Theories of Personality 9th Edition

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Chapter 02
Freud: Psychoanalysis
1. Describe how Freud’s three levels of mental life relate to his concept of the provinces of the mind.

Answer:

A. Freud developed his concept of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious several years before he formulated the notion of
the id, ego, and superego.
B. The unconscious is a dynamic aspect of mental life responsible for many of our behaviors. It consists of both repressed
experiences and experiences that have never been conscious. Childhood sexual and aggressive experiences are most likely to be
repressed and thus enter into the unconscious in a disguised form.
C. The preconscious consists of experiences that are less threatening than those of the unconscious. Preconscious ideas can
become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty, depending on their potential threat to the ego.
D. The conscious mind plays a relatively minor role in Freudian psychology. It refers to those ideas that are in our awareness at
any given time.
E. The id is the amoral, animal side of human nature and is completely unconscious. The id serves the pleasure principle.
F. The ego is the sense of “I” or “me” that children develop at an early age. The ego, which can be unconscious, preconscious, or
conscious, serves the reality principle.
G. The superego comes into existence after the resolution of the Oedipus complex, and serves both the moral and the idealistic
principles. The superego, like the id, is completely unconscious, meaning that its moralistic and idealistic demands are incessant
and out of contact with reality.

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2. Trace the development of both the male and the female phallic stages and explain why Freud believed that they follow
different paths.
Answer:

A. Freud believed that the male and the female phallic stages take different routes because male and female anatomies are
different.
B. The male phallic stage begins with the little boy’s sexual desire for his mother and hostility for his father—a condition called
the male Oedipus complex. Fearing his father’s retribution, the boy develops a castration complex, which takes the form of
castration anxiety, or a fear of losing his penis. Because castration anxiety is extremely traumatic, the little boy quickly resolves
this dilemma by giving up his incestuous feelings for his mother and identifying with his father. His identification with his father
leads to him developing a strong male superego—one based on his perception of his father’s morals and ideals.
C. The female phallic stage begins with the castration complex, which, for little girls, takes the form of penis envy. Holding her
mother responsible for her lack of a penis, the girl turns to her father for sexual love and generates hostility for her mother. This
condition, called the female Oedipus complex, is more difficult to resolve than the male Oedipus complex because the girl has no
traumatic experience (such as castration anxiety) to shatter it. Gradually, the girl sees the futility of her position and turns to her
mother for nonsexual love. The girl’s identification with her mother leads to the development of the female superego—a
superego based on her perception of her mother’s morals and ideals.

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3. How does Freud’s early therapeutic technique relate to recent reports of childhood abuse?
Answer:

A. Some observers have criticized Freud for abandoning the seduction theory, which placed responsibility for childhood sexual
abuse on a parent, usually the father. When Freud substituted the Oedipus complex for the seduction theory, he switched
responsibility from the parent to the child.
B. Freud’s early therapeutic technique was quite active, forceful, and suggestive. He placed his hands on his patients’ heads and
told them that they would think of something. This procedure usually led to precisely the result that Freud was looking for,
namely, the confession of a childhood seduction.
C. Freud’s highly suggestive technique tended to yield stories of childhood seduction that had been repressed for years. Many
current therapists, using somewhat different but equally suggestive procedures, have been able to “recover” patients’ long-lost
experiences of being sexually or physically abused by an older person, often a parent.

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4. Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?

A. sex and aggressionB. sex and hunger
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C. security and safety
D. security and sex

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5. Freud saw himself primarily as a

A. psychologist.B. scientist.
C. philosopher.
D. writer of fiction.
E. general practitioner.

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6. In the context of psychoanalytic theory, identify a true statement about Sigmund Freud.
A. He formulated hypotheses after knowing the facts of a case, utilizing the case study approach exclusively.B. He quantified his
data and made observations under controlled conditions.
C. He made observations on a large sample of patients, most of whom were from the lower class.
D. He relied more on rigorous research methods than on deductive reasoning.

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7. Freud’s lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from

A. being his mother’s favorite child.B. his father’s outstanding business success.
C. the death of his younger brother.
D. the presence of much older half-brothers.

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8. Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to

A. live in the United States.B. win fame by making a great discovery.
C. treat the poor and destitute of Vienna.
D. practice medicine.

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9. Freud’s free association technique evolved from

A. Charcot’s hypnotic technique.B. his use of cocaine.
C. Breuer’s cathartic method.
D. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.

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10. Freud abandoned his _____ theory in 1897, the year after his father died.
A. seductionB. Oedipal
C. dream
D. childhood sexuality
E. anal

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11. Which of the following revisions did Freud make to his theory of personality after World War I?
A. He laid emphasis on the aggression instinct.B. He identified the three levels of mental life.
C. He rejected repression as a defense mechanism to protect the ego.
D. He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex.

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12. The event that eventually led to Freud’s achievement of fame was his
A. partnership with Jung.B. use of cocaine.
C. insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
D. marriage to Martha Bernays.
E. publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.

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13. Which of the following was one of Freud’s personal qualities?
A. a lifelong acceptance and loyalty to the followers who broke away from psychoanalysisB. an inability to learn languages other
than German
C. an unromantic and dispassionate disposition, especially toward his close friends
D. an intellectual curiosity and high moral courage

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14. Freud’s three levels of mental life are

A. the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious.B. the id, the ego, and the superego.
C. aim, object, and impetus.
D. Thanatos, Eros, and the Oedipus complex.

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15. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about unconscious ideas?
A. They influence behavior only when one is aware of them.B. They have no influence on behavior.
C. They influence behavior even when one is unaware of them.
D. They are learned only after birth.

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16. Which of these progressions is most consistent with the psychoanalytic theory?
A. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which in turn leads to a reaction formation.B.
Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to suppression of sexual
activity.
C. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to
repression.
D. Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which in turn leads to punishment of sexual
behaviors.

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17. Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to

A. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.B. the physical structure of the brain where the
unconscious is located.
C. our ancestor’s experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious.
D. the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.

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18. Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate from

A. the conscious.B. the unconscious.
C. both the conscious and the unconscious.
D. None of the answers is correct.

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19. Freud believed that the id

A. serves the reality principle.B. serves the moral or idealistic principle.
C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
D. is the executive branch of personality.
E. is reasonable and logical.

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20. According to Sigmund Freud, the id is primarily involved in

A. solving problems in geometry.B. contemplating the meaning of life.
C. thumb-sucking behavior.
D. convincing a friend to plant a garden.

