Introductory Chemistry 4th Edition Tro

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Introductory Chemistry, 4e (Tro)
Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding

True/False Questions

1) Bonding theories are used to predict how atoms bond together to form molecules.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.1

2) Drugs to fight HIV have been developed using bonding theory models.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.1

3) Li : is the proper Lewis structure (dot structure) for lithium.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

4) A chemical bond is classified as a covalent bond if it involves the transfer of electrons.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

5) The Lewis structure of oxygen should have 8 valence electrons.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

6) Lewis structures only use the valence electrons in determining the bonding.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

7) Having eight valence electrons is very stable and is called an octet.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

8) A correct Lewis structure for an atom of carbon would have eight dots surrounding the symbol of the element.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.2

9) The correct Lewis structure for potassium in KCl is: K+.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

10) Chlorine has 8 valence electrons in the Lewis structure for KCl.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

11) The Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound of magnesium and sulfur is MgS 2.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

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12) The Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound made of sodium and fluorine is NaF.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

13) Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound made of aluminum and phosphorus is AlP.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

14) The Lewis structure of water has two sets of lone pair electrons.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

15) The structure is a proper representation of the bonding in the H2 molecule.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

16) The Lewis structure for O2 contains a triple bond.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

17) The double bond is shorter and stronger than a single bond.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

18) The triple bond present in diatomic nitrogen, N2, is what makes this molecule so reactive.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

19) When calculating the number of electrons for the Lewis structure of a polyatomic ion, subtract one electron for
each negative charge.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

20) The correct Lewis structure for CO2 shows that the molecule contains two double bonds.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

21) The correct Lewis structure for CO2 shows that the carbon atom has two sets of lone pair electrons.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

22) The sulfate ion contains 28 valence electrons.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

23) The ammonium ion contains 10 valence electrons.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

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24) Boron forms compounds that violate the octet rule.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

25) Resonance structures are the best representation we can draw but do not accurately reflect the true structure.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.6

26) Carbon monoxide contains resonance Lewis structures.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.6

27) The VSEPR theory predicts that the angle between the central carbon atom and the two oxygen atoms in CO 2
measures 180°.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

28) The VSEPR theory predicts that the H-C-H angle in CH4 measures 120°.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

29) It is important to identify lone pairs around a central atom because they do not repel other electron groups.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

30) The electron geometry of a molecule is never the same as its molecular geometry.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

31) When you have 2 electron groups and none are lone pairs, the molecular geometry is linear.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

32) When you have 4 electron groups and 1 of them is a lone pair, the molecular geometry is bent.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

33) When you have 4 electron groups and none of them are lone pairs, the molecular geometry is trigonal
pyramidal.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

34) When you have 4 electron groups, the electron geometry is tetrahedral.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.7

35) The compound H2S contains polar bonds but the molecule is nonpolar.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.8

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36) Water and oil do not mix because water molecules are nonpolar and molecules that compose oil are generally
polar.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.8

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements about Lewis structures is FALSE?

A) An octet is when an atom has 8 valence electrons.
B) A duet is a stable electron configuration for helium.
C) An ionic bond occurs when electrons are transferred.
D) A covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.2

2) Which Lewis structure below correctly represents KCl?

A) K⁺ [ ]⁻

B) K⁺ [: :]⁻

C) K : :

D) : :: :

E) none of the above

Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.3

3) Which Lewis structure below correctly represents the compound formed between magnesium and sulfur?

A) Mg⁺ [: :]⁻

B) Mg⁺ [: :]⁻2 Mg⁺

C) [: :]⁻ Mg⁺2 [: :]⁻

D) Mg⁺2 [: :]⁻2

E) none of the above

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.3

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4) Lewis theory predicts that the formula of a compound formed between bromine and aluminum is:
A) AlBr
B) Al2Br
C) AlBr3
D) AlBr2
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.3

5) Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between fluorine and calcium is:
A) CaF
B) Ca2F
C) CaF2
D) CaF3
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.3

6) Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between barium and sulfur is:
A) BaS
B) Ba2S
C) BaS2
D) BaS3
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.3

7) Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between potassium and sulfur is:
A) KS
B) K2S
C) KS2
D) K3S
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.3

8) When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal

A) a molecular compound forms.
B) a covalent bond is involved.
C) electrons are shared.
D) all of the above are true
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

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9) What is the correct Lewis structure for water?

