Trabalho 2 de Álgebra Linear II

Grupo D: Anderson, Daniel, Marcos, Mirelly e Natanael

Professor Marcos Paulo
19/02/2020

Resolução dos exercı́cios do livro de Álgerbra linear do Callioli.

Pág. 169

4)< f (t), g(t) >= a0 b0 + a1 b1 + a2 b2 + ... + an bn para f (t) = a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 + ... + an tn e

g(t) = b0 + b1 t + b2 t2 + ... + bn tn é produto interno?

i)< u + v, w >=< u, w > + < v, w >

w(t) = c0 + c1 t + c2 t2 + ... + cn tn
f (t) + g(t) = (a0 + b0 ) + (a1 + b1 )t + (a2 + b2 )t2 + ... + (an + bn )tn
< f (t), w(t) >= a0 c0 + a1 c1 + a2 c2 + ... + an cn
< g(t), w(t) >= b0 c0 + b1 c1 + b2 c2 + ... + bn cn

< f (t) + g(t), w(t) >= (a0 + b0 )c0 + (a1 + b1 )c1 + (a2 + b2 )c2 + ... + (an + bn )cn
< f (t) + g(t), w(t) >= a0 c0 + b0 c0 + a1 c1 + b1 c1 + ... + an cn + bn cn

< f (t) + g(t), w(t) >=< f (t), w(t) > + < g(t), w(t) >

ii)< αu, v >= α < u, v >

αf (t) = αa0 + αa1 t + αa2 t2 + ... + αan tn

< αf (t), g(t) >= αa0 b0 + αa1 b1 + αa2 b2 + ... + αan bn

< αf (t), g(t) >= α(a0 b0 + a1 b1 + a2 b2 + ... + an bn )

< αf (t), g(t) >= α < f (t), g(t) >

iii)< u, v >=< v, u >

1
 Considerando que a multiplicação é comutativa, então temos que

< f (t), g(t) >= a0 b0 + a1 b1 + a2 b2 + ... + an bn

< g(t), f (t) >= b0 a0 + b1 a1 + b2 a2 + ... + bn an

a0 b0 + a1 b1 + a2 b2 + ... + an bn = b0 a0 + b1 a1 + b2 a2 + ... + bn an

< f (t), g(t) >=< g(t), f (t) >

iv)< u, u > ≥ 0

< f (t), f (t) >= a20 + a21 + a22 + ... + a2n

a20 + a21 + a22 + ... + a2n ≥ 0

< f (t), f (t) > ≥ 0

Pág. 170

10) Temos que: ~u = (1, 2, 0, 1) e ~v = (3, 1, 4, 2)

< u, v >= x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 + x4 y4
< u, v >= 1.3 + 2.1 + 0.4 + 1.2 = 7

√
kuk = < u, u >
p √ √
kuk = < (1, 2, 0, 1), (1, 2, 0, 1) > = 1.1 + 2.2 + 0.0 + 1.1 = 6

√
kvk = < v, v >
p √ √
kvk = < (3, 1, 4, 2), (3, 1, 4, 2) > = 3.3 + 1.1 + 4.4 + 2.2 = 30

d(u, v) = ku − vk =
√ p √
< u − v, u − v > = (−2).(−2) + 1.1 + (−4).(−4) + (−1).(−1) = 22

u+v (4, 3, 4, 3)
=p =
ku + vk < (4, 3, 4, 3), (4, 3, 4, 3) >

(4, 3, 4, 3) (4, 3, 4, 3) (4, 3, 4, 3)

√ = √ = √
42 + 32 + 42 + 32 50 5 2

2
 | < u, v > | 7 7
cos θu<v = =√ √ = √
kuk.kvk 6. 30 6 5

Pág. 171

15) Assumindo ~u e ~v ∈ R, temos:

√ √
kuk = < u, u > = kvk = < v, v > =
√ √
x1 .x1 = x1 = 3 y1 .y1 = y1 = 5

p
< u + αy1 , u − αy1 >= < (x1 + αy1 ), (x1 − αy1 ) > = 0

p p
< (x1 + αy1 ), (x1 − αy1 ) > = x21 − (αy1 )2 = 0
s 
2
2 x21 x1
α = 2 ⇒α=±
y1 y1

x1 3
α=± ⇒α=±
y1 5

Pág. 189

1
11) Temos que: u = 1, v = t, w = t2 − 3
< u, v >=< u, w >=< v, w >= 0
Z 1
< f (t), g(t) >= f (t).g(t) dt
−1

1o )

Z 1
< u, v >= 1.t dt =
−1

1
t2 12 (−1)2
  
= − =0
2 −1 2 2

2o )

Z 1    3 1  1
1 t 1
< u, w >= 1. t2 − dt = − . t =
−1 3 3 −1 3 −1

13 (−1)3
 
1h i 2 2
− − . 1 − (−1) = − = 0
3 3 3 3 3

3
3o )

1 1  1
t4 1 t2
Z   
1 2
< v, w >= t. t − dt = − . =
−1 3 4 −1 3 2 −1

14 (−1)4 1 12 (−1)2
   
− − . − =0
4 4 3 2 2