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 Walter A. Slaughter; Marjorie, a comic opera, Prince of Wales 18
July 1889. d. 38 East st. Bloomsbury, London 2 Dec. 1889. bur.
Woking cemetery.
LYNN, S F . b. Belfast 1836; student at the R.A. 1854,
obtained gold medal there 1859 for a group of Lycaon and Achilles;
exhibited 26 statues at the R.A. 1856–75; his Evangeline exhibited
1858 was engraved in the Art Journal 1865 p. 372; member of
Institute of Sculptors 1861; associate of Royal Hibernian academy;
executed some important public works in Dublin and Manchester. d.
Belfast 20 April 1876.
LYNNE, H . Edited a Hampshire paper; acted under Macready at
Drury Lane 1841; starred at the Princess’s with Miss Cushman and
J. W. Wallack 1844–45; first appeared in U.S. of America at
Broadway theatre, New York as Joseph Surface in The school for
scandal 27 Sep. 1847. d. St. Louis, Mobile 8 Aug. 1854.
LYON, F . b. 11 Jany. 1834; 2 lieut. R.A. 17 Dec. 1851, lieut.-col.
11 June 1877; served in Indian mutiny 1857–8, was at siege of
Lucknow; employed testing the powers of breech loading guns and
the resistance of targets; superintendent of royal laboratory at
Woolwich arsenal 1 April 1880 to death; invented a sensitive base
percussion fuse, during the trial of which at the military school of
gunnery at Shoeburyness the shell burst and he was so much injured
26 Feb. 1885 that he died same day. I.L.N. 21 March 1885 pp. 303,
304, portrait.
LYON, H (son of a house agent). b. St. Luke’s, London 15 March
1831; sang at concerts and theatres from 1837; learnt fencing and
imitating the Grecian statues; employed in Clark’s circus and at
shows in fairs; learnt the violin and the harp, and with his brother
performed in the street; a violinist in Jersey as Mr. Dymont from
America; kept a music shop in Bunhill row, London; became a
Wesleyan Methodist; a visitor for the Strangers’ Friend Society; a
gun barrel maker in the Enfield works; a French polisher; a street
preacher; a porter under Pickford & Co.; a preacher in The Christian
Community; with his wife performed sacred music in the streets and
sang hymns; a preacher and singer in Southampton in 1865. The life
of Henry Lyon (1865).
LYON, T E . b. Woolton near Liverpool 17 Oct. 1812; first
appeared in London at Adelphi theatre as Miles Bertram in the
 Wreck ashore 29 Sep. 1836; acted Jonathan Wild in Jack Sheppard
there 28 Oct. 1839; played at the Surrey, at the City of London, at
the National Standard; last appeared on the stage at City of London
theatre as Job Thornbury in John Bull 28 Aug. 1867; one of the five
originators of General theatrical fund 1839. d. White Hart tavern,
197 High st. Shoreditch, London 23 Jany. 1869. bur. Abney park
cemetery 27 Jany. Era 31 Jany. 1869 p. 10.
LYON, W (5 son of David Lyon of Jamaica and Portland place,
London). b. 1807; cornet 8 hussars 17 July 1823, captain 30 Dec.
1826, placed on h.p. 2 Aug. 1833; M.P. for Seaford 1831–2;
contested Lewes 1837, Marylebone 1859, Canterbury 1862 and
1865, and Shoreham 1874; member of bench of Middlesex
magistrates, always opposed the license of Argyle Rooms; was in
appearance exactly like the 2 baron Panmure; (m. 1860 Louisa
Maria Sporle elder dau. of Henry Valentine Smith known as H. V.
Swanborough, lessee of Strand theatre, she was an actress at Strand
theatre to 1860). d. Goring hall near Worthing 5 April 1892.
LYONS, E L , 1 Baron (4 son of John Lyons of Antigua). b.
Burton near Christchurch, Hants. 22 Nov. 1790; ed. at Hyde Abbey
school near Winchester; entered navy June 1801; took the Dutch
fort of Marrach, 74 miles west of Batavia, by surprise 30 July 1811
without orders to do so; captain 7 June 1814; commanded the
Blonde frigate in the Mediterranean 1828, co-operated with French
troops in reduction of Kastro Morea Oct. 1828 for which he
received French order of St. Louis and Greek order of the
Redeemer; K.C.H. 13 Jany. 1835; knighted 23 Jany. 1835; minister
and plenipotentiary at Athens 2 July 1835 to Feb. 1849; created
baronet 29 July 1840; K.C.B. 10 July 1844, G.C.B. 5 July 1855;
minister to the Swiss confederation 1849–51; minister at Stockholm
1851–3; R.A. 14 Jany. 1850, V.A. 19 March 1857; second in
command of Mediterranean fleet Nov. 1853, commander-in-chief
14 Feb. 1855 to 22 Feb. 1858; the practical commander of the fleet
throughout the Crimean war 1853–55; received grand cross of
legion of honour and Medjidie of 1st class; created baron Lyons of
Christchurch 23 June 1856; (m. 18 July 1814 Augusta Louisa 2 dau.
of Josias Rogers, captain R.N., she was author of three novels,
Olivia 1848, Sir Philip Hetherington 1851, The lover upon trial
1853, all published in the Parlour library, she d. 10 March 1852). He
d. Arundel Castle 24 Nov. 1858, portrait at the naval exhibition
 1891. Drawing room portrait gallery 2nd series (1859), portrait; E.
H. Nolan’s Illustrated history of war against Russia, i 398 (1857),
portrait; Illust. Times 15 March 1862 p. 164, portrait.
LYONS, R B P L , 1 Viscount (elder son of
the preceding). b. Lymington, Hampshire 26 April 1817;
midshipman H.M.S. Blonde 1829; ed. at Winchester and Ch. Ch.
Oxf., B.A. 1838, M.A. 1843, hon. D.C.L. 1865; attaché at Athens
Feb. 1839, at Dresden April 1852 and at Florence 1853; sec. of
legation at Rome 1856, envoy extraord. and min. plenipotentiary to
Grand duke of Tuscany 16 June 1858; minister at Washington 13
Dec. 1858, returned to England 6 Dec. 1864, retired 28 Feb. 1865;
voted freedom of city of London 28 Feb. 1856, admitted 19 May
1856; ambassador at Constantinople 10 Aug. 1865, at Paris 6 July
1867 to 1887, negotiated renewal of commercial treaty of 1860,
1873; K.C.B. 11 Dec. 1860, G.C.B. 24 Jany. 1862; P.C. 9 March
1865; G.C.M.G. 24 May 1879; created viscount Lyons of
Christchurch in the county of Southampton 17 Nov. 1881; joined
Church of Rome shortly before his death; his decease prevented his
being created an earl. d. Norfolk house, 31 St. James’s sq. London 5
Dec. 1887. bur. Arundel 10 Dec.
LYONS, F . b. Cork 1797; ed. at univ. of Paris, M.D. 1822 but
never practised; M.P. Cork 1859–65. d. 1865.
LYONS, H . b. 8 July 1802; entered Bombay army 1817; lieut. 12
Bombay N.I. 9 July 1818; captain 23 N.I. 25 May 1827 to 21 Jany.
1846; major 28 N.I. 21 Jany. 1846, lieut.-col. 26 Oct. 1850 to 1852;
lieut.-col. of 6 N.I. 1852–53, of 1 European regiment, right wing
1853–4, of 14 N.I. 1854–5, of 23 N.I. 1855–7; town major, Bombay
2 Dec. 1851 to 5 May 1859; lieut.-col. of 1 N.I. 1857 to 7 Oct.
1860; col. of 18 N.I. 7 Oct. 1860 to 1869; L.G. 20 May 1871. d.