A) H-: :-H

B) : - - :

C) H= =H

D) H- -H

E) none of the above

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.4

10) What is the correct Lewis structure for Br2?

A) Br-Br

B) : - :

C) =

D) : Br≡ Br :

E) none of the above

Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.4

11) What is the correct Lewis structure for O2?

A) O-O

B) : - :

C) =

D) : O ≡ O :

E) none of the above

Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.4

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12) What is the correct Lewis structure for N2?
A) N-N

B) : - :

C) =

D) : N ≡ N :

E) none of the above

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.4

13) The Lewis structure for carbon monoxide is This structures shows
A) 4 lone pairs and 1 bonding pair.
B) 4 lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs.
C) 2 lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs.
D) 2 lone pairs and 1 bonding pair.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

14) Which sequence below represents the proper order of increasing bond strength?
A) single < double < triple
B) double < single < triple
C) single < triple < double
D) triple < double < single
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.4

15) How many valence electrons are in the nitrate ion?

A) 18
B) 22
C) 23
D) 24
E) 26
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

16) The total number of electrons to be counted for the Lewis structure of the PO 43- polyatomic ion is
A) 8.
B) 26.
C) 29.
D) 32.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.5

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17) The central atom in the chlorate anion, ClO3- is surrounded by
A) two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons.
B) one bonding and three unshared pairs of electrons.
C) three bonding and one unshared pair of electrons.
D) two double bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

18) The central atom in the chlorite anion, ClO2- is surrounded by

A) one bonding and three unshared pairs of electrons.
B) two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons.
C) two bonding and one unshared pair of electrons.
D) two double bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

19) What is the correct Lewis structure for CO2?

A) : - - :

B) : = = :

C) : = C= :

D) : = C= :

E) none of the above

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

20) The Lewis structure, [: - = ] represents

A) NO2+
B) NO2-
C) NO2
D) both NO2+ and NO2-
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

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21) What is the correct Lewis structure for CN⁻?
A) [C-N]⁻

B) [: - :]⁻

C) [ = :]⁻

D) [: C≡ N :]⁻

E) none of the above

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

22) The correct Lewis structure for BF3 would have exactly:
A) 1 double bond.
B) 2 double bonds.
C) 1 triple bond.
D) no double bonds.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.5

23) Which symbol should be used between two structures that represent resonance structures?
A) →
B) ←
C) ↔
D) ≡
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.6

24) Which set shows the correct resonance structures for SeO2?

A) : - - :↔ = =

B) : = - :↔: - = :

C) : =Se= ↔ : O≡ Se- :↔ : -Se≡ O :

D) = - :↔: - =

E) SeO2 does not have a resonance structure.

Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.6

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25) Which of the following compounds have resonance structures?
A) CH4
B) H2O
C) NH3
D) O3
E) None of the compounds have resonance structures.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.6

26) Consider the Lewis structures for the compound SO3 and the polyatomic ions SO32- and SO42-. Which of
these would exist as a set of resonance structures?
A) SO3 only
B) SO32- only
C) SO42- only
D) all of these show resonance
E) none of these show resonance
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10.6

27) What is the angle between electron groups in the linear electron geometry?
A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°
E) not enough information
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

28) What is the angle between electron groups in the trigonal planar electron geometry?
A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

29) What is the angle between electron groups in the tetrahedral geometry?
A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°
E) not enough information
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

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30) Which of the following is considered a single electron group?
A) a lone pair of electrons
B) a single bond
C) a double bond
D) a triple bond
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

31) What is the electron geometry if you have 4 electron groups around the center atom?
A) linear
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal bipyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

32) What is the electron geometry if you have 2 electron groups around the center atom?
A) linear
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal bipyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

33) What is the electron geometry if you have 3 electron groups around the center atom?
A) linear
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal bipyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

34) What is the molecular geometry if you have 3 single bonds and 1 lone pair around the central atom?
A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

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35) What is the molecular geometry if you have 4 single bonds around the central atom?
A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

36) What is the molecular geometry if you have a double bond, a single bond and 1 lone pair around the central
atom?
A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

37) What is the molecular geometry of ozone, O3?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

38) Which of the following compounds would have a linear molecular geometry?
1. N2
2. H2S
3. CO2
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1,2 and 3
E) neither 1, 2,or 3
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

39) What is the molecular geometry of carbon dioxide, CO2?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

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40) What is the molecular geometry of PH3?
A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

41) What is the molecular geometry of SiH4?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

42) What is the molecular geometry of CCl4?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

43) What is the molecular geometry of SCl2?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

44) What is the molecular geometry of NH4+?

