度
量度的最大誤差 =
2

• 準確度 (Precision Level) ──量度工具上兩個連續刻度之間所表示的量

例2: 一把直尺的最小刻度是1mm,求其準確度及量度的最大誤差。

解:

◦ 準確度為1mm。
準確度 1
◦ 最大誤差 = = = 0.5mm
2 2
10.2.1 累積誤差 (Accumulative Error)

在很多情況下,我們需要兩個或以上的量度值方可得出所要求的量度。

例3: 寫出計算一個長方形面積時需要量度的值。
解: 要量度的是長方形的長及濶。

這些量度值的誤差(即長及濶的量度誤差)會在計算中“累積”下來。

累積誤差 = “最大值 – 量度值” 與 “量度值 – 最小值” 中較大的一個

例4: 小明以一把兩個連續刻度之間距離為1mm的直尺量度長方形ABCD的邊長。長及濶分別為6.4cm
及3.2cm。如果以所得的量度值計算該長方形的面積,求累積誤差?

解:

量度值(cm) 最大值(cm) 最小值(cm)

長度 6.4 6.45 6.35

闊度 3.2 3.25 3.15

以量度值計算的面積 =6.4 ×3.2 = 20.48cm2

最大的面積 = 以最大值計算的面積 = 6.45 ×3.25 = 20.9625cm2

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量度方面的估計 (Estimation in measurements) » 中一數學 » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/estimation...
最小的面積 = 以最小值計算的面積 = 6.35 ×3.15 = 20.0025cm2

∵ 20.9625 – 20.48 = 0.4825cm2


20.48 – 20.0025 = 0.4775cm2
∴ 累積誤差 = 0.4825 cm2

 全等及相似 (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/congruence-and-
similarity/)

面積及體積  (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/area-and-volume/)

中一數學【目錄】

1. 有向數 (Directed Numbers) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/directed-


numbers/)

2. 代數式和方程式 (Algebraic Expressions & Equations) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/algebraic-expressions-equations/)

3. 指數及進制 (Laws of integral indices) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


/laws-of-integral-indices/)

4. 多項式 (Polynomials) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/polynomials/)

5. 百分法 (Using percentages) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/using-


percentages/)

6. 近似值與估算 (Approximate values & estimation) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/approximate-values-estimation/)

7. 幾何簡介 (Introduction to Geometry) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


/introduction-to-geometry/)

8. 對稱及變換 (Symmetry and Transformation) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/symmetry-and-transformation/)

9. 全等及相似 (Congruence and Similarity) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/congruence-and-similarity/)

10. 量度方面的估計 (Estimation in measurements) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/estimation-in-measurements/)

11. 面積及體積 (Area and Volume) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/area-


and-volume/)

12. 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/introduction-to-coordinates/)

13. 統計簡介 (Introduction to Statistics) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


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