Widmore, Bromley, Kent 27 May 1873.
LYONS, J G . b. England; ordained in the church of
England; R. of St. Mary’s ch. Burlington, New Jersey, U.S. America
1844; a teacher in Philadelphia 1861; principal of a classical school,
Haverford, Pennsylvania to death; author of Christian songs,
translations and other poems. Philadelphia 1861. d. Haverford 2
Jany. 1868.
LYONS, J (eld. son of John Lyons of Lyons, Antigua, and St.
Austin’s, Hants.) b. 1 Sep. 1787; entered navy 20 Sep. 1798; took
 part in battle of Trafalgar; captain 22 July 1830; employed for the
government in Egypt; retired admiral 2 April 1866. d. Worthing 15
Dec. 1872.
LYONS, J C (only child of Charles John Lyons 1766–96,
captain 12 light dragoons). b. 22 Aug. 1792; matric. from Pemb.
coll. Oxf. 21 May 1810; sheriff of Westmeath 1816; author of
Treatise on the management of orchidaceous plants, with a
catalogue of more than one thousand species 2 ed. Dublin 1845; A
book of surveys and distribution of the estates forfeited in the
county of Westmeath in the year 1641. Ledestown 1852; The grand
juries of Westmeath from 1727 to 1853. Ledestown 1853. d.
Ledestown, Westmeath 3 Sep. 1874. bur. in churchyard of
Mullingar, co. Westmeath.
LYONS, L , stage name of A. C. Lyons (dau. of a woman who kept
a glove shop in Carlton st. Regent st. London in 1828). b. about
1820; sat for the Madonna to Stephanoff and Chalon for their quasi-
religious pictures; a pupil of royal academy of music Jany. 1835 to
Dec. 1836; sang in the chorus at the Italian opera and at Exeter hall;
first appeared as an actress at the Queen’s theatre, London 13 June
1839; mistress of the Marquis of Waterford 1839–42; played
Giovanni in Giovanni in London, at Victoria theatre 23 Sep. 1844;
played at the Strand theatre before 1845 as Miss Lyons her real
name; played afterwards under name of Turner at Olympic and
Lyceum; lived in splendid style at Bayswater; made a first-rate
matrimonial match. Baron Nicholson’s Autobiography (1860) 53,
250.
LYONS, R S D (2 son of sir Wm. Lyons 1794–1858). b.
Cork 1826; ed. at Cork and Trin. coll. Dublin, B.A. and M.B. 1848;
L.R.C.S. Ireland 1849; the first in Ireland to lecture on use of
microscope in relation to disease; chief pathological comr. to the
army in the Crimea 1855; awarded Crimean and Turkish medals
and clasps for Sebastopol 8 Sep. 1855; investigated pathological
anatomy of yellow fever raging at Lisbon 1857, for which he
received cross and insignia of Ancient Order of Christ; physician
and teacher in St. George’s hospital, Dublin 1858; professor of
medicine in R. C. university medical school; physician to house of
industry hospitals; a comr. of inquiry into treatment of Irish treason-
felony prisoners in English gaols 1870; enquired into treatment of
French political prisoners 1870; a senator of the royal univ. 1880;
 crown nominee for Ireland in general medical council of the U.K.
29 Nov. 1881; M.P. city of Dublin 1880–5; author of An apology
for the microscope 1851; A handbook of hospital practice 1859; A
treatise on fever 1861; Forest acres in Europe and America and
probable future timber supplies 1884. d. 89 Merrion sq. Dublin 19
Dec. 1886. Midland medical miscellany 1 Feb. 1884 pp. 33–5,
portrait; Biograph, iii 396–400 (1880).
LYONS, S W (2 son of Wm. Lyons of Cork, merchant). b. Cork
28 Aug. 1794; a merchant at Cork; sheriff of Cork; mayor of Cork
1848 and 1849; knighted by the queen on board the ‘Fairy’ yacht at
Cork 3 Aug. 1849. d. 27 Dec. 1858.
LYSAGHT, A . b. 22 Nov. 1782; entered navy 30 June 1795;
captain 25 Sep. 1806; R.A. 23 Nov. 1841; admiral on half pay 18
June 1857. d. Twickenham 19 March 1859.
LYSLEY, W J (only son of William Lysley d. 1792). b. 12
Dec. 1791; barrister I.T. 25 Nov. 1825; sheriff of Herts. 1851; M.P.
Chippenham 1859–65; contested Chippenham 12 July 1865; F.S.A.
d. St. Leonards on Sea 14 Jany. 1873.
LYSONS, S (2 son of rev. Daniel Lysons, topographer 1762–
1834). b. 17 March 1806; ed. at Exeter coll. Oxf., B.A. 1830, M.A.
1836; R. of Rodmarton, Gloucs. 1833 to death; built St. Luke’s ch.
High Orchard, Gloucester, consecrated 21 April 1841; rural dean of
Gloucester 1865–76; hon. canon of Gloucester cath. 24 Dec. 1867
to death; F.S.A. 6 June 1861; author of Conjectures concerning the
identity of the patriarch Job, his family, the time in which he lived
and the locality of the land of Uz. Oxford 1832; The Romans in
Gloucestershire 1860; Claudia and Pudens, a tale of the first century
1861; The model merchant of the middle ages, Whittington and his
cat 1861; Our British ancestors, who and what they were 1865. d.
Hempsted court, Gloucester 27 March 1877. Gloucestershire Notes
and Queries, ii 514–6, 533.
LYSTER, J (eld. son of col. Anthony Lyster of Lysterfield, co.
Roscommon, d. 1841). b. 7 Sep. 1810; C. of Edgworthstown; V. of
Rufagh and C. of Street; R. of Tashinny, Ardagh 1851; dean of
Leighlin and R. of Wells 1854–64; hon. LL.D. Dublin 1863; R. of
St. George’s cath. Kingston and dean of Ontario 1863, non-resident
by leave of the bishop with consent of parishioners. d. Plas Isaaf,
Ruthin, North Wales 2 Sep. 1891.
LYSTER, W S (son of captain Chaworth Lyster of
Greenane, Queen’s co.). b. Dublin 21 March 1827; engaged in the
production of operas in the Australian colonies and New Zealand
1861–81 where the Lyster opera companies were very well known;
up to 1878 had superintended 1750 performances in Melbourne
where he was a proprietor and managing director of the new Opera
House opened 1872. d. Melbourne 26 Nov. 1880.
LYTH, J . b. York 13 March 1821; Wesleyan Methodist minister
1843; at Gloucester 1847–9, at Nottingham 1851–4, 1877–80, at
Halifax 1854–7, at Liverpool 1868–71, at Sheffield 1871–4, at Hull
1874–7, at York 1883 to death; the first Wesleyan missionary in
Germany, at Winnenden, Würtemberg 1859–65; D.D.; author of
Wild Flowers 1843; Die Zionsharfe, a collection of spiritual songs
1863; Der Sontags-Gast, a periodical 3 vols. 1863–5; Kleine Lieder
fur kleine Leute 1864; A homiletical commentary on Isaiah 1867;
The homiletical treasury, Romans to Philippians 1869; Glimpses of
early Methodism in York 1885. d. Carlton terrace, York, on the
anniversary of his birth 13 March 1886.
LYTH, R B . b. York 1810; ed. for medical profession;
medical missionary of Wesleyan Methodist soc. to the Friendly and
Fiji islands 1836–55; translated portions of Old and New Testament
into Fijian language, in which he also composed hymns; established
a training institution for native agents at Lakemba, Fiji; governor of