A) bent
B) linear
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

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45) The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH 3) are, respectively,
A) trigonal planar, bent.
B) tetrahedral, tetrahedral.
C) tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal.
D) tetrahedral, bent.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

46) The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of water are, respectively,
A) trigonal planar, bent.
B) tetrahedral, tetrahedral.
C) tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal.
D) tetrahedral, bent.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.7

47) Which of the following has a tetrahedral electron geometry and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A) Br2O
B) GeH4
C) SO2
D) PF3
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10.7

48) Which term matches the definition: A separation of charge within a bond.
A) coulombic attraction
B) dipole moment
C) polar covalent
D) nonpolar covalent
E) electronegativity
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

49) The elements with the highest electronegativity values tend to be found in the:
A) upper right-side of the periodic table.
B) lower right-side of the periodic table.
C) upper left-side of the periodic table.
D) lower left-side of the periodic table.
E) center of the periodic table.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10.8

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50) Which term matches the definition: The ability of an element to attract electrons within a covalent bond?
A) coulombic attraction
B) dipole moment
C) polar covalent
D) nonpolar covalent
E) electronegativity
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

51) Which molecule listed below has a nonpolar covalent bond?

A) NaCl
B) H2O
C) H2
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

52) Which molecule listed below has a polar covalent bond?

A) NaCl
B) H2O
C) H2
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

53) Which molecule listed below is a polar molecule?

A) NH3
B) H2O
C) HCN
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

54) Which substance listed below is a polar molecule?

A) NH41+
B) Cl2O
C) SiCl4
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

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55) Which molecule listed below is a nonpolar molecule?
A) CCl4
B) CO2
C) BH3
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

56) Which compound listed below will dissolve in water?

A) CCl4
B) SiO2
C) NH3
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

57) Which compound listed below will dissolve in NH 3?

A) H2S
B) CO2
C) O2
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

58) Which compound listed below will dissolve in carbon tetrachloride, CCl 4?
A) NaCl
B) CS2
C) NH3
D) all of the compounds
E) none of the compounds
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

59) Which of the following statements is TRUE for the covalent molecule HCl?
A) Chlorine is more electronegative and the shared electron pair is likely to be found on the hydrogen atom.
B) Chlorine is more electronegative and the shared electron pair is likely to be found on the chlorine atom.
C) Hydrogen is more electronegative and the shared electron pair is likely to be found on the hydrogen atom.
D) Hydrogen is more electronegative and the shared electron pair is likely to be found on the chlorine atom.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

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60) Which of the following statements about the water molecule is TRUE?
A) A water molecule has two dipole moments and they cancel each other.
B) A water molecule is symmetrical and therefore is nonpolar.
C) A water molecule is asymmetric and therefore is polar.
D) The electronegativities of hydrogen and oxygen are equal and therefore a water molecule is nonpolar.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

61) Which of the following statements are TRUE about the BF 3 molecule?
A) BF3 has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.
B) BF3 violates the octet rule for the central atom.
C) BF3 is nonpolar.
D) All of the above statements are true.
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

62) The electronegativity value for N is 3.0 and that for O is 3.5. Based on these values, which of the following
statements is TRUE about the compound NO?
A) NO is an ionic compound.
B) NO is a pure covalent compound.
C) NO is a polar covalent compound.
D) There is not enough enough information to determine the nature of NO.
E) None of the above statements is true.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

63) The electronegativity value for Mg is 1.2 and the value for O is 3.5. Based on these values, what type of bond
is expected for a compound formed between Mg and O?
A) Ionic
B) Pure covalent
C) Polar covalent
D) not enough information
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

64) How does soap work?

A) Soap works by breaking grease molecules into smaller molecules that dissolve in water.
B) Soap works by making water into a nonpolar liquid which grease can dissolve in.
C) Soap works by having a polar end and a nonpolar end which allows the water and oil to interact indirectly.
D) Soap works by by having a polar end which attaches to the grease molecule and polarizes it and turns the
grease molecule into another soap molecule. This is a chain reaction.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10.8

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