Wesleyan coll. Auckland, New Zealand 1855–58; Wesl. minister
Gibraltar 1869–74. d. Fulford barracks, Yorkshire 27 Feb. 1887.
LYTHGOE, T . b. Manchester 1832; inspector of Metropolitan gas
co.; an aeronaut 1850 to death, making 405 successful ascents; the
first person to make an ascent from the crystal palace about 1860. d.
Hertford, April 1893.
LYTTELTON, G W L , 4 Baron (eld. son of 3
baron Lyttelton 1782–1837). b. Saville row, London 31 March
1817; ed. at Eton and Trin. coll. Camb., chancellor’s medallist and
bracketed senior classic 1838, B.A. and M.A. 1838, LL.D. 1862;
D.C.L. Oxf. 1870; lord lieut. of Worcs. 7 Nov. 1839 to death;
principal of Queen’s coll. Birmingham 1845; the first pres. of
Birmingham and midland institute 1853; a founder of Diocesan
training college for schoolmasters at Saltley opened 1852, pres.
many years; under secretary of state for the colonies Jany. to July
 1846; chairman of the Canterbury Association 1849 which founded
province of Canterbury, New Zealand 1850, the seaport of Lyttelton
near Christchurch, N.Z. was called after him; a public schools
inquiry comr. 1861; chief comr. of endowed schools 1869–74;
F.R.S. 30 April 1840; chairman of Worcester cathedral restoration
committee; P.C. 15 Feb. 1869; K.C.M.G. 30 June 1869; pres. of
British chess association some years; published with W. E.
Gladstone a volume of translations into Greek and Latin entitled Ex
voto communi in memoriam duplicum nuptiarum viii Kal. Aug.
MDCCCXXXIX; edited several of his father’s works and was
author of The four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles with notes
1856; New Zealand and the Canterbury colony 1859; The final
court of appeal in causes affecting the doctrine of the church of
England 1864; Ephemera Series 1, 2, 1865–72; Two lectures on a
visit to the Canterbury colony 1868; committed suicide by jumping
out of window at 18 Park crescent, London 19 April 1876. bur.
Hagley churchyard 22 April. British Medical Journal 29 April 1876
pp. 542–3; I.L.N. xxvii 44 (1855), portrait, lxviii 421, 430 (1876),
portrait; Graphic, xiii 416 (1876), portrait; Walford’s
Representative men (1868), portrait 12; Illust. Midland news, i 61
(1869), portrait.
LYTTELTON, S (brother of the preceding). b. Saville row,
London 19 June 1818; served some years in royal navy; ensign
Scots fusilier guards 24 May 1839, retired 6 Aug. 1841; attached to
legation at St. Petersburg 27 Aug. 1847; marshal of ceremonies to
the Queen 1 Jany. 1847 to Jany. 1877 when he resigned. d. 11 Eaton
terrace, London 4 Feb. 1889.
LYTTELTON, W H (brother of 4 baron Lyttelton 1817–76).
b. 3 April 1820; ed. at Winchester and Trin. coll. Camb., M.A.
1841; C. of Kettering, Northamptonshire 1843–5; R. of Hagley,
Worcs. 1847 to death; hon. canon of Worcester 4 Nov. 1850 to
1880; canon of Gloucester 1880 to death; edited Forms of praise
and prayer in the manner of offices. Oxford 1869; Scripture
revelations of the life after death 1875, 4 ed. 1893; translated from
the French of Frédéric Godet, Studies on the Old Testament, 2 ed.
1882; Lectures in defence of the christian faith 1881, 2 ed. 1883;
and from the French of Félix Bovet, Egypt, Palestine and Phœnicia,
a visit to sacred lands 1882. d. Malvern 24 July 1884.
LYTTON, E G E L B -L , 1 Baron
(youngest son of Wm. Earle Bulwer of Heydon hall, Norfolk,
general 1757–1807). b. 31 Baker st. London 25 May 1803; ed. at
Rottingdean, Ealing and Trin. coll. and Trin. hall Camb.,
chancellor’s medallist 1825; B.A. 1826, M.A. 1835, hon. LL.D.
1864; hon. LL.D. Oxf. 1853; purchased an ensigncy in the army 19
Oct. 1825, placed on h.p. 27 July 1826, sold out 25 Jany. 1829;
edited the New Monthly Mag. Nov. 1831 to 1832; M.P. St. Ives,
Hunts. 1831–2; M.P. Lincoln 1832–41; contested city of Lincoln
1841 and 1847; M.P. Herts. 1852–66; his plays The duchess de la
Vallière produced 4 Jany. 1837; The Lady of Lyons or love and
pride 15 Feb. 1838; Richelieu or the conspiracy 7 March 1839, all 3
at Covent Garden; The sea captain or the birthright, produced at
Haymarket 31 Oct. 1839, revived at Lyceum as The rightful heir 3
Oct. 1868; Money, produced at Haymarket 8 Dec. 1840, which ran
for unprecedented number of 80 nights; Not so bad as we seem,
performed by Charles Dickens’s amateur company at duke of
Devonshire’s house in London 27 May 1851; created baronet 18
July 1838; assumed surname of Lytton by r.l. 10 Feb. 1844;
secretary of state for the colonies 31 May 1858 to 18 June 1859,
new colony of British Columbia organised 1858, Queensland
separated from New South Wales 1859, a town in each colony is
named Lytton after him; lord rector of Glasgow univ. 1856 and
1858; created baron Lytton of Knebworth, Herts. 14 July 1866; P.C.
5 June 1858; G.C.M.G. 15 Jany. 1870; author of Ismael, an Oriental
tale with other poems 1820; Pelham, or the adventures of a
gentleman 3 vols. 1828, anon.; Paul Clifford. By E.L.B. 3 vols.
1830; The pilgrims of the Rhine 1834, anon.; The last days of
Pompeii 3 vols. 1834; Rienzi, the last of the tribunes 3 vols. 1835;
Athens, its rise and fall 2 vols. 1837; Night and morning 3 vols.
1841; Zanoni 3 vols. 1842; Lucretia or the children of night 1846,
anon.; King Arthur, a poem 1848; The Caxtons 3 vols. 1849; My
Novel. By Pisistratus Caxton 4 vols. 1853; What will he do with it.
By P. Caxton 4 vols. 1859; The coming race 1871, anon., and about
40 other books; a library edition of his novels appeared in 43 vols.
1859–63. d. Argyll lodge, Torquay 18 Jany. 1873. bur. St. Edmund’s
chapel, Westminster abbey 25 Jany. Life, letters and literary
remains. By his Son 2 vols. (1883), 2 portraits; Lord Lytton, a
biography by Thomson Cooper (1873); The Derby ministry. By
Mark Rochester i.e. Charles Kent (1858) 143–94; Illustrated
 Review 15 June 1871 pp. 551–5, portrait; Cartoon Portraits (1873)
1–5, portrait; J. H. Friswell’s Modern men of letters (1870) 243–56;
R. H. Horne’s New spirit of the age, ii 189–214 (1844), portrait; J.
C. Jeaffreson’s Novels and novelists, ii 198–220 (1858); Madden’s
Literary life of Countess of Blessington, iii 27–63 (1855); Graphic,
vii 70, 97, 100 (1873), 2 portraits.
N .—He gave the ground near Stevenage, Herts., for an institute for retired members of the
Guild of Literature and Art 1851, one side of the building consisting of 13 dwellings was erected
and inaugurated 29 July 1865 but the scheme was a failure. He is satirised by Thackeray in his
Memoirs of Mr. Charles J. Yellowplush as Mistawedward Lytton Bulwig. The works of W. M.
Thackeray, xii 404–14 (1869).

LYTTON, E R B L , 1 Earl of (only son of the

preceding). b. 36 Hertford st. London 8 Nov. 1831; ed. at Harrow
and Bonn; attaché at Washington 1849, at Florence 1852, at Paris
1854, at the Hague 1856, at St. Petersburg 1858, at Constantinople
1858, at Vienna 1859; secretary of legation at Copenhagen 1863, at
Athens 1864, at Lisbon 1865; secretary to embassy at Madrid 1868,
at Vienna 1868, at Constantinople 1870, at Paris 1872–4; minister at
Lisbon 26 Nov. 1874 to 1 March 1876; succeeded as 2 baron Lytton
18 Jany. 1873; declined governorship of Malta, Jany. 1875; viceroy
of India 12 Feb. 1876 to 27 April 1880, installed viceroy 12 April
1876; the Queen was proclaimed empress of India at Delhi 1 Jany.
1877; G.C.S.I. 12 April 1876, grand master of the order 1876–80;
G.C.B. 1 Jany. 1878; created viscount Knebworth of Knebworth
and earl of Lytton 26 April 1880; lord rector of Glasgow univ. 1887;
ambassador at Paris 1 Nov. 1887 to death; edited some of his
father’s works and wrote a continuation to his Autobiography 1883;
author of The ring of Amasis, a romance 2 vols. 1863; Chronicles
and characters 2 vols. 1868; Orval or the fool of time 1869; Julian
Fane, a memoir 1871; Fables in song 2 vols. 1874; King Poppy, a
story without end. By Horatio 1875; Glenaveril 1885; After
Paradise, or legends of exile 1887; and under the pseudonym of
Owen Meredith, Clytemnestra 1855; The Wanderer 1859; Serbski
Pesme or national songs of Servia 1861; Lucile 1860; The poetical
works of Owen Meredith, new ed. 2 vols. 1867; published with J. C.
H. Fane under pseudonyms of Neville Temple and Edward Trevor,
Tannhaüser, or the battle of the bards, a poem 1861. d. at the British
embassy, Paris 24 Nov. 1891. bur. in mausoleum near Knebworth
church 1 Dec. T. H. S. Escott’s Pillars of the empire (1879) 189–96;
C. Brown’s Life of Beaconsfield, ii 28 (1882), portrait; Army and
 navy mag. iii 99 (1882), portrait; Dublin Univ. Mag. June 1876 pp.
654–68, portrait; Black and White 28 Nov. 1891 p. 707, portrait.
LYTTON, R A D (youngest dau. of Francis Massy
Wheeler of Lizzard Connel, Limerick). b. Ballywhire near Limerick
2 Nov. 1802; ed. in Kensington, London; her parents having
separated, she lived with her mother in Guernsey and Caen; m. at
St. James’s ch. Piccadilly 29 Aug. 1827 Edward George Earle
Lytton Bulwer afterwards 1 baron Lytton, they executed a deed of
separation 19 April 1836 her allowance being £400 per annum,
which was increased to £500 by deed dated 1 Oct. 1858; at the
hustings at Hertford she exposed her husband’s cruel treatment of
her 8 June 1858; confined by her husband in R. G. Hill’s lunatic
asylum, Inverness lodge, Brentford 22 June to 17 July 1858; lived at
Taunton 1856–74, at Upper Sydenham 1875 to death; author of
Cheveley, the man of honour 3 vols. 1839, reprinted as Lady
Cheveley or the woman of honour 1839; The budget of the Bubble
family 3 vols. 1840; Bianca Capello, an historical romance 3 vols.
1842; The prince-duke and the page. Ed. by Lady L. Bulwer 3 vols.
1841; Memoirs of a Muscovite. Ed. by Lady Lytton 3 vols. 1844;
The peer’s daughters 3 vols. 1849; Miriam Sedley, or the tares and
the wheat 3 vols. 1851; The school for husbands, or Molière’s Life
and times 3 vols. 1852; Behind the scenes 3 vols. 1854; Very
successful 3 vols. 1856; Mauleverer’s divorce, a story of women’s
wrongs 3 vols. 1857; The world and his wife, a novel 3 vols. 1858;
The household fairy 1870; Where there’s a will there’s a way 1871,
anon.; Shells from the sands of time 1876. d. Glenômera, Upper
Sydenham 12 March 1882. bur. churchyard of St. John the
Evangelist, Shirley, Surrey. Life of Rosina, lady Lytton. By Louisa
Devey (1887), portrait; Letters of lord Lytton to lady Lytton. Edited
by L. Devey (1884), this book was suppressed by lord Lytton’s
successor 12 Jany. 1885; Thomas Mulock’s British lunatic asylums
(1858) 47–9; Lady Bulwer Lytton’s Appeal to the justice and charity
of the English public (1857), 3 ed. (1857); The life of E. B. lord
Lytton, by his son, ii 33 etc.; You have heard of them. By Q. (1854),
31–6; Daily News 16 March 1882 p. 5.
LYVEDEN, R V , 1 Baron (eld. son of Robert Percy Smith
of Cheam, Surrey 1770–1845, judge advocate general in India). b.
23 Feb. 1800; ed. at Eton and Ch. Ch. Oxf., B.A. 1822; M.P. Tralee
1829–31; M.P. Northampton 1831–59; a junior lord of the treasury
 24 Nov. 1830 to 21 Nov. 1834; sec. of board of control 21 April
1835 to 30 Sep. 1839 and president 3 March 1855 to 6 March 1858;
under sec. of state for the colonies 1839 to 8 Sep. 1841; P.C. 21
Aug. 1841; dropped the use of his patronymic Smith by r.l. 5 Aug.
1846; sec. of state for war 6 Feb. to 28 Feb. 1852; cr. baron Lyveden
of Lyveden, Northants. 28 June 1859; G.C.B. 13 July 1872; edited
Letters addressed to the countess of Ossory by Horace Walpole
1848. d. Farming Woods near Thrapstone, Northamptonshire 10
Nov. 1873, personalty sworn under £250,000, 17 Jany. 1874. I.L.N.
lxiii 495 (1873), lxiv 54 (1874).
M
MAAS, J . b. Dartford, Kent 30 Jany. 1847; a chorister in Rochester
cathedral 1857; a clerk in Chatham dockyard; studied singing under
San Giovanni at Milan 1869–71; sang at St. James’s hall, London,
Feb. 1871; made his début on the stage at Covent Garden 29 Aug.
1872 as prince Babil in Boucicault’s Babil and Bijou; sang with the
Kellogg English opera co. in America; principal tenor with the Carl
Rosa opera co. in Great Britain 1877–80; sang at Her Majesty’s
theatre 1880; sang in Paris 1884, in Brussels at the Bach and Handel
festival 1885; created the part of the Chevalier des Grieux in
Massenet’s opera Manon at Drury Lane 7 May 1885; almost
unrivalled in Handel’s oratorios and English ballads; sang at
Birmingham musical festival 1885. d. of rheumatic fever at 21
Marlborough hill, St. John’s Wood, London 16 Jany. 1886. bur.
Child’s Hill cemet. Hampstead, marble monument with carved
portrait unveiled in the cemetery 20 Feb. 1887.
MABERLY, C C (2 dau. of the hon. Francis
Aldborough Prittie of Corville, co. Tipperary 1779–1853). b. 1805;
(m. 11 Nov. 1830 W. L. Maberly 1798–1885); author of Emily, or
the Countess of Rosendale 3 vols. 1840; The love match 3 vols.
1841, 3 ed. 1863; Melanthe, or the days of the Medici 3 vols. 1843;
Leontine, or the court of Louis the Fifteenth 3 vols. 1846; The
present state of Ireland and its remedy 1847, 3 ed. 1847; Fashion
and its votaries 3 vols. 1848; The lady and the priest 3 vols. 1851;
Display, a novel 3 vols. 1855; Leonora 3 vols. 1856, 2 ed. 1866. d. 7
Feb. 1875.
MABERLEY, F H (son of Stephen Maberley of
London). b. 1781 or 1782; ed. at Westminster and Trin. coll. Camb.,
 B.A. 1806, M.A. 1809; C. of Bourn Cambs.; travelled in a van all
over England distributing protestant tracts about 1812; his pamphlet
in 1818 upon the drowning of an undergraduate called Lawrence
Dundas led to introduction of a system of licensed lodgings at
Cambridge; appeared at the bar of the house of lords to impeach the
duke of Wellington on account of the Roman Catholic emancipation
bill, when he was summarily ejected 1829; author of The
melancholy death of Lawrence Dundas, with an address on
drunkenness 1818; V. of Great Finborough, Suffolk 14 May 1834 to
death. d. Stowmarket 24 Jany. 1860. G.M. viii 511 (1860).
MABERLY, W L (son of John Maberly of Shirley house
near Croydon, M.P. for Abingdon 1820–31). b. 7 May 1798; lieut. 7
foot 23 March 1815; lieut. 9 lancers 1817, placed on h.p. 14 May
1818; major 72 foot 10 Nov. 1825 to 30 Dec. 1826; lieut.-col. 96
foot 30 Dec. 1826 to 13 Sep. 1827; lieut.-col. 76 foot 13 Sep. 1827,
placed on h.p. 9 March 1832; retired 1 July 1881; M.P. Westbury
1819–20, M.P. Northampton 1820–30, M.P. Shaftesbury 1831–2
and M.P. Chatham 1832–4; contested Abingdon 10 Dec. 1832;
surveyor general of the ordnance 12 Jany. 1831 to Dec. 1832; clerk
of the ordnance 1833–4; a comr. of customs 1834–6; joint secretary
of general post office 29 Sep. 1836, permanent secretary Nov. 1846
to April 1854, opposed all schemes of postal reform; comr. of board
of audit April 1854, retired 1866 on pension of £1200; granted
additional pension from the post office of £533 6s. 8d., 1 April
1867. d. 23 Gloucester place, Portman sq. London 6 Feb. 1885. E.
Yates’s Recollections, i 96–100 (1884); A. Trollope’s Autobiography,
i 59–63 (1883).
M’ADAM, D . Second lieut. R.M. 19 April 1805, lieut.-col. 27 May
1848; col. and 2nd commandant 14 March 1854 to 18 April 1854
when he retired on full pay; M.G. 20 June 1855; was more than 70
times under fire. d. Edinburgh 10 June 1859. G.M. vii 86 (1859).
MAC ADAM, J . b. Belfast, Jany. 1801; one of the 8 founders of the
natural history and philosophical society of Belfast 1821, pres. to
death; one of founders of botanic garden at Belfast; F.G.S.; lectured
On the production of the flax plant and the modes of preparing its
fibre for manufacture 1852. d. Belfast 1 June 1861. Quarterly
journal of Geological soc. xviii 37 (1862).
MC ADAM, S J N (3 son of John Loudon Mc Adam,
introducer of system of road making that bears his name 1756–
1836). b. 1785; general surveyor of metropolis turnpike roads to
death; knighted at St. James’s palace 26 March 1834 instead of his
father who declined the honour. d. 17 Finchley road, St. John’s
Wood, London 30 June 1852.
MACADAM, J (son of Wm. Macadam). b. Northbank near
Glasgow, May 1827; ed. at univs. of Glasgow and Edinb.; M.D.
Glasgow; lecturer on chemistry and natural science in the Scotch
college, Melbourne 1855; member of Philosophical institution of
Victoria, secretary 1857–63, vice pres. 1863, the institution became
royal society of Victoria 1859, edited the society’s Transactions
vols. 1–5; member for Castlemaine in legislative assembly of
Victoria 1859–64; postmaster general 26 April to 14 Nov. 1861;
lecturer on chemistry in univ. of Melbourne 1861–2; government
officer of health and public analyst to city of Melbourne. d. on
board the Alhambra on his way to New Zealand 2 Sep. 1865.
MC ADAM, W (eld. son of Wm. Mc Adam d. 23 Feb. 1836 the
eld. son of J. L. Mc Adam 1756–1836). b. 1803; surveyor general of
turnpike roads in England to death; K.H. 1834. d. the Park, Bath 28
Aug. 1861. Observations sur les routes dites Mac Adam. Par
Auguste Jones suivies d’une réponse de W. Mac Adam etc. 1861.
MACALESTER, C A (son of colonel Archibald
Macalester). b. 1790; ensign 35 foot 19 Sep. 1795, major 13 June
1811, placed on h.p. 8 June 1826; brevet lieut.-col. 12 Aug. 1819;
served in the campaigns of Egypt, Calabria, Belgium and France, at
the capture of Malta and the Ionian Islands; chief of civil
government of Island of Cerigo 1809–12; K.H. 1833. d. Loup
cottage, Axminster, Devon 25 Aug. 1869.
MACALISTER, A . b. Glasgow 1818; educated for a solicitor;
solicitor at Ipswich, New South Wales 1850; M.P. Ipswich in the
parliament of Queensland 10 May 1860 to 1871 and 1873–6;
secretary for lands and works 21 March 1862 to Feb. 1866; premier
1 Feb. to 20 July 1866, 7 Aug. 1866 to Aug. 1867 and 8 Jany. 1874
to 5 June 1876; secretary of works and goldfields 28 Jany. 1869 to 3
May 1870; speaker for session of 1870–1; colonial secretary 8 Jany.
1874 to 5 June 1876; agent general for Queensland in London 22
June 1876 to 16 Nov. 1881; C.M.G. 13 March 1876. d. at the
 residence of his sister, Sunnyside, Uddington near Glasgow 23
March 1883.
M’ALL, R W (son of Robert Stephens M’All, independent
minister, d. 1838). b. 1821; independent minister Sunderland; with
his wife established the Mc All non-sectarian mission in Paris for
teaching the ‘lapsed masses’ Jany. 1872, which before his death had
43 meeting places in Paris, 89 in the provinces of France and 6 in
Algeria and Tunis; received a medal from the Encouragement du
Bien society; received a testimonial on the 20 anniversary of the
mission 1892; member of legion of honour July 1892; author of
Letter and symbol, a lecture on the personal reign theory, in
Ebenezer chapel, Sunderland 1853. d. Auteuil near Paris 11 May
1893. The white fields of France or the story of Mr. M’All’s mission.
By H. Bonar (1879); A cry from the land of Calvin and Voltaire
(1887).
MC CALL, S (younger son of Robert Mc All, minister of the
countess of Huntingdon’s chapel). b. St. Ives, Cornwall 5 Oct. 1807;
ed. Rotherham coll.; pastor of Hall Gate chapel, Doncaster 1829–
43; pastor at Nottingham 1843–60; principal of Hackney coll.
1860–80; author of Lectures at the nonconformist churches in
Nottingham 1850; The logic of atheism 1853, 2 ed. entitled The
sceptics credulity 1870; The pastoral care, hints on the services of
congregational churches 1873; Delivery, or lecture room hints on
public speaking 1875. d. 2 Goulton road, Clapton, London 9 March
1888. Congregational Year book (1889) 198–201.
MC ALPIN, W . Chief engineer in service of the Viceroy of Egypt
25 years, d. 1 May 1865 aged 61. bur. Highgate cemetery.
MACAN, G . b. 1803; entered Bombay army 1819; lieut. 15
Bombay N.I. 182-, captain 9 Feb. 1829; captain 2nd Bombay
European regiment 1839, lieut.-col. 15 May 1850 to 1855, of 14
N.I. 1855–7, of 3 N.I. 1857–8, of 11 N.I. 1858–60; commandant
Baroda 10 June 1859 to 1860; col. of 25 Bombay light infantry 2
June 1860 to death; M.G. 20 April 1862. d. 1 Westbourne st. Hyde
park gardens, London 12 Nov. 1866.
MACAN, H . b. 1804; entered Bombay army 1819; lieut. 17
Bombay N.I. 182-, captain 27 Nov. 1834, lieut.-col. 29 Dec. 1846 to
1852; lieut.-col. of 24 N.I. 1852 to 6 Dec. 1856; commandant
Rajcote 10 April 1854 to 24 Nov. 1855; commanded Rajpootana
 field force 10 March 1856 to 1857; col. of 17 N.I. 6 Dec. 1856;
general 24 May 1877; C.B. 28 Feb. 1861. d. 31 Craven road,
Westbourne terrace, London 20 April 1885.
MACAN, J . Called to Irish bar 1815; Q.C. 13 July 1835; bencher of
King’s Inns 1841 to death; comr. of court of bankruptcy 1836–57,
judge of the court 1857 to death; found dead in his bed at 9
Mountjoy sq. north, Dublin 5 June 1859.
MACANDREW, J . b. Aberdeen 1820; in business in London till
1850; went to Otago, New Zealand 1850; a ship builder; a member
of the N.Z. parliament from the establishment of responsible
government 1854 to death; minister of lands Oct. 1877, minister of
public works 1878; superintendent of the Otago province 1860–76;
the first to establish steam communication between New Zealand
and England; founder of Otago university; author of Address to the
people of Otago. Dunedin 1875. d. from effects of a carriage
accident 24 Feb. 1887. W. Gisborne’s New Zealand rulers (1886)
269–70, portrait.
M’ARDLE, J F . b. Liverpool 1842; ed. R.C. institute
Maryland st., and St. Cuthbert’s coll. Ushaw; journalist in England
and Ireland; connected with the Northern Press, now The Catholic
Times, Liverpool; wrote Taffy’s triumph, a farce, and The Talisman,
a burlesque, theatre royal Liverpool 10 Aug. 1874; Round the
globe, a spectacle, Alexandra theatre 29 March 1875; The musical
marionettes, a comedy, and Zampa, a burlesque, Prince of Wales’ 6
and 9 Oct. 1876; Round the clock, a dramatic folly, Alexandra 25
March 1878; Olivia’s love, drama, Royal 6 May 1878; Flint and
steel, a farce, Alexandra, Sheffield, May 1881; Fluff or a clean
sweep, an absurdity, Opera house, Leicester 1 Aug. 1881; wrote The
wicked Welshman 1878, She’s a daisy 1881, You have often heard
of my complaints 1882 and other songs. d. at the res. of his mother,
Flint st. Liverpool 21 Feb. 1883. bur. Ford cemetery 6 miles from
Liverpool 24 Feb.
MACARTE, R (sister of George Ginnett, equestrian). Pupil of
Andrew Ducrow, proprietor of Astley’s amphitheatre; appeared
before the court at Brighton with Ducrow’s company; one of the
most accomplished equestriennes of her time; retired about 1857. d.
in United States of America 3 Sep. 1892.
M’ARTHUR, D C . b. 1809; in service of North British
insurance co. Edinb. 1826–35; clerk in bank of Australasia, Sydney,
N.S.W. 1835, sent to open a branch in Melbourne, Victoria 1837,
manager till 1860, general superintendent of the bank’s colonial
establishments 1868, retired from active service 1885, local director
of the Melbourne branch till death; member of a committee for
enquiring into the finances of Victoria, who recommended abolition
of the imprest system 1854. d. Melbourne 15 Nov. 1887.
M’ARTHUR, D . b. Glasgow 1773; surgeon R.N.; M.D. of
Aberdeen 1 March 1810; F.L.S. 1810; physician to the fleet 27
April 1812; physician naval hospital, Deal; F.R.C.P. Lond. 10 Feb.
1841; C.B. 17 Aug. 1850. d. Deal or Walmer, Kent 16 Jany. 1855.
Proc. Linnean Soc. ii 414 (1855).
MACARTHUR, S E (eld. child of John Macarthur 1767–1834,
of Camden park, one of founders of Australian merino wool
industry). b. Bath 1789; taken by his parents to New South Wales
1790; ensign 60 foot 27 Oct. 1808; lieut. 39 foot 1809, captain 8
Feb. 1821, placed on h.p. as major 10 June 1826; served in the
Peninsula 1812–14; secretary in lord chamberlain’s office, house of
lords 1830–7; A.A.G. in Ireland 1837–41; D.A.G in Australia
1851–5; commanded the troops in Australia 1855–60; acting
governor of Victoria 1 Jany. to 31 Dec. 1856; col. of 100 foot 28
Sep. 1862 to death; L.G. 14 June 1868; C.B. 17 July 1857, K.C.B.
23 July 1862; author of Colonial policy of 1840 and 1841 as
illustrated by the governor’s despatches 1841. d. 27 Prince’s
gardens, London 4 Jany. 1872. I.L.N. lx 51 (1872).
MACARTHUR, H H (son of the succeeding). b.
Plymouth 16 Jany. 1788; emigrated to New South Wales 1805;
assisted his relatives in the merino wool trade; police magistrate at
Parramatta some years; member for Parramatta in first parliament of
N.S.W. 18 July 1842. d. Norwood, Surrey 6 March 1861.
MACARTHUR, J (brother of sir E. Macarthur 1789–1872). b.
Parramatta, New South Wales 1798; took part in his father’s
agricultural enterprises; member of legislative council of N.S.W.
1839, member for Camden 1848–53; declined knighthood 1859;
assisted in exploring Gippsland 1840; member of international
statistical congress in London 1860; comr. for N.S.W. at London
 exhibition 1862; author of New South Wales, its present state and
future prospects 1837. d. Sydney 21 April 1867.
MACARTHUR, S W (brother of the preceding). b. Parramatta,
Dec. 1800; assisted his father in his various projects 1817; brought
over six German vine-dressers to improve the vine culture at
Camden 1839; elective member of legislative council of N.S.W.
1849–55; a representative comr. for colony of N.S.W. at Paris
exhibition 1855; an officer of the legion of honour 1855; knighted
at St. James’s palace 12 March 1856; member of legislative council
of N.S.W. 1864; author of Letters on the culture of the vine,
fermentation and the management of wine in the cellar. By Maro
1844. d. Sydney, N.S.W. 29 Oct. 1882. A voyage round the world.
By the Marquis de Beauvoir, i 246–9 (1870).
M’ARTHUR, S W (5 child of John M’Arthur, Wesleyan
minister, d. 1840). b. Malin, barony of Innishowen, co. Donegal 6
July 1809; ed. at Stranorlar, co. Donegal; apprenticed to Hugh
Copeland of Enniskillen, woollen draper 1821–5; woollen draper
with Joseph Cather at Londonderry 1831–5, and alone from 15 Nov.
1835 to 1857; merchant in Australian trade 18–19 Silk st.
Cripplegate, London, having with his brother Alexander M’Arthur,
M.P., houses in Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland 1857; contested
Pontefract, July 1865; M.P. Lambeth 1868–85; contested West
Newington 1885; leader of the movement in favour of the
annexation of Fiji 1872; a great supporter of the Wesleyan
methodist connection; sheriff of London 1867–8, alderman of ward
of Coleman st. 3 Sep. 1872 to death, lord mayor 1880–1; master of
spectacle makers’ company 6 Oct. 1875; K.C.M.G. 17 Nov. 1882.
d. in a carriage at the Praed st. station of Metropolitan railway,
London 16 Nov. 1887. bur. Norwood cemet. 21 Nov. Will proved
for £120,937 2s. 5d., which did not include his estate in the
colonies. T. Mc Cullagh’s Sir W. M’Arthur (1891), portrait; I.L.N.
lxxvii 448 (1880), portrait; Graphic xxii 436 (1880), portrait; J. E.
Ritchie’s Famous city men (1884) 85–95.
MACARTHY or CARTER, J or T , known as Macarte and
Massarti. b. Cork 1838; a servant in Bell’s circus 1862, when
passing the lions’ cage in Bell’s menagerie, Crosshall st. Liverpool,
a lioness seized him by the left arm, he was rescued by Batty and
being removed to the Northern hospital his fore-arm was amputated
13 Nov. 1862; lion tamer in Bell and Myers’s circus 1862; lion
 tamer in Rosina Manders’s menagerie Jany. 1871 to death; attacked
by 4 lions at Market square, Bolton 3 Jany. 1872. d. in infirmary,
Bolton 3 Jany. 1872. bur. Bolton cemetery 6 Jany. Times 17 Nov.
1862 p. 12; Illust. sp. and dr. news, ii 209 (1874); Baily’s Mag. xliii
16–17, 20 (1885); T. Frost’s Circus Life (1876) 293–6.
MACAULAY, T B M , 1 Baron (eld. child of
Zachary Macaulay, philanthropist 1768–1838). b. Rothley Temple,
Leics. 25 Oct. 1800; began residence at Trin. coll. Camb. Oct. 1818,
a fellow 1 Oct. 1824 to 1831; Craven univ. scholar 1821; B.A.
1822, M.A. 1825; D.C.L. Oxford 1853; barrister L.I. 10 Feb. 1826,
bencher Jany. 1850 to death; contributed to Edinburgh Review, May
1825 to 1845; a comr. in bankruptcy Jany. 1828 to 1831; M.P. Calne
1830–2, M.P. Leeds 1832–4, M.P. Edinburgh 1839–47 and 18 July
1852 to Jany. 1856; a comr. of board of control July to Dec. 1832,
secretary to the board 19 Dec. 1832 to 26 Dec. 1833; fifth member
of supreme council of India at Calcutta 4 Dec. 1833 to Dec. 1838;
compiled a criminal code for India 1835–7; began his History of
England, March 1839; secretary at war with a seat in the cabinet 26
Sep. 1839 to 4 Sep. 1841; proposed a copyright of 42 years from
publication, which became law 1842; paymaster general 7 July
1846 to 11 May 1848; lord rector of univ. of Glasgow, Nov. 1848,
installed 21 March 1849; F.R.S. 22 Nov. 1849; fellow of univ. of
London 1850–9; professor of ancient history in royal academy
1850; created baron Macaulay of Rothley, Leicestershire 10 Sep.
1857; high steward of borough of Cambridge 1857, sworn in 11
May 1858; lived at El The Albany, Piccadilly 1840–56, and at Holly
lodge afterwards called Airlie lodge, Campden Hill 1856 to death;
author of Critical and miscellaneous essays 5 vols. 1841–4; Lays of
ancient Rome 1842; The history of England 5 vols. 1849–61;
Speeches 2 vols. 1853; The works of lord Macaulay. Ed. by lady
Trevelyan 8 vols. 1866, portrait. d. in his library at Holly lodge,
Campden hill, Kensington 28 Dec. 1859. bur. in Poet’s Corner,
Westminster abbey 9 Jany. 1860 where is bust, statue by T. Woolner
in Trin. coll. Camb. G. O. Trevelyan’s Life and letters of Lord
Macaulay 2 vols. (1876), portrait; Men of the time (1857) 489–93;
Illustrated Review, iv 1–11 (1873), portrait; Peter Anton’s Masters
in history (1884) 123–94; Jerrold, Tennyson and Macaulay. By J. H.
Stirling (1868) 112–71; Rev. F. Arnold’s Public life of Lord
Macaulay (1862); R. H. Horner’s New spirit of the age, ii 33–50
 (1844); D. O. Madden’s Chiefs of parties, ii 113–35 (1859); Proc. of
royal society, xi 11–26 (1860); Traits of character. By A
Contemporary, ii 1–26 (1860); Fagan’s Reform club (1887) 121,
portrait.
MACAULAY, B E . b. 1800; cousin of lord Macaulay;
contributed much to City Press; translated Domestic worship by J.
H. Merle D’Aubigné 1846. d. Gurnard, Cowes, Isle of Wight 15
Jany. 1883.
MACAULAY, C Z . b. 15 Oct. 1813; assistant to sir
Benjamin Brodie; private secretary to T. B. Macaulay when
secretary at war 1839 to 1841; secretary of the Audit office 1854–
65, one of the chairmen 1865–6 when granted pension of £1200;
edited under pseudonym of Conway Morel, Authority and
conscience, a debate on the tendency of dogmatic theology. London
1871. d. 7 Aug. 1886.
MACAULAY, C C (2 son of Aulay Macaulay, V. of
Rothley). b. Rothley vicarage 19 Nov. 1799; ed. by his father and at
Rugby; clerk to Thomas Burbidge of Leicester, solicitor 1815–28;
admitted an attorney and solicitor; member of firm of Greaves and
Burbidge of Leicester, solicitors 1831 to death; member of Leicester
literary and philosophical society, president 1847–49, contributed
many papers to the transactions. d. Knighton lodge, Leicester 20
Oct. 1853. bur. family vault Rothley. G.M. xl 644 (1853).
MACAULAY, S J B (2 son of James Macaulay,
inspector general of hospitals). b. Niagara, Ontario, Canada 3 Dec.
1793; ensign 98 foot 14 Dec. 1809; lieut. in Glengarry fencibles
1812–15 when corps was disbanded; fought at Ogdensburg,
Oswego, Lundy’s Lane, and at siege of Fort Erie in the war with
America; admitted to Canadian bar 1822; judge of court of queen’s
bench 1829; chief justice of court of common pleas, Dec. 1849 to
1856 when he retired on a pension; judge of court of error and
appeal 1859; chairman of commission appointed to revise and
consolidate the statutes of Upper Canada, completed 1858; C.B. 30
Nov. 1858; knighted by patent 13 Jany. 1859. d. Toronto 26 Nov.
1859.
MACAULAY, K (youngest son of rev. Aulay Macaulay). b.
Rothley 1815; ed. at Jesus coll. Camb., B.A. 1835, M.A. 1839;
barrister I.T. 3 May 1839, bencher 1850 to death, reader 1864,
 treasurer 1865; Q.C. Feb. 1850; leader of Midland circuit; M.P.
borough of Camb. 9 July 1852, unseated by committee of house of
commons Aug. 1854; M.P. Camb. 28 March 1857 to 6 July 1865. d.
Shaftesbury road, Brooklands, Cambridge 29 July 1867. Law Times,
xliii 224 (1867); I.L.N. xxii 152 (1853), portrait.
MC AULEY, J . b. Ireland 1839; went to New York 1852; a thief
and prize-fighter; sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for highway
robbery 1858, released March 1864; entered the Methodist church
and in Oct. 1872 opened a mission called the Helping Hand in
Water st. New York; opened the Cremorne mission with his wife
Maria 1882; began publication of a weekly paper called Jerry Mc
Auley’s Newspaper, June 1883. d. New York 18 Sep. 1884. Jerry
Mc Auley, an autobiography ed. by R. M. Offord. New York (1885),
portraits of himself and wife.
MACBAIN, S J (youngest son of Smith Macbain of Invergordon).
b. Kinrhives, Rossshire, April 1828; apprenticed to Andrew Smith
of Inverness, warehouseman 1845–50; traveller for firm of Milligan
& Co. of Bradford; clerk in bank of New South Wales at Melbourne
1853–7; managing partner for a branch of firm of Gibbs, Ronald &
Co. mercantile and squatting agents Melbourne 1858, partner in the
London house 1863, the Australian mortgage, land and finance co.
bought the business 1865, chairman of the Australian directorate
1865–90; member for Wimmera district of legislative assembly of
Victoria 1864–80; member for the Central province, to the
legislative council 1880–3; a cabinet minister Aug. 1881 to March
1883; member for South Yarra 1884; pres. of the legislative council
27 Nov. 1884; chairman of Victorian comrs. at Amsterdam
exhibition 1883; pres. of executive commission of Melbourne
centennial exhibition 1888; knighted by patent 21 June 1886;
K.C.M.G. 24 May 1889. d. Scotsburn near Toorak, Melbourne 4
Nov. 1892.
MACBEAN, A . b. 1793; second lieut. R.A. 13 Dec. 1810,
lieut.-col. 1 Nov. 1848 to 11 June 1850 when he retired on full pay;
L.G. 2 Feb. 1868. d. 1 Lancaster terrace, Regent’s park, London 1
Feb. 1871.
MACBEAN, F . Ensign 6 foot 9 June 1803, captain 16 May
1816; served in the Peninsula 1812–13 and in Upper Canada 1815;